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[scusjs占坑]Daily Ubuntu Tips – Adding User Accounts In Ubuntu
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================================================================================
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Ubuntu is a multi-user operating system. Multi-user OS means that more than one users are access the computer with separate and individual profile with home folder, documents, and settings. User A can login and make changes to his/her profile without affecting user **B’s** profile.
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So, instead of creating a single shared account for everyone in your household, you can create an individual account for each user who will be using your home computer. This brief tutorial is going to show you how to do that when using Ubuntu.
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To get started, click on the far fight of the menu bar and select the gear icon, then click System Settings.
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When that opens, click ‘**User Accounts**’ from the bottom of your screen as shown below
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You need administrative privileges to add user accounts to Ubuntu. If you do, click Unlock before adding accounts.
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Next, click the plus ( + ) button to create a user account.
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There are two primary account types when creating new users. **Standard User** and **Administrator**. User with administrative rights can delete users, install software and drivers, change the date and time and can make changes that may render the computer unstable.
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Standard won’t be able to make these changes. He/she can only change stuff in his/her profile.
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When you enter the full name of the user, the username will automatically be selected for you based on his full name. It’s ok to keep it but you can change it if you like. When you’re done, click Create to create the account.
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By default, the account is disabled and will remain so until you change/add a password. To enable the account, click the Account disabled button, then type a new password.
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If you want to user to automatically logon without typing password, you can choose the drop-down option while setting his/her password to logon automatically.
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Enjoy!
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.liberiangeek.net/2013/09/daily-ubuntu-tips-adding-user-accounts-ubuntu/
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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69
translated/Five Examples Of The ping Utility.md
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五个 ping 工具的实例
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================================================================================
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### 什么是 ping 工具###
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在传授一些关于ping工具真实大观的实例前,先让我来解释一下这个命令行工具及其目的.ping工具通常用来测试一台主机在互联网协议(IP)网络内的连通性.其名字源于主动声纳法,这是用来在水下创建一个脉冲声音(ping)并遇到周围的对象而返回信号.用这个方法是对ping网络工具最通俗易懂的解释.ping工具对一台主机发送回应请求然后等待ICMP响应.
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用于实践ping工具的一些例子:
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### 查询主机的IP地址 ###
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有时候你需要得到某一台的IP地址,你可以使用ping工具如图一所示.键入ping命令后面跟上要查询的主机名.
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ping www.omgubuntu.com
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### 查询正在使用的ping工具的版本信息 ###
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用 -V 选项可以用来查询你手头上ping工具的版本信息.键入下列命令显示正在使用的ping工具的版本信息.
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ping -V
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正如你从图二见到的,我正在用ping utility,iputils-sss20101006
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### 自动退出 ping ###
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当你用‘ping 主机’命令ping一台机器,ping时无法停止必需按CTRL+C强行退出,或者你可以用 -c (count)选项指定发送包的数量.当用-c选项,当网络管理员(无论那个用户)发送了指定数量的包,无需按CTRL+C,ping进程会自动停止.
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ping -c 13 127.0.0.1
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上列的命令发送了13个包到我的本地主机上.
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正如你从图三看到的,我并没有按CTRL+C,而ping自动退出了.
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### 指定数据包之间的时间间隔 ###
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你知道ping每秒钟发送一个数据包吗?你要加快还是减慢呢?用 -i 选项能指定包之间的时间间隔.用下列命令快速发送或慢速发送包.
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### 每0.13秒发送一个包 ###
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ping -i 0.13
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### 每13秒发送一个包 ###
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ping -i 13
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### 结合 -i 选项和 -c 选项 ###
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ping -c 13 -i 3
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用39秒发出13个数据包,数据包的时间间隔为三秒.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.unixmen.com/five-examples-ping-utility/
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译者：[Luoxcat](https://github.com/Luoxcat) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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107
translated/How to monitor system temperature on Linux.md
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如何在Linux下监控系统温度
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================================================================================
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在大多数情况下,你无需担心你电脑的温度.除非制造缺陷,设计硬件一般都不会超过最大的工作温度.但即使没有任何硬件故障,各样的软件问题也会导致硬件过热,例如,显卡驱动的大量bug,错误风扇控制程序配置,CPU频率调节守护进程的故障,等.
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过热可能会严重到对你硬件造成永久性的伤害.所以小心你系统上的任何过热问题.如果有适当的温度监控系统,那再好不过了,这样在系统温度突然急速上升时可以第一时间收到警告.
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在这个教程,我将描述**如何在Linux下监控系统温度**.
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在Linux下有几个允许你检查和监控各种系统组件的用户级工具.
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[lm-sensors][1] 是一款从硬件嵌入式传感器获取信息,以达到监测温度,电压,湿度和风扇
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在下文中,我将会描述如何设置psensor来监控CPUs和硬盘的温度.
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### 在Linux 桌面版上安装 psensor###
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psensor可以可视化系统温度,但其中信息的获取是基于其他类似lm-sensors和hddtemp的工具.因此你需要在安装psensor的同时,一并安装所需工具.
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在Debian或Ubuntu下安装psensor:
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$ sudo apt-get install lm-sensors hddtemp psensor
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在Fedora下安装psensor
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$ sudo yum install lm_sensors hddtemp
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$ sudo yum install gcc gtk3-devel GConf2-devel lm_sensors-devel cppcheck libatasmart-devel libcurl-devel json-c-devel libmicrohttpd-devel help2man libnotify-devel libgtop2-devel make
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$ wget http://wpitchoune.net/psensor/files/psensor-0.8.0.3.tar.gz
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$ tar xvfvz psensor-0.8.0.3.tar.gz
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$ cd psensor-0.8.0.3
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$ ./configure
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$ make
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$ sudo make install
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由于必需要有GTK3库,psensor不能跟搭载GNOME2桌面的CentOs或RHEL 6兼容.
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### 在Linux中配置 psensor ###
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在启动 psensor之前,你需要先配置lm_sensors和hddtemp.
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#### lm_sensors 配置 ####
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允许以下命令,配置lm_sensors,每一项都选择YES.
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$ sudo sensors-detect
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这个命令将会探查和检测你硬件中嵌入式的传感器(包括CPUs,储存控制器,I/O芯片),然后在你的系统上自动决定那个驱动模块需要被载入检查温度.
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一旦传感器检测完成,你将被要求把检测到的驱动模块添加到/etc配置中,这样它们才可以在开机时自动加载.
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在Debian或Ubuntu下,检测到的驱动模块将会被添加到/et/modules.在Fedora下,驱动信息会添加到/etc/sysconfig/lm_sersors.
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接下来,继续加载必要的模块,如下:
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Ubuntu:
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$ sudo service module-init-tools start
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Debian:
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$ sudo /etc/init.d/kmod start
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Fedora
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$ sudo service lm_sensors start
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#### hddtemp 配置 ####
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你还需要启动hddtemp,让它监控硬盘驱动器的温度.
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运行下列命令,作为一个守护进程启动hddtemp.替代 “/dev/sda” 来监控你系统上的硬盘驱动器.
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$ sudo hddtemp -d /dev/sda
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### 用 psensor 监控系统温度 ###
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开始用psensor监测温度:
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$ psensor
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psensor的窗口将显示一个可用传感器的列表,并可视化从这些传感器中读出的温度.你可以选择性地启用或禁用每个传感器.
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[][5]
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另外,你可以为每个传感器设置警报级别,这样当传感器温度超过某一阈值将会通知你.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://xmodulo.com/2013/11/monitor-system-temperature-linux.html
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译者：[Luoxcat](https://github.com/Luoxcat) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:http://lm-sensors.org/
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[2]:http://www.guzu.net/linux/hddtemp.php
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[3]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S.M.A.R.T.
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[4]:http://wpitchoune.net/blog/psensor/
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[5]:http://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/10719475225/
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