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README.md
published
10 Useful Random Linux Interview Questions and Answers_t.md20 Funny Commands of Linux or Linux is Fun in Terminal.md
201310
GTK3-based Twitter App ‘Corebird’ In Development.mdLinux RNG May Be Insecure After All.mdUnity 8 updated with interesting refinements.md
201311
201312
201401
201402
10 Lesser Known Ubuntu One Features.mdDaily Ubuntu Tips – Manually Install Any Version Of Firefox In Ubuntu.mdDaily Ubuntu Tips – Skype Minor Update Fixes PulseAudio, 64-bit Issues.mdDaily Ubuntu Tips – Take Screenshots Of your Desktop.mdHow To Install Gnome 3.10 In Ubuntu 13.10.mdWhy The Linux Desktop Doesn't Matter Anymore.md
201403
10 Linux／Unix Bash and KSH Shell Job Control Examples.md15 Linux cp Command Examples - Create a Copy of Files and Directories.md2014 Linux Jobs Report--Demand for Linux Expertise Drives Hiring Priorities.md5 Best Themes For Ubuntu 13.10.md9 Killer Tips To Speed Up Ubuntu 13.10.mdAccessing Clipboard Contents Across Multiple Instances of Vim from Terminal.mdClassicMenu Indicator Rekindles Old GNOME 2 Feeling in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.mdCreate Directory - subdirectory, other than that What mkdir command do in Linux.mdDaily Ubuntu Tips – Intel Graphics Installer 1.0.3 Released – Supports Ubuntu 13.10.mdDaily Ubuntu Tips – Linux Kernel 3.12.7 Released – Here’s How To Upgrade In Ubuntu.mdFive of the Best Ubuntu 14.04 Wallpaper Contest Entries.mdGlances – An Advanced Real Time System Monitoring Tool for Linux.mdHardware, software, standards.mdHere are Facebook’s 9 top open-source projects from 2013.mdHow To Block A Website In Ubuntu.mdHow To Enable Desktop Notification For VLC In Ubuntu 13.10 [Quick Tip].mdHow To Execute bin Files In Linux.mdHow To Install Google Keep In Ubuntu 13.10 [Quick Tip].mdHow To Mount iPhone Or iPad With iOS 7 In Ubuntu 13.10.mdHow to Play Blizzard's Hearthstone--Heroes of Warcraft on Linux.mdHow to convert an HTML web page to PNG image on Linux.mdHow to visually observe the partitions' usage with Ubuntu 13.10's Disk Usage Analyzer.mdLinus Torvalds Announces Kernel 3.13, opens Linux 3.14 Merge Window.mdLinux more Command - Display Long Text File Per page at a Time.mdLinux touch command - Why do we need to change Timestamp.mdMark Shuttleworth interview--Taking Ubuntu beyond desktops.mdMoving or Rename File ／ Directory in Linux - 10 Practical mv Command Examples.mdShould Canonical Drop the Current Background Theme for Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.mdTop 9 Linux Podcasts.mdTwo Pi R 2--Web Servers.mdUbuntu 14.04 LTS vs. Windows XP--Pros and Cons.mdUbuntu 14.04's System Settings received show／hide username option.mdUbuntu will beat Microsoft in the race to Unified OS.mdUnity Control Center arrived in Ubuntu 14.04 by default.mdUntangle Next Generation (NG) Firewall Is a Complete Linux Solution.mdUsability and Open Source.md
Because You Can--Windows 8 GTK Theme For Linux.mdCollectl is a powerful tool to monitor system resources on Linux.mdDaily Ubuntu Tips – Fix Black Screen In Ubuntu Guest With VirtualBox Screen Capture.mdGitHub's New Atom Text Editor Is Open Source, Sort Of, Though Not Really.mdHow to Wipe Free Disk Space in Linux.mdHow to set up RainLoop webmail in Ubuntu server.mdHow to spoof the MAC address of a network interface on Linux.mdInteresting facts about Raspberry Pi.mdLinux Kernel News - January and February 2014.mdThe Linux Kernel
02 The Linux Kernel--The Source Code.md03 The Linux Kernel--Drivers.md04 The Linux Kernel--Security.md05 The Linux Kernel--Configuring the Kernel Part 1.md06 The Linux Kernel--Configuring the Kernel Part 2.md07 The Linux Kernel--Configuring the Kernel Part 3.md08 The Linux Kernel--Configuring the Kernel Part 4.md10 The Linux Kernel--Configuring the Kernel Part 6.md11 The Linux Kernel--Configuring the Kernel Part 7.md12 The Linux Kernel--Configuring the Kernel Part 8.md13 The Linux Kernel--Configuring the Kernel Part 9.md19 The Linux Kernel--Configuring the Kernel Part 15.md20 The Linux Kernel--Configuring the Kernel Part 16.md21 The Linux Kernel--Configuring the Kernel Part 17.md
Ubuntu Touch Email Client Mockup Design Looks Fantastic.mdsources
20 Funny Commands of Linux or Linux is Fun in Terminal.md5 Command Line Tools for Downloading Files／Torrents and Browsing Websites.md5 Linux Distributions that Deserve more Love.md9 Killer Tips To Speed Up Ubuntu 13.10.mdDaily Ubuntu Tips – Fix Black Screen In Ubuntu Guest With VirtualBox Screen Capture.mdEasily Switch Audio Sources With Sound Switcher Indicator In Ubuntu.mdFive of the Best Ubuntu 14.04 Wallpaper Contest Entries.mdGitHub's New Atom Text Editor Is Open Source, Sort Of, Though Not Really.mdGlances – An Advanced Real Time System Monitoring Tool for Linux.mdHow to Wipe Free Disk Space in Linux.mdHow to enable 32-bit support for 64-bit Ubuntu 13.10 or greater.mdLinux Basics--Analyze Disk Usage In Ubuntu Linux.mdLinux Foundation Gains New Cloud, Open Hardware and Gaming Members.mdMeet uGet, an Amazing Download Manager for Linux.mdMoving a city to Linux requires political backing, says Munich project leader.mdOracle adds DTrace debugger to its Linux distribution.mdPlay the Best Linux Puzzle Games.mdShould Canonical Drop the Current Background Theme for Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.mdSolving HIPPA, HITECH, SSAE16 Server Compliance Issues with Next Generation Datacenters.mdUbuntu 14.04 LTS vs. Windows XP--Pros and Cons.mdUbuntu GNOME 14.04 Wallpaper Contest Kicks Off.md
news
talk
32
README.md
32
README.md
@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
|
||||
简介
|
||||
-------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
LCTT是Linux中国社区（[http://linux.cn/]()）的翻译组，负责从国外优秀媒体翻译Linux相关的技术、资讯、杂文等内容。
|
||||
LCTT是Linux中国社区（[http://linux.cn/](http://linux.cn/)）的翻译组，负责从国外优秀媒体翻译Linux相关的技术、资讯、杂文等内容。
|
||||
|
||||
LCTT已经拥有三十余名活跃成员，并欢迎更多的Linux志愿者加入我们的团队。
|
||||
LCTT已经拥有四十余名活跃成员，并欢迎更多的Linux志愿者加入我们的团队。
|
||||
|
||||
LCTT的组成
|
||||
-------------------------------
|
||||
@ -36,37 +36,45 @@ LCTT的组成
|
||||
- CORE [wxy](https://github.com/wxy),
|
||||
- CORE [carolinewuyan](https://github.com/carolinewuyan),
|
||||
- CORE [DeadFire](https://github.com/DeadFire),
|
||||
- CORE [tinyeyeser](https://github.com/tinyeyeser),
|
||||
- CORE [geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi),
|
||||
- CORE [tinyeyeser](https://github.com/tinyeyeser),
|
||||
- CORE [vito-L](https://github.com/vito-L),
|
||||
- CORE [jasminepeng](https://github.com/jasminepeng),
|
||||
- [luoxcat](https://github.com/Luoxcat),
|
||||
- [flsf](https://github.com/flsf),
|
||||
- [runningwater](https://github.com/runningwater),
|
||||
- [Linux-pdz](https://github.com/Linux-pdz),
|
||||
- [woodboow](https://github.com/woodboow),
|
||||
- [bazz2](https://github.com/bazz2),
|
||||
- [flsf](https://github.com/flsf),
|
||||
- [Linux-pdz](https://github.com/Linux-pdz),
|
||||
- [Vic020](https://github.com/Vic020),
|
||||
- [crowner](https://github.com/crowner),
|
||||
- [woodboow](https://github.com/woodboow),
|
||||
- [KayGuoWhu](https://github.com/KayGuoWhu),
|
||||
- [scusjs](https://github.com/scusjs),
|
||||
- [Linchenguang](https://github.com/Linchenguang),
|
||||
- [crowner](https://github.com/crowner),
|
||||
- [yechunxiao19](https://github.com/yechunxiao19),
|
||||
- [scusjs](https://github.com/scusjs),
|
||||
- [hyaocuk](https://github.com/hyaocuk),
|
||||
- [theo-l](https://github.com/theo-l),
|
||||
- [l3b2w1](https://github.com/l3b2w1),
|
||||
- [hyaocuk](https://github.com/hyaocuk),
|
||||
- [boredivan](https://github.com/boredivan),
|
||||
- [NearTan](https://github.com/NearTan),
|
||||
- [boredivan](https://github.com/boredivan),
|
||||
- [liuaiping](https://github.com/liuaiping),
|
||||
- [zpl1025](https://github.com/zpl1025),
|
||||
- [rogetfan](https://github.com/rogetfan),
|
||||
- [whatever1992](https://github.com/whatever1992),
|
||||
- [icybreaker](https://github.com/icybreaker),
|
||||
- [ThomazL](https://github.com/ThomazL),
|
||||
- [SteveArcher](https://github.com/SteveArcher),
|
||||
- [FineFan](https://github.com/FineFan),
|
||||
- [ailurus1991](https://github.com/ailurus1991),
|
||||
- [Maclauring](https://github.com/Maclauring),
|
||||
- [small-Wood](https://github.com/small-Wood),
|
||||
- [willqian](https://github.com/willqian),
|
||||
- [stduolc](https://github.com/stduolc),
|
||||
- [SteveArcher](https://github.com/SteveArcher),
|
||||
- [lijhg](https://github.com/lijhg),
|
||||
（更新于2014/1/2）
|
||||
- [tomatoKiller](https://github.com/tomatoKiller),
|
||||
- [zsJacky](https://github.com/zsJacky),
|
||||
|
||||
（更新于2014/3/12）
|
||||
|
||||
谢谢大家的支持！
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -14,15 +14,15 @@
|
||||
|
||||
> **答案**： 为了追踪系统中发生的事件，我们需要用到叫做syslogd的这个后台程序。syslogd这个后台程序可以追踪系统信息并将其保存到指定的日志文件中。
|
||||
|
||||
在命令行运行'syslogd'这个应用会在路径'/var/log/syslog'中生成一个日志文件。syslogd应用对解决Linux系统中的问题十分有用。标准生成的日志文件和下面这个例子很像。
|
||||
启用'syslogd'这个后台进程会在路径'/var/log/syslog'中生成一个日志文件。syslogd应用对解决Linux系统中的问题十分有用。标准生成的日志文件和下面这个例子很像。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
3.如何禁止特定IP访问FTP服务器？
|
||||
|
||||
> **答案**： 我们可以通过运用tcp_wrapper来禁止可疑的IP访问。首先在路径'/etc/vsftpd.conf'的配置文件中，将tcp_wrapper这个参数设置为"tcp_wrapper=YES"，然后在'/etc/host.deny'文件中加入可疑的IP地址。
|
||||
|
||||
###禁止访问的IP地址###
|
||||
**禁止访问的IP地址**
|
||||
|
||||
打开'/etc/hosts.deny'文件。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -47,11 +47,11 @@
|
||||
|
||||
4.告诉我们Telnet和SSH之间的区别？
|
||||
|
||||
> **答案**： Telnet和SSH都是用来远程管理系统的协议。与Telnet直接传输数据正好相反，安全的SSH通信协议需要通信中有密钥的交换，这说明telnet相比较于SSH更加不安全。
|
||||
> **答案**： Telnet和SSH都是用来远程管理系统的协议。与Telnet直接传输数据正好相反，安全的SSH通信协议需要通信中有密钥的交换，这说明telnet相比较于SSH不安全。
|
||||
|
||||
5.你需要终止你的X server，但当你尝试杀进程的时候，你遇到了表示不能退出X server的错误信息。你准备怎么做？
|
||||
|
||||
> **答案**： 当你尝试杀X server的进程时，系统不会让你像使用'/etc/init.d/gdm stop'一样正常的退出X server。我们需要执行一个使X server重启的特别的键位组合'Ctrl+ Alt+ Back Space'。
|
||||
> **答案**： 当你尝试杀X server的进程时，系统不会让你像使用'/etc/init.d/gdm stop'一样正常的退出X server。我们需要执行一个使X server重启的特别的键位组合'Ctrl+ Alt+ BackSpace'。
|
||||
|
||||
6.告诉我命令'ping'和'ping6'的区别？
|
||||
|
||||
@ -65,7 +65,7 @@
|
||||
|
||||
8.locate和slocate命令的区别？
|
||||
|
||||
> **答案**： slocate(secure locate)会寻找所有用户有权限访问的文件，然而locate会搜索所有更新过的结果。
|
||||
> **答案**： slocate(secure locate)会寻找所有用户有权限访问的文件，然而locate会搜索（它的数据库里面的）所有更新过的结果。
|
||||
|
||||
9.你要在当前目录中所有“.txt”文件中搜索“Tecmint”这个字符串，你怎么做？
|
||||
|
||||
@ -85,6 +85,6 @@
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.tecmint.com/useful-random-linux-interview-questions-and-answers/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：ThomazL(https://github.com/ThomazL) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：ThomazL(https://github.com/ThomazL) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,432 @@
|
||||
Linux命令及Linux终端的20个趣事
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
玩**Linux**其乐无穷！**哈哈**。不相信。记住我的话，在文章结尾时你就会相信**Linux**确实好玩了。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. 命令：sl （蒸汽机车） ###
|
||||
|
||||
你可能了解 ‘ls’ 命令，并经常使用它来查看文件夹的内容。但是，有些时候你可能会拼写成 ‘sl’ ,这时我们应该如何获得一些乐趣而不是看见“command not found”呢？
|
||||
|
||||
#### 安装 sl ####
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# apt-get install sl (In Debian like OS)
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# yum -y install sl (In Red Hat like OS)
|
||||
|
||||
#### 输出 ####
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# sl
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
当你敲入的是‘**LS**‘而不是’**ls**‘时，这个命令也会运行。
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. 命令：telnet ###
|
||||
|
||||
**非也！非也！！**这可不像它平常那样复杂。你可能很熟悉**telnet**。Telnet 是一个文本化的双向网络协议。这里不需要安装什么东西。你需要的就是一个Linux系统和一个连通的网络。
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# telnet towel.blinkenlights.nl
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. 命令：fortune ###
|
||||
|
||||
试试你未知的运气，终端里有时也有好玩的。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 安装 fortune ####
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# apt-get install fortune (for aptitude based system)
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# yum install fortune (for yum based system)
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# fortune
|
||||
|
||||
You're not my type. For that matter, you're not even my species!!!
|
||||
Future looks spotty. You will spill soup in late evening.
|
||||
You worry too much about your job. Stop it. You are not paid enough to worry.
|
||||
Your love life will be... interesting.
|
||||
|
||||
### 4. 命令：rev（翻转）###
|
||||
|
||||
它会把传递给它的的每个字符串都反过来，是不是很好玩。
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# rev
|
||||
|
||||
123abc
|
||||
cba321
|
||||
|
||||
xuniL eb ot nrob
|
||||
born to be Linux
|
||||
|
||||
### 5. 命令：factor ###
|
||||
|
||||
该谈点儿关于**Mathematics**的了，这个命令输出给定数字的所有因子。
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# factor
|
||||
|
||||
5
|
||||
5: 5
|
||||
|
||||
12
|
||||
12: 2 2 3
|
||||
|
||||
1001
|
||||
1001: 7 11 13
|
||||
|
||||
5442134
|
||||
5442134: 2 2721067
|
||||
|
||||
### 6.命令：script ###
|
||||
|
||||
好的，这不是什么命令，而是一个脚本，一个很有趣的脚本。
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# for i in {1..12}; do for j in $(seq 1 $i); do echo -ne $i x $j=$((i*j))\\t;done; echo;done
|
||||
|
||||
1 x 1=1
|
||||
2 x 1=2 2 x 2=4
|
||||
3 x 1=3 3 x 2=6 3 x 3=9
|
||||
4 x 1=4 4 x 2=8 4 x 3=12 4 x 4=16
|
||||
5 x 1=5 5 x 2=10 5 x 3=15 5 x 4=20 5 x 5=25
|
||||
6 x 1=6 6 x 2=12 6 x 3=18 6 x 4=24 6 x 5=30 6 x 6=36
|
||||
7 x 1=7 7 x 2=14 7 x 3=21 7 x 4=28 7 x 5=35 7 x 6=42 7 x 7=49
|
||||
8 x 1=8 8 x 2=16 8 x 3=24 8 x 4=32 8 x 5=40 8 x 6=48 8 x 7=56 8 x 8=64
|
||||
9 x 1=9 9 x 2=18 9 x 3=27 9 x 4=36 9 x 5=45 9 x 6=54 9 x 7=63 9 x 8=72 9 x 9=81
|
||||
10 x 1=10 10 x 2=20 10 x 3=30 10 x 4=40 10 x 5=50 10 x 6=60 10 x 7=70 10 x 8=80 10 x 9=90 10 x 10=100
|
||||
11 x 1=11 11 x 2=22 11 x 3=33 11 x 4=44 11 x 5=55 11 x 6=66 11 x 7=77 11 x 8=88 11 x 9=99 11 x 10=110 11 x 11=121
|
||||
12 x 1=12 12 x 2=24 12 x 3=36 12 x 4=48 12 x 5=60 12 x 6=72 12 x 7=84 12 x 8=96 12 x 9=108 12 x 10=120 12 x 11=132 12 x 12=144
|
||||
|
||||
### 7.命令：Cowsay ###
|
||||
|
||||
一个在终端用**ASCII**码组成的小牛，这个小牛会说出你想要它说的话。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 安装Cowsay ####
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# apt-get install cowsay (for Debian based OS)
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# yum install cowsay (for Red Hat based OS)
|
||||
|
||||
#### 输出 ####
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# cowsay I Love nix
|
||||
|
||||
____________
|
||||
< I Love nix >
|
||||
------------
|
||||
\ ^__^
|
||||
\ (oo)\_______
|
||||
(__)\ )\/\
|
||||
||----w |
|
||||
|| ||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
如果用管道将‘**fortune command**’命令重定向到cowsay会怎样呢？
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# fortune | cowsay
|
||||
|
||||
_________________________________________
|
||||
/ Q: How many Oregonians does it take to \
|
||||
| screw in a light bulb? A: Three. One to |
|
||||
| screw in the light bulb and two to fend |
|
||||
| off all those |
|
||||
| |
|
||||
| Californians trying to share the |
|
||||
\ experience. /
|
||||
-----------------------------------------
|
||||
\ ^__^
|
||||
\ (oo)\_______
|
||||
(__)\ )\/\
|
||||
||----w |
|
||||
|| ||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**提示：‘|’**是管道命令符。通常它是将一个命令的输出作为下一个命令的输入。在上面的例子中‘**fortune**’的输出作为‘**cowsay**’命令的输出。管道命令会经常用在脚本和程序编写中。
|
||||
|
||||
**xcowsay**是一个图形界面程序。它与**cowsay**类似只是以一种图形的方式来表达，可以说是**X**版本的cowsay。
|
||||
|
||||
apt-get insatll xcowsay
|
||||
yum install xcowsay
|
||||
|
||||
#### 输出 ####
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# xcowsay I Love nix
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**cowthink**是另一个命令。运行“cowthink Linux is sooo funny ”看看它与cowsay的不同吧。
|
||||
|
||||
apt-get insatll cowthink
|
||||
yum install cowthink
|
||||
|
||||
#### 输出 ####
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# cowthink ....Linux is sooo funny
|
||||
_________________________
|
||||
( ....Linux is sooo funny )
|
||||
-------------------------
|
||||
o ^__^
|
||||
o (oo)\_______
|
||||
(__)\ )\/\
|
||||
||----w |
|
||||
|| ||
|
||||
|
||||
### 8. 命令：yes ###
|
||||
|
||||
yes 是一个非常有趣又有用的命令，尤其对于脚本编写和系统管理员来说，它可以自动地生成预先定义的响应或者将其传到终端。
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# yes I Love Linux
|
||||
|
||||
I Love Linux
|
||||
I Love Linux
|
||||
I Love Linux
|
||||
I Love Linux
|
||||
I Love Linux
|
||||
I Love Linux
|
||||
I Love Linux
|
||||
I Love Linux
|
||||
I Love Linux
|
||||
I Love Linux
|
||||
I Love Linux
|
||||
I Love Linux
|
||||
|
||||
**提示**: (直到你按下**ctrl+c**才停止)
|
||||
|
||||
### 9. 命令: toilet ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
什么？你在开玩笑吗! 当然没有，但肯定的是这个命令的名字太搞了，我也不知道这个命令的名字从何而来。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 安装toilet ####
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# apt-get install toilet
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# yum install toilet
|
||||
|
||||
#### 输出 ####
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# toilet tecmint
|
||||
|
||||
mmmmmmm " m
|
||||
# mmm mmm mmmmm mmm m mm mm#mm mmm mmm mmmmm
|
||||
# #" # #" " # # # # #" # # #" " #" "# # # #
|
||||
# #"""" # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
|
||||
# "#mm" "#mm" # # # mm#mm # # "mm # "#mm" "#m#" # # #
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
这个命令甚至提供了一些颜色和字体格式。
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# toilet -f mono12 -F metal Tecmint.com
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**提示：Figlet** 是另外一个与toilet产生的效果类似的命令。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 10. 命令：cmatrix ###
|
||||
|
||||
你可能看多好莱坞的电影‘**黑客帝国**’并陶醉于被赋予**Neo**的能看到在矩阵中任何事物的能力，或者你会想到一幅类似于‘**Hacker**’的桌面的生动画面。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### 安装 cmatrix ####
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# apt-get install cmatrix
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# yum install cmatrix
|
||||
|
||||
#### 输出 ####
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# cmatrix
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 11. 命令: oneko ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
可能你坚信Linux的鼠标指针永远是同样的黑色或白色一点儿也不生动，那你就错了。“**oneko**”是一个会让一个“**Jerry**”你的鼠标指针附着到你鼠标上的一个软件包。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 安装 oneko ####
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# apt-get install oneko
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# yum install oneko
|
||||
|
||||
#### 输出 ####
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# oneko
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**提示**：关闭运行着**oneko**的终端时，**Jerry**也会随之消失，重新启动终端时也不会再出项。你可以将这个程序添加到启动选项中然后继续使用它。
|
||||
|
||||
### 12. Fork炸弹 ###
|
||||
|
||||
这是一段非常欠抽的代码。运行这个命令的后果自己负责。这个命令其实是一个fork炸弹，它会以指数级的自乘，直到所有的系统资源都被利用了或者系统挂起（想要见识这个命令的威力你可以试一次这个命令，但是后果自负，记得在运行它之前关掉并保存其它所有程序和文件）。
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# :(){ :|:& }:
|
||||
|
||||
### 13. 命令：while ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
下面的”while“命令是一个脚本，这个脚本可以为你提供彩色的日期和文件直到你按下中断键（ctrl+c）。复制粘贴这个命令到你的终端。
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# while true; do echo "$(date '+%D %T' | toilet -f term -F border --gay)"; sleep 1; done
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**提示**：以上脚本通过下面的修改也会产生类似的输出但是还是有点不同的，在你的终端试试吧。
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# while true; do clear; echo "$(date '+%D %T' | toilet -f term -F border --gay)"; sleep 1; done
|
||||
|
||||
### 14. 命令: espeak ###
|
||||
|
||||
将你的多媒体音箱的音量调到最大，然后在将这个命令复制到你的终端，来看看你听到上帝的声音时的反应吧。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 安装 espeak ####
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# apt-get install espeak
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# yum install espeak
|
||||
|
||||
#### 输出 ####
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# espeak "Tecmint is a very good website dedicated to Foss Community"
|
||||
|
||||
### 15. 命令: aafire ###
|
||||
|
||||
在你的终端放一把火如何。把这个“**aafire**”敲到你的终端，不需要什么引号看看这神奇的一幕吧。按下任意键中指该程序。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### 安装 aafire ####
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# apt-get install libaa-bin
|
||||
|
||||
#### 输出 ####
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# aafire
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 16. 命令: bb ###
|
||||
|
||||
首先安装“**apt-get install bb**”,然后敲入“**bb**”看看会发生什么吧。
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# bb
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 17. 命令: url ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
如果在你的朋友面前用命令行来改变你的 **twitter status** 会不会很酷呢。用你的**用户名密码**和**你想要的状态**分别替换**username, password** 和“**your status message**“就可以了。
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# url -u YourUsername:YourPassword -d status="Your status message" http://twitter.com/statuses/update.xml
|
||||
|
||||
### 18. ASCIIquarium ###
|
||||
|
||||
想要在终端弄一个水族馆该，怎么办？
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# apt-get install libcurses-perl
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# cd /tmp
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# wget http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/K/KB/KBAUCOM/Term-Animation-2.4.tar.gz
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# tar -zxvf Term-Animation-2.4.tar.gz
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# cd Term-Animation-2.4/
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# perl Makefile.PL && make && make test
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# make install
|
||||
|
||||
#### 安装 ASCIIquarium ####
|
||||
|
||||
下载并安装**ASCIIquarium**。
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# cd /tmp
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# wget http://www.robobunny.com/projects/asciiquarium/asciiquarium.tar.gz
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# tar -zxvf asciiquarium.tar.gz
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# cd asciiquarium_1.1/
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# cp asciiquarium /usr/local/bin
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# chmod 0755 /usr/local/bin/asciiquarium
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
最后在终端运行“**asciiquarium**”或者“**/usr/local/bin/asciiquarium**”，记得不要加引号，神奇的一幕将在你眼前展现。
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# asciiquarium
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 19. 命令: funny manpages ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
首先安装“**apt-get install funny－manpages**”然后运行下面命令的man手册。其中一些
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
baby
|
||||
celibacy
|
||||
condom
|
||||
date
|
||||
echo
|
||||
flame
|
||||
flog
|
||||
gong
|
||||
grope, egrope, fgrope
|
||||
party
|
||||
rescrog
|
||||
rm
|
||||
rtfm
|
||||
tm
|
||||
uubp
|
||||
woman (undocumented)
|
||||
xkill
|
||||
xlart
|
||||
sex
|
||||
strfry
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# man baby
|
||||
|
||||
### 20. Linux Tweaks ###
|
||||
|
||||
该到了做一些优化的时候了
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# world
|
||||
|
||||
bash: world: not found
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# touch girls\ boo**
|
||||
|
||||
touch: cannot touch `girls boo**`: Permission denied
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# nice man woman
|
||||
|
||||
No manual entry for woman
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# ^How did the sex change operation go?^
|
||||
|
||||
bash: :s^How did the sex change operation go?^ : substitution failed
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# %blow
|
||||
|
||||
bash: fg: %blow: no such job
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# make love
|
||||
|
||||
make: *** No rule to make target `love`. Stop.
|
||||
|
||||
$ [ whereis my brain?
|
||||
sh: 2: [: missing ]
|
||||
|
||||
% man: why did you get a divorce?
|
||||
man:: Too many arguments.
|
||||
|
||||
% !:say, what is saccharine?
|
||||
Bad substitute.
|
||||
|
||||
server@localhost:/srv$ \(-
|
||||
bash: (-: command not found
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Linux总是sexy：**who | grep -i blonde | date; cd ~; unzip; touch; strip; finger; mount; gasp; yes; uptime; umount; sleep**（如果你知道我的意思，汗！）
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
还有一些其它的命令，只是这些命令并不能在所有的系统上运行，所以本文没有涉及到。比如说**dog , filter, banner**
|
||||
|
||||
使用愉快，你可以稍后再对我说谢谢：）您的评价是我们前进的不竭动力。告诉我们你最喜欢的命令。继续关注，不久我会有另一篇值得阅读的文章。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.tecmint.com/20-funny-commands-of-linux-or-linux-is-fun-in-terminal/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[Linchenguang](https://github.com/Linchenguang) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
0
published/201310/GTK3-based Twitter App ‘Corebird’ In Development.md
Executable file → Normal file
0
published/201310/GTK3-based Twitter App ‘Corebird’ In Development.md
Executable file → Normal file
0
published/201310/Linux RNG May Be Insecure After All.md
Executable file → Normal file
0
published/201310/Linux RNG May Be Insecure After All.md
Executable file → Normal file
0
published/201310/Unity 8 updated with interesting refinements.md
Executable file → Normal file
0
published/201310/Unity 8 updated with interesting refinements.md
Executable file → Normal file
0
published/201311/Deciphering Top.md
Executable file → Normal file
0
published/201311/Deciphering Top.md
Executable file → Normal file
0
published/201312/10 basic examples of Linux ps command.md
Executable file → Normal file
0
published/201312/10 basic examples of Linux ps command.md
Executable file → Normal file
0
published/201401/Gnu--toward the post-scarcity world – the Free Software Column.md
Executable file → Normal file
0
published/201401/Gnu--toward the post-scarcity world – the Free Software Column.md
Executable file → Normal file
0
published/201402/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Take Screenshots Of your Desktop.md
Executable file → Normal file
0
published/201402/Daily Ubuntu Tips – Take Screenshots Of your Desktop.md
Executable file → Normal file
@ -1,22 +1,22 @@
|
||||
10个 Linux/Unix下 Bash和KSH shell 的作业控制实例
|
||||
10个 Linux/Unix下 Bash 和 KSH shell 的作业控制实例
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Linux 和 Unix 属于多任务的操作系统，也就是说一个系统在同一时间段内能运行多重任务(进程)。在这个新的博客系列，我将会列出相关的 Linux和Unix作业控制的命令，你可以通过这些命令在 Bash 或 Korn 还有 POSIX shell 下实现执行多重任务。
|
||||
Linux 和 Unix 属于多任务的操作系统，也就是说一个系统在同一时间段内能运行多重任务(进程)。在这个新的博客系列，我将会列出相关的 Linux 和 Unix 作业（job）控制的命令，你可以通过这些命令在 Bash 或 Korn 还有 POSIX shell 下实现执行多重任务。
|
||||
|
||||
### 什么是作业控制？###
|
||||
|
||||
作业控制不过是能够停止/挂起(stop/suspend)正在执行的进程(命令)也可以继续/唤醒(continue/resume)你需要的每一个进程来执行。这完全可以用你的操作系统和类似 bash/ksh 或 POSIX shell 完成。
|
||||
作业控制不只是能够停止/挂起(stop/suspend)正在执行的进程(命令)，也可以继续/唤醒(continue/resume)执行你需要的每一个进程。这完全可以用你的操作系统和 bash/ksh 之类的 shell 或 POSIX shell 完成。
|
||||
|
||||
### 谁提供给了作业控制的设施条件 ###
|
||||
### 谁给作业控制的提供了环境？ ###
|
||||
|
||||
Bash / Korn shell,或者是 POSIX shell 提供给了作业控制的设施条件。
|
||||
Bash / Korn shell，或者是 POSIX shell 提供给了作业控制的环境。
|
||||
|
||||
### 跟作业表打个招呼吧 ###
|
||||
|
||||
你的 shell 会留有一张当前作业的表单，称为作业表。当你键入命令时，shell 会给它分配一个 jobID(也称作 JOB_SPEC)。一个 jobID 或 JOB_SPEC只是很小的整数数值。
|
||||
|
||||
#### #1: 创建你的首个 Linux/Unix 作业(job) ####
|
||||
#### #1: 创建你的首个 Linux/Unix 作业 ####
|
||||
|
||||
我要运行一个名为 xeyes 的命令，它会在屏幕上显示两个椭圆的眼睛,输入：
|
||||
$ xeyes &
|
||||
@ -42,48 +42,47 @@ Bash / Korn shell,或者是 POSIX shell 提供给了作业控制的设施条件
|
||||
xload &
|
||||
sleep 100000 &
|
||||
|
||||
#### #2: 列出当前的jobs ####
|
||||
#### #2: 列出当前的作业 ####
|
||||
|
||||
To [see the status of active jobs in the current shell][1], type:
|
||||
要[查看当前 shell 的激活的任务状态][1]，输入：
|
||||
|
||||
$ jobs
|
||||
$ jobs -l
|
||||
|
||||
输出样例:
|
||||
输出如下:
|
||||
|
||||
[1] 9379 Running xeyes &
|
||||
[2] 9380 Running gedit /tmp/hello.c &
|
||||
[3]- 9420 Running xload &
|
||||
[4]+ 9421 Running sleep 100000 &
|
||||
|
||||
A brief description of each field is given below:
|
||||
简要描述如下：
|
||||
|
||||
(注：表格部分，这样发表出来应该会方便看一点)
|
||||
<table border="1"><tbody><tr><th>字段</th><th>值</th><th>描述</th><th>示例</th></tr><tr><td>1</td><td>[1]</td><td><strong>jobID</strong> 或 <strong>JOB_SPEC</strong> - 工作号要与fg, bg, wait, kill和其他shell命令一起使用。你必须在工作号前缀添加一个百分号。(<kbd><strong>%</strong></kbd>).<br>加号 (<kbd>+</kbd>) 标识着默认的或是现在的 job。<br>减号 (<kbd>-</kbd>) 标识着先前的 job。</td><td><kbd>%1</kbd><br><kbd>fg %1</kbd><br><kbd>kill %2</kbd></td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>9379</td><td><strong>进程 ID</strong> - 系统自动为每个进程创建并分配地独有的身份标志号。</td><td>kill 9379</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>Running</td><td><strong>状态</strong> - 关于 job 的状态:<br><kbd><strong>Running</strong></kbd> - 该 job 正在运行,还没有被外部信号挂起。<br><kbd><strong>Stopped</strong></kbd> - 该 job 已经被挂起。<br></td><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>xeyes &</td><td><strong>command</strong> - 由shell给出的命令。</td><td>script &<br>firefox url&</td></tr></tbody></table>
|
||||
<table border="1"><tbody><tr><th>字段</th><th>值</th><th>描述</th><th>示例</th></tr><tr><td>1</td><td>[1]</td><td><strong>jobID</strong> 或 <strong>JOB_SPEC</strong> - 工作号要与fg, bg, wait, kill和其他shell命令一起使用。你必须在工作号前缀添加一个百分号：(<kbd><strong>%</strong></kbd>)。<br>加号 (<kbd>+</kbd>) 标识着默认的或是现在的作业。<br>减号 (<kbd>-</kbd>) 标识着前一个作业。</td><td><kbd>%1</kbd><br><kbd>fg %1</kbd><br><kbd>kill %2</kbd></td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>9379</td><td><strong>进程 ID</strong> - 系统自动为每个进程创建并分配地独有的身份标志号。</td><td>kill 9379</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>Running</td><td><strong>状态</strong> - 关于作业的状态:<br><kbd><strong>Running</strong></kbd> - 该 作业正在运行,还没有被外部信号挂起。<br><kbd><strong>Stopped</strong></kbd> - 该作业已经被挂起。<br></td><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>xeyes &</td><td><strong>command</strong> - 由shell给出的命令。</td><td>script &<br>firefox url&</td></tr></tbody></table>
|
||||
|
||||
你也可以用 ps 命名列出当前系统正在运行的进程:
|
||||
|
||||
$ ps
|
||||
|
||||
#### #3: 停止或挂起正在运行的jobs ####
|
||||
#### #3: 停止或挂起正在运行的作业 ####
|
||||
|
||||
按下[Ctrl]-[Z]键或使用[kill 命令][2],如下所示：
|
||||
|
||||
kill -s stop PID
|
||||
|
||||
举个例子，启动[ping 命令][3]，然后用 Ctrl-Z 键触发停止 ping 命令的job：
|
||||
举个例子，启动[ping 命令][3]，然后用 Ctrl-Z 键来停止 ping 命令作业：
|
||||
|
||||
[][5]
|
||||
*Animated gif 01: 挂起 ping 命令的 job*
|
||||
*Animated gif 01: 挂起 ping 命令作业*
|
||||
|
||||
#### #4: 在前台恢复 挂起的/停止的 job ####
|
||||
#### #4: 在前台恢复 挂起的/停止的作业 ####
|
||||
|
||||
让我们[恢复处于停止状态下的 job 回到前台运行][6],要实现这个目标当前 job 必须借助[fg 命令][7]。具体语法如下：
|
||||
让我们[恢复处于停止状态下的作业，让它回到前台继续运行][6]，要将其变成当前作业，必须借助[fg 命令][7]。具体语法如下：
|
||||
|
||||
## ping 命令的作业号的值为5 ##
|
||||
fg %5
|
||||
|
||||
我也可以规定命令行开端符合字符串"ping"的 job[译注：不能出现不明确的字符串，例如如果后台有两个 vim 进程而你敲入 fg %vim 会报错。]:
|
||||
我也可以规定命令行开端符合字符串"ping"的作业[译注：不能出现不明确的字符串，例如如果后台有两个 vim 进程而你敲入 fg %vim 会报错。]:
|
||||
|
||||
## %String ##
|
||||
fg %ping
|
||||
@ -95,13 +94,13 @@ A brief description of each field is given below:
|
||||
64 bytes from www.cyberciti.biz (75.126.153.206): icmp_req=5 ttl=53 time=267 ms
|
||||
^C
|
||||
|
||||
#### #5: 在后台恢复 挂起/停止状态的 job ####
|
||||
#### #5: 在后台恢复 挂起/停止状态的作业 ####
|
||||
|
||||
在这个例子中，我将要使用[yum 命令][8]更新所有安装在 Redhat 或 CentOS Linux 生产服务器上的软件包并置于后台作业。
|
||||
在这个例子中，我使用[yum 命令][8]更新所有安装在 Redhat 或 CentOS Linux 生产服务器上的软件包并置于后台作业。
|
||||
|
||||
# yum -y update &>/root/patch.log &
|
||||
|
||||
然而，由于一些原因(例如,过载问题)我决定停止这个 job 20分钟：
|
||||
然而，由于一些原因(例如,过载问题)我决定停止这个作业20分钟：
|
||||
|
||||
# kill -s stop %yum
|
||||
|
||||
@ -111,7 +110,7 @@ A brief description of each field is given below:
|
||||
|
||||
#### 用 bg 重启停止在后台的 yum 进程 ####
|
||||
|
||||
现在，我将要[恢复停止的 yum -y update &>/root/patch.log & job][9],键入：
|
||||
现在，我将要[恢复停止的 yum -y update &>/root/patch.log & 作业][9]，键入：
|
||||
|
||||
# bg %7
|
||||
|
||||
@ -131,17 +130,17 @@ A brief description of each field is given below:
|
||||
|
||||
或者
|
||||
|
||||
# kill pid
|
||||
# kill 进程ID
|
||||
|
||||
输出样例：
|
||||
|
||||
[7]+ Terminated yum -y update &>/root/patch.log &
|
||||
|
||||
在 Linux/FreeBSD/OS X Unix 下你可以[使用 killall 命令通过名字杀死进程或是 jobID 而不是通过 PID][12]
|
||||
在 Linux/FreeBSD/OS X Unix 下你也可以[使用 killall 命令通过名字杀死进程或是 jobID 而不是通过 PID][12]
|
||||
|
||||
#### #7 为什么当我登出后 shell 会清除我的所有后台 jobs ####
|
||||
#### #7 为什么当我登出后 shell 会清除我的所有后台作业 ####
|
||||
|
||||
在这个例子中,我将会启动 pdfwriter.py 来生成[这个站点][13]散装地 pdf 文件:
|
||||
在这个例子中,我将会启动 pdfwriter.py 来批量生成[这个站点][13]的 pdf 文件:
|
||||
|
||||
~/scripts/www/pdfwriter.py --profile=faq --type=clean --header=logo\
|
||||
--footer-left "nixCraft is GIT UL++++ W+++ C++++ M+ e+++ d-" \
|
||||
@ -153,14 +152,14 @@ A brief description of each field is given below:
|
||||
$ disown
|
||||
$ exit
|
||||
|
||||
#### #8 使用一个名为 nohup 的外部命令阻止在登出时杀死 job ####
|
||||
#### #8 使用一个名为 nohup 的外部命令阻止在登出时杀死作业 ####
|
||||
|
||||
你也可以使用[nohup 命令在你退出 shell 后执行 jobs][15]:
|
||||
你也可以使用[nohup 命令在你退出 shell 后执行作业][15]:
|
||||
|
||||
$ nohup ~/scripts/www/pdfwriter.py --profile=faq .... &
|
||||
$ exit
|
||||
|
||||
#### #9: 查找最后 job 的 PID ####
|
||||
#### #9: 查找最后的作业的 PID ####
|
||||
|
||||
为了查找最近在后台执行的(异步)命令的进程ID，可使用 bash shell 的特殊参数 $!
|
||||
|
||||
@ -171,9 +170,9 @@ A brief description of each field is given below:
|
||||
|
||||
最近在后台执行的job 的PID - 9421
|
||||
|
||||
#### #10: 等候 job 完成 ####
|
||||
#### #10: 等候作业完成 ####
|
||||
|
||||
wait 命令会等候给予的进程ID 或 作业ID，然后报告它的终止状态。语法如下：
|
||||
wait 命令会等候给予的进程ID 或 作业ID指定的进程，然后报告它的终止状态。语法如下：
|
||||
|
||||
/path/to/large-job/command/foo &
|
||||
wait $!
|
||||
@ -217,7 +216,7 @@ wait 命令会等候给予的进程ID 或 作业ID，然后报告它的终止状
|
||||
|
||||
#### Linux 和 Unix 作业控制命令总结列表 ####
|
||||
|
||||
<table border="1"><tbody><tr><th>命令</th><th>描述</th><th>示例</th></tr><tr><td><kbd><strong>&</strong></kbd></td><td>将 job 置入后台</td><td><kbd>命令 &</kbd></td></tr><tr><td><kbd><strong>%n</strong></kbd></td><td>设置作业号为 n (数字)的 job</td><td><kbd>命令 %1</kbd></td></tr><tr><td><kbd><strong>%Word</strong></kbd></td><td>引用命令行开端包含 Word 的 job</td><td><kbd>命令 %yum</kbd></td></tr><tr><td><kbd><strong>%?Word</strong></kbd></td><td>引用命令行包含 Word 的 job</td><td><kbd>命令 %?ping</kbd></td></tr><tr><td><kbd><strong>%%</strong></kbd><br><kbd><strong>%+</strong></kbd></td><td>引用当前 job</td><td><kbd>kill %%<br>kill %+</kbd></td></tr><tr><td><kbd><strong>%-</strong></kbd></td><td>引用先前 job</td><td><kbd>bg %-</kbd></td></tr><tr><td><kbd><strong>CTRL-Z</strong><br><kbd><strong>kill -s stop jobID</strong></kbd></kbd></td><td>挂起或停止 job</td><td><kbd>kill -s stop %ping</kbd></td></tr><tr><td><kbd><strong>jobs</strong><br><kbd><strong>jobs -l</strong></kbd></kbd></td><td>列出活动的 jobs</td><td><kbd>jobs -l</kbd></td></tr><tr><td><kbd><strong>bg</strong></kbd></td><td>将 jobs 置入后台</td><td><kbd>bg %1<br>bg %ping</kbd></td></tr><tr><td><kbd><strong>fg</strong></kbd></td><td>将 job 置入前台</td><td><kbd>fg %2<br>fg %apt-get</kbd></td></tr></tbody></table>
|
||||
<table border="1"><tbody><tr><th>命令</th><th>描述</th><th>示例</th></tr><tr><td><kbd><strong>&</strong></kbd></td><td>将作业置入后台</td><td><kbd>命令 &</kbd></td></tr><tr><td><kbd><strong>%n</strong></kbd></td><td>设置作业号为 n (数字)的作业</td><td><kbd>命令 %1</kbd></td></tr><tr><td><kbd><strong>%Word</strong></kbd></td><td>引用命令行开端包含 Word 的作业</td><td><kbd>命令 %yum</kbd></td></tr><tr><td><kbd><strong>%?Word</strong></kbd></td><td>引用命令行包含 Word 的作业</td><td><kbd>命令 %?ping</kbd></td></tr><tr><td><kbd><strong>%%</strong></kbd><br><kbd><strong>%+</strong></kbd></td><td>引用当前作业</td><td><kbd>kill %%<br>kill %+</kbd></td></tr><tr><td><kbd><strong>%-</strong></kbd></td><td>引用先前作业</td><td><kbd>bg %-</kbd></td></tr><tr><td><kbd><strong>CTRL-Z</strong><br><kbd><strong>kill -s stop jobID</strong></kbd></kbd></td><td>挂起或停止作业</td><td><kbd>kill -s stop %ping</kbd></td></tr><tr><td><kbd><strong>jobs</strong><br><kbd><strong>jobs -l</strong></kbd></kbd></td><td>列出活动的作业</td><td><kbd>jobs -l</kbd></td></tr><tr><td><kbd><strong>bg</strong></kbd></td><td>将 作业置入后台</td><td><kbd>bg %1<br>bg %ping</kbd></td></tr><tr><td><kbd><strong>fg</strong></kbd></td><td>将作业置入前台</td><td><kbd>fg %2<br>fg %apt-get</kbd></td></tr></tbody></table>
|
||||
|
||||
#### 关于 shell 内置命令和外部命令的小注 ####
|
||||
|
||||
@ -252,7 +251,7 @@ wait 命令会等候给予的进程ID 或 作业ID，然后报告它的终止状
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.cyberciti.biz/howto/unix-linux-job-control-command-examples-for-bash-ksh-shell/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[Luoxcat](https://github.com/Luoxcat) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[Luoxcat](https://github.com/Luoxcat) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,20 +1,14 @@
|
||||
Linux cp 命令的15个示例 - 创建文件和目录的副本
|
||||
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
拷贝文件和目录是每一个操作系统的基本指令。备份行为基本上是创建文件和目录的副本。在Linux系统下，我们可以用**cp**命令来实现。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### copy 命令是什么 ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
正如我们在上文提到的，**cp**是一个用来创建文件和目录副本的命令。在这里我们提供了一些在日常操作中可能用到的cp命令的实例。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. 不带任何参数下，运行cp ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
这是 cp 命令最基础的使用。 拷贝名为 myfile.txt 从一个位置到另一个位置，我们可以像这样子输入：
|
||||
|
||||
$ cp myfile.txt /home/pungki/office
|
||||
@ -53,7 +47,7 @@ Linux cp 命令的15个示例 - 创建文件和目录的副本
|
||||
如果你收到错误信息，则目录不会被拷贝到目标文件夹。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 4. 创建文件的硬链接，而不是拷贝它们####
|
||||
#### 4. 创建文件的硬链接，而不是拷贝它们####
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -103,7 +97,8 @@ Linux cp 命令的15个示例 - 创建文件和目录的副本
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### 6. 不随符号链接拷贝原文件 #####[译注:意思是只拷贝符号链接文件]
|
||||
#### 6. 不随符号链接拷贝原文件 ####
|
||||
[译注:意思是只拷贝符号链接文件]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
我们可以用 **-P** 选项来实现。当对符号链接使用 cp 命令，它会照原样拷贝它自身。来看看下面的示例。
|
||||
@ -37,11 +37,12 @@ Linux基金会是一个非营利性组织，意在推动Linux的成长和协调
|
||||
###
|
||||
|
||||
注册商标：The Linux Foundation, Linux Standard Base, MeeGo, OpenDaylight, Tizen和Yocto Project都属于Linux基金会的注册商标。OpenBEL是OpenBEL集团的注册商标。Linux是Linus Torvalds的注册商标。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.linuxfoundation.org/news-media/announcements/2014/02/2014-linux-jobs-report-demand-linux-expertise-drives-hiring
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[Mr小眼儿](http://blog.csdn.net/tinyeyeser) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[Mr小眼儿](http://blog.csdn.net/tinyeyeser) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ Nokto 没有自己的图标集，但它是一个很漂亮的黑色主题。要
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://itsfoss.com/best-themes-ubuntu-1310/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[runningwater](https://github.com/runningwater) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[runningwater](https://github.com/runningwater) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
135
published/201403/9 Killer Tips To Speed Up Ubuntu 13.10.md
Normal file
135
published/201403/9 Killer Tips To Speed Up Ubuntu 13.10.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
|
||||
九大绝招让你在老机器上加速运行 Ubuntu Linux
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
不管你的Ubuntu 13.10系统是重新安装的或是从以前旧版本升级的，在使用了一段时间后，你应该会感觉到系统开始变慢。在这篇文章中，我们将了解到一些**让你的Ubuntu运行得更快的技巧**。
|
||||
|
||||
在我们动手提高Ubuntu 13.10的整体系统性能之前，先思考下为什么系统会随着时间变慢。这里可能有很多原因，比如，你可能有一台简单设置了一下的低配电脑，你可能安装了很多在开机时吃掉系统资源的应用程序。实际上有各种理由。
|
||||
|
||||
在这里列出了一些小技巧，能帮你提高一点Ubuntu的速度。还有一些很好的技巧，可以用来提高系统性能，让系统运行更流畅。你可以选择尝试所有技巧或者其中的一部分，他们每一个都可以让你的Ubuntu更流畅，更敏捷，更迅速。
|
||||
|
||||
### 让Ubuntu 13.10运行更快的技巧: ###
|
||||
|
||||
我已经在我的Ubuntu 13.10上应用过这些技巧，但是我相信它们同样可以应用在旧版本的Ubuntu系统上，或者其他基于Ubuntu的Linux发行版，比如：Linux Mint，Elementary OS Luna等等。
|
||||
|
||||
### 减少grub默认的引导等待时间：###
|
||||
|
||||
grub默认会给你10秒钟时间来选择要引导的系统或是进入恢复模式，这对于我来说太长了。这意味着你得呆在电脑边上按下确认键来立刻引导Ubuntu。是不是觉得有点浪费时间？第一个小技巧就是改变引导等待时间。如果你更喜欢GUI工具，可以阅读这篇文章[通过Grub Customizer调整grub等待时间和引导顺序][1]。
|
||||
|
||||
对其他人来说，只需要通过下面的简单命令来打开grub配置文件：
|
||||
|
||||
sudo gedit /etc/default/grub &
|
||||
|
||||
把**GRUB_TIMEOUT=10**改为**GRUB_TIMEOUT=2**，这样就可以把引导等待时间改成2秒。最好不要改成0，因为这样你就不能选择其他操作系统或者恢复模式了。在修改完成后，用下面的命令使改动生效：
|
||||
|
||||
sudo update-grub
|
||||
|
||||
### 管理开机启动应用程序： ###
|
||||
|
||||
慢慢的你开始安装各种应用程序。如果你是It’s FOSS的读者，你可能安装了许多[本周最佳应用程序][2]系列里推荐的应用。这里面很多应用都会开机启动，程序运行肯定会要消耗系统资源，结果就是：一台每次开机都要很长时间的缓慢启动。打开Unity Dash，然后找到**启动应用**：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
在里面，检查一下那些开机启动的程序，考虑一下哪些是你觉得没有必要每次开机都启动的程序，然后尽情地移除吧。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
万一你不想从开机启动列表里移除程序呢？比如说，你安装了[Ubuntu 13.10里最好的提示插件][3]里推荐的程序，你希望它们可以在每次开机时都自动启动。这种情况可以这样处理，为应用程序的启动设定一个等待时间。这样，你可以缓解一点启动时的资源占用，而你的应用程序仍然会自动启动，不是是在一段时间后。在前一张图中，点击Edit，然后在运行的命令中加入一个等待。例如，如果你想延迟20秒再启动Dropbox提示，只需要在当前的命令前面**增加一条命令**：
|
||||
|
||||
sleep 20;
|
||||
|
||||
这样，命令‘**dropbox start -i**‘变成了‘**sleep 20; dropbox start -i**‘。这就意味着Dropbox的启动会有20秒延迟。你可以像这样为其他开机启动的应用程序设置一个等待时间。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 安装preload来加速应用程序加载时间： ###
|
||||
|
||||
Preload是个后台程序，会分析用户的行为和常用的程序。打开终端，用下面的命令安装preload：
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install preload
|
||||
|
||||
安装完后重启电脑，然后就可以把它忘了，它会在后台运行。[[更多关于preload的信息][4]]
|
||||
|
||||
### 选择最快的软件升级镜像服务器： ###
|
||||
|
||||
最好检查一下自己用来升级软件的镜像服务器是最快的。Ubuntu软件仓库在全球各地都有镜像服务器，建议选择一个离自己最近的。这样可以减少从服务器下载升级包的时间，所以软件升级会更快。
|
||||
|
||||
在**软件与更新->Ubuntu 软件->下载地址**里选择**其它**，然后点击**使用最快的服务器**：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
系统会自动测试并告诉你哪个镜像服务器是最快的。通常来说，系统默认会选择最快的镜像服务器，但是，检查一下总是没有坏处。不过，如果保存升级包的距离最近的镜像服务器并没有经常保持同步的话，获取更新的时候可能会有点延时。对于网络连接速度比较慢的人来说，这个方法很有用。你可以在文章[加速Ubuntu的WIFI速度][5]里更深入地了解这些提示
|
||||
|
||||
### 用apt-fast代替apt-get来加速更新： ###
|
||||
|
||||
apt-fast是用来代替“apt-get”的的一个shell脚本程序，它通过多线程的方式改善了更新和下载安装包的速度。如果你经常用终端和apt-get来安装和升级软件的话，可以试试apt-fast。用下面的命令通过官方PPA安装apt-fast：
|
||||
|
||||
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:apt-fast/stable
|
||||
sudo apt-get update
|
||||
sudo apt-get install apt-fast
|
||||
|
||||
### 从apt-get更新中移除语言相关的可忽略的包： ###
|
||||
|
||||
你有没有注意过sudo apt-get update的输出？里面有三类标志，**hit**，**ign**和**get**。你可以在[这里][6]了解它们的含义。检查一下包含IGN的行，你会发现它们大多数都是语言翻译相关的。如果你所有的程序和安装包都是英文的，那完全没有必要检查从英文到英文的安装包数据库。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你跳过apt-get的语言相关的更新，能够轻微地提高apt-get update的速度。想这样做的话，在终端里输入下面的命令：
|
||||
|
||||
sudo gedit /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/00aptitude
|
||||
|
||||
然后在文件末尾加入下面这行：
|
||||
|
||||
Acquire::Languages "none";
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 减少系统过热： ###
|
||||
|
||||
如今，过热是计算机的一个普遍问题，一台过热的电脑运行得非常缓慢。如果你的CPU风扇跑得像尤塞恩.博尔特一样快的话，可能会需要超长的时间来打开一个程序。在Ubuntu 13.10中有两个工具可以帮助减少系统过热来实现更好的系统性能，TLP和CPUFREQ。
|
||||
|
||||
通过下面的终端命令来安装使用TLP：
|
||||
|
||||
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:linrunner/tlp
|
||||
sudo apt-get update
|
||||
sudo apt-get install tlp tlp-rdw
|
||||
sudo tlp start
|
||||
|
||||
在安装完TLP后不需要做其他额外的事情，它会在后台运行。用下面的命令安装CPUFREQ提示工具：
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install indicator-cpufreq
|
||||
|
||||
然后重启电脑，然后选择CPUFREQ的**Powersave**模式：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 调整LibreOffice让它运行更快： ###
|
||||
|
||||
如果你经常使用办公软件，那你应该会想调整一下默认的LibreOffice，让它运行得更快些。这里会调整一下内存选项。打开LibreOffice，然后选择**工具->选项**，然后在左边栏里选择**内存**，并激活**系统加速器**来增加内存占用。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
你可以看一下[如何加速LibreOffice][7]了解更多的细节。
|
||||
|
||||
### 使用软件的轻量替代： ###
|
||||
|
||||
这个更像是推荐和喜好。有些系统默认或流行的软件都需要占用大量系统资源，这并不适合一般的低配置电脑。这种情况下，你可以选择使用这些软件的一些替代程序。比如，用[AppGrid][8]来替代Ubuntu Software Center；用[Gdebi][9]来安装软件；用AbiWord来代替LibreOffice Writer等等。
|
||||
|
||||
这些就是我搜集的**让Ubuntu 13.10运行更快**的技巧。我相信这些小技巧可以整体提升系统性能表现。你是否也有一些隐藏的技巧来**加速Ubuntu 13.10**？这些小技巧对你是不是有帮助？请和大家分享你的看法，随时欢迎提出任何问题或建议，不要吝啬留下你的评论。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://itsfoss.com/speed-up-ubuntu-1310/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[zpl1025](https://github.com/zpl1025) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://itsfoss.com/windows-default-os-dual-boot-ubuntu-1304-easy/
|
||||
[2]:http://itsfoss.com/tag/app-of-the-week/
|
||||
[3]:http://itsfoss.com/7-best-indicator-applets-for-ubuntu-13-10/
|
||||
[4]:http://itsfoss.com/improve-application-startup-speed-with-preload-in-ubuntu/
|
||||
[5]:http://itsfoss.com/speed-up-slow-wifi-connection-ubuntu/
|
||||
[6]:http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=231300
|
||||
[7]:http://itsfoss.com/speed-libre-office-simple-trick/
|
||||
[8]:http://itsfoss.com/app-grid-lighter-alternative-ubuntu-software-center/
|
||||
[9]:http://itsfoss.com/install-deb-files-easily-and-quickly-in-ubuntu-12-10-quick-tip/
|
||||
@ -4,9 +4,9 @@
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
比如，要拷贝高亮的文本，我们使用‘**y**‘命令，并用‘x‘来剪切。但是，**vim**剪切板的内容默认上(不是**gVim**)不能被其他的vim示例访问。
|
||||
比如，要拷贝高亮的文本，我们使用‘**y**’命令，并用‘x’来剪切。但是，**vim**(不是**gVim**)剪切板的内容默认情况下是不能被其他的vim实例访问的。
|
||||
|
||||
Vim使用‘**+**‘寄存器指向系统剪切板。你可以运行‘**vim –version**‘，如果你看不到像“**+xterm_clipboard**”和“**xterm_clipboard**“，那么内部剪切板将不能被外部**vim**访问。
|
||||
Vim版本信息中使用‘**+**’表示启用了系统剪切板。你可以运行‘**vim –version**’，如果你看不到像“**+xterm_clipboard**”而是显示“**xterm_clipboard**“，那么会使用内部剪切板，其将不能被其它的**vim**实例访问。
|
||||
|
||||
### 安装gvim和parcellite ###
|
||||
|
||||
@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Vim使用‘**+**‘寄存器指向系统剪切板。你可以运行‘**vim
|
||||
|
||||
# yum install -y gvim
|
||||
|
||||
下面启用[RPMForge 仓库][1]安装**parcellite** 包。Parcellite是一款轻量级，小巧而免费的Linux剪切板管理工具。
|
||||
然后，使用[RPMForge 仓库][1]安装**parcellite** 包。Parcellite是一款轻量级，小巧而免费的Linux剪切板管理工具。
|
||||
|
||||
# yum install -y parcellite
|
||||
|
||||
@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ Vim使用‘**+**‘寄存器指向系统剪切板。你可以运行‘**vim
|
||||
|
||||
这个alias是内置的用于将一些命令绕到其他命令上。这样每次当vim命令运行时，相应的别名会启动默认带剪切板的gVim。
|
||||
|
||||
现在，用类似的方式编辑你的‘**.vimrc**‘文件(以防你没有 **.vimrc**文件，生成这样一个文件然后再回来)。
|
||||
现在，用类似的方式编辑你的‘**.vimrc**’文件(以防你没有 **.vimrc**文件，生成这样一个文件然后再回来)。
|
||||
|
||||
# vim ~/.vimrc
|
||||
|
||||
@ -78,13 +78,13 @@ Vim使用‘**+**‘寄存器指向系统剪切板。你可以运行‘**vim
|
||||
|
||||
autocmd VimLeave * call system("echo -n $'" . escape(getreg(), "'") . "' | xsel -ib")
|
||||
|
||||
现在在vim中打开任何文件并高亮部分文本(使用'v'命令)并按下'y'。尝试在vim外面的任何地方粘帖(关闭之后或者不用关闭vim)，你就完成了。
|
||||
现在在vim中打开任何文件并高亮部分文本(使用'v'命令)并按下'y'。尝试在vim外面的任何地方粘帖(关不关vim都行)，你就发现vim里面复制的内容被粘帖出来了。
|
||||
|
||||
### 生成 .vimrc 文件 ###
|
||||
### 附：生成 .vimrc 文件 ###
|
||||
|
||||
运行下面的命令来生成**.vimrc**文件（如果你已做了就跳过这部分）。
|
||||
|
||||
# cd [This will put you in home directory]
|
||||
# cd [返回到你的主目录]
|
||||
# vim .vimrc
|
||||
|
||||
在vim中在按下ESC键后运行下面的命令（在vim中，每个命令是在按下ESC键后也就是带你进入命令模式后运行的）。
|
||||
@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ Vim使用‘**+**‘寄存器指向系统剪切板。你可以运行‘**vim
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.tecmint.com/accessing-clipboard-contents-across-multiple-instances-of-vim-from-terminal/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
|
||||
Ubuntu 14.04中的经典菜单插件重燃GNOME 2旧情
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
**有很多用户对Unity桌面并不满意，他们认为GNOME 2菜单的解决方案才是正确的道路。经典菜单插件提供了一个可能让所有人满意的妥协**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Unity可能是排在首位的被用户反对Ubuntu的功能，即使用户量正在不断增加，而且更多的用户开始用它，仍然有不少用户偏好GNOME 2中的菜单显示。
|
||||
|
||||
这也是“MATE”桌面环境为什么产生以及其他桌面环境尝试重建GNOME 2方法的原因。现在，如果你能至少对替代左上角的左上角菜单按钮的样子有所妥协，你可能会享受经典菜单插件带来的愉悦之感。
|
||||
|
||||
好消息是，经典菜单插件的开发者也为即将到来的Ubuntu 14.04(Trusty Tahr)制作了一个小应用。如果你恰好正在用Ubuntu 14.04的development build，这个插件将会在你的系统中完美运行。
|
||||
|
||||
你有两种方法来安装经典菜单插件，一是运行提供的deb文件，二是使用提供的PPA。我们建议你使用第二种添加PPA的做法，因为通过添加PPA，用户可以摆脱手动安装，及时收到此应用的将来的更新。打开终端输入以下命令(需要有root权限)：
|
||||
|
||||
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:diesch/testing
|
||||
sudo apt-get update
|
||||
sudo apt-get install classicmenu-indicator
|
||||
|
||||
当安装成功后（应该用不了多久），你可以从Dash中运行这个插件。幸运的是，此插件会自动将自己纳入开机启动的列表，因此你不需要手动添加它。
|
||||
|
||||
前几天此插件有一个更新，不过并没有什么高大上的新功能，而且很多只是对界面的修改。比如对经典菜单的子目录中的文字显示的修复，还通过更改配置增加了一些菜单项目。
|
||||
|
||||
最新版本的经典菜单插件也实现了一个有意思的变化，就是通过使用Xfce解决了一些没有Unity的发行版(例如Xubuntu)的老问题。
|
||||
|
||||
你也可以在官方网站上获取更多关于此[更新][1]的细节.
|
||||
|
||||
###下载经典菜单插件0.09:###
|
||||
|
||||
- [classicmenu-indicator_0.09_all.deb][2][ubuntu_deb] [21.80 KB]
|
||||
- [classicmenu-indicator-0.09.tar.gz][3][sources] [54.40 KB]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/ClassicMenu-Indicator-Rekindles-Old-GNOME-2-Feeling-in-Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-431399.shtml
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[ThomazL](https://github.com/ThomazL) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.florian-diesch.de/software/classicmenu-indicator/changes.html
|
||||
[2]:http://www.florian-diesch.de/software/classicmenu-indicator/dist/classicmenu-indicator_0.09_all.deb
|
||||
[3]:http://www.florian-diesch.de/software/classicmenu-indicator/dist/classicmenu-indicator-0.09.tar.gz
|
||||
@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
|
||||
在 Linux 下用 mkdir 命令来创建目录和子目录
|
||||
|
||||
==============================================================================
|
||||
了解了用 ls 命令在目录中列出条目后，现在我们要学习在 Linux 系统下创建目录。在 Linux 下，我们可以使用 **mkdir** 命令。Mkdir 是“make directory” 的缩写词。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
|
||||
每日 Ubuntu 小技巧——英特尔图形安装程序 1.0.3 发布，支持 Ubuntu 13.10
|
||||
每日 Ubuntu 小技巧——Intel图形安装程序 1.0.3 发布，支持 Ubuntu 13.10
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
对于那些使用因特尔显卡台式机或者笔记本来运行 Ubuntu Linux 13.10 的用户来说，有件事可能想要完成——安装 Linux 版本的因特尔图形安装程序。
|
||||
对于那些使用Intel显卡台式机或者笔记本来运行 Ubuntu Linux 13.10 的用户来说，有件事可能想要完成——安装 Linux 版本的Intel图形安装程序。
|
||||
|
||||
Linux 版本的英特尔图形安装程序允许用户方便地安装最新的英特尔图形和视频驱动程序。直到最近，仍不支持 Ubuntu 13.10。
|
||||
Linux 版本的Intel图形安装程序允许用户方便地安装最新的Intel图形和视频驱动程序。现在之前，仍不支持 Ubuntu 13.10。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你想保持目前英特尔卡在你机器中的最新驱动程序，你可能需要这个安装程序。它能增强、优化并提供英特尔图形硬件最好的用户体验。
|
||||
如果你想保持目前Intel卡在你机器中的最新驱动程序，你可能需要这个安装程序。它能增强、优化并提供Intel图形硬件最好的用户体验。
|
||||
|
||||
[https://01.org/linuxgraphics/downloads/2013/intelr-graphics-installer-1.0.3-linux][1]
|
||||
访问官网：[https://01.org/linuxgraphics/downloads/2013/intelr-graphics-installer-1.0.3-linux][1]
|
||||
|
||||
### 在 Ubuntu 中安装英特尔图形安装程序 ###
|
||||
### 在 Ubuntu 中安装Intel图形安装程序 ###
|
||||
|
||||
如果你确定你的计算机有英特尔图形卡，而且你正在运行的版本是 Ubuntu 13.10，继续下面的学习如何安装这个包，
|
||||
如果你确定你的计算机有Intel图形卡，而且你正在运行的版本是 Ubuntu 13.10，继续下面的学习如何安装这个包，
|
||||
|
||||
有些用户安装和配置驱动程序包后曾造成系统问题，所以你应该在安装前持谨慎态度，并备份你的系统。当你完成后，执行下面的命令来下载32位版本的软件包。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -33,11 +33,11 @@ Linux 版本的英特尔图形安装程序允许用户方便地安装最新的
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
为了让你的系统信任英特尔图形安装程序，您必须运行下面命令来添加 key 到 Ubuntu 的软件库中。
|
||||
为了让你的系统信任Intel图形安装程序，您必须运行下面命令来添加 key 到 Ubuntu 的软件库中。
|
||||
|
||||
wget --no-check-certificate https://download.01.org/gfx/RPM-GPG-KEY-ilg -O - | sudo apt-key add -
|
||||
|
||||
就这么简单。如果你按照以上步骤做了，你的机器应该能正确运行英特尔驱动程序。如果不是，可能是你的显卡不兼容，或者是不支持。
|
||||
就这么简单。如果你按照以上步骤做了，你的机器应该能正确运行Intel驱动程序。如果不是，可能是你的显卡不兼容，或者是不支持。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
||||
每日 Ubuntu 小技巧——Linux Kernel 3.12.7发布，让我教你怎样在 Ubuntu 中升级
|
||||
每日 Ubuntu 小技巧：怎样在Ubuntu升级新的 Linux Kernel 3.12.7
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
Linux Kernel 版本3.12.7主线已经发布了，而这篇简短教程将会向你展示怎样简单地在 Ubuntu 中升级。如果你正好运行 Ubuntu 13.10 或者更低版本，还碰巧你的系统还不是安装最新的内核，读完吧。
|
||||
@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ Linux Kernel 是 linux 操作系统的核心，包括了 Ubuntu。内核使 Ubun
|
||||
sudo apt-get remove linux-headers-3.12.7-* linux-image-3.13.7-*
|
||||
|
||||
好好享受吧！
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.liberiangeek.net/2014/01/daily-ubuntu-tips-linux-kernel-3-12-7-released-heres-how-to-upgrade-in-ubuntu/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
|
||||
Ubuntu 14.04 壁纸大赛5幅最佳图片
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
**在最后期限的一个星期前, Ubuntu 14.04壁纸大赛收到了惊人的提交，人人都抢着争做Ubuntu的默认安装图片**
|
||||
|
||||
在三月上旬在面板上选择他们的最爱之前，我已经自己整个翻找了一遍。
|
||||
|
||||
下面这些突出的选择是否会被选中进入Trusty Tahr是题外话；这些都是一些精彩的截图值得放在任何人的桌面上。
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. boat2 ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Christos Kyriazidis 的 boat2
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. 雾中日出 ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Brian Fox的雾中日出
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. IMGP8932 ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Eduardo Diez Viñuela的IMGP8832
|
||||
|
||||
### 4. 旅行 ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Goldenfox的旅行
|
||||
|
||||
### 5. 翠鸟 ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Gilberto Fotos的翠鸟
|
||||
|
||||
### 最好的猫作品 ###
|
||||
|
||||
作为我们的一个传统,我们同样突出了一个猫主题的提交。为什么？因为猫太酷了，呦！值得庆幸的是（是的，在可爱的小猫之间选择总是很困难的）这是今年仅有的一张猫科动物作品。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Hjalte Nielsen的棕色的猫
|
||||
|
||||
但是谁在乎我们这里的惊讶！-作品池里的哪幅作品你希望成为默认图片？
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/02/ubuntu-14-04-wallpaper-picks
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:
|
||||
[2]:
|
||||
[3]:
|
||||
[4]:
|
||||
[5]:
|
||||
[6]:
|
||||
[7]:
|
||||
[8]:
|
||||
[9]:
|
||||
[10]:
|
||||
[11]:
|
||||
[12]:
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
|
||||
Linux 系统实时监控的瑞士军刀 —— Glances
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
早些时候，我们提到过有很多可以用来监视系统性能的 Linux [系统监视工具][1]。
|
||||
但我们估计，或许更多的用户会倾向与绝大多数 Linux 发行版都带的工具 （**top** 命令）。
|
||||
|
||||
[top 命令][2]是 Linux 下的一个实时任务管理器，
|
||||
同时也是用于在 **GNU/Linux** 发行版中寻找系统性能方面的瓶颈，并帮助我们作出正确操作的常用系统监视工具。
|
||||
她有着一个极为简洁的界面，并自带少量的可以帮助我们快速了解系统性能的实用选项。
|
||||
|
||||
但是，有些时候想要通过她寻找一个占用系统资源比较大的应用或进程可能会比较困难。
|
||||
因为 top 命令本身并不会帮助我们高亮那些吃太多 **CPU**，**内存**，或者其他资源的程序。
|
||||
|
||||
为了达到这个目标，这里我们将介绍一款超牛逼的系统监视程序 —— **Glances**。
|
||||
她可以自动高亮利用最高系统资源的程序，并为 Linux/Unix 服务器提供尽可能多的信息。
|
||||
|
||||
### 什么是 Glances？ ###
|
||||
|
||||
**Glances** 是一个由 Python 编写，使用 **psutil** 库来从系统抓取信息的基于 curses 开发的跨平台命令行系统监视工具。
|
||||
通过 Glances，我们可以监视 **CPU，平均负载，内存，网络流量，磁盘 I/O，其他处理器** 和 **文件系统** 空间的利用情况。
|
||||
|
||||
Glances 是一个用来监视 **GNU/Linux** 和 **FreeBSD** 操作系统的 **GPL** 授权的自由软件。
|
||||
|
||||
Glances 同时也提供了很多实用的选项。
|
||||
其中我们能够在配置文件见到的一项主要的功能就是设置关键值及相应的标签 （**careful[小心]**, **warning[警告]** 和 **critical[严重]**），
|
||||
然后她会自动帮我们用不同颜色标出系统达到某个瓶颈的信息。
|
||||
|
||||
### Glances 主要功能 ###
|
||||
|
||||
- CPU 信息 （用户的相关应用, 系统核心程序和空闲程序）
|
||||
- 总内存信息，包括了物理内存，交换空间和空闲内存等等
|
||||
- 之前的 1 分钟、5 分钟和 15 分钟平均的 CPU 负载
|
||||
- 网络链接的下行和上行速度
|
||||
- 处理器总数，以及其活动状态
|
||||
- 硬盘 I/O 相关（读写）速度详情
|
||||
- 当前挂载设备的磁盘使用情况
|
||||
- 高 CPU 和内存使用的进程名，和相关应用的位置
|
||||
- 在底部显示当前日期和时间
|
||||
- 将消耗最高系统资源的进程用红色标出
|
||||
|
||||
下面是一个 Glances 的使用截图：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 在 Linux/Unix 系统中安装 Glances ###
|
||||
|
||||
虽然这个工具的发布比较晚，但你仍然可以在 **Red Hat** 系的系统中通过 [EPEL 软件源][3]安装。在终端用下面的命令安装：
|
||||
|
||||
#### 对于 RHEL/CentOS/Fedora 发行版 ####
|
||||
|
||||
# yum install -y glances
|
||||
|
||||
#### 对于 Debian/Ubuntu/Linux Mint 发行版 ####
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-add-repository ppa:arnaud-hartmann/glances-stable
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get update
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install glances
|
||||
|
||||
### 如何使用 Glances ###
|
||||
|
||||
首先，你需要在终端中输入以下命令
|
||||
|
||||
# glances
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
按下 ‘**q**‘ （‘**ESC**‘ 和 ‘**Ctrl-C**‘ 也可以） 退出 Glances 终端。
|
||||
这里是从 **CentOS 6.5** 截取的另一张截图：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Glances 的默认刷新频率是 **1** （秒），但是你可以通过在终端指定参数来手动定义其刷新频率
|
||||
|
||||
# glances -t 2
|
||||
|
||||
### Glances 中颜色的含义 ###
|
||||
|
||||
Glances 会用一下几种颜色来代表状态：
|
||||
|
||||
- 绿色：OK（一切正常）
|
||||
- 蓝色：CAREFUL（需要注意）
|
||||
- 紫色：WARNING（警告）
|
||||
- 红色：CRITICAL（严重）
|
||||
|
||||
阀值可以在配置文件中设置，一般阀值被默认设置为（**careful=50**、**warning=70**、**critical=90**）。
|
||||
|
||||
我们可以按照自己的需求在配置文件（默认在 **/etc/glances/glances.conf**）中自定义。
|
||||
|
||||
### Glances 的选项 ###
|
||||
|
||||
除了很多命令行选项之外，Glances 还提供了更多的可在其运行时开关输出信息选项的**快捷键**，下面是一些例子：
|
||||
|
||||
- a – 对进程自动排序
|
||||
- c – 按 CPU 百分比对进程排序
|
||||
- m – 按内存百分比对进程排序
|
||||
- p – 按进程名字母顺序对进程排序
|
||||
- i – 按读写频率（I/O）对进程排序
|
||||
- d – 显示/隐藏磁盘 I/O 统计信息
|
||||
- f – 显示/隐藏文件系统统计信息
|
||||
- n – 显示/隐藏网络接口统计信息
|
||||
- s – 显示/隐藏传感器统计信息
|
||||
- y – 显示/隐藏硬盘温度统计信息
|
||||
- l – 显示/隐藏日志（log）
|
||||
- b – 切换网络 I/O 单位（Bytes/bits）
|
||||
- w – 删除警告日志
|
||||
- x – 删除警告和严重日志
|
||||
- 1 – 切换全局 CPU 使用情况和每个 CPU 的使用情况
|
||||
- h – 显示/隐藏这个帮助画面
|
||||
- t – 以组合形式浏览网络 I/O
|
||||
- u – 以累计形式浏览网络 I/O
|
||||
- q – 退出（‘**ESC**‘ 和 ‘**Ctrl&C**‘ 也可以）
|
||||
|
||||
### 远程使用 Glances ###
|
||||
|
||||
你甚至也可以通过 Glances 来监视远程系统。
|
||||
要在远程系统使用 ‘**glances**’，需要在服务器运行 ‘**glances -s**’（-s 启动服务器/客户端模式）命令。
|
||||
|
||||
# glances -s
|
||||
|
||||
Define the password for the Glances server
|
||||
Password:
|
||||
Password (confirm):
|
||||
Glances server is running on 0.0.0.0:61209
|
||||
|
||||
**注意**：当你执行了‘**glances**’命令后，她会让你为 Glances 服务器设置密码。
|
||||
|
||||
当你设置完毕，你将看到 “Glances server is running on 0.0.0.0:61209” （Glances 服务器正在 0.0.0.0 的 61209 端口运行）的消息。
|
||||
|
||||
当 Glances 服务器启动后，到本地执行下面的命令来指定服务器IP地址或主机名以链接。
|
||||
|
||||
注：这里的 ‘**172.16.27.56**’ 是我 Glances 服务器的 IP 地址。
|
||||
|
||||
# glances -c -P 172.16.27.56
|
||||
|
||||
下面是一些在使用服务器/客户端模式时必须知道的事情：
|
||||
|
||||
* 在服务器模式，你可以通过 `-B 地址` 来设置绑定地址，也可以通过 `-p 端口` 来绑定监听的 TCP 端口
|
||||
* 在客户端模式，你可以通过同样的 `-p 端口` 来指定服务器端口
|
||||
* 默认的绑定地址是 0.0.0.0，但这么做会监听所有网络接口的指定端口
|
||||
* 在服务器/客户端模式下，限制的阀值将由服务器的设置决定
|
||||
* 你也可以在命令行下用过 `-P 密码` 的方式来为服务器端设置一个密码
|
||||
|
||||
### 总结 ###
|
||||
|
||||
**Glances** 对于大多用户而言是个在系统资源上提供过多信息的工具。但是如果你是一个想要仅从命令行就能快速获取系统整体状况的系统管理员，那这个工具绝对是你的必备利器。
|
||||
|
||||
### 译者注 ###
|
||||
|
||||
1. 请不要将 glances（本文中的工具）和 glance（一个 OpenStack 的工具）这两个包搞混了
|
||||
2. Ubuntu 官方 Extra 源中的 glances 因为 python 库移动的问题导致无法正常使用
|
||||
但可以通过建立软链接的方式临时修复：sudo ln -s /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/glances /usr/share/pyshared/glances
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.tecmint.com/glances-an-advanced-real-time-system-monitoring-tool-for-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[VizV](https://github.com/vizv) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.tecmint.com/command-line-tools-to-monitor-linux-performance/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.tecmint.com/12-top-command-examples-in-linux/
|
||||
[3]:http://www.tecmint.com/how-to-enable-epel-repository-for-rhel-centos-6-5/
|
||||
64
published/201403/Hardware, software, standards.md
Normal file
64
published/201403/Hardware, software, standards.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
|
||||
COOVA：硬件，软件和标准
|
||||
--------------------------------------------
|
||||
Coova背后的理念非常简单：给你提供可以用来管理与访问自己WiFi网络的开源并免费的工具与服务，你可以有最大的自由度去使用它们。我们的哲学就是：你不需要使用任何特别的硬件（如[FON][1]或者[Meraki][2]）或软件（如[Whisher][3]）。从本质上来说，Coova是开放并且基于标准的，也就是说它可以兼容尽可能广泛的硬件，协议与服务。Coova将“[Carrier][4]”的grade特色与服务带向了开源界与服务界。它也让笨拙的router更智能了一点--废物利用很不错，不是吗？
|
||||
|
||||
在Coova中，你可以根据你要构建的网络的种类与你访问这些网络的方式来挑选你需要的软件与服务。下面是一些Coova技术的典型应用：
|
||||
|
||||
#### 使用[CoovaAP][5]来简化[CoovaChilli][6]（或[WiFiDog][7]）的配置：
|
||||
|
||||
* 使用或者不适用CoovaAAA服务，
|
||||
* 使用RADIUS或者本机定义的用户，
|
||||
* 使用定制的“内部”入网门户，或者
|
||||
* 配置使用你自己的门户或者使用RADIUS服务。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 在[CoovaAP][5]或者你自己的固件或者服务器中使用[CoovaChilli][6]，以实现如下功能：
|
||||
|
||||
* 使用CoovaAAA或者其他门户/RADIUS服务，加强入网门户和身份认证，
|
||||
* 与多种商业服务协调工作（具体询问供应商），
|
||||
* 与802.1X身份认证整合以提供账号与访问限制。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 使用[CoovaAAA][8]管理你的网络的访问：
|
||||
|
||||
* 使用CoovaChilli/AP入网门户，
|
||||
* 使用打过补丁的WiFiDog入网门户，
|
||||
* 使用[你自己的入网门户][9]（不需要高级编程），
|
||||
* 使用我们的Facebook或者标准入网门户应用，
|
||||
* 使用商业访问控制器（如Colubris），或者
|
||||
* 使用任何支持WPA Enterprise/802.1X（如AirPort Extreme）的router.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 使用和共享你的[CoovaAAA][8]控制下的网络：
|
||||
|
||||
* 使用一个账户既登陆你的入网门户也登陆你的安全WPA Enterprise网络（使用任何支持802.1X的设备，如你的笔记本电脑或者Nokia手机）
|
||||
* 在任何与你共享过的[CoovaAAA][8]地点使用你的账号，
|
||||
* 选择性给你要共享的个人或者全体共享你的网络，或者
|
||||
* 依照[OpenID][10]登陆或者Facebook粉丝/朋友共享网络。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 在Firefox或者你的手机上各自使用[CoovaFX][11]与[CoovaSX][12]，来通过WISPr标准登陆一个入网门户和一个预先配置好的账号。WISPr被CoovaAAA，绝大部分的商业访问控制器和服务供应商支持。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 使用[JRadius][13]为你的网络编写你自己的RADIUS设置逻辑。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你正在构建一个WiFi网络，但在本网站上未找到任何可以帮助你的信息，那你可能看得不够用心。虽然已经说过，我们确实承认我们需要更多的文档。正因为如此，我们呼吁研发与用户社区在wiki，[论坛][14]和[mailing lists][15]上给我们提供帮助。注意：我们确实关闭了一些页面来阻止SPAM（垃圾邮件）来创建新的页面或者在mailing lists中请求获得更多的权限。
|
||||
|
||||
我们也希望听到更多的关于你如何使用或者在何处使用Coova的消息。实际上，我的一个朋友最近正在多米尼亚共和国度假，他很惊奇地发现在宾馆中可以找到Coova的信号。他们为他们的WiFi采用了CoovaAP技术。像这样的故事非常棒，请让他们出现在论坛中！
|
||||
|
||||
__________________________________________________________________________
|
||||
via: http://coova.org/node/133
|
||||
译者： [Hao-Ding](https://github.com/Hao-Ding) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]: https://corp.fon.com/en
|
||||
[2]: https://meraki.cisco.com/
|
||||
[3]: http://www.whisher.com/
|
||||
[4]: https://meraki.cisco.com/blog/2008/04/new-carrier-services/
|
||||
[5]: http://coova.org/CoovaAP
|
||||
[6]: http://coova.org/CoovaChilli
|
||||
[7]: http://dev.wifidog.org/
|
||||
[8]: http://coova.org/CoovaAAA
|
||||
[9]: http://coova.org/node/80
|
||||
[10]: http://coova.org/node/71
|
||||
[11]: http://www.coova.com/CoovaFX
|
||||
[12]: http://www.coova.com/CoovaSX
|
||||
[13]: http://coova.org/JRadius
|
||||
[14]: http://coova.org/forum/
|
||||
[15]: http://coova.org/MailingLists
|
||||
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
||||
2013年Facebook排名前9位的开源项目
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Facebook和开源项目之间的关系就像Jay-Z和碧昂丝一样 — 二者缺一不可
|
||||
Facebook和开源项目之间的关系就像Jay-Z和碧昂丝一样 —— 二者缺一不可
|
||||
|
||||
如果把Blue Ivy看作是后两者结合的产物的话，那么这个孩子就相当于Facebook的React, Rebound, HipHop, 以及其他的一些开源项目.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ Facebook和开源项目之间的关系就像Jay-Z和碧昂丝一样 — 二者
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://venturebeat.com/2013/12/20/here-are-facebooks-9-top-open-source-projects-from-2013/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[Linchenguang ](https://github.com/Linchenguang ) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@ -10,9 +10,7 @@
|
||||
|
||||
请确保您有使用此方法时在机器上处于root用户访问状态，因为**/etc/hosts文件**文件由root用户拥有的，所以它不能被不被普通用户编辑。
|
||||
|
||||
你需要在**/etc/hosts**文件中编辑什么那？
|
||||
|
||||
root权限和一个文本编辑器。
|
||||
编辑 **/etc/hosts** 文件您需要什么？root权限和一个文本编辑器。
|
||||
|
||||
在本教程中我将用我喜欢的文本编辑器，vim。好了，打开一个新的终端（**CTRL+ALT+T**），然后运行下面的命令来打开/etc/hosts文件进行编辑。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -28,7 +26,7 @@ root权限和一个文本编辑器。
|
||||
|
||||
我的表弟是沉迷于Facebook的社交网络，每次他发现我的笔记本电脑的时候，他就打开它，并去facebook.com陪陪他的朋友。
|
||||
|
||||
我应该怎么做那？
|
||||
我应该怎么做呢？
|
||||
|
||||
我编辑**/etc/hosts**文件，这样他想访问的网站就像已关闭了一样。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -38,6 +36,6 @@ root权限和一个文本编辑器。
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.unixmen.com/block-website-ubuntu/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[乌龙茶](https://github.com/yechunxiao19) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[乌龙茶](https://github.com/yechunxiao19) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
|
||||
|
||||
在这篇简短教程中，我会指导你们如何在你的 Linux 机器上安装 **.bin** 文件。并不是一些可怕的终端命令，我保证！但是我同样会展示如何在终端上操作 。
|
||||
|
||||
什么是 .bin 文件？
|
||||
###什么是 .bin 文件？
|
||||
|
||||
.bin 文件是在 Linux 和类 Unix 操作系统上的自执行文件。在执行 .bin 文件之前，你需要给它执行权限。这可以通过命令行或者 gui 完成。如果你喜欢用命令行那么打开一个新的终端并运行如下的命令来给予文件执行权限。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
||||
在Ubuntu 13.10上怎么连接装有iOS 7的iPhone或iPad
|
||||
在Ubuntu 上怎么连接装有iOS 7的iPhone或iPad
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
在几个月前我买了一个安装了iOS 7系统的iPhone 5手机。当我试着把iPhone或者iPad连接到Linux电脑（Ubuntu和Linux Mint）上时，它能够被识别，会提示我：“是否信任这台电脑”？
|
||||
|
||||
@ -50,9 +50,9 @@
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via:
|
||||
via: http://itsfoss.com/mount-iphone-ipad-ios-7-ubuntu-13-10/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[zpl1025](https://github.com/zpl1025) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[zpl1025](https://github.com/zpl1025) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
|
||||
如何在Linux上将HTML页面转化成png图片
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
将一个特定页面抓取为一张png图片的最简单的方法是使用[CutyCapt][1]，这是一种在Linux下的方便地将HTML网页转化成不同向量和位图图像格式的命令行工具（比如，SVG, PDF, PS, PNG, JPEG, TIFF, GIF）。CutyCapt内部使用WebKit渲染引擎来导出网页渲染输出到图片文件中。它使用Qt构建，CutyCapt实际上是一个也可以在Windows上使用的跨平台应用。
|
||||
将一个特定页面抓取为一张png图片的最简单的方法是使用[CutyCapt][1]，这是一种在Linux下的方便地将HTML网页转化成矢量图形和位图图像格式的命令行工具（比如，SVG, PDF, PS, PNG, JPEG, TIFF, GIF）。CutyCapt内部使用WebKit渲染引擎来导出网页渲染输出到图片文件中。它使用Qt构建，CutyCapt实际上是一个也可以在Windows上使用的跨平台应用。
|
||||
|
||||
在本篇教程中，我会描述如何**将一个HTML网页使用CutyCapt转化成png图片**。
|
||||
|
||||
### 在Linux上 CutyCapt###
|
||||
### 在Linux上安装 CutyCapt###
|
||||
|
||||
这是在特定Linux发行版上的安装命令。
|
||||
|
||||
**在Debian, Ubuntu 或者 Linux Mint 安装 CutyCapt **
|
||||
####在Debian, Ubuntu 或者 Linux Mint 安装 CutyCapt
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install cutycapt
|
||||
|
||||
**在Fedora上安装 CutyCapt**
|
||||
####在Fedora上安装 CutyCapt
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo yum install subversion qt-devel qtwebkit-devel gcc-c++ make
|
||||
$ svn co svn://svn.code.sf.net/p/cutycapt/code/ cutycapt
|
||||
@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
|
||||
$ make
|
||||
$ sudo cp CutyCapt /usr/local/bin/cutycapt
|
||||
|
||||
### 在CentOS 或者 RHEL安装 CutyCapt ###
|
||||
#### 在CentOS 或者 RHEL安装 CutyCapt
|
||||
|
||||
首先在你的Linux上[启用EPEL仓库][3]。接着和在Fedora上一样使用相同的步骤编译安装。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -57,7 +57,6 @@
|
||||
|
||||
如果你要不含X的服务器上运行CutyCapt，你可以在服务器上安装Xvfb（轻量级“假的”X11 服务）。这样CutyCapt就不会报错了。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
要在Debian, Ubuntu 或者 Linux Mint 上安装Xvfb：
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install xvfb
|
||||
@ -76,7 +75,7 @@
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/02/convert-html-web-page-png-image-linux.html
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@ -10,13 +10,13 @@ Ubuntu 13.10 默认自带磁盘分析器，一个允许用户快速并有效地
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
因此，磁盘使用分析器允许用户找出目前为被忽视的有潜在错误的文件夹，例如，用户可以立即发现显著占据分区的一个大尺寸的元素（元素越大，尺寸越大），但是，由于它的名字，仍旧被忽视。
|
||||
因此，磁盘使用分析器允许用户找出目前为被忽视的有潜在错误的文件夹，例如，用户可以立即发现显著占据分区的一个大尺寸的块（块越大代表其文件大小越大），但是，从文件名上你很难感觉到它的大小。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://iloveubuntu.net/how-visually-observe-partitions-usage-ubuntu-1310s-disk-usage-analyzer
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
@ -115,6 +115,6 @@ more是一个用来查看文本文件的基础工具，它不能用来显示二
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://linoxide.com/linux-command/linux-more-command/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[zpl1025](https://github.com/zpl1025) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[zpl1025](https://github.com/zpl1025) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Linux touch 命令 - 为什么我们需要改变时间戳？
|
||||
|
||||
### 为什么我们需要使用 touch 命令 ###
|
||||
|
||||
既然 touch 命令描述的是改变时间戳，那么我们可能会想为什么我们需要去改变时间戳呢?这个问题会引发我们的深思。然而，我想有个理由可以解释为什么我们需要使用它。如果你参加了一个跨海的开源项目，那么时间戳可能变得很重要。编译源代码文件可能需要同一地区的时间戳。如果未统一，程序可能会编译失败。
|
||||
既然 touch 命令描述的是改变时间戳，那么我们可能会想为什么我们需要去改变时间戳呢?这个问题会引发我们的深思。然而，我想有个理由可以解释为什么我们需要使用它。如果你参加了一个全球范围的开源项目，那么时间戳可能变得很重要。编译源代码文件可能需要同一地区的时间戳。如果未统一，程序可能会编译失败。（译注：有强迫症的同学也很喜欢这个命令——就看不得乱七八糟的时间，;>）
|
||||
|
||||
### 不带任何选项下运行 touch ###
|
||||
|
||||
@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ Linux touch 命令 - 为什么我们需要改变时间戳？
|
||||
|
||||
现在**我们要将日期2014年1月14日改为2013年12月20日**。可以使用下列命令：
|
||||
|
||||
$ touch -d ‘'10-December-2013' file_3.txt
|
||||
$ touch -d '10-December-2013' file_3.txt
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -159,6 +159,6 @@ Linux touch 命令 - 为什么我们需要改变时间戳？
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://linoxide.com/linux-command/linux-touch-command/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[Luoxcat](https://github.com/Luoxcat) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[Luoxcat](https://github.com/Luoxcat) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
@ -7,19 +7,17 @@ Linux 移动或重命名文件/目录－mv 的10个实用例子
|
||||
|
||||
mv 命令是一个与**cp**类似的命令，但是它**并非**创建文件或目录的复制品/副本。不管你在使用什么版本的Linux系统，mv 都默认安装在你的Linux系统上了。来看一下 mv 命令在日常操作中的一些例子。
|
||||
|
||||
### 1.移动文件 ###
|
||||
#### 1.移动文件 ####
|
||||
|
||||
移动文件时需要注意的是文件的源地址和目标地址**必须不同**。这里有个例子。想要将**file_1.txt**文件从当前目录移动到其它目录，以**/home/pungki/**为例，语法应该如下：
|
||||
移动文件时需要注意的是文件的源地址和目标地址**必须不同**。这里有个例子，想要将**file_1.txt**文件从当前目录移动到其它目录，以**/home/pungki/**为例，语法应该如下：
|
||||
|
||||
$ mv file_1.txt /home/pungki/office
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
如我们所见，当我们移动 file_txt 文件时，先前目录的 file_1.txt 就**被删除了**。
|
||||
|
||||
### 2.移动多个文件 ###
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2.移动多个文件 ####
|
||||
|
||||
如果想一次移动多个文件，我们可以将他们放在一行并用空格分开。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -27,24 +25,22 @@ mv 命令是一个与**cp**类似的命令，但是它**并非**创建文件或
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
如果你的文件有规律可循的话那么你就可以利用它。比如，为了移除所有以**.txt**为扩展名的文件，我们可以用下面的命令：
|
||||
如果你的文件有规律可循的话那么你就可以使用通配符。比如，为了移除所有以**.txt**为扩展名的文件，我们可以用下面的命令：
|
||||
|
||||
$ mv *.txt /home/pungki/office
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 3.移动目录 ###
|
||||
#### 3.移动目录 ####
|
||||
|
||||
不同于复制命令，用 mv 命令移动目录相当直接。移动目录你可以使用不带选项的 mv 命令。看下面的截图就一目了然了。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 4.重命名文件或目录 ###
|
||||
|
||||
#### 4.重命名文件或目录 ####
|
||||
|
||||
我们也用 mv 命令来重命名文件或目录。不过目标位置和源位置必须相同才可以。然后文件名必须不同。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
假定我们当前所在目录为**/home/pungki/Documents**，而我们想将**file_1.txt重命名为file_2.txt**。那么命令应该如下：
|
||||
|
||||
$ mv file_1.txt file_2.txt
|
||||
@ -55,8 +51,7 @@ mv 命令是一个与**cp**类似的命令，但是它**并非**创建文件或
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 5. 重命名目录 ###
|
||||
#### 5. 重命名目录 ####
|
||||
|
||||
上一段的规则同样适用于目录。请看这个例子：
|
||||
|
||||
@ -64,8 +59,7 @@ mv 命令是一个与**cp**类似的命令，但是它**并非**创建文件或
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 6. 打印移动信息 ###
|
||||
|
||||
#### 6. 打印移动信息 ####
|
||||
|
||||
当你移动或重命名一大堆文件或目录时，你可能会想在不去目标位置去查看的情况下知道你自己的命令是否成功地执行了。这就要用到**-v**选项了。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -77,10 +71,9 @@ mv 命令是一个与**cp**类似的命令，但是它**并非**创建文件或
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 使用交互模式 ###
|
||||
|
||||
当你将文件移动到其它位置，而那个位置恰好有同样的文件，这时 mv 命令会覆盖掉原来的文件。对于mv的这一行为一般不会有什么提示。如果想产生一个关于覆盖文件的提示，我们可以使用**-i**选项。
|
||||
#### 7. 使用交互模式 ####
|
||||
|
||||
当你将文件移动到其它位置，而那个位置恰好有同样的文件，这时 mv 命令会覆盖掉原来的文件。对于mv的这一行为一般不会有什么提示。如果想产生一个关于覆盖文件的提示，我们可以使用**-i**选项。（译注：通常发行版会通过alias命令，将-i作为默认选项，所以会有提示。）
|
||||
|
||||
假设我们想将 file_1.txt 移动到 /home/pungki/office。同时，/home/pungki/office 目录下已经有file_1.txt文件了。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -88,32 +81,28 @@ mv 命令是一个与**cp**类似的命令，但是它**并非**创建文件或
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
这个提示会让我们知道目标位置处file_1.txt的存在。如果我们按**y**键，那么那个文件将会被删除，否则不会。
|
||||
|
||||
### 8. 使用更新选项 ###
|
||||
#### 8. 使用更新选项 ####
|
||||
|
||||
－i 选项会提示我们关于覆盖文件的提示，而 －u 则只在源文件比目标文件新时才执行更新。让我们看一看下面的例子：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
假如 file_1.txt 和 file_2.txt有如下特点：
|
||||
|
||||
File_1.txt has 84 bytes file size and it last modified time is 12:00
|
||||
File_2.txt has 0 bytes file size and it last modified time is 11:59
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
我们想将它们移动到 /home/pungki/office 目录下。***但是目标地址**已经有file_1.txt和file_2.txt了。
|
||||
|
||||
我们用下面的命令将file_1.txt 和file_2.txt从当前目录移动到/home/pungki/office
|
||||
|
||||
$ mv -uv *.txt /home/pungki/office
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
可以看到这些文件被移动了。能移动这些文件是因为它们最近的修改时间戳比 /home/pungki/office 目录中的文件新。
|
||||
|
||||
### 9.不要覆盖任何已存在的文件 ###
|
||||
#### 9.不要覆盖任何已存在的文件 ####
|
||||
|
||||
如果**-i**选项询问我们是否要覆盖文件，那么 -n 选项将不会允许我们覆盖任何已存在的文件。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -123,9 +112,7 @@ mv 命令是一个与**cp**类似的命令，但是它**并非**创建文件或
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 10. 复制时创建备份 ###
|
||||
|
||||
#### 10. 复制时创建备份 ####
|
||||
|
||||
默认情况下，移动文件将会覆盖已存在的目标文件。但是如果我们移动错了文件而目标文件已经被新的文件覆盖了，这时应该怎么办才好呢？**有没有一种方法可以恢复之前的文件呢？答案是肯定的**。我们可以用**-b**选项。该选项会在新文件覆盖旧文件时将旧文件做备份。这里我们还以第8点为例。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -135,7 +122,17 @@ mv 命令是一个与**cp**类似的命令，但是它**并非**创建文件或
|
||||
|
||||
如截图中所见，在 /home/pungki/office 目录下出现了名为**file_1.txt~ and file_2.txt~ 的文件。那个波浪符号（～）意味着**这些文件是备份文件。从它们的属性中我们可以看到，这些文件比file_1.txt和file_2.txt要旧。
|
||||
|
||||
### 总结 ##
|
||||
#### 11. 无条件覆盖已经存在的文件 ####
|
||||
|
||||
（译注：这一节是译者补充的，原文遗漏了这个重要选项）
|
||||
|
||||
当你希望无论如何都覆盖已经存在的文件或目录时，你可以使用 -f 选项。如果同时指定了 -f 选项和 -i 或 -n 选项，则 -f 选项会覆盖它们——即不进行任何提示而覆盖，所以，在使用此参数时，知道你在做什么。
|
||||
|
||||
$ mv -f *.txt /home/pungki/office
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 总结 ###
|
||||
|
||||
移动文件和目录命令是Linux系统的基本命令。通常你可以通过**man mv** 或者 **mv --help**显示mv的手册页以了解更多详细信息。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -143,8 +140,8 @@ mv 命令是一个与**cp**类似的命令，但是它**并非**创建文件或
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://linoxide.com/linux-command/mv-command-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[Linchenguang](https://github.com/Linchenguang) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[Linchenguang](https://github.com/Linchenguang) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://linoxide.com/linux-command/linux-cp-command/
|
||||
[1]:http://linux.cn/article-2687-1.html
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
|
||||
Canonical应该在Ubuntu 14.04 LTS中放弃现有的背景主题么?
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu已经使用同一套背景很多年了,但是随着即将到来的Ubuntu 14.04 LTS(Trusty Tahr),它会是更换主题的一个绝佳时机么?
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu设计团队总是保持背景简单又熟悉。从经验上,你需要确保用户在扫一眼的时候就能认出操作系统,仅仅在看见桌面颜色的时候。
|
||||
|
||||
这方向上主要的改变是在Ubuntu 10.04 LTS(Lucid Lynx)发布的时候.在Lucid Lynx之后,背景一直在进化中,从一个版本到另一个,都有很小的增长。
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (Trusty Tahr) 或许是时候撼动这件事了。Canonical同样在准备对icon和Unity7 的改头换面。有什么更好的时机使Ubuntu 14.04 LTS与之前的版本中脱颖而出?
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Should-Canonical-Drop-the-Curent-Background-Theme-for-Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-420737.shtml
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ Everyday Linux 是由 Seth Anderson，Chirs Neves 和 Mark Cockrell 主持，并
|
||||
|
||||
我经常在一些文章末尾得到一些评论，指明发行版并不是操作系统，它是发行版又或者 Linux 不是一个操作系统，GNU/Linux 才是。这看来似乎是永不结束的讨论。
|
||||
|
||||
在很多个月之前，我很幸运我能够以[嘉宾的身份在 Everyday Linux podcast][6] 中登场。
|
||||
在好几个月之前，我很幸运我能够以[嘉宾的身份在 Everyday Linux podcast][6] 中登场。
|
||||
|
||||
### 5. Going Linux ###
|
||||
|
||||
@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ Ubuntu UK Podcast 是一个英国的 Podcast，由 Laura Cowen，Mark Johnson
|
||||
|
||||
节目通常会谈论过去一个星期有关 Linux 的新闻，其中覆盖了从发行到信息安全等各方面的内容。
|
||||
|
||||
据对值得收听，尤其如果你不是一个特别容易被冒犯的人。
|
||||
绝对值得收听，尤其如果你不是一个特别容易被冒犯的人。
|
||||
|
||||
### 8. Linux Luddites ###
|
||||
|
||||
@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ Podcasts 更多的是娱乐和推送新闻，并且相对于收听普通的收
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.everydaylinuxuser.com/2014/02/top-9-linux-podcasts.html
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[hyaocuk](https://github.com/hyaocuk) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[hyaocuk](https://github.com/hyaocuk) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
||||
树莓派使用实例之：2 Pi R 第二篇：Web服务器
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
在我的上一篇[文章][1]中讲过如何做一个冗余系统：两个树莓派布署上 GlusterFS 集群文件系统，就变成一个容错文件服务器了。在这篇文章中我们会基于这个冗余系统构建另一个容错服务：建立一个简单的 Web 服务器集群。
|
||||
在我的上一篇[文章][1]中讲过如何做一个高可用系统：两个树莓派布署上 GlusterFS 集群文件系统，就变成一个容错文件服务器了。在这篇文章中我们会基于这个高可用系统构建另一个容错服务：建立一个简单的 Web 服务器集群。
|
||||
|
||||
可能你没有看过我的上一篇文章，那我就在这里简单回顾一下上次的内容。我有两个树莓派：Pi1 和 Pi2。Pi1 的 IP 地址为 192.168.0.121，Pi2 的 IP 地址为 192.168.0.122。我把它们组合成为 GlusterFS 集群系统，共享一个存储卷，卷名为 gv0。并且这个 gv0 被挂载在两个树莓派上，挂载点都是 /mnt/gluster1，这样一来，两个树莓派能同时访问到这个共享卷。最后我测试了下系统的容错性，将共享卷挂载到第三个物理机上，并执行共享卷上的一个简单的脚本：打印系统时间并输出到 gv0 上的一个文件内，然后轮着关掉两台树莓派，检测这个冗余系统是否还能用。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ Nginx 安装好后，创建配置文件 /mnt/gluster1/cluster ，内容如下：
|
||||
|
||||
注意：我这里把服务器命名为“twopir”，你可以根据自己爱好命名你的网站。另外我把 Web 服务器的根目录设置为 /mng/gluster1/www。这样，我就能把我的静态文件放在这个共享存储系统内，从而让两个树莓派主机都访问到它们。
|
||||
|
||||
现在删除默认的 Nginx 配置文件，将上面配好的配置文件作为 Nginx 的配置文件。在 Debian 系统中，Nginx 将它的文件像 Apache 一样放在 sites-available 和 site-enabled 两个目录下面。虚拟主机配置文档放在 sites-available 中，而 sites-enabled 目录包含了你想生效的配置文件的软链接。
|
||||
现在删除默认的 Nginx 配置文件，将上面配好的配置文件作为 Nginx 的配置文件。在 Debian 系统中，Nginx 将它的配置文件像 Apache 一样放在 sites-available 和 site-enabled 两个目录下面。虚拟主机配置文档放在 sites-available 中，而 sites-enabled 目录包含了你想生效的配置文件的软链接。
|
||||
|
||||
$ cd /etc/nginx/sites-available
|
||||
$ sudo ln -s /mnt/gluster1/cluster .
|
||||
@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ Nginx 安装好后，创建配置文件 /mnt/gluster1/cluster ，内容如下：
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo /etc/init.d/nginx restart
|
||||
|
||||
现在去 DNS 服务器为192.168.0.121的树莓派配置记录。你可以根据自己的情况配置你自己的域名和 IP 地址。现在在浏览器上输入 http://twopor/ 然后出现默认的 Nginx 首页。如果你查看下 /var/log/nginx/access.log 文件，你可以看到点击网页留下的记录。
|
||||
现在去 DNS 服务器为192.168.0.121的树莓派配置记录。你可以根据自己的情况配置你自己的域名和 IP 地址。现在在浏览器上输入 http://twopir/ 然后出现默认的 Nginx 首页。如果你查看下 /var/log/nginx/access.log 文件，你可以看到点击网页留下的记录。
|
||||
|
||||
Nginx 能正常工作后，配置第二个树莓派。因为我们已经将配置文件都放在 GlusterFS 共享目录下，我们现在要做的只是安装 Nginx，创建相关的软链接，重启 Nginx：
|
||||
|
||||
@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ Nginx 能正常工作后，配置第二个树莓派。因为我们已经将配
|
||||
|
||||
### DNS 服务器上配置两条 A 记录 ###
|
||||
|
||||
现在两个主机共享同一份文件，下一步是设置冗余系统的关键步骤。虽然你完全可以设置一个类似心跳的服务用于轮询检测哪个树莓派的 Web 服务是开启的，但这里有个更好的方法：两个 DNS 服务器使用 A 记录（译注：A 记录就是将域名转化为 IP 地址的记录，DNS 包含很多记录方式，如 A 记录、PTR 记录、MX 记录等等）同一个主机名，这就是传说中的 DNS 负载均衡，DNS 访问主机时，如果主机名对应多个 IP 地址，DNS 会随机返回这些 IP 地址的顺序：
|
||||
现在两个主机共享同一份文件，下一步是设置冗余系统的关键步骤。虽然你完全可以设置一个类似心跳的服务用于轮询检测哪个树莓派的 Web 服务是开启的，但这里有个更好的方法：给同一个主机名指定两个 DNS 的 A 记录，分别指向你的两个树莓派（译注：A 记录就是将域名转化为 IP 地址的记录，DNS 包含很多记录方式，如 A 记录、PTR 记录、MX 记录等等），这就是传说中的 DNS 负载均衡，DNS 访问主机时，如果主机名对应多个 IP 地址，DNS 会随机返回这些 IP 地址的顺序：
|
||||
|
||||
$ dig twopir.example.com A +short
|
||||
192.168.0.121
|
||||
@ -80,8 +80,8 @@ Nginx 能正常工作后，配置第二个树莓派。因为我们已经将配
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.linuxjournal.com/content/two-pi-r-2-web-servers
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[bazz2](https://github.com/bazz2) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[bazz2](https://github.com/bazz2) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.linuxjournal.com/content/two-pi-r
|
||||
[1]:http://linux.cn/article-2587-1.html
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
|
||||
对决：Ubuntu 14.04 LTS 大战 Windows XP
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**越来越多的人期待着 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (Trusty Tahr) 的发布，并希望她能在不改变用户习惯的前提下替代 Windows XP。
|
||||
因此我们将在本文尝试给大家分析下这个两个系统的优缺点。**
|
||||
|
||||
很多 Windows XP 用户在微软宣布四月份后即将停止对他们的操作系统提供安全更新后作出改变。他们像大多数改用 Linux 的用户一样，有着大量的系统操作和兼容性方面各式各样的问题。而事实是这些原 XP 用户可能顾虑太多了，理由如下：
|
||||
|
||||
### 安装 ###
|
||||
|
||||
如果你在一生中哪怕就装过一次 Windows，祝贺你，因为你已经知道该如何安装 Ubuntu 这类的系统了。Ubuntu 为用户提供了一个很直观而且没有太多复杂选项的安装界面。
|
||||
|
||||
唯一可能会使你疑惑的就是系统分区时出现的大量陌生词汇了，比如“交换空间(swap)”和“EXT4文件系统”。不过好消息是在 Linux 下你或许永远不需要多个分区了。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
*Ubuntu 安装*
|
||||
|
||||
### 驱动 ###
|
||||
|
||||
Windows 用户需要为新的硬件安装驱动，比方说聊天时用的摄像头。
|
||||
某些驱动或许会由系统提供，但大多数的仍需要手动安装。
|
||||
|
||||
在 Ubuntu 的驱动问题上，唯一可能需要担心的就是显卡驱动了。
|
||||
首先你可能不清楚应该从哪里改变现有驱动，而安装一个新的驱动可能需要一些调整。
|
||||
然而这刚好是你学习如何添加一个 PPA 源以及更新你的软件包的好时机，而且这些操作都轻而易举。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
*安装私有驱动*
|
||||
|
||||
### 主界面 ###
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu 在整体界面上还是和 Windows XP 有些区别的。尽管她更直观，但总有些偷懒的用户还是会放弃探索如何使用这个新系统的精彩时光。
|
||||
|
||||
不过呢 Ubuntu 依然可以为这些“懒”用户们提供几种看起来更像 Windows XP 的衍生版本，比如 Xubuntu 和 Lubuntu。
|
||||
她们都是基于 Ubuntu 的而且提供基本相同的软件。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
*Ubuntu 桌面*
|
||||
|
||||
### 应用与安全 ###
|
||||
|
||||
或许你会觉得在 Windows XP 上安装程序很容易。
|
||||
不是么？就双击一个安装程序，然后狂按下一步（包括压根没人读的那份最终用户许可协议），一个程序就这么装上了。
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu 下事情其实更简单。只要打开 Ubuntu 软件中心然后搜索你想要的应用，最后轻轻按下安装，一切搞定！
|
||||
|
||||
有些情况下在 Windows XP 上安装程序会很危险，尤其是在微软终止提供安全补丁以后。
|
||||
在 Ubuntu 上你将很难再见到你身边的那堆病毒和流氓软件，即使有病毒在 Linux 上出现也将非常短命。
|
||||
只要程序有任何一个问题出现，立即就会有开发人员释出补丁并修复。
|
||||
|
||||
不过呢，在 Ubuntu 上你也许不大可能会找全你在 Windows XP 上曾经用过的所有软件。
|
||||
但大部分知名软件商都会提供 Linux 版本，不但如此你还可以在 Ubuntu 上找寻更多的相似软件予以替代。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
*使用 Ubuntu 软件中心安装应用*
|
||||
|
||||
### 游戏 ###
|
||||
|
||||
也许 Windows XP 看起来更适合玩游戏，但事实是大多数游戏开发者将放弃去兼容一个即将消亡的系统。
|
||||
而且 Valve 将进一切力量去支持 Linux 平台并将整个游戏产业推向这个方向。
|
||||
|
||||
Linux 版 Steam 仅推出一年时间就有 500 多个游戏上线而且这个趋势没有任何下降的迹象。
|
||||
再过几年，在游戏方面 Linux 平台必将赶超 Windows。
|
||||
所以现在就开始熟悉 Ubuntu 吧，如果你是个出色的玩家，就绝不应该放弃这个机会。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
*Linux 版《传送门 2》*
|
||||
|
||||
### 结论 ###
|
||||
|
||||
如果你是一个 Windows XP 用户但对使用 Linux 和 Ubuntu 有任何顾虑，建议你在升级到 Windows 7 或 8 之前再三考虑。
|
||||
Linux 有所有你需要的功能，没有任何理由不去使用一个基于她的操作系统。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-vs-Windows-XP-Pros-and-Cons-430084.shtml
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[VizV](https://github.com/vizv) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
@ -10,13 +10,12 @@ Ubuntu 14.04 中系统设置中加入了显示/隐藏用户选项
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
The entry is handy, for example, if you want to take a screenshot of your desktop with your username visible, you are to 1 click-away check the option, shortly after you can unclutter the Unity panel by disabling the option without requiring non-default applications.
|
||||
这个选项很方便,比如,你想要截一张带有你用户名的桌面截图,你只要单击选项, 不久之后你就可以通过禁用它来整理你的Unity面板而不必使用非默认的程序。
|
||||
这个选项很方便，比如，你想要截一张带有你用户名的桌面截图，你只要单击选项，不久之后你就可以通过禁用它来整理你的Unity面板而不必使用非默认的程序。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://iloveubuntu.net/ubuntu-1404s-system-settings-received-showhide-username-option
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Canonical通过Ubuntu的发行正在开发一种无需不同版本就能够在
|
||||
|
||||
> 真正的移动/桌面的整合会发生在下一个重要的发布周期——不会出现在14.04的更新中，但它可能会出现在14.10或者15.04。我们相信我们可以在微软对移动端和桌面平台的整合之前发布，虽然在移动端和桌面平台的整合也是微软确立的在设计与开发两方面的目标。
|
||||
|
||||
当问到像Android一样良好发展中的操作系统以及缓慢然而稳定发展的Windows是否会对Canonical的未来发展的雄心壮志产生威胁时，Shuttleworth回答道
|
||||
当问到像Android一样良好发展中的操作系统以及缓慢然而稳定发展的Windows是否会对Canonical的未来发展的雄心壮志产生威胁时，Shuttleworth回答道：
|
||||
|
||||
> 我认为我们和Windows8的最大不同是，我们是基于Linux的，就像Android一样。这意味着为Android设计的web以及本地应用比起Windows将会对Ubuntu更加有好。很大部分的Android开发者使用着Ubuntu作为他们的操作系统，而且他们基本上在Ubuntu中开发这些应用，因此对他们来说，同时开发Ubuntu的应用将会变得十分方便。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ Shuttleworth也暗示Canonical将会改变Ubuntu的6个月的发布周期，并
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.linuxfederation.com/ubuntu-will-beat-microsoft/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：ThomazL(https://github.com/ThomazL) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：ThomazL(https://github.com/ThomazL) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@ -13,11 +13,12 @@ Unity控制中心，除了它的名字外，与原来的系统设置一样保持
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
根据开发者说法，复刻过程是为了保持基于GNOME的系统设置程序能够在Ubuntu 14.04 LTS上使用，而接下来的Ubuntu版本可能会使用基于Qt/QML的系统设置。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://iloveubuntu.net/unity-control-center-arrived-ubuntu-1404-default
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
|
||||
开源软件的易用性
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
[Jim Hall][2] 在 Linux Journal 网站上发表了一篇精彩的[文章][1]，是关于开源软件的“易用性”的。在开源项目中，软件的“友好性”往往被敷衍处理，甚至会被完全忽略。另一方面，人们经常将“易用性”与“美观“混为一谈，他们认为软件“易于使用”就是要软件设计得漂亮。开源项目软件的“易用性”经常被开发者忽略，这可以理解，毕竟开发者肯定知道如何使用他们自己的软件，并且对开发的软件的工作环境也了如指掌（译注：举个生活中的例子，译者，就是我，想去附近的阿姨家玩，只需要出门左转右转过个红绿灯再过三幢房就到了，因为我对环境了如指掌；如果要让读者，就是你，找到我阿姨家，估计你要冲过来削我：你 TM 在逗我么）。开源软件能很好地满足开发者自身的需求，但如果想让你的软件被更多人使用，你就需要在“易用性”方面下大功夫。
|
||||
[Jim Hall][2] 在 Linux Journal 网站上发表了一篇精彩的[文章][1]，是关于开源软件的“易用性”的。在开源项目中，软件的“友好性”往往被敷衍处理，甚至会被完全忽略。另一方面，人们经常将“易用性”与“美观”混为一谈，他们认为软件“易于使用”就是要软件设计得漂亮。开源项目软件的“易用性”经常被开发者忽略，这可以理解，毕竟开发者肯定知道如何使用他们自己的软件，并且对开发的软件的工作环境也了如指掌（译注：举个生活中的例子，译者，就是我，想去附近的阿姨家玩，只需要出门左转右转过个红绿灯再过三幢房就到了，因为我对环境了如指掌；如果要让读者，就是你，找到我阿姨家，估计你要冲过来削我：你 TM 在逗我么）。开源软件能很好地满足开发者自身的需求，但如果想让你的软件被更多人使用，你就需要在“易用性”方面下大功夫。
|
||||
|
||||
在 Linux Journal 上的这篇文章里面，Hall 介绍了他与几个大学生一起做了一个小小的易用性测试，这些学生都是 Windows 用户，并且对电脑都不怎么熟悉。他们被要求使用装有 Fedora 17 的笔记本，并且要求使用一系列软件，像 Gedit, Firefox 和 Nautilus，Hall 在一旁观察，并做一些记录。结果显示这些用户能够使用这些软件的基本功能，但对于软件的一些高级功能，他们就束手无策了。他们能够在不需要任何提示的情况下使用火狐上网，但当要求他们改变 Gedit 的默认字体，或使用 Nautilus 为一个文件建立书签时，他们就不知道怎么做了。
|
||||
在 Linux Journal 上的这篇文章里面，Hall 介绍了他与几个大学生一起做了一个小小的易用性测试，这些学生都是 Windows 用户，并且对电脑都不怎么熟悉。他们被要求使用装有 Fedora 17 的笔记本，并且要求使用一系列软件，像 Gedit、 Firefox 和 Nautilus，Hall 在一旁观察，并做一些记录。结果显示这些用户能够使用这些软件的基本功能，但对于软件的一些高级功能，他们就束手无策了。他们能够在不需要任何提示的情况下使用火狐上网，但当要求他们改变 Gedit 的默认字体，或使用 Nautilus 为一个文件建立书签时，他们就不知道怎么做了。
|
||||
|
||||
Hall 做的这项实验对开发者来说是非常有意义的。你永远都想不到用户会将你的软件用在什么地方，并且对于你觉得一目了然的特性，就跟长在脸上的鼻子一样清楚明了的特性，在用户眼里可能就是那么难以理解。我在读研的时候，就做过一个“软件易用性”实验，实验的道具是一款名叫“Silverback”的商业软件，它会调用电脑内置摄像头来拍摄用户的脸部表情。当用户坐下来完成我们布置的任务时，我们中的一个人会坐在用户旁边并做一些记录，实验结束后我们会回头看录像，记录用户鼠标点击次数、用户完成每个任务需要的时间，以及他们是否能完成所有任务。记录用户脸部表情非常有用，特别是配合用户做任务时实验人员写下来的实验记录的时候。笔记上有一条“在第６个步骤有些迷惑”的记录，用户脸部表情与这个记录保持一致，这能显示用户在什么时候感觉遇到挫折了。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Hall 做的这项实验对开发者来说是非常有意义的。你永远都想
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://ostatic.com/blog/usability-and-open-source
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[bazz2](https://github.com/bazz2) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[bazz2](https://github.com/bazz2) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
|
||||
因为你可以：Linux上的Windows 8 GTK主题
|
||||
你赢了！Linux上的Windows 8 GTK主题
|
||||
=============================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
现在我居住的地方正值炎夏，但是相比较我正在写的文章将会引来的暴风雨，还是温和了不少：是的！我正在写关于Windows GTK主题的文章。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
好吧，认错时间：我，个人并没有坐在桌前想着：“我的Ubuntu桌面真的需要...需要看起来像另一个操作系统一样！”。当我确认模仿另一个操作系统的外观的行为很不对我的胃口时，但世界上有那么多的用户，没准有些用户-可能也包括你-会对这有兴趣呢！
|
||||
好吧，认错时间：我，个人并没有坐在桌前想着：“我的Ubuntu桌面真的需要...需要看起来像另一个操作系统一样！”。当我确认模仿另一个操作系统的外观的行为很不对我的胃口时，但世界上有那么多的用户，没准有些用户——可能也包括你——会对这有兴趣呢！
|
||||
|
||||
这件事本身也并没有任何问题。虽然这会引来很多狂热爱好者或者喷子，但是这提供的种灵活性也可以更好地为改进者，自定义者和主题制作者服务，因此我说：“何乐而不为呢？”
|
||||
|
||||
@ -13,13 +13,13 @@
|
||||
|
||||
> “Windows XP的卡通蓝边界和过度透明的Aero Glass主题早就过时了”
|
||||
|
||||
Windows作为世界上最被广泛运用的操作系统(一片嘘声)，那么GTK的高山与Metacity主题再邀请下模仿Windows的外观一点也不让人惊奇。
|
||||
Windows作为世界上最被广泛运用的操作系统(吁~ 一片嘘声)，那么GTK的高山与Metacity主题再邀请下模仿Windows的外观一点也不让人惊奇。
|
||||
|
||||
但是Windows XP年长的卡通蓝边界以及过度透明的Aero Glass已经过时，当前的热门话题应该属于五彩缤纷的现代UI。
|
||||
|
||||
Windows 8引入了一种平整，实心而且转折角度明显的主题特色，这位微软桌面操作系统带来了新鲜的感觉。[在微软其他产品中的统一的设计暗号][1]，比如Windows Phone 8以及Xbox One为用户提供了不少的相似点。
|
||||
Windows 8引入了一种平整，实心而且转折角度明显的主题特色，这位微软桌面操作系统带来了新鲜的感觉。按照[在微软其他产品中的统一的设计脉络][1]，比如Windows Phone 8以及Xbox One为用户提供了不少的相似点。
|
||||
|
||||
Windows 8 GTK主题与其他相比它的设计语言更准确地接近来自设计它的灵感。我承认我并没有常用Windows 8从而可以对其设计方方面面十分了解，但是这个主题已经包含了它大多数的表面设计，如果通过这个评分的话，这个主题可以算成功的了。
|
||||
Windows 8 GTK主题与其他主题相比，更体现了它的设计感觉。我承认我并没有常用Windows 8从而可以对其设计方方面面十分了解，但是这个主题已经包含了它大多数的表面设计，如果通过这个评分的话，这个主题可以算成功的了。
|
||||
|
||||
在这同时，扁平化主题并不由微软专属，类似[Iris Light, which we shared recently][2]等主题都在Linux中十分流行。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ Windows 8 GTK主题与其他相比它的设计语言更准确地接近来自设
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/02/windows-8-metro-gtk-theme
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[ThomazL](https://github.com/ThomazL) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[ThomazL](https://github.com/ThomazL) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@ -2,13 +2,13 @@ Linux系统监控神器--Collectl
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
### 系统资源监控 ###
|
||||
|
||||
为使系统良好运转,Linux系统管理员经常需要监测cpu,内存,磁盘,网络等系统信息。Linux上已有iotop,top,free,htop,sar等丰富的常规工具来实现监测功能。今天让我们走进Collectl来了解这个集测试监控分析系统性能为一体的Linux工具。
|
||||
为使系统良好运转,Linux系统管理员经常需要监测cpu,内存,磁盘,网络等系统信息。Linux上已有iotop,top,free,htop,sar等丰富的常规工具来实现监测功能。今天让我们走进Collectl来了解这个集测试/监控/分析系统性能为一体的Linux工具。
|
||||
|
||||
Collectl作为一个轻量级的监控工具,在同类工具中是功能最全的。用户可监测不同的复杂系统矩阵值,并可保留数据以做之后的分析。不同于其他只用来监测特定系统参数的工具,Collectl可以同时监测不同的变量,并以合适的方式记录它们。
|
||||
|
||||
来自[专题网站][1] ...
|
||||
摘自[Collectl官网][1] ...
|
||||
|
||||
> 不同于或聚焦于一小组统计数据、采用唯一输出方式,或采用迭代、作为守护进程运行的大部分监测工具,collectl可以同时全部实现。用户可选择广泛子系统中的任一系统来监测包括buddyinfo,CPU,磁盘,索引节点,无线带宽,lustre,内存,网络,网络文件系统,进程,二次型,slabs,套接口及TCP等信息。
|
||||
> 不同于或聚焦于一小组统计数据、采用唯一输出方式,或采用迭代、作为守护进程运行的大部分监测工具,collectl可以同时全部实现。用户可选择各种子系统中的任一系统来监测包括内存,CPU,磁盘,索引节点,无线带宽,lustre,内存,网络,网络文件系统,进程,二次型,slabs,套接口及TCP等信息。
|
||||
|
||||
深入学习前让我们先看以下命令。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ Collectl作为一个轻量级的监控工具,在同类工具中是功能最全
|
||||
1 0 1222 2647 0 0 92 3 0 2 0 1
|
||||
1 0 763 1722 0 0 80 3 0 1 0 2
|
||||
|
||||
CPU使用率,磁盘输入输出和网络活动以每秒为单位来加载。对可以理解这些数据的人来说这些信息很容易读懂。这项列表在给定的时间间隔里值会持续增加并可直接形成一项文件跟踪日志。collectl工具提供了各种命令来对这些数据进行记录,查找及做其他处理。
|
||||
CPU使用率,磁盘输入输出和网络活动以每秒为单位来加载。对可以理解这些数据的人来说这些信息很容易读懂。这项列表在给定的时间间隔里会持续增加，并可直接形成一项文件跟踪日志。collectl工具提供了各种命令来对这些数据进行记录,查找及做其他处理。
|
||||
|
||||
### 安装collectl工具 ###
|
||||
|
||||
@ -35,15 +35,15 @@ Fedora/CentOS用户使用yum命令便可获取。
|
||||
|
||||
### 使用 ###
|
||||
|
||||
#### 必要的理论 - Collectl子系统 ####
|
||||
#### 必要的了解 - Collectl子系统 ####
|
||||
|
||||
子系统是可检测到的不同系统资源类型。像CPU,内存,带宽等等都可构成一个子系统。只运行collectl命令将以批处理模式输出CPU,磁盘和网络子系统信息,我们在上文已看到相关内容。
|
||||
|
||||
从操作说明可以看到,Collectl可以识别以下子系统。
|
||||
|
||||
子系统总结
|
||||
总计子系统
|
||||
|
||||
b - buddy info (内存碎片)
|
||||
b - buddy info (内存片段)
|
||||
c - CPU
|
||||
d - Disk
|
||||
f - NFS V3 Data
|
||||
@ -57,9 +57,9 @@ Fedora/CentOS用户使用yum命令便可获取。
|
||||
x - Interconnect
|
||||
y - Slabs (system object caches)
|
||||
|
||||
子系统详细列表
|
||||
细节子系统
|
||||
|
||||
这是一组详细信息,大部分情况下都会由相应的总结数据衍生出来。目前“环境变量”和“进程”2类没有相应的总结数据。如果有3个磁盘,选择-sd,将只会看到3个磁盘组合出的单一信息。如果选择-sD,将会分别显示各磁盘信息。
|
||||
这是一系列的详细信息,大部分情况下都会由相应的总计数据衍生出来。目前“环境变量”和“进程”2类没有相应的总计数据。如果有3个磁盘,选择-sd,将只会看到3个磁盘组合出的单一信息。如果选择-sD,将会分别显示各磁盘信息。
|
||||
|
||||
C - CPU
|
||||
D - Disk
|
||||
@ -88,7 +88,9 @@ Fedora/CentOS用户使用yum命令便可获取。
|
||||
3 0 1767 3599
|
||||
|
||||
使用“-C”观察各个单独的CPU使用情况。结果将会输出多行,分别对应一个CPU。
|
||||
$ collectl -sC
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
$ collectl -sC
|
||||
waiting for 1 second sample...
|
||||
|
||||
# SINGLE CPU STATISTICS
|
||||
@ -170,7 +172,7 @@ d和D可以查看磁盘使用的概况和详细情况。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 5. 显示统计时间 ####
|
||||
|
||||
若要将每行的监测信息和时间一同显示,使用T命令。为指定命令,前面需加“-o”来转换。
|
||||
若要将每行的监测信息和时间一同显示,使用T选项。通过在“-o”参数来指定。
|
||||
|
||||
$ collectl -scmd -oT
|
||||
waiting for 1 second sample...
|
||||
@ -192,7 +194,7 @@ collectl报告的每行都是一份快照或样本,它通常设定定期间隔
|
||||
#Free Buff Cach Inac Slab Map
|
||||
1G 261M 1G 1G 228M 3G
|
||||
|
||||
使用i命令可改变时间间隔。
|
||||
使用i命令可改变更新时间间隔。
|
||||
|
||||
$ collectl -sm -i2
|
||||
waiting for 2 second sample...
|
||||
@ -332,7 +334,7 @@ Collectl有内置命令来完成像vmstat一样的功能。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 11. 子系统的详细信息 ####
|
||||
|
||||
下面的命令以一秒为间隔统计5次CPU信息并和时间一起显示出详细信息（冗长）。
|
||||
下面的命令以一秒为间隔，统计5次CPU信息并和时间一起显示出详细信息（冗长）。
|
||||
|
||||
$ collectl -sc -c5 -i1 --verbose -oT
|
||||
waiting for 1 second sample...
|
||||
@ -349,18 +351,19 @@ Collectl有内置命令来完成像vmstat一样的功能。
|
||||
|
||||
### 总结 ###
|
||||
|
||||
本文的介绍不过是对collectl这个强大工具的一些浅见。本文本希望展示它有多灵活,其实通过以上的讨论仍让我们了解了包括记录及回寻捕获的数据,以多种文件格式导出数据并将数据转换为可被广泛的工具分析的格式等等功能的实现。
|
||||
本文的介绍不过是对collectl这个强大工具的一些浅见。本文本希望展示它有多灵活,其实通过以上的讨论让我们了解了包括记录及回寻捕获的数据,以多种文件格式导出数据并将数据转换为可被广泛的工具分析的格式等等功能的实现。
|
||||
|
||||
collectl提供的另一大功能便是像服务器一样运行,对远程Linux机器或完整的服务器集群提供远程监控,其表现堪称完美。
|
||||
collectl提供的另一大功能便是像服务一样运行,对远程Linux机器或完整的服务器集群提供远程监控,其表现堪称完美。
|
||||
|
||||
Collectl同另一批可用于处理分析收集的数据名为[Collectl实用工具][2] (colmux, colgui, colplot)的功能相契合。如果有机会,我们在之后的文章中会介绍它们。
|
||||
Collectl同另一批可用于处理分析收集数据的名为[Collectl实用工具][2] (colmux, colgui, colplot)的功能相契合。如果有机会,我们在之后的文章中会介绍它们。
|
||||
|
||||
为更详细的了解Collectl工具,请登录它的主页来学习更多的功能。笔者建议查看[FAQs][3]来快速了解collectl,读取[collectl文档][4]获取深层次的例子。[等价命令表][5]也可定位至更多的像sar,iostat,netstat,top等和collectl功能部分等价的常用工具。
|
||||
|
||||
为更详细的了解Collectl工具,请登录主页来学习更多的功能。笔者建议查看[FAQs][3]来快速了解collectl,读取[collectl文档][4]获取深层次的例子。[等价命令矩阵][5]也可定位至更多的像sar,iostat,netstat,top等和collectl功能部分等价的常用工具。
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.binarytides.com/collectl-monitor-system-resources-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/icybreaker) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[icybreaker](https://github.com/icybreaker) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
|
||||
每日Ubuntu小技巧：解决VirtualBox中截屏时的黑屏故障
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
VirtualBox是一个可以让你在一台物理主机上运行多个系统的软件。它支持Windows,Mac OS X 和Linux 并且是Oracle公司在维护它。
|
||||
|
||||
我们在这里写了很多关于VirtualBox的文章，你可以做一个快速的查找来查看所有关于VirtualBox的文章。
|
||||
|
||||
现在，这里有一个故事：VirtualBox有一个功能，允许用户快速的截取虚拟机会话的屏幕截图。这些截图可以通过粘贴板和宿主机共享。
|
||||
|
||||
这就是我们这里要说的了。当某一个Ubuntu 虚拟机中的功能启用后，这项截图的功能就不能够正常的工作了。这种现象一直是一个痛点，直到最近我们偶然发现了这个解决方法。
|
||||
|
||||
如果不采取我们发现的这个方法，当你在Ubuntu的虚拟机里面截完屏幕之后，截屏的图片将会被存储成全黑的文件，这样的文件会毫无用处。
|
||||
|
||||
我一直在苦苦寻找解决方法，但是一直都没有好运气，直到刚刚。
|
||||
|
||||
要开启Ubuntu下的虚拟机和宿主机之间的双向黏贴板的话，请在Ubuntu虚拟机上面点击 “设置”，之后找到“普通->高级标签”，选择这个功能来开启它。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
现在，理论上，当你开启Ubuntu的虚拟机之后，按下“截屏键”，或者按下“Ctrl+截屏键”，虚拟机就应该为当前的桌面会话来张截屏。
|
||||
|
||||
之后你就可以通过在宿主机上面使用粘贴板的功能来看到那些图片了。
|
||||
|
||||
**但是！**如果你同时启用了Ubuntu虚拟机中的“3D 加速”功能，那些图片将会变得漆黑一片。
|
||||
|
||||
为了解决这个问题，你必须关闭Ubuntu虚拟机的3D加速功能！
|
||||
|
||||
关闭3D加速功能可以这样做：在Ubuntu虚拟机种点击“设置”，之后找到“系统->显示->显卡”标签，关闭3D加速
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
现在你必须在Ubuntu的虚拟机中设置关闭3D加速才能让截屏正常工作。现在打开一个虚拟机尝试来截个屏幕吧。
|
||||
|
||||
希望这个方法能够帮到你！
|
||||
|
||||
希望你喜欢！
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.liberiangeek.net/2014/02/daily-ubuntu-tips-fix-black-screen-in-ubuntu-guest-with-virtualbox-screen-capture/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[FineFan](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
|
||||
Atom 文本编辑器——GitHub 的折扣开源
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
**GitHub 的新文本编辑器并不完全开源，看起来并没有人在意这一点。**
|
||||
|
||||
Samuel Greenwald [认为][1]“任何 IT 领袖如果没有开源观念，那注定会失败。” 然而即使你的开源观念打了折扣、不那么纯粹，其实大众也并不会刁难你。特别是在你祭出古怪反复的许可证花招时，即使是开源界最精明的精英也可能被忽悠住。
|
||||
|
||||
例如就拿GitHub来说。GitHub 刚刚发布了[Atom][2]文本编辑器，获得了很多赞赏。虽然[有些人赞美Atom][3]“完全开源”，但其实它并非如此。在我看来，还差得很远。
|
||||
|
||||
### 某种打折扣的开源 ###
|
||||
|
||||
不管怎样，并不是说 GitHub 把Atom 全部伪装成开源。正如 GitHub 联合创始人Tom Preston-Werner所说，只有“Atom 核心”代码将会是闭源的，而“其余现有的所有Atom 代码将永远遵守 MIT-licensed许可证。”原因纯粹是商业化的，他这么[解释][4]道：
|
||||
|
||||
> Atom将不会封闭源代码，但它也不会开源。它将介于两者之间，这样我们更易于对 Atom 进行掌控，同时，人们还可以在许可证的限制下看到它如何运行。关于这一点，我们还没有最终决定究竟如何具体实施。我们将在充分的细节准备后正式启动。
|
||||
|
||||
早在开源的初期，我们就有了这个概念。事实上，微软也是这么做的。微软称之为“共享源代码”， [于2002年推出][5]，共享源代码是微软为其社区提供的一种方式，用来监测，但不触及（或重新分配）微软的源代码。SAP 的大数据主管 Vijay Vijayasankar 提醒我们，对微软来说这个方法没有这么好，但对GitHub 可能会做的更好：
|
||||
|
||||
> [@dberkholz][6]我记得OSI人士严重批评了微软，说这是微软的一个营销噱头。但这次 GitHub 会做得更好
|
||||
> — Vijay Vijayasankar (@vijayasankarv) [2014年2月27日][7]
|
||||
|
||||
他也许是对的。
|
||||
|
||||
### GitHub 时代神圣不可侵犯 ###
|
||||
|
||||
毕竟，微软是邪恶帝国，一直将开源抹黑为“毒瘤”之类的东西。而 GitHub，无论在哪儿，都是开源项目的养父母。 [2013年][8] GitHub突破千万代码库，增添300万新用户，每周狂热的活跃量包括：20,000个问题，50,000个评论，250,000个来自世界各地贡献者的提交，保证了代码库进展。
|
||||
|
||||
换句话说，GitHub是零起点的开源项目。
|
||||
|
||||
也许正因为如此，GitHub 得到了一个免费通行证。在[HackerNews评论][9]上，[少数人似乎过于在意，][10]他们认为 GitHub 没有真正开源 Atom。作为一个社区，开源已经在很大程度上战胜了免费软件：少教条，更实用。我们已经身处这样一个节点，许多所谓的“GitHub一代”[甚至懒得去费心将许可证分配给他们的软件][11]。
|
||||
|
||||
这是好事吗？
|
||||
|
||||
很难说，甚至很难与 GitHub 的做法争辩，它带给世界一个高品质、低成本的文本编辑器，似乎并没有伤害任何人，潜在里还可能帮助许多人。开源社区是自由意志论者：并不愿意去制定许可证，它更关心的是良好的代码和产品。
|
||||
|
||||
这就是为什么 GitHub、Atlassian 和 Amazon 的 Web 服务都依赖于专有软件或服务来赚钱，同时却如此惊人地受到开源开发者的欢迎。
|
||||
|
||||
你了解了吗？
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://readwrite.com/2014/02/28/github-atom-text-editor#feed=/hack&awesm=~oxpErHVIIaxz3H
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[乌龙茶](https://github.com/yechunxiao19) 校对：[Caroline](https://github.com/carolinewuyan) [Mr小眼儿](http://blog.csdn.net/tinyeyeser)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.cioinsight.com/blogs/open-source-has-changed-everything.html#sthash.ESY4Kc3r.u8rX81Ow.dpuf
|
||||
[2]:https://github.com/atom
|
||||
[3]:http://thenextweb.com/apps/2014/02/26/github-releases-text-editor-coders-named-atom/#!xHNqf
|
||||
[4]:http://discuss.atom.io/t/why-is-atom-closed-source/82/8
|
||||
[5]:http://www.geek.com/news/microsoft-rep-clarifies-shared-source-initiative-550824/
|
||||
[6]:https://twitter.com/dberkholz
|
||||
[7]:https://twitter.com/vijayasankarv/statuses/438882094429642752
|
||||
[8]:http://octoverse.github.com/
|
||||
[9]:https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=7302941
|
||||
[10]:https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=7310017
|
||||
[11]:http://readwrite.com/2013/05/15/open-source-is-old-school-says-the-github-generation#awesm=~ox6tkvcaUwiEF0
|
||||
51
published/How to Wipe Free Disk Space in Linux.md
Normal file
51
published/How to Wipe Free Disk Space in Linux.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
|
||||
如何在 Linux 中安全擦除删除的文件
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**下面的教程将教给所有的 Linux 用户关于如何安全的擦除可用的硬盘驱动器（HDD）、固态硬盘驱动器（SSD）以及 USB 闪存驱动器空间，以使任何人都不能恢复被删除的文件。**
|
||||
|
||||
是否有注意到，当你从系统中删除了一个文件，或从回收站中彻底删除后，它就会在文件系统中消失，但是，该文件实际上并未消失，它驻留在你的磁盘驱动器的可用空间中，仍然可以用数据恢复应用程序恢复回来。
|
||||
|
||||
这篇教程会提供两种方法。第一种是使用一款名叫 Wipe Free Space 的应用程序，它是由波兰开发者 Bogdan Drozdowski 开发的。第二种方法会使用众所周知的 BleachBit 软件。
|
||||
|
||||
虽然 BleachBit 是一款图形应用程序，Wipe Free Spac 是一款命令行软件，但开发者也提供了易用的图形用户界面（GUI），即使初级用户也可以容易使用，用来安全的擦除他们磁盘的可用空间。
|
||||
|
||||
> 选编者注：在继续往下阅读之前，最好知道这些应用程序会擦除未被使用的簇和块上的可用空间，也会擦除使用过的块上的所谓“闲置空间”，即删除文件和其他任意数据后可供再次使用的空间。
|
||||
|
||||
### 方法 1 - Wipe Free Space & Wipe Free Space GUI ###
|
||||
|
||||
从你的 Linux 发布版本的默认软件源仓库中可以很容易的就安装上 Wipe Free Space 命令行应用程序。可以使用基于 RPM 的 Linux 发行版二进制包，也可以直接用源代码来编译安装。
|
||||
|
||||
安装完成后，可以从[这儿][1]下载图形用户界面前端程序，保存在 home 目录下，解压缩，然后双击 run.sh （或者在终端窗口下执行 sh run.sh 命令）文件就可以打开。
|
||||
|
||||
应用程序打开后，你可以把 wipefreespace 目录的可执行文件路径添加进来，所以点击“浏览”按钮，到 /usr/bin/ 下查找。然后添加要被擦除的文件系统。
|
||||
|
||||
确保已经勾选了窗口左边的 "Wipe only with zeros" 选项。如果你需要勾选更多的选项，首先请查看手册来了解怎么使用，因为他们可能会使你的驱动器崩溃。现在，请点击“开始擦除”按钮开始执行。
|
||||
|
||||
### 方法 2 - BleachBit ###
|
||||
|
||||
这是最容易的方法，建议初级用户使用。从你的 Linux 发布版本的默认软件源仓库中很容易的就可以安装 BleachBit 应用程序。打开它，请确保您在侧边栏上的系统部分选中“可用磁盘空间”选项。点击“清除”按钮开始执行。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
*BleachBit 的可用空间选项*
|
||||
|
||||
整个擦除操作会进行很长时间。在主窗口上你可以看到详细的进度。如果你在这篇教程中遇到问题，别犹豫，在下面发表评论吧。
|
||||
|
||||
Wipe Free Space GUI 0.5 下载:
|
||||
|
||||
- [Wipe Free Space GUI 0.5 tar.gz][2][binary] [210 KB]
|
||||
- [Wipe Free Space GUI 0.5 tar.gz][3][sources] [380 KB]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/How-to-Wipe-Free-Disk-Space-in-Linux-429965.shtml
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[runningwater](https://github.com/runningwater) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://linux.softpedia.com/get/System/System-Administration/Wipe-Free-Space-GUI-50722.shtml
|
||||
[2]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/wipefreespace/files/wipefreespace-gui-java/0.5/WipeFreeSpaceGUI-java-bin-0.5.tar.gz/download
|
||||
[3]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/wipefreespace/files/wipefreespace-gui-java/0.5/WipeFreeSpaceGUI-java-src-0.5.tar.gz/download
|
||||
@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
|
||||
如何在 Ubuntu server 中设置 RainLoop 网页邮件
|
||||
如何在 Ubuntu server 中设置 RainLoop Webmail
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
网页邮件无疑是任何邮件服务器必不可少的一部分。而本地邮件客户端通常比网页邮件的功能更多，通过电子邮件客户端从外部可信的网络访问IMAP或SMTP有时会很棘手。再则，当你需要一个特定的工作站、笔记本电脑或者移动设备去使用一个电子邮件客户端，你可以在任何地方使用网页邮件服务，只要你接入互联网。
|
||||
Webmail无疑是任何邮件服务器必不可少的一部分。虽然本地邮件客户端通常比Webmail的功能更多，但通过电子邮件客户端从外部可信的网络访问IMAP或SMTP有时会很棘手。再者，当你需要在一个特定的工作站、笔记本电脑或者移动设备去使用一个电子邮件客户端时，你可以在任何地方使用Webmail服务，只要你接入互联网。
|
||||
|
||||
本教程的重点是在一个运行 Apache 的 Ubuntu 服务器上设置[RainLoop][1]网页邮件。RainLoop 是基于 PHP 的网页邮件，并且有以下功能。
|
||||
本教程的重点是在一个运行 Apache 的 Ubuntu 服务器上安装配置[RainLoop][1] Webmail。RainLoop 是基于 PHP 的Webmail，并且有以下功能。
|
||||
|
||||
- 支持apache，nginx和其它网页服务器。
|
||||
- 标准接口补充了一个主题库可供选择。
|
||||
@ -43,11 +43,11 @@
|
||||
|
||||
当然，建议尽快修改默认密码。我们将使用管理面板去调整一下设置。
|
||||
|
||||
### 增加域 ###
|
||||
### 增加邮件域 ###
|
||||
|
||||
在 管理面板> 域> 增加域 页面设置有效的域。建议服务器 IP 是本地服务器，如 127.0.0.1。基于服务器配置，RainLoop 可以配置使用 IMAP/IMAPS 或 SMTP/SMTPS。并且，确认‘使用短登录表单’复选框已勾选。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
使用‘测试连接’按钮验证设置。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
|
||||
|
||||
现在这个功能可以通过管理面板>联系人页面启用。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
再来一次，使用‘测试’按钮检查设置。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -76,11 +76,11 @@
|
||||
|
||||
接下来，去允许 RainLoop 使用 poppassd，从 管理面板> 软件包 页面安装 RainLoop 插件 poppassd。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
最后，poppassd 插件可以从 管理面板> 插件页面启用。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
现在所有参数已设置，用户可以从他们提供的凭证登录，如截图所示。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -88,7 +88,7 @@
|
||||
- user: user@domain
|
||||
- pass: password
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
希望这篇文章能帮助到你。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
|
||||
Linux 上的 MAC 地址欺骗
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
网卡生产商在每一张网卡（NIC）在出厂时都会在上面刻上一个48位的全球唯一标识符（GUID，例如08:4f:b5:05:56:a0），这串 GUID 就是网卡的 MAC 地址，用于确定一张网卡的身份。MAC 地址的高24位叫 OUI(Organizationally Unique Identifier)，是为网卡设置 MAC 地址的组织的标识符，这样一来，不同组织设置的 MAC 地址就不会冲突了。
|
||||
网卡生产商在每一张网卡（NIC）在出厂时都会在上面刻上一个48位的全球唯一标识符（GUID，例如08:4f:b5:05:56:a0），这串 GUID 就是网卡的 MAC 地址，用于确定一张网卡的身份。MAC 地址的高24位叫 OUI(Organizationally Unique Identifier 组织唯一标示符)，是为网卡设置 MAC 地址的组织的标识符，这样一来，不同组织设置的 MAC 地址就不会冲突了。（译注：实际生产中，并不是每个网络设备都有不同的MAC地址，有时候地址空间不足，生产商会给发往不同地区国家的产品中用相同的地址空间。）
|
||||
|
||||
虽然 MAC 地址由厂商指定，但用户可以改变它，这就是传说中的“MAC 地址欺骗”。本文将向大家展示**如何在 Linux 上玩 MAC 地址欺骗**。
|
||||
|
||||
### 为什么要玩 MAC 地址欺骗？ ###
|
||||
|
||||
想要理由？这里就给几个比较有技术含量的理由。 一些网络供应商会通过绑定你家路由器上的 MAC 地址来验证你的身份，这个时候如果你的路由器坏了，你怎么办？你可以暂时把你的电脑的 MAC 地址改成你家路由器的 MAC 地址，让你的 ISP 重新将你连入外网。
|
||||
想要理由？这里就给几个比较有技术含量的理由。 一些网络供应商会通过绑定你家路由器上的 MAC 地址来验证你的身份，这个时候如果你的路由器坏了，你怎么办？你可以暂时把你的电脑的 MAC 地址改成你家路由器的 MAC 地址，让你的 ISP 重新将你连入外网。（译注：有这种事情么？）
|
||||
|
||||
很多 DHCP 服务器会依赖 MAC 地址来分配 IP 地址。如果你想换一个分配给你的 IP 地址，你可以改改你的 MAC 地址。这样一来，你不必等着 DHCP 服务器给你重新分一个 IP 地址，而是马上就能得到一个新的。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ macchanger 这个命令可以让你把 MAC 地址改成不同生产厂商的序
|
||||
|
||||
$ macchanger -l | grep -i juniper
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
显示一块网卡原来的 MAC 地址和伪装的 MAC 地址：
|
||||
|
||||
@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ macchanger 这个命令可以让你把 MAC 地址改成不同生产厂商的序
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/02/spoof-mac-address-network-interface-linux.html
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[bazz2](https://github.com/bazz2) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[bazz2](https://github.com/bazz2) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
51
published/Interesting facts about Raspberry Pi.md
Normal file
51
published/Interesting facts about Raspberry Pi.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
|
||||
树莓派有趣的事实
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
树莓派庆祝了它的第二个生日。自从在2012.2.29初次登台以来，树莓派已经引导了一代新的微型、便宜的独板电脑。大量基于树莓派的DIY项目想法通过网络涌现，并且在开发世界中有许多使用案例将树莓派作为低成本学习媒介。为了庆祝它的第二个生日，我会在这篇文章中分享几个**树莓派有趣的事实**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
1. [100,000 块树莓派板子][1] 在发行首日售出，并且现在已有超过 [250万块板子][2] 在世界范围内售出。
|
||||
|
||||
2. 首批树莓派在中国台湾制造,，但是现在所有在售的板子在 [英国制造][3]。
|
||||
|
||||
3. 树莓派可以超频 (通过进入所谓的 [turbo 模式][4])。 你可以修改 [overclocking/overvolting options][5] 或者在运行时使用raspi-config工具，或者在启动时修改启动参数/boot/config.txt。改变 overclocking/overvolting 选项不会影响你的保修。
|
||||
|
||||
4. 树莓派不带MPEG-2解码器。 增加一个MPEG-2/VC-1编码授权会[增加10%的板子价格][6]。 因此，你可以在你需要的时候再 [购买 MPEG-2/VC-1 序列号][7]。购买的序列号与你的树莓派绑定在一起。
|
||||
|
||||
5. 你 [不可以在树莓派上(ARMv6)运行Windows 8][8]，因为 Windows 8 要求ARMv7或者更高级的处理器。同样地，你不可以在树莓派上运行Ubuntu因为Ubuntu也只支持 [ARMv7 后者更高][9]。
|
||||
|
||||
6. 树莓派(Raspberry Pi)[最初][10]的名字是: "树莓"(Raspberry)，这起源于以前对于微处理器以水果命名的传统。 "派"(Pi)指的是 "Python" 因为Python是第一个移植到树莓派的程序.
|
||||
|
||||
7. [树莓派logo][11]中的树莓实际上是一个3D [富勒烯][12] (或者巴克球)，它一共有32面。 logo中的11面是可见的。凑巧的是，树莓派有一颗32位的ARM11处理器。
|
||||
|
||||
8. Methematica， 一款商业的流行的计算软件，现在已经在树莓派上[免费捆绑了][13]。
|
||||
|
||||
9. (感谢加里•格兰特) Kickstarter上最大的基于树莓派的项目是 [Kano][14]，它的目的是发行一个计算机/编码工具箱来帮助各年龄段的人制造一套他们自己的电脑。项目已经从13,387名支持者中获得$1,522,160。
|
||||
|
||||
10. 根据 [Rastrack.co.uk][15]，树莓派最流行的国家是英国。
|
||||
|
||||
就是这些。如果你有任何关于树莓派有趣的事实，欢迎随时插话。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/03/interesting-facts-raspberry-pi.html
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.zdnet.com/we-thought-wed-sell-1000-the-inside-story-of-the-raspberry-pi-7000009718/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/6299
|
||||
[3]:http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/5016
|
||||
[4]:http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/2008
|
||||
[5]:http://elinux.org/RPi_config.txt#Overclocking_options
|
||||
[6]:http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/1839
|
||||
[7]:http://www.raspberrypi.com/
|
||||
[8]:http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/digitalfoundry-inside-raspberry-pi
|
||||
[9]:https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ARM
|
||||
[10]:http://www.techspot.com/article/531-eben-upton-interview/
|
||||
[11]:http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/221
|
||||
[12]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckminsterfullerene
|
||||
[13]:http://blog.stephenwolfram.com/2013/11/putting-the-wolfram-language-and-mathematica-on-every-raspberry-pi/
|
||||
[14]:https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/alexklein/kano-a-computer-anyone-can-make
|
||||
[15]:http://www.rastrack.co.uk/
|
||||
113
published/Linux Kernel News - January and February 2014.md
Normal file
113
published/Linux Kernel News - January and February 2014.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
|
||||
Linux 内核事件回顾－2014年1月及2月
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
过去两个月来，我一直在本文中更新报道Linux项目的进展情况。请原谅我最近在埋头于一些开发工作。闲话少说，让我们赶紧把落下的功课补上。
|
||||
|
||||
###主线发布（Linus的分支）的相关新闻###
|
||||
|
||||
2014年1月19日，Linux3.13发布。详见[Linux3.13是什么][1]。2014年3月2日，3.14-rc5发布。根据rc版本发布的进程来看，2014年3月底前Linux3.14应该就能正式发布。git中3.14-rc1已经PR（pull requests）的一些摘要更新如下：
|
||||
|
||||
### 来自Len Brown的turbostat更新： ###
|
||||
|
||||
> 一个新的命令行选项 -s，用来dump计数器
|
||||
>
|
||||
> 加强对Haswell Xeon [HSX]的支持。HSX在支持RAPL上与HSW客户端稍有不同，HSX的上一个版本并不支持turbostat。
|
||||
|
||||
### 来自Olof Johansson的针对ARM SoC的修复： ###
|
||||
|
||||
> 在defconfig中针对相应的平台设备增加了新的驱动
|
||||
>
|
||||
> 增加多平台覆盖率，修改一些DTS，统一相关设备及其衍生产品的驱动支持
|
||||
|
||||
### 来自Catalin Marinasd的ARM64位补丁：###
|
||||
|
||||
> 支持用PTE_WRITE位来区分某个页面是干净可写的，还是真正的只读页面。
|
||||
|
||||
### 来自Rafael Wysocki的ACPI及电源管理更新：###
|
||||
|
||||
> 修改ACPI核心，即不论当前设备的状态如何，在扫描命名空间的同时，为ACPI表中列出的每一个设备创建一个acpi_device结构对象。这一改动可以在ACPI表失效前，有效防止ACPI热插拔操作时错误地删除某些对象。
|
||||
>
|
||||
> Todd E Brandt提供了一个用于挂起/恢复性能优化的新工具
|
||||
>
|
||||
> 修改初始化代码，将ACPI的初始化提前，这样内核就能在计时器初始化的时候继续使用ACPI，同时有可能简化EFI的初始化。 —— 来自李春义（音Chun-Yi Lee）
|
||||
>
|
||||
> apm-仿真：添加APM休眠事件使其支持suspend2disk —— 用于改进使用休眠技术实现快速启动的嵌入式系统。通过此改动，APM事件通知软件组件，准备休眠以及状态恢复。捕捉apm状态可以有效帮助实现快速启动，同时保持系统状态，用于休眠和恢复。这一改动使apm支持“挂起到磁盘”。
|
||||
|
||||
### 来自张瑞（音Zhang Rui）的热量管理更新：###
|
||||
|
||||
> 实时显示设备树的基础设施硬件的热性能。该工作包含了设备树介绍，描述硬件热行为及其限制，读取分析热数据，并建立热区间及其热参数。另外针对三家设备（TI SoC和hwmon的两台设备）的传感器设备使用新的表述方式进行API初始验证。这是完成验证工作的第一步，即使设备转为使用相应的API并进行验证。
|
||||
|
||||
### Links to 3.14-rcs ###
|
||||
|
||||
- [Linux 3.14-rc1 is out][2]
|
||||
- [Linux 3.14-rc2][3]
|
||||
- [Linux 3.14-rc3][4]
|
||||
- [Linux 3.14-rc4][5]
|
||||
- [Linux 3.14-rc5][6]
|
||||
|
||||
### 稳定分支发布的相关新闻 ###
|
||||
|
||||
Jiri Slaby正在接管3.12稳定分支的长期维护工作。Greg KH将继续负责kernel.org的发布。Jiri Slaby负责补丁汇总，发布候选声明。详见[3.12-稳定版内核分支由Jiri Slaby接管][7]。最新的稳定分支发布如下：
|
||||
|
||||
### 最新稳定版及扩展版发布 ###
|
||||
|
||||
#### Release Version Projected EOL ####
|
||||
Stable 3.13 3.13.6 Not announced
|
||||
Stable 3.12 3.12.14 Not announced
|
||||
Stable 3.11 3.11.10 EOL November 29 2013
|
||||
Longterm 3.10 3.10.33 September 2015
|
||||
Longterm 3.4 3.4.82 October 2014
|
||||
Longterm 3.2 3.2.55 2016
|
||||
Longterm 3.0 3.0.101 EOL October 22 2013
|
||||
Longterm 2.6.34 2.6.34.15 EOL February 10 2014
|
||||
Longterm 2.6.32 2.6.32.61 mid-2014
|
||||
Extended stable 3.11.y.z 3.11.10.6 [Extended Stable][8]
|
||||
Extended stable 3.8.y.z 3.8.13.19 [Extended Stable][9]
|
||||
Extended stable 3.5.y.z 3.5.7.31 [Extended Stable][10]
|
||||
|
||||
如果你还想知道这些稳定版的发布是如何管理的，或者新版多久发布一次，详见[Active kernel releases][11]。
|
||||
|
||||
### Linux RT ###
|
||||
|
||||
Linux RT的稳定版发布多的不胜枚举。请移步linux-stable-rt.git查看最新版本。
|
||||
|
||||
### 哪里能找到Linux发布的所有git树？ ###
|
||||
|
||||
#### Linux Release Git ####
|
||||
|
||||
Mainline git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git
|
||||
Stable releases (all) git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux-stable.git
|
||||
Linux RT releases git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rt/linux-stable-rt.git
|
||||
Extended stable releases git://kernel.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/linux.git
|
||||
Bleeding edge linux-next git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/next/linux-next.git
|
||||
|
||||
### 思考写在最后 ###
|
||||
|
||||
3.13中的“TCP快速启动”从某些类型的TCP会话中去除了一轮时间轮询，从而大大提升了TCP连接的建立速度，web网页的加载速度也得以改进。
|
||||
|
||||
针对ARM的相关修改是3.14-rc1中的重要更新。许多新设备现在都支持或增加了多平台设备的覆盖率，对DTS的一些修改统一了相关设备及其衍生产品的驱动支持。相对于以前的设备树需要平台间的迁移，多平台配置配合DTS改进现在仅需一个通用设备驱动。这对于ARM的拓展是件好事，它开始能够支持PCI设备了。
|
||||
|
||||
改进嵌入式设备的休眠功能，进而用于快速启动，这对手机和嵌入式设备是个利好。谁愿意自己的手机休眠的时候总出意外？
|
||||
|
||||
Linux3.14-rc5的声明中，Linus Torvalds说道“下一周，下一个rc。一切都很平静，一切都很正常。”基于此，如果没有特殊情况，Linux3.14将在两到三周内发布。与往常一样，紧接着下一个合并窗口也就是3.15-rc1即将打开。
|
||||
|
||||
如果有人想知道Jiri Slaby接管3.12的长期维护后有哪些改变，请放心，一切如常。Jiri Slaby将搜集补丁，发布候补。我志愿测试3.12的候补发布，Guenter Roeck志愿在3.12的补丁队列上运行他的build测试。Greg KH将负责kernel.org的最终发布。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.linuxjournal.com/content/linux-kernel-news-january-and-february-2014
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[Mr小眼儿](http://blog.csdn.net/tinyeyeser) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://kernelnewbies.org/LinuxChanges
|
||||
[2]:https://lkml.org/lkml/2014/2/2/176
|
||||
[3]:https://lkml.org/lkml/2014/2/9/372
|
||||
[4]:https://lkml.org/lkml/2014/2/16/120
|
||||
[5]:https://lkml.org/lkml/2014/2/23/234
|
||||
[6]:https://lkml.org/lkml/2014/3/2/257
|
||||
[7]:https://lkml.org/lkml/2014/2/26/596
|
||||
[8]:https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/Dev/ExtendedStable
|
||||
[9]:https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/Dev/ExtendedStable
|
||||
[10]:https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/Dev/ExtendedStable
|
||||
[11]:https://www.kernel.org/category/releases.html
|
||||
0
published/The Linux Kernel/02 The Linux Kernel--The Source Code.md
Executable file → Normal file
0
published/The Linux Kernel/02 The Linux Kernel--The Source Code.md
Executable file → Normal file
0
published/The Linux Kernel/03 The Linux Kernel--Drivers.md
Executable file → Normal file
0
published/The Linux Kernel/03 The Linux Kernel--Drivers.md
Executable file → Normal file
0
published/The Linux Kernel/04 The Linux Kernel--Security.md
Executable file → Normal file
0
published/The Linux Kernel/04 The Linux Kernel--Security.md
Executable file → Normal file
0
published/The Linux Kernel/05 The Linux Kernel--Configuring the Kernel Part 1.md
Executable file → Normal file
0
published/The Linux Kernel/05 The Linux Kernel--Configuring the Kernel Part 1.md
Executable file → Normal file
0
published/The Linux Kernel/06 The Linux Kernel--Configuring the Kernel Part 2.md
Executable file → Normal file
0
published/The Linux Kernel/06 The Linux Kernel--Configuring the Kernel Part 2.md
Executable file → Normal file
0
published/The Linux Kernel/07 The Linux Kernel--Configuring the Kernel Part 3.md
Executable file → Normal file
0
published/The Linux Kernel/07 The Linux Kernel--Configuring the Kernel Part 3.md
Executable file → Normal file
0
published/The Linux Kernel/08 The Linux Kernel--Configuring the Kernel Part 4.md
Executable file → Normal file
0
published/The Linux Kernel/08 The Linux Kernel--Configuring the Kernel Part 4.md
Executable file → Normal file
0
published/The Linux Kernel/10 The Linux Kernel--Configuring the Kernel Part 6.md
Executable file → Normal file
0
published/The Linux Kernel/10 The Linux Kernel--Configuring the Kernel Part 6.md
Executable file → Normal file
0
published/The Linux Kernel/11 The Linux Kernel--Configuring the Kernel Part 7.md
Executable file → Normal file
0
published/The Linux Kernel/11 The Linux Kernel--Configuring the Kernel Part 7.md
Executable file → Normal file
0
published/The Linux Kernel/12 The Linux Kernel--Configuring the Kernel Part 8.md
Executable file → Normal file
0
published/The Linux Kernel/12 The Linux Kernel--Configuring the Kernel Part 8.md
Executable file → Normal file
0
published/The Linux Kernel/13 The Linux Kernel--Configuring the Kernel Part 9.md
Executable file → Normal file
0
published/The Linux Kernel/13 The Linux Kernel--Configuring the Kernel Part 9.md
Executable file → Normal file
@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ CDC网络控制模型(NCM)同样有一个驱动提供了规范(CDC NCM support)
|
||||
|
||||
再说一次，还有更多的驱动用于供货商特定设备。
|
||||
|
||||
有趣的事实：Linux被用于制作James Cameron的电影"泰坦尼克"的特效。
|
||||
有趣的事实：Linux被用于制作James Cameron的电影"泰坦尼克"的特效。
|
||||
|
||||
"CDC Phonet support"是用于使用Phonet的Nokia USB调制解调器。(译注：Phonet是Nokia开发的面向数据包的通信协议,仅用于Nokia maemo/meego产品)
|
||||
|
||||
@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ CDC网络控制模型(NCM)同样有一个驱动提供了规范(CDC NCM support)
|
||||
|
||||
内核开发者可能注意到一些无线设备可以支持QoS。QoS代表"Quality of Service"(服务质量)。这个特性给予网络传输优先级。假设需要通过网络传输两组数据。只有一个可以先发送。QoS会先发送最重要的数据。
|
||||
|
||||
有趣的事实：技术上来说，Linux并不是一个操作系统。Linux是一种内核而GNU/Linux是操作系统。。
|
||||
有趣的事实：技术上来说，Linux并不是一个操作系统。Linux是一种内核而GNU/Linux才是操作系统。
|
||||
|
||||
WAN卡需要"Generic HDLC layer"。HDLC代表"High-Level Data Link Control"(高级数据链路控制)。这是一个数据链路层协议。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ HDLC同样支持PPP(Synchronous Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) support)和X.25(X.
|
||||
|
||||
VMware使用vmxnet3虚拟以太网需要这个驱动(VMware VMXNET3 ethernet driver)。当在为大量用户编译内核时，最好将这个启用为一个模块，因为一些人可能并不希望在VMware上使用以太网。
|
||||
|
||||
Hyper-V虚拟网络需要这个驱动(Microsoft Hyper-V virtual network driver)。你可能想知道这个是否与微软的Hyper-V相同。使得，Linux支持Hyper-V。
|
||||
Hyper-V虚拟网络需要这个驱动(Microsoft Hyper-V virtual network driver)。你可能想知道这个是否与微软的Hyper-V相同？是的，Linux支持Hyper-V。
|
||||
|
||||
数字电话服务ISDN由这个驱动提供(ISDN support)。ISDN代表"Integrated Services Digital Network"(综合业务数字网)。在法国，ISDN被称为RNIS，代表" Réseau numérique à intégration de services"。有一台ISDN适配器，计算机可以开始并接收语音呼叫。这允许计算机用来做因待机或者其他一些电话服务设备。ISDN同样也可以携带视频信息。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ Hyper-V虚拟网络需要这个驱动(Microsoft Hyper-V virtual network driver)
|
||||
|
||||
注意：当为广泛的用户组编译内核时，包含大多数或者全部输入设备作为模块，因为通常不知道用户可能插到计算机上的设备类型。
|
||||
|
||||
有趣的事实：Vanilla内核就是Linux自己的原始内核，是未改变的状态。
|
||||
有趣的事实：Vanilla内核就是Linux自己的原始内核，是未改变的状态。
|
||||
|
||||
"Mouse interface"对于鼠标创建了两个不同的设备文件。这两个设备文件是/dev/input/mouseX 和 /dev/input/mice。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -116,6 +116,6 @@ Hyper-V虚拟网络需要这个驱动(Microsoft Hyper-V virtual network driver)
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.linux.org/threads/the-linux-kernel-configuring-the-kernel-part-15.4793/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ PS/2复用同样需要一个驱动(TQC PS/2 multiplexer)。
|
||||
|
||||
ARC FPGA平台对于PS/2控制器需要特殊的驱动(ARC PS/2 support)。
|
||||
|
||||
注意：我想要说清楚这篇文章中讨论的PS/2空孩子气并不是Sony的PlayStation上的游戏控制器。这篇文章讨论的是6针鼠标/键盘端口。控制器是一种有PS/2端口的卡。
|
||||
注意：我想要说清楚这篇文章中讨论的PS/2控制器并不是Sony的PlayStation上的游戏控制器。这篇文章讨论的是6针鼠标/键盘端口。控制器是一种有PS/2端口的卡。
|
||||
|
||||
"Gameport support"提供对15针gameport的支持。gameport是一种曾经被很多游戏设备使用直到USB端口的发明的15针口。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ ForteMedia FM801 PCI音频控制器在卡上有一个音频控制器(ForteMedia
|
||||
|
||||
虚拟终端可以用这个驱动作为系统控制台(Support for console on virtual terminal)。系统控制台管理着登陆和内核信息/警告。
|
||||
|
||||
虚拟终端必须通过控制台驱动与物理终端交互(Support for binding and unbinding console drivers)。在虚拟终端可以这么做之前，控制台驱动必须被加载。当虚拟终端关闭后，控制台终端必须被卸载。
|
||||
虚拟终端必须通过控制台驱动与物理终端交互(Support for binding and unbinding console drivers)。在虚拟终端可用之前，控制台驱动必须被加载。当虚拟终端关闭后，控制台终端必须被卸载。
|
||||
|
||||
下一个驱动提供了对Unix98 PTY驱动的支持(Unix98 PTY support)。这是Unix98伪终端。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ ForteMedia FM801 PCI音频控制器在卡上有一个音频控制器(ForteMedia
|
||||
|
||||
这个驱动支持GSM MUX协议(GSM多路复用)(GSM MUX line discipline support (EXPERIMENTAL))。
|
||||
|
||||
下一个驱动启用kmen设备文件(/dev/kmem virtual device support)。kmem通常用于内核调试。kmem可以用于读取某些内核变量和状态。
|
||||
下一个驱动启用kmem设备文件(/dev/kmem virtual device support)。kmem通常用于内核调试。kmem可以用于读取某些内核变量和状态。
|
||||
|
||||
Stallion卡上面有许多串口Stallion multiport serial support)。这个驱动特别支持这块卡。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -112,6 +112,6 @@ RSA串口同样也在Linux内核中支持(Support RSA serial ports)。RSA代表
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.linux.org/threads/the-linux-kernel-configuring-the-kernel-part-16.4835/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
|
||||
|
||||
"Hangcheck timer"用于检测系统是否被锁定。这个定时器监视着锁定进程。当一个进程被冻结了，定时器就开启。当定时器停止后，如果进程还没有重启或者关闭，那么定时器会强迫进程关闭。
|
||||
|
||||
引用Linus Torvalds的话：可移植性是对于那些无法写新程序的人而言的。
|
||||
> 引用Linus Torvalds的话：可移植性是对于那些无法写新程序的人而言的。
|
||||
|
||||
使用Trusted Computing Group(可信赖计算组)规范的TPM安全芯片会需要这个驱动(TPM Hardware Support)。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ I2C系统启用这个特性可以生成调试信息(I2C Core debugging messages)
|
||||
|
||||
下一个驱动生成额外的I2C调试信息(I2C Algorithm debugging messages)。
|
||||
|
||||
引用Linus Torvalds的话：Linux中没有原始设备的原因似乎我个人任何原始设备是一个愚蠢的注意。
|
||||
> 引用Linus Torvalds的话：Linux中没有原始设备的原因似乎我个人任何原始设备是一个愚蠢的注意。
|
||||
|
||||
下面的驱动会使I2C驱动生成调试信息(I2C Bus debugging messages)。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ SCSI的RDMA协议同样可以通过InfiniBand传输(InfiniBand SCSI RDMA Protoco
|
||||
|
||||
EDAC可以用来设置发送调试信息给Linux的日志系统(Debugging)。
|
||||
|
||||
引用Linus Torvalds的话：没有人可以第一次创造如此好的代码，除了我。
|
||||
> 引用Linus Torvalds的话：没有人可以第一次创造如此好的代码，除了我。
|
||||
|
||||
"Machine Check Exceptions"(机器检测异常)(MCEs)通过这个驱动被转化成可读的信息(Decode MCEs in human-readable form (only on AMD for now))。MCEs是由CPU检测到的硬件错误。MCEs通常触发内核错误。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ EDAC可以用来设置发送调试信息给Linux的日志系统(Debugging)。
|
||||
|
||||
下面，还有很多用于特定设备组的检测和纠正错误的驱动。
|
||||
|
||||
引用Linus Torvalds的话：理论和实践有时会冲突。那这个发生时，理论输了。每次都是。
|
||||
> 引用Linus Torvalds的话：理论和实践有时会冲突。那这个发生时，理论输了。每次都是。
|
||||
|
||||
现在我们可以进入实时时钟("Real Time Clock")。这通常缩写为"RTC"。RTC一直跟随着时间。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ DMA系统可以使用网络减小CPU使用(Network: TCP receive copy offload)。
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.linux.org/threads/the-linux-kernel-configuring-the-kernel-part-17.4875/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
|
||||
Ubuntu Touch 的邮件客户端样例的设计看起来很炫哦
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
电子邮件App是迄今为止Ubuntu Touch上面最受关注的应用之一，并且，激烈的战役正在前端打响。 最近，一个设计者针对这个app设计了一套外观，并在Google+上面分享了样例。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
所有Ubuntu Touch用户都在等待很快到来的那个email客户端，不过现在，它可以提前让我们眼前一亮了，因为[Andrea Del Sarto][1]发布了一个样例，它看起来美极了！
|
||||
|
||||
当谈及email客户端时，用户的体验较为局限，我们所知的一切关于email app的外观和工作原理的知识都是来自于Blackberry, Android, 或者 iOS。然而摆在Ubuntu开发人员的面前的，是一条艰难的道路，因为他们是从头开始，并且他们总得令Ubuntu相较于其他系统有一些不同的体验。
|
||||
|
||||
找个样例是一个良好的开端，坦白地讲，它看起来要比那些在其他平台上面已有的实现都要好。设计工作才刚刚开始，然而从这中间，我们能够看到的是，Ubuntu email客户端将会变的更加美观，以及它将充分利用了Ubuntu Touch最好的特性之一：即其底部无虚拟按键。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu Touch Email Client Mockup Design
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu Touch Email Client Mockup Design
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-Touch-Email-Client-Mockup-Design-Looks-Fantastic-432758.shtml
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[tomatoKiller](https://github.com/tomatoKiller) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:https://plus.google.com/u/0/+AndreaDelSarto88/posts/75vU5XoNDjA
|
||||
@ -1,415 +0,0 @@
|
||||
>>**Linchenguang翻译中**
|
||||
|
||||
20 Funny Commands of Linux or Linux is Fun in Terminal
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
**Linux** is fun! **Huhhh**. OK so you don’t believe me. Mind me at the end of this article you will have to believe that **Linux** is actually a fun box.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. Command: sl (Steam Locomotive) ###
|
||||
|
||||
You might be aware of command ‘ls‘ the list command and use it frequently to view the contents of a folder but because of miss-typing sometimes you would result in ‘sl‘, how about getting a little fun in terminal and not “command not found“.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Install sl ####
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# apt-get install sl (In Debian like OS)
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# yum -y install sl (In Red Hat like OS)
|
||||
|
||||
#### Output ####
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# sl
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
This command works even when you type ‘**LS**‘ and not ‘**ls**‘.
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. Command: telnet ###
|
||||
|
||||
**No! No!!** it is not as much complex as it seems. You would be familiar with **telnet**. Telnet is a text-oriented bidirectional network protocol over network. Here is nothing to be installed. What you should have is a Linux box and a working Internet.
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# telnet towel.blinkenlights.nl
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3. Command: fortune ####
|
||||
|
||||
what about getting your random fortune, sometimes funny in terminal.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Install fortune ####
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# apt-get install fortune (for aptitude based system)
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# yum install fortune (for yum based system)
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# fortune
|
||||
|
||||
You're not my type. For that matter, you're not even my species!!!
|
||||
Future looks spotty. You will spill soup in late evening.
|
||||
You worry too much about your job. Stop it. You are not paid enough to worry.
|
||||
Your love life will be... interesting.
|
||||
|
||||
### 4. Command: rev (Reverse) ###
|
||||
|
||||
It **reverse** every string given to it, is not it funny.
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# rev
|
||||
|
||||
123abc
|
||||
cba321
|
||||
|
||||
xuniL eb ot nrob
|
||||
born to be Linux
|
||||
|
||||
### 5. Command: factor ###
|
||||
|
||||
Time for some **Mathematics**, this command output all the possible factors of a given number.
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# factor
|
||||
|
||||
5
|
||||
5: 5
|
||||
|
||||
12
|
||||
12: 2 2 3
|
||||
|
||||
1001
|
||||
1001: 7 11 13
|
||||
|
||||
5442134
|
||||
5442134: 2 2721067
|
||||
|
||||
### 6. Command: script ###
|
||||
|
||||
OK fine this is not a command and a script but it is nice.
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# for i in {1..12}; do for j in $(seq 1 $i); do echo -ne $i×$j=$((i*j))\\t;done; echo;done
|
||||
|
||||
1×1=1
|
||||
2×1=2 2×2=4
|
||||
3×1=3 3×2=6 3×3=9
|
||||
4×1=4 4×2=8 4×3=12 4×4=16
|
||||
5×1=5 5×2=10 5×3=15 5×4=20 5×5=25
|
||||
6×1=6 6×2=12 6×3=18 6×4=24 6×5=30 6×6=36
|
||||
7×1=7 7×2=14 7×3=21 7×4=28 7×5=35 7×6=42 7×7=49
|
||||
8×1=8 8×2=16 8×3=24 8×4=32 8×5=40 8×6=48 8×7=56 8×8=64
|
||||
9×1=9 9×2=18 9×3=27 9×4=36 9×5=45 9×6=54 9×7=63 9×8=72 9×9=81
|
||||
10×1=10 10×2=20 10×3=30 10×4=40 10×5=50 10×6=60 10×7=70 10×8=80 10×9=90 10×10=100
|
||||
11×1=11 11×2=22 11×3=33 11×4=44 11×5=55 11×6=66 11×7=77 11×8=88 11×9=99 11×10=110 11×11=121
|
||||
12×1=12 12×2=24 12×3=36 12×4=48 12×5=60 12×6=72 12×7=84 12×8=96 12×9=108 12×10=120 12×11=132 12×12=144
|
||||
|
||||
### 7. Command: Cowsay ###
|
||||
|
||||
An **ASCII** cow in terminal that will say what ever you want.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Install Cowsay ####
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# apt-get install cowsay (for Debian based OS)
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# yum install cowsay (for Red Hat based OS)
|
||||
|
||||
#### Output ####
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# cowsay I Love nix
|
||||
|
||||
____________
|
||||
< I Love nix >
|
||||
------------
|
||||
\ ^__^
|
||||
\ (oo)\_______
|
||||
(__)\ )\/\
|
||||
||----w |
|
||||
|| ||
|
||||
|
||||
How about pipelineing ‘**fortune command**‘, described above with cowsay?
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# fortune | cowsay
|
||||
|
||||
_________________________________________
|
||||
/ Q: How many Oregonians does it take to \
|
||||
| screw in a light bulb? A: Three. One to |
|
||||
| screw in the light bulb and two to fend |
|
||||
| off all those |
|
||||
| |
|
||||
| Californians trying to share the |
|
||||
\ experience. /
|
||||
-----------------------------------------
|
||||
\ ^__^
|
||||
\ (oo)\_______
|
||||
(__)\ )\/\
|
||||
||----w |
|
||||
|| ||
|
||||
|
||||
**Note: ‘|‘** is called pipeline instruction and it is used where the output of one command needs to be the input of another command. In the above example the output of ‘**fortune**‘ command acts as an input of ‘**cowsay**‘ command. This pipeline instruction is frequently used in scripting and programming.
|
||||
|
||||
**xcowsay** is a graphical program which response similar to **cowsay** but in a graphical manner, hence it is **X** of cowsay.
|
||||
|
||||
apt-get insatll xcowsay
|
||||
yum install xcowsay
|
||||
|
||||
#### Output ####
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# xcowsay I Love nix
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**cowthink** is another command just run “cowthink Linux is sooo funny” and see the difference in output of cowsay and cowthink.
|
||||
|
||||
apt-get insatll cowthink
|
||||
yum install cowthink
|
||||
|
||||
#### Output ####
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# cowthink ....Linux is sooo funny
|
||||
_________________________
|
||||
( ....Linux is sooo funny )
|
||||
-------------------------
|
||||
o ^__^
|
||||
o (oo)\_______
|
||||
(__)\ )\/\
|
||||
||----w |
|
||||
|| ||
|
||||
|
||||
### 8. Command: yes ###
|
||||
|
||||
It is funny but useful as well, specially in scripts and for **System Administrators** where an automated predefined response can be passed to terminal or generated.
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# yes I Love Linux
|
||||
|
||||
I Love Linux
|
||||
I Love Linux
|
||||
I Love Linux
|
||||
I Love Linux
|
||||
I Love Linux
|
||||
I Love Linux
|
||||
I Love Linux
|
||||
I Love Linux
|
||||
I Love Linux
|
||||
I Love Linux
|
||||
I Love Linux
|
||||
I Love Linux
|
||||
|
||||
**Note**: (Till you interrupt i.e **ctrl+c**).
|
||||
|
||||
### 9. Command: toilet ###
|
||||
|
||||
what? Are u kidding, huhh no! Definitely not, but for sure this command name itself is too funny, and I don’t know from where this command gets it’s name.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Install toilet ####
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# apt-get install toilet
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# yum install toilet
|
||||
|
||||
#### Output ####
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# toilet tecmint
|
||||
|
||||
mmmmmmm " m
|
||||
# mmm mmm mmmmm mmm m mm mm#mm mmm mmm mmmmm
|
||||
# #" # #" " # # # # #" # # #" " #" "# # # #
|
||||
# #"""" # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
|
||||
# "#mm" "#mm" # # # mm#mm # # "mm # "#mm" "#m#" # # #
|
||||
|
||||
It even offers some kind of color and fonts style.
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# toilet -f mono12 -F metal Tecmint.com
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Note: Figlet** is another command that more or less provide such kind of effect in terminal.
|
||||
|
||||
### 10. Command: cmatrix ###
|
||||
|
||||
You might have seen Hollywood movie ‘**matrix**‘ and would be fascinated with power, **Neo** was provided with, to see anything and everything in matrix or you might think of an animation that looks alike **Hacker**‘s desktop.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Install cmatrix ####
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# apt-get install cmatrix
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# yum install cmatrix
|
||||
|
||||
#### Output ####
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# cmatrix
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 11. Command: oneko ###
|
||||
|
||||
OK so you believe that mouse pointer of Linux is the same silly black/white pointer where no animation lies then I fear you could be wrong. “**oneko**“ is a package that will attach a “**Jerry**“ with you mouse pointer and moves along with you pointer.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Install cmatrix ####
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# apt-get install oneko
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# yum install oneko
|
||||
|
||||
#### Output ####
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# oneko
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Note**: Once you close the terminal from which **oneko** was run, **jerry** will disappear, nor will start at start-up. You can add the application to start up and continue enjoying.
|
||||
|
||||
### 12. Fork Bomb ###
|
||||
|
||||
This is a very nasty piece of code. Run this at **your own risk**. This actually is a fork bomb which exponentially multiplies itself till all the system resource is utilized and the system hangs. (To check the power of above code you should try it once, but all at your own risk, close and save all other programs and file before running **fork bomb**).
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# :(){ :|:& }:
|
||||
|
||||
### 13. Command: while ###
|
||||
|
||||
The below “while” command is a script which provides you with colored date and file till you interrupt (ctrl + c). Just copy and paste the below code in terminal.
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# while true; do echo "$(date '+%D %T' | toilet -f term -F border --gay)"; sleep 1; done
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Note**: The above script when modified with following command, will gives similar output but with a little difference, check it in your terminal.
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# while true; do clear; echo "$(date '+%D %T' | toilet -f term -F border --gay)"; sleep 1; done
|
||||
|
||||
### 14. Command: espeak ###
|
||||
|
||||
Just Turn the Knob of your multimedia speaker to full before pasting this command in your terminal and let us know how you felt listening the god’s voice.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Install espeak ####
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# apt-get install espeak
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# yum install espeak
|
||||
|
||||
#### Output ####
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# espeak "Tecmint is a very good website dedicated to Foss Community"
|
||||
|
||||
### 15. Command: aafire ###
|
||||
|
||||
How about fire in your terminal. Just type “**aafire**” in the terminal, without quotes and see the magic. Press any key to interrupt the program.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Install aafire ####
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# apt-get install libaa-bin
|
||||
|
||||
#### Output ####
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# aafire
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 16. Command: bb ###
|
||||
|
||||
First install “**apt-get insatll bb**” and then, type “**bb**” in terminal and see what happens.
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# bb
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 17. Command: url ###
|
||||
|
||||
Won’t it be an awesome feeling for you if you can update you **twitter status** from command line in front of your friend and they seems impressed. OK just replace **username, password** and **your status message** with your’s **username, password** and “**your status message**“.
|
||||
|
||||
### 18. ASCIIquarium ###
|
||||
|
||||
How it will be to get an **aquarium** in terminal.
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# apt-get install libcurses-perl
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# cd /tmp
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# wget http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/K/KB/KBAUCOM/Term-Animation-2.4.tar.gz
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# tar -zxvf Term-Animation-2.4.tar.gz
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# cd Term-Animation-2.4/
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# perl Makefile.PL && make && make test
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# make install
|
||||
|
||||
#### Install ASCIIquarium ####
|
||||
|
||||
Now Download and Install **ASCIIquarium**.
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# cd /tmp
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# wget http://www.robobunny.com/projects/asciiquarium/asciiquarium.tar.gz
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# tar -zxvf asciiquarium.tar.gz
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# cd asciiquarium_1.1/
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# cp asciiquarium /usr/local/bin
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# chmod 0755 /usr/local/bin/asciiquarium
|
||||
|
||||
And finally run “**asciiquarium**” or “**/usr/local/bin/asciiquarium**“ in terminal without quotes and be a part of magic that will be taking place in front of your eyes.
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# asciiquarium
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 19. Command: funny manpages ###
|
||||
|
||||
First install “**apt-get install funny-manpages**” and then run man pages for the commands below. Some of them may be **18+**, run at your own risk, they all are too funny.
|
||||
|
||||
baby
|
||||
celibacy
|
||||
condom
|
||||
date
|
||||
echo
|
||||
flame
|
||||
flog
|
||||
gong
|
||||
grope, egrope, fgrope
|
||||
party
|
||||
rescrog
|
||||
rm
|
||||
rtfm
|
||||
tm
|
||||
uubp
|
||||
woman (undocumented)
|
||||
xkill
|
||||
xlart
|
||||
sex
|
||||
strfry
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# man baby
|
||||
|
||||
### 20. Linux Tweaks ###
|
||||
|
||||
It is time for you to have some one liner **tweaks**.
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# world
|
||||
|
||||
bash: world: not found
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# touch girls\ boo**
|
||||
|
||||
touch: cannot touch `girls boo**': Permission denied
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# nice man woman
|
||||
|
||||
No manual entry for woman
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# ^How did the sex change operation go?^
|
||||
|
||||
bash: :s^How did the sex change operation go?^ : substitution failed
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# %blow
|
||||
|
||||
bash: fg: %blow: no such job
|
||||
|
||||
root@tecmint:~# make love
|
||||
|
||||
make: *** No rule to make target `love'. Stop.
|
||||
|
||||
$ [ whereis my brain?
|
||||
sh: 2: [: missing ]
|
||||
|
||||
% man: why did you get a divorce?
|
||||
man:: Too many arguments.
|
||||
|
||||
% !:say, what is saccharine?
|
||||
Bad substitute.
|
||||
|
||||
server@localhost:/srv$ \(-
|
||||
bash: (-: command not found
|
||||
|
||||
Linux is sexy: **who | grep -i blonde | date; cd ~; unzip; touch; strip; finger; mount; gasp; yes; uptime; umount; sleep** (If you know what i mean)
|
||||
|
||||
There are certain other but these don’t work on all the system and hence not included in this article. Some of them are man **dog , filter, banner**, etc.
|
||||
|
||||
Have fun, you can say me thanks later :) yup your comment is highly appreciated which encourages us write more. Tell us which command you liked the most. Stay tuned i will be back soon with another article worth reading.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.tecmint.com/20-funny-commands-of-linux-or-linux-is-fun-in-terminal/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
@ -1,135 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[bazz2 hehehehehehe]
|
||||
5 Command Line Tools for Downloading Files/Torrents and Browsing Websites
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Linux command-line, the most adventurous and fascinating part of GNU/Linux is very cool and powerful tool. Command line itself is very productive and the availability of various inbuilt and third party command line application makes Linux robust and powerful. The Linux Shell supports a variety of web application of various kind be it torrent downloader, dedicated downloader or Internet Surfing.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Here we are presenting **5 great command line Internet tools**, which are very useful and proves to be very handy.
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. rTorrent ###
|
||||
|
||||
rTorrent is a text-based Torrent Client which is written in C++ aimed at high performance. It is available for most of the standard Linux Distributions including FreeBSD and Mac OS X.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Installation of rTorrent ####
|
||||
|
||||
# apt-get install rtorrent (on APT based System)
|
||||
|
||||
# yum install rtorrent (on YUM based System)
|
||||
|
||||
Check if rtorrent is installed correctly by running the following command in the terminal.
|
||||
|
||||
# rtorrent
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### Functioning of rTorrent ####
|
||||
|
||||
Some of the useful Key-bindings and their use.
|
||||
|
||||
- **CTRL+ q** – Quit rTorrent Application
|
||||
- **CTRL+ s** – Start Download
|
||||
- **CTRL+ d** – Stop an active Download or Remove an already stopped Download.
|
||||
- **CTRL+ k** – Stop and Close an active Download.
|
||||
- **CTRL+ r** – Hash Check a torrent before Upload/Download Begins.
|
||||
- **CTRL+ q** – When this key combination is executed twice, rTorrent shutdown without sending a stop Signal.
|
||||
- **Left Arrow Key** – Redirect to Previous screen.
|
||||
- **Right Arrow Key** – Redirect to Next Screen
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. Wget ###
|
||||
|
||||
**Wget**, is a part of GNU Project, the name is derived from World Wide Web (**WWW**). Wget is a brilliant tool which is useful for recursive download, offline viewing of **HTML** from local Server and is available for most of the platforms be it **Windows, Mac, Linux**. Wget makes it possible to download files over **HTTP, HTTPS** and **FTP**. Moreover it can be useful in mirroring the whole website as well as support for proxy browsing, pausing/resuming Downloads.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Installation of Wget ####
|
||||
|
||||
**Wget** being a GNU project comes bundled with Most of the Standard Linux Distributions and there is no need to download and install it separately. If in-case, it’s not installed by default, you can still install it using **apt** or **yum**.
|
||||
|
||||
# apt-get install wget (on APT based System)
|
||||
|
||||
# yum install wget (on YUM based System)
|
||||
|
||||
#### Some Basic Usage of Wget ####
|
||||
|
||||
Download a single file using wget.
|
||||
|
||||
# wget http://www.website-name.com/file
|
||||
|
||||
Download a whole website, recursively.
|
||||
|
||||
# wget -r http://www.website-name.com
|
||||
|
||||
Download specific type of file (say pdf and png) from a website.
|
||||
|
||||
# wget -r -A png,pdf http://www.website-name.com
|
||||
|
||||
Wget is a wonderful tool which enables custom and filtered download even on limited resource Machine. A screen shot of wget download, where we are mirroring a website (**Yahoo.com**).
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
For more such wget download examples, read our article that shows [10 Wget Download Command Examples][1].
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. cURL ###
|
||||
|
||||
**cURL** is a command line tool for transferring data over a number of protocols. cURL is a client side application which support protocols like **FTP, HTTP, FTPS, TFTP, TELNET, IMAP, POP3,** etc. cURL is a simple downloader which is different from wget in supporting **LDAP, POP3** as compared to others. Moreover Proxy Downloading, pausing download, resuming download are well supported in cURL.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Installation of cURL ####
|
||||
|
||||
By default cURL is available in most of the distribution either in repository or installed. if it’s not installed, just do a **apt** or **yum** to get a required package from the repository.
|
||||
|
||||
# apt-get install curl (on APT based System)
|
||||
|
||||
# yum install curl (on YUM based System)
|
||||
|
||||
#### Basic Usage of cURL ####
|
||||
|
||||
# curl www.tecmint.com
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 4. w3m ###
|
||||
|
||||
The w3m is a text based web browser released under GPL. W3m support tables, frames, color, SSL connection and inline images. W3m is known for fast browsing.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Installation of w3m ####
|
||||
|
||||
Again w3m is available by default in most of the Linux Distribution. If incase, it is not available you can always **apt** or **yum** the required package.
|
||||
|
||||
# apt-get install w3m (on APT based System)
|
||||
|
||||
# yum install w3m (on YUM based System)
|
||||
|
||||
#### Basic Usage of w3m ####
|
||||
|
||||
# w3m www.tecmint.com
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 5. Elinks ###
|
||||
|
||||
**Elinks** is a free text-based web browser for Unix and Unix based System. Elinks support **HTTP**, **HTTP Cookies** and also support browsing script in **Perl** and **Ruby**. Tab based browsing is well supported. The best thing is that it supports Mouse, Display Colours and support a number of Protocols like **HTTP, FTP, SMB, Ipv4** and **Ipv6**.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Installation of Elinks ####
|
||||
|
||||
By default elinks also available in most of the Linux distributions. If not, install it via **apt** or **yum**.
|
||||
|
||||
# apt-get install elinks (on APT based System)
|
||||
|
||||
# yum install elinks (on YUM based System)
|
||||
|
||||
#### Basic Usage of Elinks ####
|
||||
|
||||
# elinks www.tecmint.com
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.tecmint.com/command-line-tools-for-downloading-file-and-browsing-websites/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.tecmint.com/10-wget-command-examples-in-linux/
|
||||
@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
|
||||
crowner 吃睡睡吃
|
||||
5 Linux Distributions that Deserve more Love
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
As I wrote in my previous post, [Linux is Everywhere][1] and there are hundreds if not thousands of different distributions. Some are very famous, some boasts of their 10 million user base and then there are others who live in the shadow of famous distributions. Some distributions struggle to even gain a fraction of what big distributions enjoy and a few handful of distributions die every year. But today we are here to discuss about few distributions that being awesome still don’t get the love they deserve. It doesn’t matter if the distribution is original or forked or based on some other distribution, if it does the job, is stable enough for daily use and is not getting the love it deserves, it will be on the list.
|
||||
|
||||
### 5. Rosa ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
[ROSA Desktop][2], is a Linux distribution featuring a highly customized KDE desktop with a number of modifications designed to enhance the user-friendliness of the working environment developed by ROSA, a Russian company who also develops an “Enterprise Server” edition of ROSA which is based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux. This is one of the most customized distributions you can find on web with many in-house features like a completely redesigned login Screen, a tool named “TimeFrame” which allows you to easily monitor your activity at specified dates, heavily modified “Dolhpin” file manager, Rocket Bar, Simple Welcome, Rosa Media Player and many others.
|
||||
|
||||
### 4. Korora ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
[Korora][3] was born out of a desire to make Linux easier for new users, while still being useful for experts. Originally based on Gentoo Linux in 2005, Korora was re-born in 2010 as a Fedora Remix with tweaks and extras to make the system “just work” out of the box. Korora is a mix of Fedora + RPM Fusion + Korora packages, where Korora provides the bleeding edge and stability of a Red Hat distribution, it effortlessly works out of the box. Many people complain about Fedora of being too vanilla but Fedora is designed that way, people who love Fedora but still want something that works out of box, Korora is for you.
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. Chakra Linux ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
If you are a KDE fan and you cannot wait for months to use the latest software then there’s a match for you made in heaven, they call it Chakra Linux which started as a Arch Linux fork but has turned into an independent distribution with its own repositories, packages, Kernel and half/rolling release cycle.
|
||||
|
||||
[Chakra Linux][4] works mostly out of the box and has all the goodness of Arch Linux. Some may argue that why not use Arch Linux and then install KDE instead of using Chakra Linux. First the install process, no matter how hard everyone try to convince you how easy it is, it is not. An OS should be easy to use and even easier to install, not the other way around.
|
||||
|
||||
Chakra Linux is one of the very few true KDE distributions available, so you can be assured that you will get the very best KDE experience while using Chakra Linux.
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. Ubuntu Gnome ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu might have been the centre of controversy for past few years, especially the decision to switch to Unity but I personally kind of like Unity. On other side it has always been so buggy on my Nvidia setup and I have seen people constantly complaining about weird Unity behaviour. There were other Semi-official flavours available but none of them really felt like a true Ubuntu experience until [Ubuntu Gnome][5] arrived.
|
||||
|
||||
There is nothing much to write about this, Ubuntu Gnome is just Ubuntu with a Gnome Shell, I felt like it should make the list. Ubuntu has been the favourite distribution for a long time and because of few bad decisions Canonical made, the distribution should not suffer. I am happy to say that Ubuntu Gnome feels every bit of original Ubuntu while lacking the Canonical’s rude and forceful behaviour.
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. Sabayon Linux ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
[Sabayon][6] Linux is a Gentoo-based distribution which follows the works-out-of-the-box philosophy and it does that without skipping a beat. It may sound a bit biased but Sabayon is one of the very few distributions that ‘actually’ works out of the box across a wide range of systems.
|
||||
|
||||
Sabayon follows a no nonsense philosophy and everything works as it is supposed to, you don’t have to mess with the terminal to get things done, you don’t have to add ‘extra’ repositories to add the most obvious functionality, everything is there in one place, by the way you can do all those things if you want to but the point is you cannot force the user, if I want to use Arch Linux without banging my head with the terminal, I should be able to do that.
|
||||
|
||||
Sabayon is a bleeding edge, fast and surprisingly stable distribution for which the credit goes to rock solid Gentoo core. It is very easy to use with your choice of DE, even easier to install, works out of the box, features a very simple and capable package manager, comes with most of the required applications and it can still be customized deep down like any other distribution.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.linuxfederation.com/linux-distributions-love/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.linuxfederation.com/linux-everywhere/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.rosalab.com/products/desktop_fresh
|
||||
[3]:https://kororaproject.org/
|
||||
[4]:http://www.chakra-project.org/
|
||||
[5]:http://ubuntugnome.org/
|
||||
[6]:http://www.sabayon.org/
|
||||
@ -1,135 +0,0 @@
|
||||
9 Killer Tips To Speed Up Ubuntu 13.10
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Whether you have a fresh install of Ubuntu 13.10 or upgraded to it, you might have experienced that after using Ubuntu for some times, the system starts running slow. In this article we shall see several tweaks and **tips to make Ubuntu run faster**.
|
||||
|
||||
Before we see how to improve overall system performance in Ubuntu 13.10, first lets ponder on why the system gets slower overtime. There could be several reasons for it. You may have a humble computer with basic configuration. You might have installed several applications which are eating up resources at boot time. Endless reasons in fact.
|
||||
|
||||
Here I have listed several small tweaks that will help you speed up Ubuntu a little. There are some best practices as well which you can employ to get a smoother and improved system performance. You can choose to follow all or some of it. All of them adds up a little to give you a smoother, quicker and faster Ubuntu.
|
||||
|
||||
### Tips to make Ubuntu 13.10 run faster: ###
|
||||
|
||||
I have used these tweaks with Ubuntu 13.10 but I believe that the same can be used in older Ubuntu versions as well as other Linux distributions which are based on Ubuntu such as Linux Mint, Elementary OS Luna etc.
|
||||
|
||||
Reduce the default grub load time:
|
||||
|
||||
The grub gives you 10 seconds to change between dual boot OS or to go in recovery etc. To me, its too much. It also means you will have to sit beside your computer and press the enter key to boot in to Ubuntu as soon as possible. A little time taking, ain’t it? First trick would be to change this boot time. If you are more comfortable with a GUI tool, read this article to [change grub time and boot order with Grub Customizer][1].
|
||||
|
||||
For the rest of us, you can simply use the following command to open grub configuration:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo gedit /etc/default/grub &
|
||||
|
||||
And change **GRUB_TIMEOUT=10** to **GRUB_TIMEOUT=2**. This will change the boot time to 2 seconds. Prefer not to put 0 here as you will lost the privilege to change between OS and recovery options. Once you have changed the grub configuration, use the following command to make the change count:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo update-grub
|
||||
|
||||
### Manage the start up applications: ###
|
||||
|
||||
Overtime you tend to start installing applications. If you are a regular It’s FOSS reader, you might have installed many apps from [App of the week][2] series. Some of these apps are started at each start up and of course resources will be busy in running these applications. Result: a slow computer for a significant time duration at each boot. Go in Unity Dash and look for **Startup Applications**:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
In here, look at what applications are loaded at start up. Now think if you there are any applications which you don’t require to be started up every time you boot in to Ubuntu. Feel free to remove them:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
But what if you don’t want to remove the applications from start up? For example if you installed one of the [best indicator applets for Ubuntu 13.10][3], you will want them to be started automatically at each boot. What you can do here is to delay some the start of some of the programs. This way you will free up the resource at boot time and your applications will be started automatically, after sometime. In the previous picture click on Edit and change the run command with a sleep option. For example if you want to delay the running of Dropbox indicator for lets say 20 seconds, you just need to **add a command** like this in the existing command:
|
||||
|
||||
sleep 10;
|
||||
|
||||
So, the command ‘**dropbox start -i**‘ changes to ‘**sleep 20; drobox start -i**‘. Which means that now Drobox will start with a 20 seconds delay. You can change the start time of other start up applications in similar fashion.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Install preload to speed up application load time: ###
|
||||
|
||||
Preload is a daemon that runs in background and analyzes user behavior and frequently run applications. Open a terminal and use the following command to install preload:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install preload
|
||||
|
||||
After installing it, restart your computer and forget about it. It will be working in background. [[Read more about preload][4]]
|
||||
|
||||
### Choose the best mirror for software updates: ###
|
||||
|
||||
It’s good to verify that you are using the best mirror to update the software. Ubuntu software repository are mirrored across the globe and it is quite advisable to use the one which is nearest to you. This will result in a quicker system update as it reduces the time to get the packages from the server.
|
||||
|
||||
In **Software & Updates->Ubuntu Software tab->Download From** choose **Other** and there after click on **Select Best Server**:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
It will run a test and tell you which is the best mirror for you. Normally, the best mirror is already set but as I said, no harm in verifying it. Also, this may result in some delay in getting the updates if the nearest mirror where the repository is cached is not updated frequently. This is useful for people with relatively slower internet connection. You can also these tips to [speed up wifi speed in Ubuntu][5].
|
||||
|
||||
### Use apt-fast instead of apt-get for a speedy update: ###
|
||||
|
||||
apt-fast is a shellscript wrapper for “apt-get” that improves updated and package download speed by downloading packages from multiple connection simultaneously. If you frequently use terminal and apt-get to install and update the packages, you may want to give apt-fast a try. Install apt-fast via official PPA using the following commands:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:apt-fast/stable
|
||||
sudo apt-get update
|
||||
sudo apt-get install apt-fast
|
||||
|
||||
### Remove language related ign from apt-get update: ###
|
||||
|
||||
Have you ever noticed the output of sudo apt-get update? There are three kind of lines in it, **hit**, **ign** and **get**. You can read their meaning [here][6]. If you look at IGN lines, you will find that most of them are related to language translation. If you use all the applications, packages in English, there is absolutely no need of a translation of package database from English to English.
|
||||
|
||||
If you suppress this language related updates from apt-get, it will slightly increase the apt-get update speed. To do that, open the following file:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo gedit /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/00aptitude
|
||||
|
||||
And add the following line at the end of this file:
|
||||
|
||||
Acquire::Languages "none";
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Reduce overheating: ###
|
||||
|
||||
Overheating is a common problem in computers these days. An overheated computer runs quite slow. It takes ages to open a program when your CPU fan is running like Usain Bolt. There are two tools which you can use to reduce overheating and thus get a better system performance in Ubuntu 13.10, TLP and CPUFREQ.
|
||||
|
||||
To install and use TLP, use the following commands in a terminal:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:linrunner/tlp
|
||||
sudo apt-get update
|
||||
sudo apt-get install tlp tlp-rdw
|
||||
sudo tlp start
|
||||
|
||||
You don’t need to do anything after installing TLP. It works in background. To install CPUFREQ indicator use the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install indicator-cpufreq
|
||||
|
||||
Restart your computer and use the **Powersave** mode in it:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Tweak LibreOffice to make it faster: ###
|
||||
|
||||
If you are a frequent user of office product, then you may want to tweak the default LibreOffice a bit to make it faster. You will be tweaking memory option here. Open LibreOffice and go to **Tools->Options**. In there, choose **Memory** from left side bar and enable **Systray Quickstarter** along with increasing memory allocation.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
You can read more about [how to speed up LibreOffice][7] in detail.
|
||||
|
||||
### Use lighter alternatives of different applications: ###
|
||||
|
||||
This is more of a suggestion and liking. Some of the default or popular applications are resource heavy and may not be suitable for a low end computer. What you can do is to use some alternates to these applications. For example, use [AppGrid][8] instead of Ubuntu Software Center. Use [Gdebi][9] to install packages. Use AbiWord instead of LibreOffice Writer etc.
|
||||
|
||||
That’s conclude the collection of tips to **make Ubuntu 13.10 faster**. I am sure these tips would provide overall a better system performance. Do you have some tricks up your sleeves as well to **speed up Ubuntu 13.10**? Did these tips helped you as well? Do share your views. Questions, suggestions are always welcomed. Feel free to drop to the comment section.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://itsfoss.com/speed-up-ubuntu-1310/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://itsfoss.com/windows-default-os-dual-boot-ubuntu-1304-easy/
|
||||
[2]:http://itsfoss.com/tag/app-of-the-week/
|
||||
[3]:http://itsfoss.com/7-best-indicator-applets-for-ubuntu-13-10/
|
||||
[4]:http://itsfoss.com/improve-application-startup-speed-with-preload-in-ubuntu/
|
||||
[5]:http://itsfoss.com/speed-up-slow-wifi-connection-ubuntu/
|
||||
[6]:http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=231300
|
||||
[7]:http://itsfoss.com/speed-libre-office-simple-trick/
|
||||
[8]:http://itsfoss.com/app-grid-lighter-alternative-ubuntu-software-center/
|
||||
[9]:http://itsfoss.com/install-deb-files-easily-and-quickly-in-ubuntu-12-10-quick-tip/
|
||||
@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Daily Ubuntu Tips – Fix Black Screen In Ubuntu Guest With VirtualBox Screen Capture
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
VirtualBox is a software that allows users to run multiple guest operating systems on a single host computer. It’s supports Windows, Mac OS X and Linux and is maintained my Oracle.
|
||||
|
||||
We’ve written a lot on VirtualBox here. Do a quick search and you’ll see all the articles about VirtualBox.
|
||||
|
||||
Now, here’s the story: VirtualBox comes with a feature that allows users to quickly take or capture screen shots of active guest machine sessions. These screenshots can then be shared with the host machine using the clipboard.
|
||||
|
||||
The sad thing about it is, it won’t work if certain feature in Ubuntu guest machines is enabled. It had always been a pain until just recently when I stumbled upon the solution.
|
||||
|
||||
Without this solution, when you take a screenshot in Ubuntu guest machines, the image will be completely dark and not useful at all.
|
||||
|
||||
I dug solutions with no luck until just now.
|
||||
|
||||
To enable bidirectional clipboard with Ubuntu guest and the host machine, click on the Ubuntu guest machine and select **Settings**. Then navigate to **General –> Advanced Tab** and enable it.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Now, in theory, when you start the Ubuntu guest machine and press the **Print Screen** key or **Ctrl + Print Screen** keys, the guest machine should take a screenshot of its current desktop session.
|
||||
|
||||
You can then save it to the clipboard and access these images from the host machine.
|
||||
|
||||
But if you also enable **3D Acceleration** feature for Ubuntu guests, the images will be completely dark.
|
||||
|
||||
To fix that, you must disable 3D acceleration for Ubuntu guest machines.
|
||||
|
||||
To disable it, select the Ubuntu guest machine and click **Settings**. Then navigate to **Systems – Display –> Video** tab and disable 3D Acceleration.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Well, you must disable 3D for Ubuntu guests in order to get this to work. Now launch the guest machine and try taking a screen shot.
|
||||
|
||||
Hope this helps.
|
||||
|
||||
Enjoy!
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.liberiangeek.net/2014/02/daily-ubuntu-tips-fix-black-screen-in-ubuntu-guest-with-virtualbox-screen-capture/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Easily Switch Audio Sources With Sound Switcher Indicator In Ubuntu
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Sound Switcher Indicator is an applet indicator developed by [Dmitry Kann][1]. The purpose of the applet indicator is very simple, it lets you switch between different audio sources such as integrated speakers, headphone and HDMI in two mouse clicks.
|
||||
|
||||
Big deal, you may say. After all its no rocket science. You can go to **System Settings-> Sound Settings** and can easily choose the input or output source you want. **Sound Switcher Indicator** does not do something new or something that Ubuntu does not provide, it just simplifies the whole process. This may be one of the reason why it may not be counted as one of the [best indicator applets for Ubuntu][2].
|
||||
|
||||
How often do you need to change the audio source? For me, I have to change the audio source each time to [get sound through HDMI in external monitor][3]. And then I have to do it again after disconnecting the HDMI cable. This applet indicator comes handy for people like me who frequently switch between audio source and are lazy
|
||||
|
||||
### Install Sound Switcher Indicator in Ubuntu: ###
|
||||
|
||||
Open a terminal and use the following commands to install Sound Switcher Indicator in Ubuntu:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-add-repository ppa:yktooo/ppa
|
||||
sudo apt-get update
|
||||
sudo apt-get install indicator-sound-switcher
|
||||
|
||||
#### Important note: ####
|
||||
|
||||
Sound Switcher Indicator does not start automatically. To start it automatically, you’ll have to add it to **Startup Applications**. Open **Startup Applications** and click on **Add**. Here, give it a name, Sound Switcher for example and use “indicator-sound-switcher” (without quotes) in **Command** section. Let me know if you have issues adding it to start up applications.
|
||||
|
||||
What you think of Sound Switcher Indicator? Do small applets like these are beneficial for users? Do let us know of your views.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://itsfoss.com/sound-switcher-indicator-ubuntu/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://yktoo.com/about
|
||||
[2]:http://itsfoss.com/7-best-indicator-applets-for-ubuntu-13-10/
|
||||
[3]:http://itsfoss.com/how-to-fix-no-sound-through-hdmi-in-external-monitor-in-ubuntu/
|
||||
@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Five of the Best Ubuntu 14.04 Wallpaper Contest Entries
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
**With less than one week to go until its deadline, the Ubuntu 14.04 wallpaper contest pool is overflowing with stunning submissions, all vying for a place on the default Ubuntu install image.**
|
||||
|
||||
Ahead of the panel picking their favourites in early March I had a rummage through the entries myself.
|
||||
|
||||
Whether or not any of the choices highlighted below are selected for inclusion in the Trusty Tahr is beside the point; these are some fantastic creative snaps that are worthy of a place on anyone’s desktop.
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. boat2 ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
boat2 by Christos Kyriazidis
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. Frosty Sunrise ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Frosty Sunrise by Brian Fox
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. IMGP8932 ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
IMGP8832 by Eduardo Diez Viñuela
|
||||
|
||||
### 4. Travel ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Travel by Goldenfox
|
||||
|
||||
### 5. Kingfisher ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Kingfisher by Gilberto Fotos
|
||||
|
||||
### Best Cat Entry ###
|
||||
|
||||
It’s a tradition of ours to also highlight a cat-themed submission. Why? Because cats are so dang cool, yo! Thankfully (yes, cos picking between cute moggies is always difficult) there was just one lone feline entry this year:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Red Cat by Hjalte Nielsen
|
||||
|
||||
But who cares what we here at OMG! think – which entries from the pool are you hoping make it onto the default image?
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/02/ubuntu-14-04-wallpaper-picks
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:
|
||||
[2]:
|
||||
[3]:
|
||||
[4]:
|
||||
[5]:
|
||||
[6]:
|
||||
[7]:
|
||||
[8]:
|
||||
[9]:
|
||||
[10]:
|
||||
[11]:
|
||||
[12]:
|
||||
@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
|
||||
GitHub's New Atom Text Editor Is Open Source, Sort Of, Though Not Really
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
**GitHub has a new not-very-open open-source text editor, and nobody seems to care.**
|
||||
|
||||
Samuel Greenwald [claims][1] that "any IT leader who can't grasp an open source mindset is doomed to fail." While this may be true, people can be forgiven for not fully grokking open source, given the weird licensing gyrations that even the most open source savvy among us can go through.
|
||||
|
||||
Take GitHub, for example. GitHub just released its [Atom][2] text editor to much acclaim. While [some lauded Atom][3] as "completely open source," it's not. Not even close.
|
||||
|
||||
### Kind Of, Sort Of Open Source ###
|
||||
|
||||
Not that GitHub is dressing up Atom as open source. Not all of it, anyway. As GitHub co-founder Tom Preston-Werner specifies, only "Atom core" code will be closed source, while "all the existing MIT-licensed repos under the Atom org will remain so forever." The reasons are purely commercial, as he [notes][4]:
|
||||
|
||||
> Atom won't be closed source, but it won't be open source either. It will be somewhere in-between, making it easy for us to charge for Atom while still making the source available under a restrictive license so you can see how everything works. We haven't finalized exactly how this will work yet. We will have full details ready for the official launch.
|
||||
|
||||
Back in the early days of open source, we had a name for this. Actually, Microsoft did. It was called "Shared Source." [Launched in 2002][5], Shared Source was Microsoft's way of giving its community a way to look but not touch (or redistribute) Microsoft's code. It didn't go so well for Microsoft, as SAP's Big Data chief Vijay Vijayasankar reminds us, but GitHub might do better:
|
||||
|
||||
> [@dberkholz][6] I remember the OSI peeps criticized MS quite heavily that it is a marketing stunt . But GitHub might make it alright this time
|
||||
> — Vijay Vijayasankar (@vijayasankarv) [February 27, 2014][7]
|
||||
|
||||
He might be right.
|
||||
|
||||
### The GitHub Generation Can't Be Bothered ###
|
||||
|
||||
Microsoft, after all, was the evil empire, smearing open source as a "cancer," among other things. GitHub? It's the foster parent for open source projects everywhere. [In 2013[8] GitHub topped 10 million repositories and 3 million new users, with frenetic weekly activity: 20,000 issues, 50,000 comments, and 250,000 pushes on repositories maintained by contributors all over the world.
|
||||
|
||||
GitHub is, in other words, ground zero for open source.
|
||||
|
||||
Perhaps because of this, GitHub is getting a free pass. In the [HackerNews commentary][9] on the move, [few seem to be too bothered][10] that GitHub isn't actually opening up Atom. As a community, open source has largely won out over free software: less dogmatic, more practical. We've come to the point that many in the so-called "GitHub generation" [don't even bother to assign a license to their software at all][11].
|
||||
|
||||
Is this a good thing?
|
||||
|
||||
It's hard to say, and even harder to argue with GitHub's approach given that it doesn't seem to be hurting anyone and potentially helps many by giving the world a high-quality, low-cost text editor. The open-source community is increasingly libertarian: less likely to prescribe licensing and more concerned with good code and good products.
|
||||
|
||||
It's why GitHub, Atlassian and Amazon Web Services, which all rely on proprietary software or services to make money, can be so phenomenally popular with open-source developers.
|
||||
|
||||
Have we finally grown up?
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://readwrite.com/2014/02/28/github-atom-text-editor#feed=/hack&awesm=~oxpErHVIIaxz3H
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.cioinsight.com/blogs/open-source-has-changed-everything.html#sthash.ESY4Kc3r.u8rX81Ow.dpuf
|
||||
[2]:https://github.com/atom
|
||||
[3]:http://thenextweb.com/apps/2014/02/26/github-releases-text-editor-coders-named-atom/#!xHNqf
|
||||
[4]:http://discuss.atom.io/t/why-is-atom-closed-source/82/8
|
||||
[5]:http://www.geek.com/news/microsoft-rep-clarifies-shared-source-initiative-550824/
|
||||
[6]:https://twitter.com/dberkholz
|
||||
[7]:https://twitter.com/vijayasankarv/statuses/438882094429642752
|
||||
[8]:http://octoverse.github.com/
|
||||
[9]:https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=7302941
|
||||
[10]:https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=7310017
|
||||
[11]:http://readwrite.com/2013/05/15/open-source-is-old-school-says-the-github-generation#awesm=~ox6tkvcaUwiEF0
|
||||
@ -1,139 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Glances – An Advanced Real Time System Monitoring Tool for Linux
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Earlier, we’ve written about many Linux [System Monitor Tools][1] that can be used to monitor performance of Linux systems, but we think that, most users prefer the default one that comes with every Linux distributions (**top** command).
|
||||
|
||||
The [top command][2] is real time task manager in Linux and the most frequently used system monitoring tool in **GNU/Linux** distributions to find the performance related bottlenecks in system which help us to take corrective actions. It has a nice minimalist interface, comes with few amount of reasonable options that enables us to get a better idea about overall system performance quickly.
|
||||
|
||||
However, sometimes its very tricky to find an application/process that consuming lots of system resources is a bit difficult under top. Because top command doesn’t have a ability to highlights programs that are eating too much of **CPU**, **RAM**, other resources.
|
||||
|
||||
For keeping such approach, here we are bringing a powerful system monitor program called “**Glances**” that automatically highlights programs that are utilizing highest system resources and providing maximum of information about Linux/Unix server.
|
||||
|
||||
### What is Glances? ###
|
||||
|
||||
**Glances** is a cross-platform command-line curses-based system monitoring tool written in **Python** language which use the **psutil** library to grab informations from the system. With Glance, we can monitor **CPU, Load Average, Memory, Network Interfaces, Disk I/O, Processes** and **File System** spaces utilization.
|
||||
|
||||
Glances is a free tool and licensed under **GPL** to monitory **GNU/Linux** and **FreeBSD** operating systems. There are lots of interesting options available in Glances as well. One of the main features we have seen in Glances is that we can set thresholds (**careful**, **warning** and **critical**) in configuration file and informations will be shown in colors which indicates the bottleneck in the system.
|
||||
|
||||
### Glances Features ###
|
||||
|
||||
- CPU Informations (user related applications, system core programs and idle programs.
|
||||
- Total memory Information including RAM, Swap, Free memory etc.
|
||||
- The average CPU load for the past 1min, 5mins and 15 mins.
|
||||
- Network Download/Upload rates of network connections.
|
||||
- Total number of processes, active ones, sleeping processes etc.
|
||||
- Disk I/O related (read or write) speed details
|
||||
- Currently mounted devices disk usages.
|
||||
- Top processes with their CPU/Memory usages, Names and location of application.
|
||||
- Shows the current date and time at bottom.
|
||||
- Highlights processes in Red that consumes highest system resources.
|
||||
|
||||
Here is an example screen grab of Glances.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Installation of Glances in Linux/Unix Systems ###
|
||||
|
||||
Although it’s a very young utility, you can install “**Glances**” in **Red Hat** based systems by turning on [EPEL repository][3] and then run the following command on the terminal.
|
||||
|
||||
#### On RHEL/CentOS/Fedora ####
|
||||
|
||||
# yum install -y glances
|
||||
|
||||
#### On Debian/Ubuntu/Linux Mint ####
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-add-repository ppa:arnaud-hartmann/glances-stable
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get update
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install glances
|
||||
|
||||
### Usage of Glances ###
|
||||
|
||||
To start, issue the basic syntax on the terminal.
|
||||
|
||||
# glances
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Press ‘**q**‘ or (‘**ESC**‘ or ‘**Ctrl&C**‘ also works) to quit from Glances terminal. Here, is the another screen grab taken from the **CentOS 6.5** system.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
y default, interval time is set to ’**1**‘ second. But you can define the custom interval time while running glances from the terminal.
|
||||
|
||||
# glances -t 2
|
||||
|
||||
### Glances Color Codes ###
|
||||
|
||||
Meaning of Glances color code:
|
||||
|
||||
- GREEN: OK (everything is fine)
|
||||
- BLUE: CAREFUL (need attention)
|
||||
- VIOLET: WARNING (alert)
|
||||
- RED: CRITICAL (critical)
|
||||
|
||||
We can set thresholds in configuration file. By default thresholds set is (**careful=50, warning=7**0 and **critical=90**), we can customized as per our needs. The default configuration file is located at ‘**/etc/glances/glances.conf**’.
|
||||
|
||||
### Glances Options ###
|
||||
|
||||
Besides, several command line options, glances provides many more **hot keys** to find output information while glances is running. Below are the list of several hot keys.
|
||||
|
||||
- a – Sort processes automatically
|
||||
- c – Sort processes by CPU%
|
||||
- m – Sort processes by MEM%
|
||||
- p – Sort processes by name
|
||||
- i – Sort processes by I/O rate
|
||||
- d – Show/hide disk I/O stats ols
|
||||
- f – Show/hide file system statshddtemp
|
||||
- n – Show/hide network stats
|
||||
- s – Show/hide sensors stats
|
||||
- y – Show/hide hddtemp stats
|
||||
- l – Show/hide logs
|
||||
- b – Bytes or bits for network I/Oools
|
||||
- w – Delete warning logs
|
||||
- x – Delete warning and critical logs
|
||||
- x – Delete warning and critical logs
|
||||
- 1 – Global CPU or per-CPU stats
|
||||
- h – Show/hide this help screen
|
||||
- t – View network I/O as combination
|
||||
- u – View cumulative network I/O
|
||||
- q – Quit (Esc and Ctrl-C also work)
|
||||
|
||||
### Use Glances on Remote Systems ###
|
||||
|
||||
With the Glances, you can even monitor remote systems too. To use ‘**glances**‘ on remote systems, run the ‘**glances -s**‘ (-s enables server/client mode) command on the server.
|
||||
|
||||
# glances -s
|
||||
|
||||
Define the password for the Glances server
|
||||
Password:
|
||||
Password (confirm):
|
||||
Glances server is running on 0.0.0.0:61209
|
||||
|
||||
**Note** : Once, you issue ‘**glances**‘ command, it will prompt you to define the password for the Glances server. Define the password and hit enter, you see glances running on port **61209**.
|
||||
|
||||
Now, go to the remote host and execute the following command to connect to a Glances server by specifying IP address or hostname as shown below. Here ‘**172.16.27.56**‘ is my glances server IP Address.
|
||||
|
||||
# glances -c -P 172.16.27.56
|
||||
|
||||
Below are few notable points that user must know while using glances in server/client mode.
|
||||
|
||||
* In server mode, you can set the bind address -B ADDRESS and listening TCP port -p PORT.
|
||||
* In client mode, you can set the TCP port of the server -p PORT.
|
||||
* Default binding address is 0.0.0.0, but it listens on all network interfaces at port 61209.
|
||||
* In server/client mode, limits are set by the server side.
|
||||
* You can also define a password to access to the server -P password.
|
||||
|
||||
### Conclusion ###
|
||||
|
||||
**Glances** is a much resources friendly tool for most users. But if you’re a system administrator who’d like to quickly get overall “idea” about systems by just glancing at command line, then this tool will be must have tool for system administrators.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.tecmint.com/glances-an-advanced-real-time-system-monitoring-tool-for-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.tecmint.com/command-line-tools-to-monitor-linux-performance/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.tecmint.com/12-top-command-examples-in-linux/
|
||||
[3]:http://www.tecmint.com/how-to-enable-epel-repository-for-rhel-centos-6-5/
|
||||
@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
|
||||
How to Wipe Free Disk Space in Linux
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**The following tutorial will teach all Linux users how to securely wipe the free space of a hard disk drive (HDD), solid disk drive (SSD) or USB flash drive, making it impossible for anyone to recover deleted files. **
|
||||
|
||||
In case you didn’t know, when you delete a file from your system, even from Trash, it will disappear and can’t be found anywhere on the filesystem. However, that file is not actually gone, it resides in the free space of your disk drive and can still be recovered with data recovery applications.
|
||||
|
||||
For this tutorial we will provide two methods. The first one uses an application called Wipe Free Space, created by Polish developer Bogdan Drozdowski. In the second method we will use the well known BleachBit software.
|
||||
|
||||
While BleachBit is a graphical application, the Wipe Free Space is a command-line software. However, the developer also created an easy-to-use graphical user interface (GUI), allowing novice users to employ it in order to securely wipe the free space of their disk drives.
|
||||
|
||||
> Editor's note: Before we proceed, it is important to know that the applications will wipe the free space in unused clusters and blocks, in partially used blocks a.k.a. “slack space," as well as the names of deleted files and any other data that can be used to undelete the respective files.
|
||||
|
||||
### Method 1 - Wipe Free Space & Wipe Free Space GUI ###
|
||||
|
||||
The Wipe Free Space command-line application can be easily installed from the default software repositories of your Linux distribution, by using the provided binary file for RPM-based Linux distribution or by compiling the sources.
|
||||
|
||||
After installation, you can download the GUI front-end from [here][1], save it on your home folder, extract it, and double click the run.sh file (or execute sh run.sh in a terminal window) to open the application.
|
||||
|
||||
With the application opened, you will need to add the path to the wipefreespace executable, so click the "Browse" button and search it under /usr/bin/. Then add the filesystem that will be wiped.
|
||||
|
||||
Make sure that you check the "Wipe only with zeros" option on the left side of the window. If you need to add more options, first document yourself on how to use them, because they may crash your drive. Now press the "Start wiping" button to proceed.
|
||||
|
||||
### Method 2 - BleachBit ###
|
||||
|
||||
This is the easy method, recommended for novice users. You can easily install the BleachBit application from your Linux distribution's default software repositories. Open it, and make sure that you check the "Free disk space" option under the System section on the sidebar. Press the "Clean" button to proceed.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
*The Free disk space option of BleachBit*
|
||||
|
||||
The entire wiping operation will take a long time. You can see the entire progress in the main window. Do not hesitate to drop a comment below if you encounter any issues with this tutorial.
|
||||
|
||||
Wipe Free Space GUI 0.5 Download:
|
||||
|
||||
- [Wipe Free Space GUI 0.5 tar.gz][2][binary] [210 KB]
|
||||
- [Wipe Free Space GUI 0.5 tar.gz][3][sources] [380 KB]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/How-to-Wipe-Free-Disk-Space-in-Linux-429965.shtml
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://linux.softpedia.com/get/System/System-Administration/Wipe-Free-Space-GUI-50722.shtml
|
||||
[2]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/wipefreespace/files/wipefreespace-gui-java/0.5/WipeFreeSpaceGUI-java-bin-0.5.tar.gz/download
|
||||
[3]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/wipefreespace/files/wipefreespace-gui-java/0.5/WipeFreeSpaceGUI-java-src-0.5.tar.gz/download
|
||||
@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
|
||||
How to enable 32-bit support for 64-bit Ubuntu 13.10 or greater
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Most of you who use Ubuntu/Debian based distributions prefer the 64-bit mode, right? That’s because 64-bit architecture utilizes the full capabilities of your hardware. It enables you to use applications with intensive memory requirements and actually use them without having to wait for an hour after every little thing you do. Now, there are merits to 32-bit mode, most notably the fact that there are not many incompatibility problems with it. Every time Java did an update there was confusion as most users didn’t have the required libraries. In the past, some other early applications and drivers simply did not have 64-bit versions.
|
||||
|
||||
So let’s say you do have a 64-bit mode architecture and you use applications who have the proper support: Drivers, 64-bit versions and everything you need. No problem then, right? There comes a moment though when you have to use 32-bit applications in your 64-bit system. What then? That’s when you read this article and follow it to the letter. If you don’t have Ubuntu/Debian based distributions 13.10 or greater you used to have to install a meta-package called ia32-libs. Now this package has been deprecated so you have to do it manually.
|
||||
|
||||
The following commands work for Ubuntu/Debian based distributions 13.10 or greater.
|
||||
|
||||
1st Step: Verifying you have 64-bit kernel architecture.
|
||||
|
||||
You open the terminal and type:
|
||||
|
||||
dpkg --print-architecture
|
||||
|
||||
You‘ll see something like:
|
||||
|
||||
amd64
|
||||
|
||||
That means you’re okay.
|
||||
|
||||
2nd Step: Verifying you have multi-arch support enabled. (Multi-arch support allows you to use 32-bit libraries alongside 64-bit libraries.)
|
||||
|
||||
Type:
|
||||
|
||||
dpkg --print-foreign-architectures
|
||||
|
||||
The output is:
|
||||
|
||||
i386
|
||||
|
||||
If you don’t have multi-arch support you have to enable it.
|
||||
|
||||
Alternative 2nd Step: Enabling multi-arch support.
|
||||
|
||||
Type:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt -get update
|
||||
|
||||
It starts downloading the update and running it.
|
||||
|
||||
After that you type:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
|
||||
|
||||
It will check if there are newer libraries of the packages you already have.
|
||||
|
||||
If there are, it will ask you if you want to update (y/n).
|
||||
|
||||
After that you’re done. You have successfully installed 32-bit support for your 64-bit system.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.unixmen.com/enable-32-bit-support-64-bit-ubuntu-13-10-greater/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Linux Basics: Analyze Disk Usage In Ubuntu Linux
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Dear **linux** geeks,
|
||||
|
||||
In this tutorial I will teach you how to analyze disk usage in Ubuntu. Taking care of the hard disk of your machine and running the proper analysis on it is very important to make sure that your system is healthy and that it will run in a very smooth way. To do this, we will use a nice graphical tool called **Baobab**.
|
||||
|
||||
Before going any further I must say that it is a very easy to use tool with many features and I am very sure it will meet your requirements. Baobab was part of gnome-utils, but has been standing as a standalone application since Gnome 3.4. By using this disk analyzer tool you can easily scan the home folder, filesystem and local or remote folders.
|
||||
|
||||
Everything is done with only a click! Do you like to stop the scanning process? Cool, just hit the **Stop scanning** button available on the top of the baobab’s user interface.
|
||||
|
||||
I like the simplicity of this tool and the fact that it can graphically represent data in a ring chart or a treemap chart. Now, how about installing and using it in your own machine?
|
||||
|
||||
As far as I know it should come installed by default in Ubuntu, but if not, open a new terminal (**CTRL+ALT+T**) and run the following command to install it.
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install baobab
|
||||
|
||||
After the installation is finished go to **Applications, System Tools, Disk Usage Analyzer** or launch baobab directly from the terminal by running the following command.
|
||||
|
||||
baobab
|
||||
|
||||
The following picture shows how it should look like when launched in your system.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Scan the Home folder by clicking on **Scan Home** or go to Analyzer and select Scan Home Folder option. The tool will do evrything so wait until the scan is finished and enjoy the results.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
As you can see from the above picture the baobab’s scan gives me information about the Usage of every folder in Home directory, the size and the number of items it contains. The left side shows the graphical representation as a ring chart. But if you like you can easily change it and switch to treemap chart, by selecting **View as Treemap Chart**.
|
||||
|
||||
The following picture shows an example where I am using the treemap chart representation instead of the default one, the ring chart.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
To scan the filesystem go to **Analyzer** and select Scan Filesystem, or if you are lazy like go for the smart way, hit **CTRL+F** on your keyboard.
|
||||
|
||||
Both ways work and do the same job, it is up to you which one you like to use. Shortcuts are very useful, practical and they save alot of time, but it is hard to memorize them all when you don’t use the tool everyday.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Now, how about scanning a folder? It is very easy, go under Analyzer, select Scan A Folder and select the folder you want to scan, or hit **CTRL+O**. Is there an easier way? Yes it is! Can you see the Scan a Folder button? Just click it and the scan on the specified folder will begin.
|
||||
|
||||
The following picture shows the results of my python-nmap-0.1.4 folder scanning. I get very useful information presented in a beautiful and simple way.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
You learned to scan the Home folder, the Filesystem and Folders. There is a very important feature about this tool that you don’t know yet, but I am sure you will find it yourself. Do you have any remote folder that you want to scan? Think about it.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.unixmen.com/linux-basics-analyze-disk-usage-ubuntu-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Linux Foundation Gains New Cloud, Open Hardware and Gaming Members
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
> Cloudius Systems, HSA Foundation and Valve have become the newest members of the Linux Foundation, bringing strengths in the open source cloud, open-standard hardware and gaming.
|
||||
|
||||
Cloud computing, open-standard hardware and gaming: These are all areas in which the [Linux Foundation][1] has recently forged important new connections, announcing the addition of [Cloudius Systems][2], [HSA Foundation][3] and [Valve Software][4] as the newest members of the organization. Together, these collaborations highlight the continuing dynamism of the open source world, and provide hints into where it is headed next.
|
||||
|
||||
The Linux Foundation, a non-profit consortium that promotes the interests of [Linux][6] and related open source projects, detailed the signing-on of these three companies in an [announcement][5] that highlighted the particular strengths they stand to contribute to the open source ecosystem.
|
||||
|
||||
First, Cloudius Systems will help to advance the open source cloud. Its major product is [OSv][7], a sleek operating system that the company recently introduced and designed specifically for the cloud. Interestingly, OSv—which runs as a guest virtual machine on top of the open source [KVM][8] and [Xen][9] hypervisors—could be considered a competitor with Linux, which forms the basis for many other cloud-oriented virtualization platforms. But Cloudious's entry into the Linux Foundation is a sign that the future of the open cloud is about more than Linux itself, and that open source innovators recognize that the Linux kernel, which was built for desktops and servers, can only go so far in the cloud.
|
||||
|
||||
Meanwhile, the non-profit HSA Foundation aims to advance open hardware standards—a key interest for open source developers whether they focus on desktops, servers, the cloud or mobile. Lack of hardware compatibility due to proprietary, undocumented standards has been a thorn in Linux's side from day one, and investing in collaboration to help overcome that barrier is in the interest of virtually everyone within the open source ecosystem.
|
||||
|
||||
Last but not least, Valve, which develops the popular [Steam][10] platform for cloud-based games and other content, injects the Linux world with new energy in the gaming realm, an area that has traditionally been very unwelcoming to Linux users. Valve could be on the forefront of a major shift in open source entertainment that will use the power of the cloud to bring Linux into the mainstream fold—while also promoting Linux as the basis for specialized gaming hardware such as Valve's [Steam Machines][11], home gaming devices that run on Linux.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://thevarguy.com/open-source-application-software-companies/linux-foundation-gains-new-cloud-open-hardware-and-gaming
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://linuxfoundation.org/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.cloudius-systems.com/
|
||||
[3]:http://hsafoundation.com/
|
||||
[4]:http://www.valvesoftware.com/
|
||||
[5]:http://www.linuxfoundation.org/news-media/announcements/2013/12/cloudius-systems-hsa-foundation-and-valve-join-linux-foundation
|
||||
[6]:http://kernel.org/
|
||||
[7]:https://github.com/cloudius-systems/osv
|
||||
[8]:http://www.linux-kvm.org/page/Main_Page
|
||||
[9]:http://www.xenproject.org/
|
||||
[10]:http://store.steampowered.com/
|
||||
[11]:http://store.steampowered.com/livingroom/SteamMachines/
|
||||
@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Meet uGet, an Amazing Download Manager for Linux
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Great download managers are not a common occurrence on the Linux platform, but there are a few that have amazing features and uGet is one of them.
|
||||
|
||||
When people thing about download managers on the Linux platform, they usually imagine something in a terminal. For the most part they are right. There are a lot of download managers that work in a terminal and are very good at what they are doing, but sometime you just need a friendly GUI on top.
|
||||
|
||||
[uGet][1] is a very powerful download manager that has some many features it’s actually difficult to count them all. The interface is built in GTK+3, which means that it will look great on most Linux operating systems.
|
||||
|
||||
It also comes with a download queue, the possibility to resume downloads (if the server supports it), clipboard monitor, support for HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, BitTorrent, and Metalink, batch downloads, FTP login, scheduler, Aria2 plugin, and my personal favorite, multiple segments (allow the client to connect multiple time to the same server and get multiple segments at the same time, increasing the speed).
|
||||
|
||||
To top it all off, it can be easily integrated into Firefox, with the help of the Flashgot add-on, and has a dedicated extension for Chrome.
|
||||
|
||||
The developers provide multiple packages for all the imaginable type of Linux distributions, and you have to keep in mind that it’s completely free.
|
||||
|
||||
Enjoy!
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Meet-uGet-an-Amazing-Download-Manager-for-Linux-430085.shtml
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://ugetdm.com/
|
||||
@ -1,65 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Moving a city to Linux requires political backing, says Munich project leader
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
> Munich city authority has migrated almost 15,000 PCs from Windows NT to its own Linux distribution
|
||||
|
||||
IDG News Service - This year saw the completion of the city of Munich's switch to Linux, a move that began about ten years ago. "One of the biggest lessons learned was that you can't do such a project without continued political backing," said Peter Hofmann, the leader of the LiMux project, summing up the experience.
|
||||
|
||||
The Munich city authority migrated around 14,800 of the 15,000 or so PCs on its network to LiMux, its own Linux distribution based on Ubuntu, exceeding its initial goal of migrating 12,000 desktops.
|
||||
|
||||
Munich decided to migrate its IT systems when Microsoft said it planned to discontinue support for the operating system the city then relied on, Windows NT 4.0. The city was forced to choose between moving to a newer version of Windows, or finding an alternative platform, as new software and new versions of existing software would not be available on Windows NT. The city council decided to go with Linux to become more independent from software vendors.
|
||||
|
||||
Continued political backing was key to the success of the migration, said Hofmann.
|
||||
|
||||
"We had it from the start and it never failed. We had to treat our politicians as stakeholders and keep them informed," he said.
|
||||
|
||||
By doing this, the politicians never lost interest and always knew what the people involved in the project were doing, he said. "I saw a lot of other open source projects going down the sink," because they didn't have that backing, or lost it, he said.
|
||||
|
||||
It took the city about 10 years from the first decision to switch through to completion of the LiMux project, which was originally scheduled for completion in 2009. However, there were several delays along the way.
|
||||
|
||||
First, the migration started a year later than originally planned, said Hofmann. The second delay was caused in 2007 when the city council decided that Munich's IT department should also be responsible for the standardization of the infrastructure that is necessary for Linux clients, he said. Munich however didn't have the right processes nor the right organization for that kind of standardization, he said.
|
||||
|
||||
The project was delayed for a third time in 2010, when the city council decided to enlarge the project, said Hofmann. Goals were added to develop three additional processes within the project: risk management, test management and requirement engineering.
|
||||
|
||||
Despite the difficulties, Hofmann said he would do it again tomorrow.
|
||||
|
||||
The heterogenous infrastructure of Munich's IT organization was one of the projects biggest problems, Hofmann said. When the project started there were 22 organizations that each had their own individual configuration, software, hardware, processes and knowledge for their Windows clients and the accompanying infrastructure they were using, he said. "We wanted to have a standardized, centrally delivered and developed Linux client," he said.
|
||||
|
||||
While Hofmann expected the splintered infrastructure to cause problems, standardizing the clients proved harder than he expected, for both technical and organizational reasons.
|
||||
|
||||
Luckily, he had the freedom to rebuild the whole of the city's IT infrastructure.
|
||||
|
||||
"Anyone planning to switch needs to be prepared to rethink their entire IT organization. Switching to Linux is more than saving costs and using free software," he added.
|
||||
|
||||
Munich's switch did save money though. In November 2012, responding to a question from a council member, the city calculated that migrating to LiMux instead of modernizing its existing Microsoft software [would save it over a!11 million][1].
|
||||
|
||||
That calculation compared the LiMux option with a switch to either Windows 7 and Microsoft Office or Windows 7 and OpenOffice, the productivity suite Munich chose for LiMux. It included necessary hardware upgrades, training, external migration support and optimization processes, among other things. Both Windows options were significantly more expensive than LiMux, mainly due to Microsoft's software licensing fees.
|
||||
|
||||
One expense Hofmann said he doesn't have with LiMux is support contracts. "What do you need a support contract for? You really get no support, you get new versions. The only reason you need it is because your lawyers tell you so they can have someone to blame if it is failing. We no longer blame anyone, we try to fix it," he said.
|
||||
|
||||
If Munich's IT staff can't fix a bug themselves, they will find a specialist to solve the specific bug, Hofmann said. "You no longer rely on some vendor or some service that you buy. You rely on yourself and what you know," he said.
|
||||
|
||||
There are still complaints though. Word and Excel documents received from external organizations sometimes have to be modified and sent back, which can lead to difficulties with interoperability, he said. The city is trying to convince its correspondents to use ODF, the file format of OpenOffice, or PDF for documents that don't need to be changed, Hofmann said, adding that the city has helped finance development of interoperability tools.
|
||||
|
||||
As part of its switch to OpenOffice, however, the city implemented WollMux, an office extension for templates and forms, that was published as free software 2008 and is now used by a handful of other organizations, he said.
|
||||
|
||||
There were other obstacles to the elimination of Microsoft Office -- including the city's reliance on over a thousand Microsoft Office and Visual Basic macros in its in-house applications, Hofmann said.
|
||||
|
||||
Now there are around 100 such macros still in use on the few remaining Windows PCs.
|
||||
|
||||
"It never was our goal to eliminate Windows as a whole," he said, although the city has gone well beyond its initial target of migrating 80 percent of its PCs.
|
||||
|
||||
The financial department, for instance, still has three Windows PCs running special banking software. To switch that department to LiMux the city would have had to pay the software vendor to develop a Linux version of its application for the three PCs, Hofmann said.
|
||||
|
||||
The city faced a similar problem in its dealings with the Bundesdruckerei, the German authority that prints passports. It mandates the use of a Windows application to transmit the data required to personalize the passports, he said.
|
||||
|
||||
While Hofmann can look confidently to the city's future, he recognizes that switching to Linux is not for everyone. Yet even those who don't want to switch can still profit from the city's experience: "Some guy once told me, 'Since you started your project I can negotiate with Microsoft.'"
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9245353/Moving_a_city_to_Linux_requires_political_backing_says_Munich_project_leader?taxonomyId=122
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.itworld.com/operating-systems/321474/switching-linux-saves-munich-over-11-million
|
||||
@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Oracle adds DTrace debugger to its Linux distribution
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
> Oracle Linux administrators can finally take advantage of the powerful DTrace debugging tool that was first designed for Solaris
|
||||
|
||||
IDG News Service - Oracle has fully integrated the long-awaited Linux DTrace debugging tool into the latest release of its Linux distribution, potentially allowing administrators and developers to pinpoint the cause of thorny performance issues with more accuracy.
|
||||
|
||||
[Oracle Linux][1] 6.5 also includes an updated kernel and support for Linux Containers, allowing a single kernel to power multiple Linux virtual machines on a server.
|
||||
|
||||
Much like the CentOS distribution, Oracle Linux is largely a copy of Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL), version 6.5 of which Red Hat released last month. Oracle does include in the package its own kernel -- the core of an OS -- customized for security enhancements, as well as some additional administrative tools. Both the Oracle and Red Hat editions are targeted to enterprise use. (The volunteer-driven CentOS 6.5 distribution [was also recently released][2].)
|
||||
|
||||
For the first time, Oracle's customized kernel, Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel Release 3, is installed as the default kernel for the distribution -- the stock RHEL kernel is also included in the package as an alternative. As a result, Oracle Linux now supports the DTrace dynamic tracing framework out of the box, though it still needs to be downloaded separately. Oracle Linux 6.4 [offered][3] users a way to download and install DTrace, though it required changes to the kernel.
|
||||
|
||||
Originally developed by Sun Microsystems, which was acquired by Oracle in 2010, DTrace can help developers debug, or trace, problems that occur on a system. Known for its thoroughness in documenting system behavior, the software was originally designed for Sun's Solaris Unix distribution, and administrators have long agitated for a version [to run][4] on Linux as well.
|
||||
|
||||
DTrace allows administrators and developers "to get insight into the operating system and understand what is consuming resources," said Markus Flierl, Oracle's Solaris vice president of engineering. The software can not only investigate problems with the OS, but also identify potential problems with applications and the networking stack as well.
|
||||
|
||||
"If your customer is complaining that something is running slow, you can go in and see if there is a problem that is happening in your operating system, or if it is in your I/O stack. You will get a full top-to-bottom view, a single pane of glass to see what is happening," Flierl said. Having DTrace on board a server will also allow other Oracle debugging tools, such as those found in the Oracle 12c database, to use the DTrace instrumentations as well, he said.
|
||||
|
||||
With the introduction of Linux Containers in Linux Oracle 6.5, users now have another option for virtualizing workloads. In this approach, the server's kernel can drive any number of virtual Linux machines, with each one completely isolated from the others. The Linux Control Groups management software assures that each container is allotted a select amount of memory, CPU and disk I/O resources. Oracle also provides templates for quickly setting up containers.
|
||||
|
||||
Other updates in the Oracle Linux package support the latest technologies in InfiniBand networking, file systems, processors and solid state disks.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9244564/Oracle_adds_DTrace_debugger_to_its_Linux_distribution?taxonomyId=122
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.oracle.com/us/technologies/linux/overview/index.html
|
||||
[2]:http://lists.centos.org/pipermail/centos-announce/2013-December/020032.html
|
||||
[3]:http://www.infoworld.com/d/application-development/oracle-ports-dtrace-oracle-linux-213759
|
||||
[4]:http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2059311/whats-an-alternative-for-dtrace-on-linux
|
||||
@ -1,89 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Play the Best Linux Puzzle Games
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Linux has a prodigious library of free games many of which are released under an open source license. A large proportion of these open source games are eye catching. Popular games often have full motion video, vector graphics, 3D graphics, realistic 3D rendering, animation, texturing, a physics engine, and much more. Early computer games did not have these graphic techniques. The earliest video games were text games or text-based games that used text characters rather than vector or bitmapped graphics.
|
||||
|
||||
The idiom 'don't judge a book by its cover' can be extended to 'don't judge a computer game by its graphics'. Whilst many of the games featured in this article have unremarkable graphics, they have many redeeming qualities, including challenging gameplay, and stretching the brain.
|
||||
|
||||
The purpose of this article is to identify our favourite puzzle games. These games are mentally stimulating, and a great diversion from everyday life.
|
||||
|
||||
The purpose of this article is to focus on free Linux games that garner very little attention, certainly far less than any of the commercial counterparts on Steam. All of the games featured here are worth trying out. Whilst many of them lack some of the polish and finesse of their commercial brethren, they are still good fun to play.
|
||||
|
||||
To be eligible for inclusion in this list each game needed to meet the following requirements:
|
||||
|
||||
- Free to play (no download charge, no monthly charge)
|
||||
- Does not require Wine to run. Wine is a compatibility layer for running Windows software
|
||||
- Must be playable and great fun
|
||||
|
||||
Now, let's scrutinize the 30 games at hand. For each game we have compiled its own portal page, providing screenshots of the game in action, a full description of the game, with an in-depth analysis of the features of the game, together with links to relevant resources and reviews.
|
||||
|
||||
### Puzzle Games ###
|
||||
|
||||
- [Neverball][1] Tilt the floor to roll a ball through an obstacle course
|
||||
- [Incredipede][2] Celebrates the vast diversity of life in the world
|
||||
- [Frozen Bubble][3] Throw colourful bubbles to build groups and destroy the groups
|
||||
- [Enigma][4] Uncover pairs of identically colored Oxyd stones
|
||||
- [Crack Attack!][5] Similar to the Super Nintendo classic game "Tetris Attack"
|
||||
- [Puzzle Collection][6] 36 puzzles, mostly reimplementations
|
||||
- [Zaz][7] Simple addictive puzzle game
|
||||
- [Berusky][8] Based on an ancient puzzle named Sokoban
|
||||
- [gbrainy][9] Train memory, arithmetical and logical capabilities
|
||||
- [Monsterz][10] Arcade puzzle game similar to Bejeweled, Zookeeper and Zooo
|
||||
- [levelHead][11] 3D spatial memory game
|
||||
- [gjid][12] Move crates through a complex maze into recycling bins
|
||||
- [Bombermaaan][13] Classic Bomberman game with multiplayer support
|
||||
- [Angry, Drunken Dwarves][14] Fun puzzle game like Puzzle Fighter
|
||||
- [Berusky 2][15] Challenges your visual/spatial thinking
|
||||
- [Numpty Physics][16] Drawing puzzle game in the spirit of Crayon Physics
|
||||
- [Amoebax][17] Puyo-style puzzle game
|
||||
- [Klest-crossword][18] Cross-platform game for guessing crossword puzzles
|
||||
- [Xwelltris][19] 2.5D tetris like game
|
||||
- [I Have No Tomatoes][20] Extreme leisure time activity
|
||||
- [Cube Trains][21] Build elevated railways in a city
|
||||
- [Pingus][22] Lemmings-like game
|
||||
- [Trackballs][23] OpenGL-based game of marbles through a labyrinth
|
||||
- [Brain Workshop][24] Dual n-back brain training exercise
|
||||
- [rezerwar][25] Puzzle game involving organizing pipes with blocks
|
||||
- [Brain Party][26] Puzzle-solving, brain-stretching game
|
||||
- [JAG][27] 2D game similar to KDiamonds
|
||||
- [Atomic Worm][28] Exciting puzzle oriented snake game
|
||||
- [Pioneers][29] Based on the Settlers of Catan
|
||||
- [Fish Fillets NG][30] Port of Fish Fillets from Altar Interactive
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20140201084806845/PuzzleGames.html
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/2008051019354650/Neverball.html
|
||||
[2]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20140201101247656/Incredipede.html
|
||||
[3]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20080510102350336/FrozenBubble.html
|
||||
[4]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20080524072250420/Enigma.html
|
||||
[5]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20080524100816516/CrackAttack%21.html
|
||||
[6]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20140201135434313/PuzzleCollection.html
|
||||
[7]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20101211064900466/Zaz.html
|
||||
[8]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20140201113353386/Berusky.html
|
||||
[9]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20080525211221167/gbrainy.html
|
||||
[10]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/2009081921375955/Monsterz.html
|
||||
[11]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20090815144344770/levelHead.html
|
||||
[12]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20140201142055360/gjid.html
|
||||
[13]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20140201161809886/Bombermaaan.html
|
||||
[14]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/2009081514441763/AngryDrunkenDwarves.html
|
||||
[15]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20140201183159376/Berusky2.html
|
||||
[16]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20101211063800755/NumptyPhysics.html
|
||||
[17]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20090819213709180/Amoebax.html
|
||||
[18]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20140201165631283/Klest-crossword.html
|
||||
[19]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20090819213733554/Xwelltris.html
|
||||
[20]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20140201163108930/IHaveNoTomatoes.html
|
||||
[21]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20140201152715356/CubeTrains.html
|
||||
[22]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20080510105058649/Pingus.html
|
||||
[23]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20090819212528284/Trackballs.html
|
||||
[24]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20100501151619134/BrainWorkshop.html
|
||||
[25]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20100503031223387/rezerwar.html
|
||||
[26]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20100503031206947/BrainParty.html
|
||||
[27]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20100808120210293/JAG.html
|
||||
[28]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/2010080812021597/AtomicWorm.html
|
||||
[29]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20090815144506601/Pioneers.html
|
||||
[30]:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20080517164445969/FishFillets.html
|
||||
@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Should Canonical Drop the Current Background Theme for Ubuntu 14.04 LTS?
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu has been sporting the same kind of background for years, but the upcoming Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (Trusty Tahr) could be the perfect time for a change of scenery.
|
||||
|
||||
The Ubuntu design team always aimed as keeping the background simple and familiar. As a rule of thumb, you need to make sure that people recognize the operating system at a glance, just by looking at the colors of the desktop.
|
||||
|
||||
The last major change in this direction was at the launch of Ubuntu 10.04 LTS (Lucid Lynx). After Lucid Lynx, the backgrounds have been evolving, from one version to another, in small increments.
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (Trusty Tahr) might be the time to shake things up a bit. Canonical is also preparing a face lift for the icons and Unity7. What better moment to make Ubuntu 14.04 LTS stand apart from all the ones that came before it?
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Should-Canonical-Drop-the-Curent-Background-Theme-for-Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-420737.shtml
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Solving HIPPA, HITECH, SSAE16 Server Compliance Issues with Next Generation Datacenters
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
HIPPA stands for Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, and HITECH stands for Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act. Both acts have to do with how health records and data are handled. SSAE16 is similar. It’s an accounting standard created by the Auditing Standards Board (ASB) of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA). The parameters of all three have enormous implications both for healthcare and for web hosting. Dedicated server and managed hosting services that use next generation datacenters must ensure that they can meet the requirements as outlined in the compliance requirements of each one of them.
|
||||
|
||||
### The Basics ###
|
||||
|
||||
It is important to ensure that you are using a datacenter that will comply with the standards of HIPAA, HITECH and SSAE16. When discussing your needs with a datacenter, such as Atlantic.net, you should confirm that the datacenters conform to the standard contingency plan; data backup plan; disaster recovery plan; emergency mode operation plan; testing and revision procedures and applications; and data criticality analysis. Data servers have their own compliance requirements when it comes to managing your data, and you need to ensure that their performance standards can match up with your compliance requirements.
|
||||
|
||||
Achieving SSAE16 Type II Certification to ensure that SSAE16 will not present a problem for the server in the current time or immediate future is important. If you are in healthcare, you are probably familiar with the increasing demand for server and datacenter compliance. The new generation of data centers has helped to pave the way for many healthcare IT companies that needed to find a rock solid solution for their businesses’ hosting solution needs.
|
||||
|
||||
HIPAA was designed to provide better access to health insurance, reduce the occurrence of fraud and abuse, and lower the cost of obtaining health care in the USA. HITECH further reinforces the HIPAA regulations and provides some additional rules for you to follow. The data center you choose should help make the transition to become a fully compliant business, at least through your online presence. This may raise a few eyebrows and some people are even a bit nervous about whether or not their business can meet the demand in time for compliance testing. With the proper structure completed ahead of time, the hard part is done; all you need to do is plug into the tools and features we have available for you to use.
|
||||
|
||||
### What Does Compliance Involve? ###
|
||||
|
||||
Being HIPPA, SSAE16 and HITECH compliant means going the extra mile in server colocation, delivering dedicated servers, managed server hosting, and compliance through a credible datacenter. A datacenter must be reliable, with certified and trained staff who know how to handle customer problems and inquiries.
|
||||
|
||||
Being HIPPA, HITECH and SSAE16 compliant is vital in today’s environment, and everyone is fully aware of the legal boundaries in which healthcare organizations must operate. More efficient cooling procedures ensure that the compliance sequences are followed without a possibility for failure.
|
||||
|
||||
Dynamic allocation of resources where they are needed helps solve many resource issues. Additionally, the resources are used in the coolest parts of the datacenter, meaning more efficient use of the resources as well.
|
||||
|
||||
Optimizing application performance is one of the main advancements that next generation datacenters do incredibly well. These next generation datacenters that have been brought into operation have data security as one of their incredible strong points.
|
||||
|
||||
The new healthcare reform mandates implement even tighter security with HITECH, and service providers has vested large amounts in these regulations. Ample controls and checks/balances to help the patients and healthcare providers will be ensured for obvious reasons. The government understands that companies need to be encouraged to take things to the next level, and as a result, there are tax incentives to deploy EMR/EHR (Electronic Medical Records and Electronic Health Records).
|
||||
|
||||
Using cloud servers, you are able to scale up and scale out according to what your business needs. Even more so, quality datacenters can keep your healthcare organization safe! Using virtualization, companies have dedicated themselves to the continued success of your business. This means they have left no stone unturned to bring you an unprecedented level of services from which you can choose.
|
||||
|
||||
Being [HIPAA compliant][1] is partly the job of the hosting company and partly yours as well. They provide you with the services – the datacenter, the managed hosting and the tech support to ensure you have what you need to bring your healthcare business to the compliance level. They can only offer you the services that are required by the HIPAA, HITECH and SSAE16 regulations. They need your help to make sure both parties are up to speed in the quest to keep your business in complete compliance.
|
||||
|
||||
Cloud computing is a really big part of next generation datacenters. Virtualization technology has made it possible for everyone to have their resources delivered at the most optimum moment through more efficient handling of server resources. If you are new to cloud computing, you should know that this technology in no way endangers your ability to stay HIPAA, HITECH and SSAE16 compliant. Cloud computing is simply the new way of handling server requests and scaling additional resources up and out.
|
||||
|
||||
Have you ever stopped to consider what would happen if you were tagged with a violation of the HIPAA, HITECH or [SSAE16 compliance][2] standards? It would be a catastrophic blow to your business that would land you in court! Additionally, the people affected by the violation could possibly sue for damages. Quality web hosting services are now structured around ensuring that everything in the facility is certified to the new standards of operation.
|
||||
|
||||
Being in business for over 15 years, since 1994, has given us a chance to really perfect the art of hosting, server virtualization, data security, compliance, and the ability to provide a carrier-neutral datacenter.
|
||||
|
||||
### Conclusions ###
|
||||
|
||||
Atlantic.Net and other serious hosting companies have been a step ahead of the compliance standards from day one. Business expertise has allowed us to keep the healthcare IT businesses that we already have under our wing and ahead of the flames. We can help your business stay in line with these compliance standards as well.
|
||||
|
||||
All in all, server compliance issues won’t be much of a big deal once you realize what they are all about. The compliance issues would generally arise from a datacenter not having sufficient hardware or software to accommodate regulatory compliance; or the customer themselves may not be able to get the business into a state of compliance. Either way, a next generation datacenter must be able to offer the services in demand to meet the compliance requirements in order to be compliant with the regulations themselves.
|
||||
|
||||
By [Brett Haines][3]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.atlantic.net/blog/2013/12/04/solving-hippa-hitech-ssae16-server-compliance-issues-generation-datacenters/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.atlantic.net/hipaa-compliant-hosting/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.atlantic.net/ssae-16-type-2-compliant/
|
||||
[3]:https://plus.google.com/u/0/100137311390909550920?rel=author
|
||||
@ -1,73 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Ubuntu 14.04 LTS vs. Windows XP: Pros and Cons
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**More and more people are looking towards the release of Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (Trusty Tahr) as the natural Windows XP replacement, so we'll try to present the pros and cons for this decision.**
|
||||
|
||||
A lot of Windows XP users are looking to make a change after their operating system will cease to receive security updates from Microsoft, in April. Like most people who are migrating to Linux, they have a lot of questions about various aspects, regarding its use and its capabilities. The truth is that probably Windows XP users are more scared than they should be, as we will show right now.
|
||||
|
||||
### Installation ###
|
||||
|
||||
If you ever installed a Windows operating system, you will know how to install Ubuntu or any of its flavors. It uses a very simple and straightforward installer that doesn't bother the users with difficult choices.
|
||||
|
||||
The only drawback is that if you want to partition your system you might encounter some names that are not familiar, like swap or EXT4. The good news is that it’s unlikely that you will ever need multiple partitions.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
*Ubuntu installation*
|
||||
|
||||
### Drivers ###
|
||||
|
||||
Windows users also need to install drivers for new components, like Webcams for example. Some are supported by the operating system, other need manual installation.
|
||||
|
||||
The only driver that you will have to worry in Ubuntu is the one for the graphics card. It’s not quite clear from where you can change it at first and installing a newer one might take some adjusting. The good news is the when you will learn how to add a PPA or how to upgrade your packages, everything will seem a breeze.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
*Install proprietary drivers*
|
||||
|
||||
### Main interface ###
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu is somewhat different from Windows XP in terms of the general interface. Although it’s intuitive, some users might not want to invest the time to learn how to operate a new OS.
|
||||
|
||||
The good news is that Ubuntu has a lot of flavors that are a lot more similar with the way Windows XP looks, like Xubuntu or Lubuntu. Both are based on Ubuntu and feature pretty much the same software.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
*Main Ubuntu desktop*
|
||||
|
||||
### Applications and security ###
|
||||
|
||||
Installing applications in Windows XP seem easy, right? Double click on a package, hit next a couple of time (agree to an EULA agreement you don't actually read), and everything is set.
|
||||
|
||||
In Ubuntu things are a lot easier. Just open Ubuntu Software Center and search for the application you want. Click install and you're done.
|
||||
|
||||
Installing applications in Windows XP could be very dangerous, especially after Microsoft will pull the plug and end the stream of security patches. On Ubuntu you will never get viruses or malware, and the number of viruses for the Linux platform is extremely small. Whenever a problem appears, it only takes the developers a short while to fix it.
|
||||
|
||||
The only drawback on Ubuntu is that you might not find all the applications you were used to on Windows XP. Most of the bigger apps are cross-platform, but on Ubuntu you might need to search for alternatives.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
*Installing applications in Ubuntu Software Center*
|
||||
|
||||
### Gaming ###
|
||||
|
||||
Windows XP might seem a better platform for gaming, but the truth is that most game developers will soon stop to make their software compatible with a dying OS. Valve is putting a lot of effort towards the Linux platform and they are pushing the gaming industry in this direction.
|
||||
|
||||
Steam for Linux got more than 500 games in just one year and there is no sign that they are going to slow down. In the next couple of years, the Linux platform will surely be on par with any Windows OS. Adopting Ubuntu now and getting used to it, if you are a gamer, might a great idea.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
*Portal 2 in Linux*
|
||||
|
||||
### Conclusion ###
|
||||
|
||||
If you are a Windows XP user and you have doubts about adopting Linux and Ubuntu, you might want to think twice about your decision to upgrade to Windows 7 or 8. Linux has it all and there is no good reason not to want an operating system based on it.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-vs-Windows-XP-Pros-and-Cons-430084.shtml
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Ubuntu GNOME 14.04 Wallpaper Contest Kicks Off
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Macro lenses at the ready: Ubuntu GNOME is on the hunt for a new set of community-contributed wallpapers to feature in its forthcoming release.**
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu GNOME 14.04, due in mid-April, wants to look as good as it possibly can. And to do that it needs your help to ensure it ships with a swish selection of wallpapers and backgrounds.
|
||||
|
||||
Interested? Here’s what you need to g-know.
|
||||
|
||||
### Wallpaper Contest Rules ###
|
||||
|
||||
Entry is open to everyone, but you’ll need to be a keen photographer or eager illustrator to take part as the Ubuntu GNOME design team are only looking to include original work.
|
||||
|
||||
The full [submission guidelines][1] are straightforward. In summary they seek to ensure that entries:
|
||||
|
||||
- Don’t include brand names, logos or trademarks
|
||||
- Don’t use violent, religious or explicit imagery
|
||||
- Are simple in composition with a single point of focus
|
||||
- Are designed with the GNOME Shell UI in mind
|
||||
|
||||
It should go without saying: only submit work to which you own the full copyright, and try to aim for a minimum size of **2560 x 1600** (pixels).
|
||||
|
||||
Deadline for all entries is February 27. After this date the Ubuntu GNOME design team will pick their favourites. The precise number of winning wallpapers will be based on the amount and overall quality of entries.
|
||||
|
||||
Like the regular Ubuntu wallpaper competition, Ubuntu GNOME are accepting submissions on Flickr.
|
||||
|
||||
- [Ubuntu GNOME Wallpaper Contest on Flickr][2]
|
||||
|
||||
For those without (or unwilling to sign up for) a Yahoo! account entries can also be made via the [Ubuntu GNOME Wiki][3] (which requires an Ubuntu One account).
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/01/ubuntu-gnome-14-04-wallpaper-contest
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UbuntuGNOME/Artwork/Trusty/CommunityWallpapers
|
||||
[2]:http://www.flickr.com/groups/2484760@N20/
|
||||
[3]:https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UbuntuGNOME/Artwork/Trusty/CommunityWallpapers/Submissions
|
||||
1
sources/news/README.md
Normal file
1
sources/news/README.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1 @@
|
||||
这里放新闻类文章，要求时效性
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
|
||||
Ultimate Edition 3.9 Linux Distro Is a Complete Mess
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Ultimate Edition 3.9, a Linux distribution based on Ubuntu 13.04 (Raring Ringtail), has been released and is now available for download.**
|
||||
|
||||
The previous version of Ultimate Edition was a more down-to-earth variant that came up with some interesting features. It was one of the few distros out there that chose to keep Unity as a desktop environment, but the current version is a complete mess.
|
||||
|
||||
You will notice that the current desktop environment is KDE, or better yet a mutant form of KDE, that is both ugly and infective. The developer chose to implement a host of effects for the window manager, but this kind of glitter is no longer taken seriously.
|
||||
|
||||
The distribution comes with a couple of Internet browsers including Firefox, LibreOffice, and a bunch of other apps that have been duplicated when the developer though that it was a good idea to have multiple software that did the same thing.
|
||||
|
||||
Ultimate Edition 3.9 has been deemed as a stable distribution, and users are encouraged to use it with confidence, although we can only ask ourselves why anyone would do it.
|
||||
|
||||
More details about this release are available in the official [announcement][1]. You can download the [Ultimate Edition 3.9][2] Linux distribution.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Ultimate-Edition-3-9-Linux-Distro-Is-a-Complete-Mess-436797.shtml
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://ultimateedition.info/ultimate_edition/time-is-of-the-essence/
|
||||
[2]:http://ultimateedition.info/ultimate-edition/ultimate_edition_3-6/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
|
||||
5 Pointers To Supercharge Your Raspberry Pi Projects
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
> From SSH to port forwarding, these advanced techniques will ease Raspberry Pi development.
|
||||
|
||||
You’re in command of the command line. You’re not a noob at setting up NOOBS. Slowly but surely, you’re learning your way around the affordable, credit card-size computer for DIY tinkering, Raspberry Pi.
|
||||
|
||||
> See also: [The Quantified Fish: How My Aquarium Uses Raspberry Pi][1]
|
||||
|
||||
However, there’s a steep jump-off point between the basics and the intermediate stuff. When you move from “setting up your Pi” tutorials to stuff like “building a media server,” the pre-project requirements start to get a little dicey. Many intermediate Pi tutorials, including some of the ones here on ReadWrite, assume a few things about your Raspberry Pi setup.
|
||||
|
||||
Not every project will require all of the techniques suggested here, but knowing these procedures will make projects that do require them go much more smoothly later.
|
||||
|
||||
When you’re ready to go beyond the basics, here are some things you can do to prepare your Raspberry Pi for any pre-requirements that a tutorial could throw at you.
|
||||
|
||||
### 1) Using SSH ###
|
||||
|
||||
SSH, which stands for [Secure Shell][2], is a cryptographic network protocol that lets you securely transfer data between your computer and your Raspberry Pi. Projects might require it so you can control your Raspberry Pi from your computer's command line without hooking it up to a monitor or keyboard.
|
||||
|
||||
SSH now comes pre-installed in Raspberry Pi operating system [Raspbian][3], so if you have installed the latest or close-to-latest version of NOOBS, you already have it.
|
||||
|
||||
To use SSH, first you need your Pi’s IP address. Boot your Pi to the command line and type:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo ifconfig
|
||||
|
||||
[Three paragraphs will appear][4]. Your IP address will show up in either the first or the third line, depending on whether your Raspberry Pi is hooked up to an ethernet cable or via a wifi adaptor. If it's ethernet, look in the first paragraph, which starts with "eth0." If it's wifi, look in the third paragraph, which starts with "wlan0."
|
||||
|
||||
Either way, you'll see the words “inet addr” followed by an IP—something like 192.168.2.2, a pretty common default IP address that we’ll use for the duration of this article.
|
||||
|
||||
Now you have the address that'll allow you to access the Pi from your computer. If you’re on a Mac, you already have built-in SSH. Launch the Terminal application and type:
|
||||
|
||||
ssh pi@192.168.2.2
|
||||
|
||||
It’ll ask for your password. By default, this is always "raspberry." If you’ve changed it to something else, use that instead. Now, you’re in!
|
||||
|
||||
If you’re on a PC, there’s an extra step.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Download and run [PuTTY][5] or another SSH client for Windows. Enter your IP address in the field, as shown in the above screenshot. Keep the default port at 22. Hit enter, and PuTTY will open a terminal window which will prompt you for your username and password. Fill those in, and begin working remotely on your Pi.
|
||||
|
||||
### 2) Remote Desktop Your Raspberry Pi ###
|
||||
|
||||
SSH is great for remote controlling your Pi from the command line. But what if you’d like to work off of its Graphical User Interface (GUI)? Fortunately, this is already built in for Macs and PCs.
|
||||
|
||||
On your Raspberry Pi’s command line, (and yes, you can do this with SSH), type:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install xrdp
|
||||
|
||||
Xrdp is a [daemon][6], a computer process that runs in the background that can support Microsoft Remote Desktop Client on both Mac and PC. Once it's installed on your Raspberry Pi, your Mac or PC will be able to access it through the client.
|
||||
|
||||
Search your computer for a program called Remote Desktop Client. It’s not exactly hidden per se, but it’s not stored in your application folder.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Input the IP address when prompted. Next, an xrdp window will pop up, prompting you for your username and password.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
If all goes well, you’ll see your Raspberry Pi’s desktop in a window on your computer screen.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 3) Static IP For Your Pi On The Home Network ###
|
||||
|
||||
That Raspberry Pi IP we found earlier (in Step 1) may work for now, but there’s no guarantee your router will keep assigning the same IP address to your Pi forever. That means the other computers on your network won’t know which IP address the Pi lives at. So how do you assign it a static IP instead of having to use the “sudo ifconfig” command every few days, or worse, hours?
|
||||
|
||||
Predictably, we begin with "ifconfig." So type:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo ifconfig
|
||||
|
||||
Get a pen and paper ready, and record the following three addresses [listed after eth0][7] (The comments after the hashes are my descriptions. They won't show up in the code.):
|
||||
|
||||
inet addr: 192.168.2.2 # Pi's Current IP Address
|
||||
|
||||
Bcast: 192.168.0.255 # The Broadcast IP Range
|
||||
|
||||
Mask: 255.255.255.0 # Subnet Mask Address
|
||||
|
||||
You still need two more pieces of information. So type the following line to get the Gateway and Destination addresses:
|
||||
|
||||
netstat -nr
|
||||
|
||||
Next, go to your router’s configuration. (How you do this is dependent on which router you have, so check the manual.) Find out which addresses the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is giving out to your devices. These are off-limits addresses, since the protocol is already using them. So pick one that isn’t being used—for example, 192.168.2.2. Your router may allow you to reserve an unused IP address and assign it to a local device like the Raspberry Pi. (If you have a Belkin router, this is probably the case.) **If so, you can stop here**.
|
||||
|
||||
If not, you need to let the Raspberry Pi know what its new IP address is. We’ll do this by editing a configuration file on the Pi in the nano text editor:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces
|
||||
|
||||
Change the line “iface eth0 inet dhcp” to “iface eth0 inet static” to inform it that it’s now static.
|
||||
|
||||
Then enter the following, but replace the X's with the addresses you copied down earlier! The top address is the one we’ve decided to assign after looking at what our DHCP wasn’t already using.
|
||||
|
||||
address 192.168.2.2
|
||||
|
||||
netmask XXX.XXX.XXX.X
|
||||
|
||||
network XXX.XXX.X.X
|
||||
|
||||
broadcast XXX.XXX.X.X
|
||||
|
||||
gateway XXX.XXX.X.X
|
||||
|
||||
Reboot the Raspberry Pi with “sudo reboot” and run “ifconfig” one more time. Your new static settings should appear!
|
||||
|
||||
### 4) Forwarding Ports To Raspberry Pi ###
|
||||
|
||||
Some Pi projects may require you forward a specific Internet port to your Raspberry Pi. Ports are virtual pathways where information travels on the Internet. You sometimes need to forward a port in order to make a computer, like the Raspberry Pi, accessible to the Internet even if it’s behind a router. It's kind of like dialing an extension on a phone network.
|
||||
|
||||
Port forwarding can be used for projects like a [Raspberry Pi web server][8], Voice Over IP on the Pi, or simply for peer-to-peer downloading. There are 65,000+ ports to choose from, so you can assign a different port for traffic for every Raspberry Pi project you do.
|
||||
|
||||
Some ports are default for certain things. Port 80 is default for HTML pages. Port 21 is default for FTP (File Transfer Protocol) transferring. Port 1194 is default for setting up a VPN server. So a lot of the time, you can just go with whichever port is set as the default.
|
||||
|
||||
The way to set up port forwarding is entirely dependent on your router, so it’s difficult to create a tutorial for port forwarding beyond [what it actually does][9]. Read the documentation that comes with your router in order to customize and define ports to forward.
|
||||
|
||||
Here are some port forwarding tutorials for major router manufacturers:
|
||||
|
||||
- [Belkin][10]
|
||||
- [Netgear][11]
|
||||
- [Linksys][12]
|
||||
|
||||
### 5) Static IP For Your Pi On The Internet ###
|
||||
|
||||
Once again, if your ISP already gives you a static IP address, you don't need to worry about this section.
|
||||
|
||||
We’ve already set up a static internal IP address for the Raspberry Pi, which means computers inside your local network will always know where to find your Pi. But what about projects that require Raspberry Pi to be connected to the Internet? If you want to build a Web server with your Raspberry Pi, people outside your network need to know where your Pi lives, which means setting a public IP that always looks the same.
|
||||
|
||||
I say “looks the same” because we’re really setting up a pseudo-static IP. Your ISP will continue to change the address as usual. So every time somebody connects to your Pi, the script we’re about to write will say, “Looks like the Pi has moved! Let me redirect you to the new address."
|
||||
|
||||
We do this with a [Dynamic DNS][13] (DDNS), which maintains a name server that gets updated in real-time, and [DDClient][14], a program that will correspond with DDNS directly from your Pi.
|
||||
|
||||
First sign up for a free dynamic host service like [DNS Dynamic][15]. Follow the instructions and create a new nameserver like Yourserver.dnsdynamic.com.
|
||||
|
||||
Now go to the command line on your Raspberry Pi and install DDClient with the following line:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install ddclient
|
||||
|
||||
We need to edit the DDClient configuration with our DDNS's new name server:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo nano /etc/ddclient/ddclient.conf
|
||||
|
||||
Every service will have slightly different configuration, but the DDNS website should tell you what you need to do to configure this file. A standard configuration for DNS Dynamic, for example, [goes like this][16]. Copy and paste it in.
|
||||
|
||||
Your ISP isn’t going to just stop updating the Raspberry Pi’s IP address because of this file, however, so we need to put a daemon at the very top of this script to tell it to continually check whether or not the IP address has changed.
|
||||
|
||||
daemon=600
|
||||
# check every 600 seconds
|
||||
|
||||
This one checks every 10 minutes, which is just good practice. If you set it up to check every second, your dynamic service may not appreciate it because you'll be literally spamming their servers. Press Control + X to save and exit this configuration file.
|
||||
|
||||
After this, type:
|
||||
|
||||
ddclient
|
||||
|
||||
> See also: [12 Cool Projects For Your Raspberry Pi][17]
|
||||
|
||||
Simply typing the name of the program will run it. It’ll continue to run as long as your Raspberry Pi is turned on. If you reboot your Pi, write “ddclient” to start running it again.
|
||||
|
||||
Now your Raspberry Pi is tricked out and ready for more advanced tutorials. Have fun and learn lots!
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://readwrite.com/2014/04/09/raspberry-pi-projects-ssh-remote-desktop-static-ip-tutorial#feed=/hack&awesm=~oB1b7zvteUQGOV
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://readwrite.com/2014/03/04/raspberry-pi-quantified-fish-acquarium#awesm=~oAWz5ZbkX6w7ZL
|
||||
[2]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_Shell
|
||||
[3]:http://www.raspbian.org/
|
||||
[4]:https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruits-raspberry-pi-lesson-3-network-setup/finding-your-pis-ip-address
|
||||
[5]:http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/
|
||||
[6]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daemon_(computing)
|
||||
[7]:https://www.modmypi.com/blog/tutorial-how-to-give-your-raspberry-pi-a-static-ip-address
|
||||
[8]:http://raspberrywebserver.com/serveradmin/get-your-raspberry-pi-web-site-on-line.html
|
||||
[9]:http://portforward.com/help/portforwarding.htm
|
||||
[10]:http://www.belkin.com/us/support-article?articleNum=10790
|
||||
[11]:http://kb.netgear.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/24046/~/how-do-i-configure-port-forwarding-on-routers-with-the-netgear-genie-interface%3F
|
||||
[12]:http://kb.linksys.com/Linksys/ukp.aspx?pid=80&vw=1&articleid=21470
|
||||
[13]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_DNS
|
||||
[14]:http://sourceforge.net/p/ddclient/wiki/Home/
|
||||
[15]:https://www.dnsdynamic.org/
|
||||
[16]:http://dnsdynamic.blog.com/2011/06/26/using-ddclient-with-dnsdynamic/
|
||||
[17]:http://readwrite.com/2014/01/21/raspberry-pi-great-projects#feed=/search?keyword=raspberry+pi&awesm=~oAWzuuuChYu9vm
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
|
||||
A Beginners Guide for XP Users to Switch to Linux
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Microsoft has ended its support for Windows XP and most of you might not even care but for some of you who do care and understand the complications involved in using a discontinued piece of software, you are in for a change. You can either install already outdated Windows 7, no one’s favourite Windows 8 or you can join the elite group of Linux users by installing on of the many available flavours of Linux.
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Unlike Windows, you don’t have to pay hundreds of dollars to get your system up and running, Linux is free and will always be and it comes with all the essential applications like internet browser, email client, video player, photo editor and many others which are also free but first you need to convince yourself why switch to Linux. You might be thinking why bother with something different when you can keep using the same old windows, well, that won’t take long.
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Unlike Windows Linux is not made by some employees paid by Microsoft, it is build by thousands of volunteers around the world in collaboration with big tech giants like Red Hat, IBM, HP, Samsung and many others under the guidance of Linux Foundation. So you can be sure when using Linux that you are not using something build by a few big shot engineers but a solid operating build by contributors around the globe.
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||||
This makes Linux one of the most secure operating systems in the world, well nothing is completely secure but be assure while using Linux you are in safe hands. That is the sole reason why companies like Google, Facebook, Twitter, IBM, NASA depends solely on Linux and here is a [list of world’s top companies and organizations using Linux][1]. Linux is a very lightweight operating system and supports the most cutting edge as well as decades old hardware.
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||||
Now if you are excited by the concept of Linux, let us shot the next elephant in the room, your favourite applications on Windows XP. Linux has most of your favourite application you use on Windows including Firefox, Chrome, Steam, VLC, Skype and Team Viewer. If you cannot find something you use on Windows, there are tons of free alternatives on Linux that actually offer superior functionality as compared to your Windows Applications and they all are build collaboratively.
|
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||||
Some of the most common alternatives are Libre Office for Microsoft Office, Thunderbird for Outlook, Gimp for Adobe Photoshop and they all are free forever and you don’t have to pay hundreds of dollars every year to get minor upgrades. You are not limited to few limited applications as it is on Windows due to monoplic Microsoft behaviour, say if you are not satisfied with Libre Office you can always go for Open Office another very reliable office suite.
|
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||||
The very best thing about using Linux, you don’t have to worry about viruses and no need to install expensive unnecessary resource hog internet security programs as they are hardly any helpful in protecting you. The very foundation of Windows is build in such a way that this entire Cyber Security thing can be monetized and by the look of it, these antivirus companies are doing pretty well. Linux on other hands discourage such practises and it is one of the most secure operating systems in the world. There is a reason why most Global Defence Systems and Stock Exchanges runs on Linux.
|
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|
||||
Well, if you are still not convinced about using Linux as you might have never seen anyone using Linux, take this, the android phones you and everyone around you uses is build on Linux. The television, air conditioner, washing machine and that coffee machine you love so dearly is running Linux. You are already living in a world run by Linux but you are still not a part of it. One more step and you’ll be one of the Elite Linux users.
|
||||
|
||||
Enough of the convincing and let’s start using Linux. First we need to choose a Linux flavor and this is the most fun part. Choosing a Linux for the first time is like Harry Potter choosing a Magic Wand. Every Linux flavours runs the same solid Linux base underneath which we call “Kernel” and different Linux flavours are called “Distributions”.
|
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|
||||
There are hundred of distributions available and all of them are listed on [Distrowatch][2] in order of their popularity. Ubuntu, Linux Mint, Fedora, Debian and Open Suse are some of the famous Linux distributions but if you want something familiar to Windows XP then you better stick to Linux Mint or if you are feeling adventurous you can try the Unity interface in Ubuntu, Gnome in Fedora or KDE in Open Suse. Unity, Gnome, KDE are the names of different kind of user interfaces which we call “Desktop Environments”. These DEs will be fine on even older systems but if you are going to use Linux on something very ancient you can use the lightweight DEs like XFCE and LXDE as they are very lightweight and offer simpler user interface.
|
||||
|
||||
So that’s it, choose the Linux distribution you like and start using it. Linux is free, stable and secure, what more you can ask for and if you feel lucky you can donate some money to the Linux Foundation for all the awesome work those guys do. I won’t be writing any installations tutorials as there are tons of them on internet. I am already helping my friends online and offline in their switch to Linux, you should start using Linux and help your friends.
|
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|
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.linuxfederation.com/beginners-guide-xp-users-switch-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
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|
||||
[1]:http://www.linuxfederation.com/linux-everywhere/
|
||||
[2]:http://distrowatch.com/
|
||||
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