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translating wi-cuckoo
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How to Configure Apache Containers with Docker on Fedora 22
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================================================================================
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In this article we are going to learn about Docker, how to use it to deploy Apache httpd and how can you share it on Docker Hub. First we are going to learn how to pull and use images hosted on Docker Hub, and then install Apache on an image of Fedora 22 interactively, after that we are going to learn how to use a Dockerfile to make an image in a faster and more elegant way, finally we are going to publish the image we've created in Docker Hub, so anyone will be able download and use it later.
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### Installing Docker and saying hello world ###
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**Requirements**
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You will need atleast these things to run Docker:
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- You need a 64bit Kernel version 3.10 or higher
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- Iptables 1.4 - This will be used by Docker to make the network wizardry, such as Network Address Translation.
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- Git 1.7 - Docker uses Git to make it transactions to repositories, like Docker Hub
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- ps - This utility is present in most environments and is provided in the procps package.
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- root - despite normal users can run docker client by TCP and other means, we will assume that you are root, for sake of simplicity
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#### Install docker using dnf ####
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The following commands will install Docker
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dnf update && dnf install docker
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**Note**: You can still use Yum in Fedora 22, but it's deprecated in favor of DNF and is not present in a clean install.
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#### Check your install ####
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The first command we are going to use is docker info, this give you many information:
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docker info
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Also try **docker version**:
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docker version
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#### Starting Docker as daemon ####
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You should start a docker instance that will take care of our requests.
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docker -d
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Now set docker to start with the system, so you don't need to run the previous command every time you reboot.
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chkconfig docker on
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Let's say hello world with Busybox:
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docker run -t busybox /bin/echo "hello world"
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In this command, we tell Docker to execute /bin/echo "hello world" in an instance/container of the Busybox image, which is a minimal POSIX environment based in a single binary and links to it.
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If Docker can't find a local image of Busybox on your system, it will pull the image automatically from Docker Hub, as you can see in the following screenshot:
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![Hello world with Busybox](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/docker-hello-world-busybox-complete.png)
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Hello world with Busybox
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Try the same command again, this time as Docker already have the Busybox image locally, all you will see is the output of echo:
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docker run -t busybox /bin/echo "hello world"
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Try also the following to enter in the container environment:
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docker run -it busybox /bin/sh
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To leave and stop the container use the **exit** command
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### Dockerizing Apache interactively ###
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Pull/Download the Fedora image:
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docker pull fedora:22
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Run a container dettached from the console:
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docker run -d -t fedora:22 /bin/bash
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List running containers and identify by name as follows
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docker ps
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![listing with docker ps and attaching with docker attach](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/docker-ps-with-docker-attach-highlight.png)
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listing with docker ps and attaching with docker attach
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The name angry_nobel was given to our instance, so let's attach:
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docker attach angry_nobel
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Note: Every time you run a container a new name will be given, if you need a constant name for you container you should use the -name parameter to docker run command.
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#### Installing Apache ####
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The following command will update DNF database, download install Apache (httpd package) and clean DNF cache to make the image small
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dnf -y update && dnf -y install httpd && dnf -y clean all
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Configuring Apache
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The only thing we are going to change httpd.conf is the ServerName, this makes Apache stops to complain.
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sed -i.orig 's/#ServerName/ServerName/' /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
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**Set the environment**
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To make Apache run in standalone mode, you must provide some information in the form of enviroenment variables, and also you will need the directories set in these variables, so we are going to make this with a small shell script that will also start Apache
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vi /etc/httpd/run_apache_foreground
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----------
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#!/bin/bash
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#set variables
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APACHE_LOG_DI=R"/var/log/httpd"
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APACHE_LOCK_DIR="/var/lock/httpd"
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APACHE_RUN_USER="apache"
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APACHE_RUN_GROUP="apache"
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APACHE_PID_FILE="/var/run/httpd/httpd.pid"
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APACHE_RUN_DIR="/var/run/httpd"
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#create directories if necessary
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if ! [ -d /var/run/httpd ]; then mkdir /var/run/httpd;fi
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if ! [ -d /var/log/httpd ]; then mkdir /var/log/httpd;fi
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if ! [ -d /var/lock/httpd ]; then mkdir /var/lock/httpd;fi
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#run Apache
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httpd -D FOREGROUND
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**Alternatively**, you can past and run this snippet on the container shell:
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dnf -y install git && git clone https://github.com/gaiada/run-apache-foreground.git && cd run-apach* && ./install && dnf erase git
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The inline script above will, install Git, clone [this repository][1], put the script in place and ask you if you want uninstall Git.
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**Saving your container state**
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Your container is now ready to run Apache, now it is time to save the current state of this container in an image to be able use whenever you need.
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To leave the container environment, you must press **Ctrl+p** followed by **Ctrl+q**, if you just call exit in the shell, you will also stop the container and lost what you have done so far.
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Once you are back to the Docker host, use **docker commit** followed by the container and the repository name/tag you desire:
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docker commit angry_nobel gaiada/apache
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Now that you saved the container status into a image, you can use **docker stop** on the running container:
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docker stop angry_nobel
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**Run and test your image**
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Finally, run a container from your new image and redirect connections on port 80 to it with:
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docker run -p 80:80 -d -t gaiada/apache /etc/httpd/run_apache_foreground
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At this point, you are already running Apache in your container, open your browser to access the service in [http://localhost][2] and you will see the Apache default page as follows
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![Apache default page running from Docker container](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/docker-apache-running.png)
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Apache default page running from Docker container
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### Dockerizing Apache with a Dockerfile ###
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Now we are going to create a new Apache image, this time the steps will be written in a Dockerfile, that will be processed to form the image.
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First, create a directory on which we will put the Dockerfile and enter this directory:
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mkdir apachedf; cd apachedf
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And then create a file named Dockerfile with the following content:
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FROM fedora:22
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MAINTAINER Carlos Alberto
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LABEL version="0.1"
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RUN dnf -y update && dnf -y install httpd && dnf -y clean all
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RUN [ -d /var/log/httpd ] || mkdir /var/log/httpd
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RUN [ -d /var/run/httpd ] || mkdir /var/run/httpd
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RUN [ -d /var/lock/httpd ] || mkdir /var/lock/httpd
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RUN sed -i.orig 's/#ServerName/ServerName/' /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
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ENV APACHE_RUN_USER apache
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ENV APACHE_RUN_GROUP apache
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ENV APACHE_LOG_DIR /var/log/httpd
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ENV APACHE_LOCK_DIR /var/lock/httpd
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ENV APACHE_RUN_DIR /var/run/httpd
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ENV APACHE_PID_FILE /var/run/httpd/httpd.pid
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EXPOSE 80
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CMD ["/usr/sbin/httpd", "-D", "FOREGROUND"]
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Let's see what is on this Dockerfile:
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**FROM** - This tells docker that we are going to use Fedora 22 as base image
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**MANTAINER** and **LABEL** - these commands are informative and have no direct influence on the image
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**RUN** - Automate the steps we've done interactively, install Apache, create directories and edit httpd.conf
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**ENV** - Set the environment variables, now we don't need the run_apache_foreground script anymore.
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**EXPOSE** - Expose the port 80 to the world
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**CMD** - Set the default command to httpd, so we don't need to do this every time we start a new container
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**Build the image**
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Now we are going to build the image and put the TAG gaiada/apachedf on it:
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docker build -t gaiada/apachedf:0.1 .
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![docker build complete](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/docker-build-complete.png)
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docker build complete
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Use **docker images** list the local images and see if your new image is there:
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docker images
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And then run you new image:
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docker run -t -p 80:80 gaiada/apachedf
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That is it for the Dockerfile, using this feature make things much easier, faster and reproducible.
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### Publishing your images ###
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Until now, you just pulled images from Docker Hub, but you can also push you image and pull them later as needed. In fact other can also download your image and use it in their systems without the need of change anything and now we are going to learn how to make our image available for others worldwide.
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**Creating account**
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For you to be able to push your image on Docker Hub, you need to create an account. Access [https://hub.docker.com/account/signup/][3] and fill the following form:
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![Docker Hub signup page](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/docker-hub-signup.png)
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Docker Hub signup page
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**Login**
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Enter the following command and proceed with the login name, password and email you provided in your account creation
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docker login
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After you do the first login, your account information will be recorded in **~/.dockercfg**
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**Pushing**
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Push the page to the server with the **docker push [registry/]your_login/repository_name[:tag]**
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docker push docker.io/gaiada/apachedf
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You might see something like this on your console:
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![Docker push Apache image complete](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/docker-pushing-apachedf-complete.png)
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Docker push Apache image complete
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### Conclusion ###
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Now that you know how to Dockerize Apache, try to include some modules, Perl, PHP, proxy, HTTPS, or whatever you need. I hope you guys liked it, and push your own images on Docker Hub.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://linoxide.com/linux-how-to/configure-apache-containers-docker-fedora-22/
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作者:[Carlos Alberto][a]
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译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://linoxide.com/author/carlosal/
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[1]:https://github.com/gaiada/run-apache-foreground
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[2]:http://localhost/
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[3]:https://hub.docker.com/account/signup/
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@ -0,0 +1,279 @@
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如何在Fedora 22上面配置Apache的Docker容器
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=============================================================================
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在这篇文章中,我们将会学习关于Docker的一些知识,如何使用Docker部署Apache httpd服务,并且共享到Docker Hub上面去。首先,我们学习怎样拉取和使用Docker Hub里面的镜像,然后交互式地安装Apache到一个Fedora 22的镜像里去,之后我们将会学习如何用一个Dockerfile文件来制作一个镜像,以一种更快,更优雅的方式。最后,我们会在Docker Hub上公开我们创建地镜像,这样以后任何人都可以下载并使用它。
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### 安装Docker,运行hello world ###
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**要求**
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运行Docker,里至少需要满足这些:
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- 你需要一个64位的内核,版本3.10或者更高
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- Iptables 1.4 - Docker会用来做网络配置,如网络地址转换(NAT)
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- Git 1.7 - Docker会使用Git来与仓库交流,如Docker Hub
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- ps - 在大多数环境中这个工具都存在,在procps包里有提供
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- root - 防止一般用户可以通过TCP或者其他方式运行Docker,为了简化,我们会假定你就是root
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### 使用dnf安装docker ###
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以下的命令会安装Docker
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dnf update && dnf install docker
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**注意**:在Fedora 22里,你仍然可以使用Yum命令,但是被DNF取代了,而且在纯净安装时不可用了。
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### 检查安装 ###
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我们将要使用的第一个命令是docker info,这会输出很多信息给你:
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docker info
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也可以试着用**docker version**:
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docker version
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### 启动Dcoker为守护进程 ###
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你应该启动一个docker实例,然后她会处理我们的请求。
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docker -d
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让我们用Busybox来打印hello world:
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dockr run -t busybox /bin/echo "hello world"
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这个命令里,我们告诉Docker执行 /bin/echo "hello world",在Busybox镜像的一个实例/容器里。Busybox是一个小型的POSIX环境,将许多小工具都结合到了一个单独的可执行程序里。
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如果Docker不能在你的系统里找到本地的Busybox镜像,她就会自动从Docker Hub里拉取镜像,正如你可以看下如下的快照:
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![Hello world with Busybox](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/docker-hello-world-busybox-complete.png)
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Hello world with Busybox
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再次尝试相同的命令,这次由于Docker已经有了本地的Busybox镜像,所有你将会看到的就是echo的输出:
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docker run -t busybox /bin/echo "hello world"
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也可以尝试以下的命令进入到容器环境里去:
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docker run -it busybox /bin/sh
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使用**exit**命令可以离开容器并停止它
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### 交互式地Docker化Apache ###
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拉取/下载 Fedora 镜像:
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docker pull fedora:22
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起一个容器在后台运行:
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docker run -d -t fedora:22 /bin/bash
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列出正在运行地容器,并用名字标识,如下
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docker ps
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![listing with docker ps and attaching with docker attach](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/docker-ps-with-docker-attach-highlight.png)
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使用docker ps列出,并使用docker attach进入一个容器里
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angry_noble是docker分配给我们容器的名字,所以我们来附上去:
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docker attach angry_noble
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注意:每次你起一个容器,就会被给与一个新的名字,如果你的容器需要一个固定的名字,你应该在 docker run 命令里使用 -name 参数。
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### 安装Apache ###
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下面的命令会更新DNF的数据库,下载安装Apache(httpd包)并清理dnf缓存使镜像尽量小
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dnf -y update && dnf -y install httpd && dnf -y clean all
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配置Apache
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我们需要修改httpd.conf的唯一地方就是ServerName,这会使Apache停止抱怨
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sed -i.orig 's/#ServerName/ServerName/' /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
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**设定环境**
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为了使Apache运行为单机模式,你必须以环境变量的格式提供一些信息,并且你也需要在这些变量里的目录设定,所以我们将会用一个小的shell脚本干这个工作,当然也会启动Apache
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||||
vi /etc/httpd/run_apache_foreground
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||||
----------
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||||
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#!/bin/bash
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#set variables
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||||
APACHE_LOG_DI=R"/var/log/httpd"
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APACHE_LOCK_DIR="/var/lock/httpd"
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APACHE_RUN_USER="apache"
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APACHE_RUN_GROUP="apache"
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APACHE_PID_FILE="/var/run/httpd/httpd.pid"
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APACHE_RUN_DIR="/var/run/httpd"
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#create directories if necessary
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if ! [ -d /var/run/httpd ]; then mkdir /var/run/httpd;fi
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if ! [ -d /var/log/httpd ]; then mkdir /var/log/httpd;fi
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if ! [ -d /var/lock/httpd ]; then mkdir /var/lock/httpd;fi
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#run Apache
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httpd -D FOREGROUND
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**另外地**,你可以粘贴这个片段代码到容器shell里并运行:
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dnf -y install git && git clone https://github.com/gaiada/run-apache-foreground.git && cd run-apach* && ./install && dnf erase git
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||||
上面的内嵌脚本会安装Git,克隆[这个仓库][1],到文件里去运行脚本,并询问你是否卸载Git。
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||||
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**保存你的容器状态**
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||||
你的容器现在可以运行Apache,是时候保存容器当前的状态为一个镜像,以备你需要的时候使用。
|
||||
|
||||
为了离开容器环境,你必须顺序按下 **Ctrl+q** 和 **Ctrl+p**,如果你仅仅在shell执行exit,你同时也会停止容器,失去目前为止你做过的所有工作。
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||||
|
||||
回到Docker主机,使用 **docker commit** 加容器和你期望的仓库名字/标签:
|
||||
|
||||
docker commit angry_noble gaiada/apache
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||||
|
||||
现在,你保存了容器的状态到一个镜像里,可以使用 **docker stop** 停止容器了:
|
||||
|
||||
docker stop angry_noble
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||||
|
||||
**运行并测试你的镜像**
|
||||
|
||||
最后,从你的新镜像起一个容器,并且重定向80端口到容器:
|
||||
|
||||
docker run -p 80:80 -d -t gaiada/apache /etc/httpd/run_apache_foreground
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
到目前,你正在你的容器里运行Apache,打开你的浏览器访问该服务,在[http://localhost][2],你将会看到如下Apache默认的页面
|
||||
|
||||
![Apache default page running from Docker container](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/docker-apache-running.png)
|
||||
|
||||
在容器里运行的Apache默认页面
|
||||
|
||||
### 使用Dockerfile Docker化Apache ###
|
||||
|
||||
现在,我们将要去创建一个新的Apache镜像,这次所有步骤会写在一个Dockerfile文件里,文件将会被用于生成该镜像。
|
||||
|
||||
首先,新建一个目录,在里面放Dockerfile文件,并进入该目录:
|
||||
|
||||
mkdir apachedf; cd apachedf
|
||||
|
||||
然后创建一个名为Dockerfile的文件,添加以下内容:
|
||||
|
||||
FROM fedora:22
|
||||
|
||||
MAINTAINER Carlos Alberto
|
||||
LABEL version="0.1"
|
||||
|
||||
RUN dnf -y update && dnf -y install httpd && dnf -y clean all
|
||||
|
||||
RUN [ -d /var/log/httpd ] || mkdir /var/log/httpd
|
||||
RUN [ -d /var/run/httpd ] || mkdir /var/run/httpd
|
||||
RUN [ -d /var/lock/httpd ] || mkdir /var/lock/httpd
|
||||
|
||||
RUN sed -i.orig 's/#ServerName/ServerName/' /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
|
||||
|
||||
ENV APACHE_RUN_USER apache
|
||||
ENV APACHE_RUN_GROUP apache
|
||||
ENV APACHE_LOG_DIR /var/log/httpd
|
||||
ENV APACHE_LOCK_DIR /var/lock/httpd
|
||||
ENV APACHE_RUN_DIR /var/run/httpd
|
||||
ENV APACHE_PID_FILE /var/run/httpd/httpd.pid
|
||||
|
||||
EXPOSE 80
|
||||
|
||||
CMD ["/usr/sbin/httpd", "-D", "FOREGROUND"]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
我们一起来看看Dockerfile里面有什么:
|
||||
|
||||
**FROM** - 这告诉docker,我们将要使用Fedora 22作为基础镜像
|
||||
|
||||
**MAINTAINER** 和 **LABLE** - 这些命令对镜像没有直接作用,属于标记信息
|
||||
|
||||
**RUN** - 自动完成我们之前交互式做的工作,安装Apache,新建目录并编辑httpd.conf
|
||||
|
||||
**ENV** - 设置环境变量,现在我们再不需要run_apache_foreground脚本
|
||||
|
||||
**EXPOSE** - 暴露80端口给外网
|
||||
|
||||
**CMD** - 设置默认的命令启动httpd服务,这样我们就不需要每次起一个新的容器都重复这个工作
|
||||
|
||||
**建立该镜像**
|
||||
|
||||
现在,我们将要建立这个镜像,并为其添加tag gaiada/apachedf
|
||||
|
||||
docker build -t gaiada/apachedf:0.1 .
|
||||
|
||||
![docker build complete](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/docker-build-complete.png)
|
||||
|
||||
docker完成创建
|
||||
|
||||
使用 **docker images** 列出本地镜像,查看是否存在你新建的镜像:
|
||||
|
||||
docker images
|
||||
|
||||
然后运行新的镜像:
|
||||
|
||||
docker run -t -p 80:80 gaiada/apachedf
|
||||
|
||||
这就是Dockerfile的工作,使用这项功能会使得事情更加容易,快速并且可重复生成。
|
||||
|
||||
### 公开你的镜像 ###
|
||||
|
||||
直到现在,你仅仅是从Docker Hub拉取了镜像,但是你也可以推送你的镜像,以后需要也可以再次拉取他们。实际上,其他人也可以下载你的镜像,在他们的系统中使用它而不需要改变任何东西。现在我们将要学习如何使我们的镜像对世界上的其他人可用。
|
||||
|
||||
**创建帐号**
|
||||
|
||||
为了能够在Docker Hub上推送你的镜像,你需要创建一个帐号。访问 [https://hub.docker.com/account/signup/][3],填写下面的表格:
|
||||
|
||||
![Docker Hub signup page](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/docker-hub-signup.png)
|
||||
|
||||
Docker Hub 注册页面
|
||||
|
||||
**登录**
|
||||
|
||||
输入下面的命令,接着输入你注册时提供的用户名,密码和邮箱
|
||||
|
||||
docker login
|
||||
|
||||
第一次登录过后,你的帐号信息会被记录在 **~/.dockercfg**
|
||||
|
||||
**推送**
|
||||
|
||||
推送镜像,使用 **docker push [registry/]your_login/repository_name[:tag]**
|
||||
|
||||
docker push docker.io/gaiada/apachedf
|
||||
|
||||
你可能会看见像这样的输出,在你的控制台上:
|
||||
|
||||
![Docker push Apache image complete](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/docker-pushing-apachedf-complete.png)
|
||||
|
||||
Docker推送Apache镜像完成
|
||||
|
||||
### 结论 ###
|
||||
|
||||
现在,你知道如何Docker化Apache,试一试包含其他一些组块,Perl,PHP,proxy,HTTPS,或者任何你需要的东西。我希望你们这些家伙喜欢她,并推送你们自己的镜像到Docker Hub。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://linoxide.com/linux-how-to/configure-apache-containers-docker-fedora-22/
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[Carlos Alberto][a]
|
||||
译者:[wi-cuckoo](https://github.com/wi-cuckoo)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://linoxide.com/author/carlosal/
|
||||
[1]:https://github.com/gaiada/run-apache-foreground
|
||||
[2]:http://localhost/
|
||||
[3]:https://hub.docker.com/account/signup/
|
||||
|
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user