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Translating----geekpi
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Linux FAQs with Answers--How to change PATH environment variable on Linux
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================================================================================
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> **Question**: When I try to run an executable, it complains "command not found." The executable is actually located in /usr/local/bin. How can I add /usr/local/bin to my PATH variable, so that I can run the command without specify the path?
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In Linux, PATH environment variable stores a set of directories to search for an executable command when the command is typed by a user. The value of PATH variable is formatted as a series of colon-separated absolute paths. Each user has a user-specific PATH environment variable (initialized with system-wide default PATH variable).
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To check the current PATH environment variable of a user, run the following command as the user:
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$ echo $PATH
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/usr/lib64/qt-3.3/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/home/xmodulo/bin
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Alternatively, run:
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$ env | grep PATH
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PATH=/usr/lib64/qt-3.3/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/home/xmodulo/bin
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If the command that you type is not found in any of these directories, the shell will throw an error message: "command not found"
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If you want to add an additional directory (e.g., /usr/local/bin) to your PATH variable, you can follow these instructions.
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### Change PATH Environment Variable for a Particular User Only ###
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If you want to temporarily add a new directory (e.g., /usr/local/bin) to a user's default search path in the current login session, you can simply type the following.
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$ PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/bin
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Now check if PATH has been updated:
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$ echo $PATH
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/usr/lib64/qt-3.3/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/home/xmodulo/bin:/usr/local/bin
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The updated PATH will then remain effective in the current login session. The change, however, will be lost in any new terminal session.
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If you want to change PATH variable permanently, open ~/.bashrc (or ~/.bash_profile) with a text editor, and append the following line.
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export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/bin
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Then activate the change permanently by running:
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$ source ~/.bashrc (or source ~/.bash_profile)
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### Change PATH Environment Variable System-wide ###
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If you want to permanently add /usr/local/bin to system-wide default PATH variable, edit /etc/profile as follows.
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$ sudo vi /etc/profile
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export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/bin
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Once you re-login, the updated PATH variable will take effect.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://ask.xmodulo.com/change-path-environment-variable-linux.html
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作者：[Dan Nanni][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://ask.xmodulo.com/author/nanni
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@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
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Linux有问必答--如何在Linux中修改环境变量PATH
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> **提问**: 当我试着运行一个程序时，它提示“command not found”。 但这个程序就在/usr/local/bin下。我该如何添加/usr/local/bin到我的PATH变量下，这样我就可以不用指定路径来运行这个命令了。
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在Linux中，PATH环境变量保存了一系列的目录用于用户在输入的时候搜索命令。PATH变量的值由一系列的由分号分隔的绝对路径组成。每个用户都有特定的PATH环境变量（由系统级的PATH变量初始化）。
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要检查用户的环境变量，用户模式下运行下面的命令：
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$ echo $PATH
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/usr/lib64/qt-3.3/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/home/xmodulo/bin
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或者运行：
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$ env | grep PATH
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PATH=/usr/lib64/qt-3.3/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/home/xmodulo/bin
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如果你的命令不存在于上面任何一个目录内，shell就会抛出一个错误信息：“command not found”。
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如果你想要添加一个另外的目录（比如：/usr/local/bin）到你的PATH变量中，你可以用下面这些命令。
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### 为特定用户修改PATH环境变量 ###
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如果你只想在当前的登录会话中临时地添加一个新的目录（比如：/usr/local/bin）给用户的默认搜索路径，你只需要输入下面的命令。
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$ PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/bin
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检查PATH是否已经更新：
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$ echo $PATH
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/usr/lib64/qt-3.3/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/home/xmodulo/bin:/usr/local/bin
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更新的PATH会在当前的PATH一直有效。然而，更改将在新的会话中失效。
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如果你想要永久更改PATH变量，用编辑器打开~/.bashrc (或者 ~/.bash_profile)，接着在最后添加下面这行。
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export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/bin
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接着运行下面这行永久激活更改：
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$ source ~/.bashrc (or source ~/.bash_profile)
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### 改变系统级的环境变量 ###
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如果你想要永久添加/usr/local/bin到系统级的PATH变量中，像下面这样编辑/etc/profile。
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$ sudo vi /etc/profile
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export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/bin
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你重新登录后，更新的环境变量就会生效了。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://ask.xmodulo.com/change-path-environment-variable-linux.html
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作者：[Dan Nanni][a]
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译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://ask.xmodulo.com/author/nanni
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