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Merge pull request #21799 from wxy/20210427-What-s-new-in-Fedora-Workstation-34
TSL&PRF:sources/tech/20210427 What-s new in Fedora Workstation 34.md
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[#]: subject: (What’s new in Fedora Workstation 34)
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[#]: via: (https://fedoramagazine.org/whats-new-fedora-34-workstation/)
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[#]: author: (Christian Fredrik Schaller https://fedoramagazine.org/author/uraeus/)
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (wxy)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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What’s new in Fedora Workstation 34
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======
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![][1]
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Fedora Workstation 34 is the latest version of our leading-edge operating system and this time there are major improvements heading your way. Best of all, you can download it from [the official website][2]. What’s new, I hear you ask!? Well let’s get to it.
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### GNOME 40
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[GNOME 40][3] is a major update to the GNOME desktop, which Fedora community members played a key role in designing and implementing, so you can be sure that the needs of Fedora users were taken into account.
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The first thing you notice as you log into the GNOME 40 desktop is that you are now taken directly to a redesigned overview screen. You will notice that the dash bar has moved to the bottom of the screen. Another major change to GNOME 40 is the virtual work spaces are now horizontal which brings GNOME more in line with most other desktops out there and should thus make getting used to GNOME and Fedora easier for new users.
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Work has also been done to improve gesture support in the desktop with 3-finger horizontal swipes for switching workspaces, and 3-finger vertical swipes for bringing up the overview.
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![][4]
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The updated overview design brings a collection of other improvements, including:
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* The dash now separates favorite and non-favorite running apps. This makes it clear which apps have been favorited and which haven’t.
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* Window thumbnails have been improved, and now have an app icon over each one, to help identification.
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* When workspaces are set to be on all displays, the workspace switcher is now shown on all displays rather than just the primary one.
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* App launcher drag and drop has been improved, to make it easier to customize the arrangement of the app grid.
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The changes in GNOME 40 underwent a good deal of user testing, and have had a very positive reaction so far, so we’re excited to be introducing them to the Fedora community. For more information, see [forty.gnome.org][3] or the [GNOME 40 release notes][5].
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### App Improvements
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GNOME Weather has been redesigned for this release with two views, one for the hourly forecast for the next 48 hours, and one for the daily forecast for the next 10 days.
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The new version now shows more information, and is more mobile-friendly, as it supports narrower sizes.
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![][6]
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Other apps which have been improved include Files, Maps, Software and Settings. See the [GNOME 40 release notes][5] for more details.
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### **PipeWire**
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PipeWire is the new audio and video server, created by Wim Taymans, who also co-created the GStreamer multimedia framework. Until now, it has only been used for video capture, but in Fedora Workstation 34 we are making the jump to also use it for audio, replacing PulseAudio.
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PipeWire is designed to be compatible with both PulseAudio and Jack, so applications should generally work as before. We have also worked with Firefox and Chrome to ensure that they work well with PipeWire. PipeWire support is also coming soon in OBS Studio, so if you are a podcaster, we’ve got you covered.
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PipeWire has had a very positive reception from the pro-audio community. It is prudent to say that there may be pro-audio applications that will not work 100% from day one, but we are receiving a constant stream of test reports and patches, which we will be using to continue the pro-audio PipeWire experience during the Fedora Workstation 34 lifecycle.
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### **Improved Wayland support**
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Support for running Wayland on top of the proprietary NVIDIA driver is expected to be resolved within the Fedora Workstation 34 lifetime. Support for running a pure Wayland client on the NVIDIA driver already exists. However, this currently lacks support for the Xwayland compatibility layer, which is used by many applications. This is why Fedora still defaults to X.Org when you install the NVIDIA driver.
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We are [working upstream with NVIDIA][7] to ensure Xwayland works in Fedora with NVIDIA hardware acceleration.
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### **QtGNOME platform and Adwaita-Qt**
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Jan Grulich has continued his great work on the QtGNOME platform and Adawaita-qt themes, ensuring that Qt applications integrate well with Fedora Workstation. The Adwaita theme that we use in Fedora has evolved over the years, but with the updates to QtGNOME platform and Adwaita-Qt in Fedora 34, Qt applications will more closely match the current GTK style in Fedora Workstation 34.
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As part of this work, the appearance and styling of Fedora Media Writer has also been improved.
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![][8]
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### **Toolbox**
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Toolbox is our great tool for creating development environments that are isolated from your host system, and it has seen lots of improvements for Fedora 34. For instance we have put a lot of work into improving the CI system integration for toolbox to avoid breakages in our stack causing Toolbox to stop working.
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A lot of work has been put into the RHEL integration in Toolbox, which means that you can easily set up a containerized RHEL environment on a Fedora system, and thus conveniently do development for RHEL servers and cloud instances. Creating a RHEL environment on Fedora is now as easy as running: toolbox create –distro rhel –release 8.4.
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This gives you the advantage of an up to date desktop which supports the latest hardware, while being able to do RHEL-targeted development in a way that feels completely native.
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![][9]
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### **Btrfs**
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Fedora Workstation has been using Btrfs as its default file system since Fedora 33. Btrfs is a modern filesystem that is developed by many companies and projects. Workstation’s adoption of Btrfs came about through fantastic collaboration between Facebook and the Fedora community. Based on user feedback so far, people feel that Btrfs provides a snappier and more responsive experience, compared with the old ext4 filesystem.
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With Fedora 34, new workstation installs now use Btrfs transparent compression by default. This saves significant disk space compared with uncompressed Btrfs, often in the range of 20-40%. It also increases the lifespan of SSDs and other flash media.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://fedoramagazine.org/whats-new-fedora-34-workstation/
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作者：[Christian Fredrik Schaller][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://fedoramagazine.org/author/uraeus/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/f34-workstation-816x345.jpg
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[2]: https://getfedora.org/workstation
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[3]: https://forty.gnome.org/
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[4]: https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/xDklMWAGBWvRGRp2kby-XKr6b0Jvan8Obmn11sfmkKnsnXizKePYV9aWdEgyxmJetcvwMifYRUm6TcPRCH9szZfZOE9pCpv2bkjQhnq2II05Yu6o_DjEBmqTlRUGvvUyMN_VRtq8zkk2J7GUmA
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[5]: https://help.gnome.org/misc/release-notes/40.0/
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[6]: https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/pQ3IIAvJDYrdfXoTUnrOcCQBjtpXqd_5Rmbo4xwxIj2qMCXt7ZxJEQ12OoV7yUSF8zpVR0VFXkMP0M8UK1nLbU7jhgQPJAHPayzjAscQmTtqqGsohyzth6-xFDjUXogmeFmcP-yR9GWXfXv-yw
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[7]: https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/xorg/xserver/-/merge_requests/587
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[8]: https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/PDXxFS7SBFGI-3jRtR-TmqupvJRxy_CbWTfjB4sc1CKyO1myXkqfpg4jGHQJRK2e1vUh1KD_jyBsy8TURwCIkgAJcETCOlSPFBabqB5yDeWj3cvygOOQVe3X0tLFjuOz3e-ZX6owNZJSqIEHOQ
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[9]: https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/dVRCL14LGE9WpmdiH3nI97OW2C1TkiZqREvBlHClNKdVcYvR1nZpZgWfup_GP5SN17iQtSJf59FxX2GYqoajXbdXLRfOwAREn7gVJ1fa_bspmcTZ81zkUQC4tNUx3f7D7uD7Peeg2Zc9Kldpww
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translated/tech/20210427 What-s new in Fedora Workstation 34.md
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[#]: subject: (What’s new in Fedora Workstation 34)
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[#]: via: (https://fedoramagazine.org/whats-new-fedora-34-workstation/)
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[#]: author: (Christian Fredrik Schaller https://fedoramagazine.org/author/uraeus/)
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (wxy)
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[#]: reviewer: (wxy)
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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Fedora Workstation 34 中的新变化
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======
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Fedora Workstation 34 是我们领先的操作系统的最新版本，这次你将获得重大改进。最重要的是，你可以从 [官方网站][2] 下载它。我听到你在问，有什么新的东西？好吧，让我们来介绍一下。
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### GNOME 40
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[GNOME 40][3] 是对 GNOME 桌面的一次重大更新，Fedora 社区成员在其设计和实现过程中发挥了关键作用，因此你可以确信 Fedora 用户的需求被考虑在内。
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当你登录到 GNOME 40 桌面时，首先注意到的就是你现在会被直接带到一个重新设计的概览屏幕。你会注意到仪表盘已经移到了屏幕的底部。GNOME 40 的另一个主要变化是虚拟工作空间现在是水平摆放的，这使 GNOME 与其他大多数桌面更加一致，因此应该使新用户更容易适应 GNOME 和 Fedora。
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我们还做了一些工作来改善桌面中的手势支持，用三根手指水平滑动来切换工作空间，用三根手指垂直滑动来调出概览。
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更新后的概览设计带来了一系列其他改进，包括：
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* 仪表盘现在将收藏的和未收藏的运行中的应用程序分开。这使得可以清楚了解哪些应用已经被收藏，哪些未收藏。
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* 窗口缩略图得到了改进，现在每个窗口上都有一个应用程序图标，以帮助识别。
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* 当工作区被设置为在所有显示器上显示时，工作区切换器现在会显示在所有显示器上，而不仅仅是主显示器。
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* 应用启动器的拖放功能得到了改进，可以更轻松地自定义应用程序网格的排列方式。
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GNOME 40 中的变化经历了大量的用户测试，到目前为止反应非常正面，所以我们很高兴能将它们介绍给 Fedora 社区。更多信息请见 [forty.gnome.org][3] 或 [GNOME 40 发行说明][5]。
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### 应用程序的改进
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GNOME “天气”为这个版本进行了重新设计，具有两个视图，一个是未来 48 小时的小时预报，另一个是未来 10 天的每日预报。
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新版本现在显示了更多的信息，并且更适合移动设备，因为它支持更窄的尺寸。
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其他被改进的应用程序包括“文件”、“地图”、“软件”和“设置”。更多细节请参见 [GNOME 40 发行说明][5]。
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### PipeWire
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PipeWire 是新的音频和视频服务器，由 Wim Taymans 创建，他也共同创建了 GStreamer 多媒体框架。到目前为止，它只被用于视频捕获，但在 Fedora Workstation 34 中，我们也开始将其用于音频，取代 PulseAudio。
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PipeWire 旨在与 PulseAudio 和 Jack 兼容，因此应用程序通常应该像以前一样可以工作。我们还与 Firefox 和 Chrome 合作，确保它们能与 PipeWire 很好地配合。OBS Studio 也即将支持 PipeWire，所以如果你是一个播客，我们已经帮你搞定了这些。
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PipeWire 在专业音频界获得了非常积极的回应。谨慎地说，从一开始就可能有一些专业音频应用不能完全工作，但我们会源源不断收到测试报告和补丁，我们将在 Fedora Workstation 34 的生命周期内使用这些报告和补丁来延续专业音频 PipeWire 的体验。
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### 改进的 Wayland 支持
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我们预计将在 Fedora Workstation 34 的生命周期内解决在专有的 NVIDIA 驱动之上运行 Wayland 的支持。已经支持在 NVIDIA 驱动上运行纯 Wayland 客户端。然而，当前还缺少对许多应用程序使用的 Xwayland 兼容层的支持。这就是为什么当你安装 NVIDIA 驱动时，Fedora 仍然默认为 X.Org。
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我们正在 [与 NVIDIA 上游合作][7]，以确保 Xwayland 能在 Fedora 中使用 NVIDIA 硬件加速。
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### QtGNOME 平台和 Adwaita-Qt
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Jan Grulich 继续他在 QtGNOME 平台和 Adawaita-qt 主题上的出色工作，确保 Qt 应用程序与 Fedora 工作站的良好整合。多年来，我们在 Fedora 中使用的 Adwaita 主题已经发生了演变，但随着 QtGNOME 平台和 Adwaita-Qt 在 Fedora 34 中的更新，Qt 应用程序将更接近于 Fedora Workstation 34 中当前的 GTK 风格。
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作为这项工作的一部分，Fedora Media Writer 的外观和风格也得到了改进。
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### Toolbox
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Toolbox 是我们用于创建与主机系统隔离的开发环境的出色工具，它在 Fedora 34 上有了很多改进。例如，我们在改进 Toolbox 的 CI 系统集成方面做了大量的工作，以避免在我们的环境中出现故障时导致 Toolbox 停止工作。
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我们在 Toolbox 的 RHEL 集成方面投入了大量的工作，这意味着你可以很容易地在 Fedora 系统上建立一个容器化的 RHEL 环境，从而方便地为 RHEL 服务器和云实例做开发。现在在 Fedora 上创建一个 RHEL 环境就像运行：`toolbox create -distro rhel -release 8.4` 一样简单。
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这给你提供了一个最新桌面的优势：支持最新硬件，同时能够以一种完全原生的方式进行针对 RHEL 的开发。
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### Btrfs
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自 Fedora 33 以来，Fedora Workstation 一直使用 Btrfs 作为其默认文件系统。Btrfs 是一个现代文件系统，由许多公司和项目开发。Workstation 采用 Btrfs 是通过 Facebook 和 Fedora 社区之间的奇妙合作实现的。根据到目前为止的用户反馈，人们觉得与旧的 ext4 文件系统相比，Btrfs 提供了更快捷、更灵敏的体验。
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在 Fedora 34 中，新安装的 Workstation 系统现在默认使用 Btrfs 透明压缩。与未压缩的 Btrfs 相比，这可以节省 20-40% 的大量磁盘空间。它也增加了 SSD 和其他闪存介质的寿命。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://fedoramagazine.org/whats-new-fedora-34-workstation/
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作者：[Christian Fredrik Schaller][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://fedoramagazine.org/author/uraeus/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/f34-workstation-816x345.jpg
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[2]: https://getfedora.org/workstation
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[3]: https://forty.gnome.org/
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[4]: https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/xDklMWAGBWvRGRp2kby-XKr6b0Jvan8Obmn11sfmkKnsnXizKePYV9aWdEgyxmJetcvwMifYRUm6TcPRCH9szZfZOE9pCpv2bkjQhnq2II05Yu6o_DjEBmqTlRUGvvUyMN_VRtq8zkk2J7GUmA
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[5]: https://help.gnome.org/misc/release-notes/40.0/
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[6]: https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/pQ3IIAvJDYrdfXoTUnrOcCQBjtpXqd_5Rmbo4xwxIj2qMCXt7ZxJEQ12OoV7yUSF8zpVR0VFXkMP0M8UK1nLbU7jhgQPJAHPayzjAscQmTtqqGsohyzth6-xFDjUXogmeFmcP-yR9GWXfXv-yw
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[7]: https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/xorg/xserver/-/merge_requests/587
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[8]: https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/PDXxFS7SBFGI-3jRtR-TmqupvJRxy_CbWTfjB4sc1CKyO1myXkqfpg4jGHQJRK2e1vUh1KD_jyBsy8TURwCIkgAJcETCOlSPFBabqB5yDeWj3cvygOOQVe3X0tLFjuOz3e-ZX6owNZJSqIEHOQ
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[9]: https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/dVRCL14LGE9WpmdiH3nI97OW2C1TkiZqREvBlHClNKdVcYvR1nZpZgWfup_GP5SN17iQtSJf59FxX2GYqoajXbdXLRfOwAREn7gVJ1fa_bspmcTZ81zkUQC4tNUx3f7D7uD7Peeg2Zc9Kldpww
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