diff --git a/published/20180529 How To Add Additional IP (Secondary IP) In Ubuntu System.md b/published/20180529 How To Add Additional IP (Secondary IP) In Ubuntu System.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..37a95c6b0b --- /dev/null +++ b/published/20180529 How To Add Additional IP (Secondary IP) In Ubuntu System.md @@ -0,0 +1,341 @@ +如何在 Ubuntu 系统中添加一个辅助 IP 地址 +====== + +Linux 管理员应该意识到这一点，因为这是一项例行任务。很多人想知道为什么我们需要在服务器中添加多个 IP 地址，以及为什么我们需要将它添加到单块网卡中？我说的对吗？ + +你可能也会有类似的问题：在 Linux 中如何为单块网卡分配多个 IP 地址？在本文中，你可以得到答案。 + +当我们对一个新服务器进行设置时，理想情况下它将有一个 IP 地址，即服务器主 IP 地址，它与服务器主机名对应。 + +我们不应在服务器主 IP 地址上托管任何应用程序，这是不可取的。如果要在服务器上托管任何应用程序，我们应该为此添加辅助 IP。 + +这是业界的最佳实践，它允许用户安装 SSL 证书。大多数系统都配有单块网卡，这足以添加额外的 IP 地址。 + +**建议阅读：** + +- [在 Linux 命令行中 9 种方法检查公共 IP 地址][1] +- [在 Linux 终端中 3 种简单的方式来检查 DNS（域名服务器）记录][2] +- [在 Linux 上使用 Dig 命令检查 DNS（域名服务器）记录][3] +- [在 Linux 上使用 Nslookup 命令检查 DNS（域名服务器）记录][4] +- [在 Linux 上使用 Host 命令检查 DNS（域名服务器）记录][5] + +我们可以在同一个接口上添加 IP 地址，或者在同一设备上创建子接口，然后在其中添加 IP。默认情况下，一直到 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS，接口给名称为 `ethX (eth0)`，但是从 Ubuntu 15.10 之后网络接口名称已从 `ethX` 更改为 `enXXXXX`（对于服务器是 ens33，桌面版是 enp0s3）。 + +在本文中，我们将教你如何在 Ubuntu 上执行此操作，并且衍生到其它发行版（to 校正：这句自己加的）。 + +**注意：**别在 DNS 详细信息后添加 IP 地址。如果是这样，DNS 将无法正常工作。 + +### 如何在 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS 中添加临时辅助 IP 地址 + +在系统中添加 IP 地址之前，运行以下任一命令即可验证服务器主 IP 地址： + +``` +# ifconfig +或 +# ip addr + +# ip addr + +eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:27:98:b7:36 + inet addr:192.168.56.150 Bcast:192.168.56.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 + inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:fe98:b736/64 Scope:Link + UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 + RX packets:4 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 + TX packets:105 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 + collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 + RX bytes:902 (902.0 B) TX bytes:16423 (16.4 KB) + +eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:27:6a:cf:d3 + inet addr:10.0.3.15 Bcast:10.0.3.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 + inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:fe6a:cfd3/64 Scope:Link + UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 + RX packets:80 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 + TX packets:146 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 + collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 + RX bytes:8698 (8.6 KB) TX bytes:17047 (17.0 KB) + +lo Link encap:Local Loopback + inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 + inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host + UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1 + RX packets:25 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 + TX packets:25 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 + collisions:0 txqueuelen:1 + RX bytes:1730 (1.7 KB) TX bytes:1730 (1.7 KB) +``` + +如我所见，服务器主 IP 地址是 `192.168.56.150`，我将下一个 IP `192.168.56.151` 作为辅助 IP，使用以下方法完成： + +``` +# ip addr add 192.168.56.151/24 broadcast 192.168.56.255 dev eth0 label eth0:1 +``` + +输入以下命令以检查新添加的 IP 地址。如果你重新启动服务器，那么新添加的 IP 地址会消失，因为我们的 IP 是临时添加的。 + +``` +# ip addr +1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1 + link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 + inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo + valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever + inet6 ::1/128 scope host + valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever +2: eth0: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 + link/ether 08:00:27:98:b7:36 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff + inet 192.168.56.150/24 brd 192.168.56.255 scope global eth0 + valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever + inet 192.168.56.151/24 brd 192.168.56.255 scope global secondary eth0:1 + valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever + inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe98:b736/64 scope link + valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever +3: eth1: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 + link/ether 08:00:27:6a:cf:d3 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff + inet 10.0.3.15/24 brd 10.0.3.255 scope global eth1 + valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever + inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe6a:cfd3/64 scope link + valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever +``` + +### 如何在 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS 中添加永久辅助 IP 地址 + +要在 Ubuntu 系统上添加永久辅助 IP 地址，只需编辑 `/etc/network/interfaces` 文件并添加所需的 IP 详细信息。 + +``` +# vi /etc/network/interfaces +``` + +``` +# vi /etc/network/interfaces + +# The loopback network interface +auto lo +iface lo inet loopback + +# The primary network interface +auto eth0 +iface eth0 inet static + address 192.168.56.150 + netmask 255.255.255.0 + network 192.168.56.0 + broadcast 192.168.56.255 + gateway 192.168.56.1 + +auto eth0:1 +iface eth0:1 inet static + address 192.168.56.151 + netmask 255.255.255.0 +``` + +保存并关闭文件，然后重启网络接口服务。 + +``` +# service networking restart +或 +# ifdown eth0:1 && ifup eth0:1 +``` + +验证新添加的 IP 地址： + +``` +# ifconfig +eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:27:98:b7:36 + inet addr:192.168.56.150 Bcast:192.168.56.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 + inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:fe98:b736/64 Scope:Link + UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 + RX packets:5 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 + TX packets:84 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 + collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 + RX bytes:962 (962.0 B) TX bytes:11905 (11.9 KB) + +eth0:1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:27:98:b7:36 + inet addr:192.168.56.151 Bcast:192.168.56.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 + UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 + +eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:27:6a:cf:d3 + inet addr:10.0.3.15 Bcast:10.0.3.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 + inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:fe6a:cfd3/64 Scope:Link + UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 + RX packets:4924 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 + TX packets:3185 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 + collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 + RX bytes:4037636 (4.0 MB) TX bytes:422516 (422.5 KB) + +lo Link encap:Local Loopback + inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 + inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host + UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1 + RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 + TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 + collisions:0 txqueuelen:1 + RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) +``` + +### 如何在 Ubuntu 16.04 LTS 中临时添加辅助 IP 地址 + +正如本文开头所述，网络接口名称从 Ubuntu 15.10 就开始从 ‘ethX’ 更改为 ‘enXXXX’ (enp0s3)，所以，替换你的接口名称。 + +在执行此操作之前，先检查系统上的 IP 信息： + +``` +# ifconfig +或 +# ip addr + +enp0s3: flags=4163 mtu 1500 + inet 192.168.56.201 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.56.255 + inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe97:132e prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20 + ether 08:00:27:97:13:2e txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) + RX packets 7 bytes 420 (420.0 B) + RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 + TX packets 294 bytes 24747 (24.7 KB) + TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 + +enp0s8: flags=4163 mtu 1500 + inet 10.0.3.15 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.0.3.255 + inet6 fe80::344b:6259:4dbe:eabb prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20 + ether 08:00:27:12:e8:c1 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) + RX packets 1 bytes 590 (590.0 B) + RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 + TX packets 97 bytes 10209 (10.2 KB) + TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 + +lo: flags=73 mtu 65536 + inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0 + inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10 + loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback) + RX packets 325 bytes 24046 (24.0 KB) + RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 + TX packets 325 bytes 24046 (24.0 KB) + TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 +``` + +如我所见，服务器主 IP 地址是 `192.168.56.201`，所以，我将下一个 IP `192.168.56.202` 作为辅助 IP，使用以下命令完成。 + +``` +# ip addr add 192.168.56.202/24 broadcast 192.168.56.255 dev enp0s3 +``` + +运行以下命令来检查是否已分配了新的 IP。当你重启机器时，它会消失。 + +``` +# ip addr +1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 + link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 + inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo + valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever + inet6 ::1/128 scope host + valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever +2: enp0s3: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 + link/ether 08:00:27:97:13:2e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff + inet 192.168.56.201/24 brd 192.168.56.255 scope global enp0s3 + valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever + inet 192.168.56.202/24 brd 192.168.56.255 scope global secondary enp0s3 + valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever + inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe97:132e/64 scope link + valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever +3: enp0s8: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 + link/ether 08:00:27:12:e8:c1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff + inet 10.0.3.15/24 brd 10.0.3.255 scope global dynamic enp0s8 + valid_lft 86353sec preferred_lft 86353sec + inet6 fe80::344b:6259:4dbe:eabb/64 scope link + valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever +``` + +### 如何在 Ubuntu 16.04 LTS 中添加永久辅助 IP 地址 + +要在 Ubuntu 系统上添加永久辅助 IP 地址，只需编辑 `/etc/network/interfaces` 文件并添加所需 IP 的详细信息。 + +我们不应该在 `dns-nameservers` 行之后添加辅助 IP 地址，因为它不会起作用，应该以下面的格式添加 IP 详情。 + +此外，我们不需要添加子接口（我们之前在 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS 中的做法）： + +``` +# vi /etc/network/interfaces + +# interfaces(5) file used by ifup(8) and ifdown(8) +auto lo +iface lo inet loopback + +# The primary network interface +auto enp0s3 +iface enp0s3 inet static +address 192.168.56.201 +netmask 255.255.255.0 + +iface enp0s3 inet static +address 192.168.56.202 +netmask 255.255.255.0 + +gateway 192.168.56.1 +network 192.168.56.0 +broadcast 192.168.56.255 +dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4 +dns-search 2daygeek.local +``` + +保存并关闭文件，然后重启网络接口服务： + +``` +# systemctl restart networking +或 +# ifdown enp0s3 && ifup enp0s3 +``` + +运行以下命令来检查是否已经分配了新的 IP： + +``` +# ip addr +1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 + link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 + inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo + valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever + inet6 ::1/128 scope host + valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever +2: enp0s3: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 + link/ether 08:00:27:97:13:2e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff + inet 192.168.56.201/24 brd 192.168.56.255 scope global enp0s3 + valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever + inet 192.168.56.202/24 brd 192.168.56.255 scope global secondary enp0s3 + valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever + inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe97:132e/64 scope link + valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever +3: enp0s8: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 + link/ether 08:00:27:12:e8:c1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff + inet 10.0.3.15/24 brd 10.0.3.255 scope global dynamic enp0s8 + valid_lft 86353sec preferred_lft 86353sec + inet6 fe80::344b:6259:4dbe:eabb/64 scope link + valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever +``` + +让我来 ping 一下新 IP 地址： + +``` +# ping 192.168.56.202 -c 4 +PING 192.168.56.202 (192.168.56.202) 56(84) bytes of data. +64 bytes from 192.168.56.202: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.019 ms +64 bytes from 192.168.56.202: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.087 ms +64 bytes from 192.168.56.202: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.034 ms +64 bytes from 192.168.56.202: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.042 ms + +--- 192.168.56.202 ping statistics --- +4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3068ms +rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.019/0.045/0.087/0.026 ms +``` + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-add-additional-ip-secondary-ip-in-ubuntu-debian-system/ + +作者：[Prakash Subramanian][a] +选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972) +译者：[MjSeven](https://github.com/MjSeven) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]:https://www.2daygeek.com/author/prakash/ +[1]:https://www.2daygeek.com/check-find-server-public-ip-address-linux/ +[2]:https://www.2daygeek.com/check-find-dns-records-of-domain-in-linux-terminal/ +[3]:https://www.2daygeek.com/dig-command-check-find-dns-records-lookup-linux/ +[4]:https://www.2daygeek.com/nslookup-command-check-find-dns-records-lookup-linux/ +[5]:https://www.2daygeek.com/host-command-check-find-dns-records-lookup-linux/ diff --git a/translated/tech/20180529 How To Add Additional IP (Secondary IP) In Ubuntu System.md b/translated/tech/20180529 How To Add Additional IP (Secondary IP) In Ubuntu System.md deleted file mode 100644 index 53d9a090ba..0000000000 --- a/translated/tech/20180529 How To Add Additional IP (Secondary IP) In Ubuntu System.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,336 +0,0 @@ -如何在 Ubuntu 系统中添加一个辅助 IP 地址 -====== - -Linux 管理员应该意识到这一点，因为这是一项例行任务。很多人想知道为什么我们需要在服务器中添加多个 IP 地址，以及为什么我们需要将它添加到单块网卡中？我说的对吗？ - -你可能也会有类似的问题：在 Linux 中如何为单块网卡分配多个 IP 地址？在本文中，你可以得到答案。 - -当我们对一个新服务器进行设置时，理想情况下它将有一个 IP 地址，即服务器主 IP 地址，它与服务器主机名对应。 - -我们不应在服务器主 IP 地址上托管任何应用程序，这是不可取的。如果要在服务器上托管任何应用程序，我们应该为此添加辅助 IP。 - -这是业界的最佳实践，它允许用户安装 SSL 证书。大多数系统都配有单块网卡，这足以添加额外的 IP 地址。 - -**建议阅读：** -**(#)** [在 Linux 命令行中 9 种方法检查公共 IP 地址][1] -**(#)** [在 Linux 终端中 3 种简单的方式来检查 DNS（域名服务器）记录][2] -**(#)** [在 Linux 上使用 Dig 命令检查 DNS（域名服务器）记录][3] -**(#)** [在 Linux 上使用 Nslookup 命令检查 DNS（域名服务器）记录][4] -**(#)** [在 Linux 上使用 Host 命令检查 DNS（域名服务器）记录][5] - -我们可以在同一个接口上添加 IP 地址，或者在同一设备上创建子接口，然后在其中添加 IP。默认情况下，一直到 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS，接口给名称为 `ethX (eth0)`，但是从 Ubuntu 15.10 之后网络接口名称已从 `ethX` 更改为 `enXXXXX`（对于服务器是 ens33，桌面版是 enp0s3）。 - -在本文中，我们将教你如何在 Ubuntu 上执行此操作，并且衍生到其它发行版（to 校正：这句自己加的）。 - -**`注意：`**别在 DNS 详细信息后添加 IP 地址。如果是这样，DNS 将无法正常工作。 - -### 如何在 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS 中添加临时辅助 IP 地址 - -在系统中添加 IP 地址之前，运行以下任一命令即可验证服务器主 IP 地址： -``` -# ifconfig - -or - -# ip addr - -eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:27:98:b7:36 - inet addr:192.168.56.150 Bcast:192.168.56.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 - inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:fe98:b736/64 Scope:Link - UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 - RX packets:4 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 - TX packets:105 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 - collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 - RX bytes:902 (902.0 B) TX bytes:16423 (16.4 KB) - -eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:27:6a:cf:d3 - inet addr:10.0.3.15 Bcast:10.0.3.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 - inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:fe6a:cfd3/64 Scope:Link - UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 - RX packets:80 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 - TX packets:146 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 - collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 - RX bytes:8698 (8.6 KB) TX bytes:17047 (17.0 KB) - -lo Link encap:Local Loopback - inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 - inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host - UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1 - RX packets:25 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 - TX packets:25 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 - collisions:0 txqueuelen:1 - RX bytes:1730 (1.7 KB) TX bytes:1730 (1.7 KB) - -``` - -如我所见，服务器主 IP 地址是 `192.168.56.150`，我将下一个 IP `192.168.56.151` 作为辅助 IP，使用以下方法完成： -``` -# ip addr add 192.168.56.151/24 broadcast 192.168.56.255 dev eth0 label eth0:1 - -``` - -输入以下命令以检查新添加的 IP 地址。如果你重新启动服务器，那么新添加的 IP 地址会消失，因为我们的 IP 是临时添加的。 -``` -# ip addr -1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1 - link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 - inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo - valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever - inet6 ::1/128 scope host - valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever -2: eth0: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 - link/ether 08:00:27:98:b7:36 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff - inet 192.168.56.150/24 brd 192.168.56.255 scope global eth0 - valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever - inet 192.168.56.151/24 brd 192.168.56.255 scope global secondary eth0:1 - valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever - inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe98:b736/64 scope link - valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever -3: eth1: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 - link/ether 08:00:27:6a:cf:d3 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff - inet 10.0.3.15/24 brd 10.0.3.255 scope global eth1 - valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever - inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe6a:cfd3/64 scope link - valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever - -``` - -### 如何在 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS 中添加永久辅助 IP 地址 - -要在 Ubuntu 系统上添加永久辅助 IP 地址，只需编辑 `/etc/network/interfaces` 文件并添加所需的 IP 详细信息。 -``` -# vi /etc/network/interfaces - -# The loopback network interface -auto lo -iface lo inet loopback - -# The primary network interface -auto eth0 -iface eth0 inet static - address 192.168.56.150 - netmask 255.255.255.0 - network 192.168.56.0 - broadcast 192.168.56.255 - gateway 192.168.56.1 - -auto eth0:1 -iface eth0:1 inet static - address 192.168.56.151 - netmask 255.255.255.0 - -``` - -保存并关闭文件，然后重启网络接口服务。 -``` -# service networking restart -or -# ifdown eth0:1 && ifup eth0:1 - -``` - -验证新添加的 IP 地址： -``` -# ifconfig -eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:27:98:b7:36 - inet addr:192.168.56.150 Bcast:192.168.56.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 - inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:fe98:b736/64 Scope:Link - UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 - RX packets:5 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 - TX packets:84 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 - collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 - RX bytes:962 (962.0 B) TX bytes:11905 (11.9 KB) - -eth0:1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:27:98:b7:36 - inet addr:192.168.56.151 Bcast:192.168.56.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 - UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 - -eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:27:6a:cf:d3 - inet addr:10.0.3.15 Bcast:10.0.3.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 - inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:fe6a:cfd3/64 Scope:Link - UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 - RX packets:4924 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 - TX packets:3185 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 - collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 - RX bytes:4037636 (4.0 MB) TX bytes:422516 (422.5 KB) - -lo Link encap:Local Loopback - inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 - inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host - UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1 - RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 - TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 - collisions:0 txqueuelen:1 - RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) - -``` - -### 如何在 Ubuntu 16.04 LTS 中临时添加辅助 IP 地址 - -正如本文开头所述，网络接口名称从 Ubuntu 15.10 就开始从 ‘ethX’ 更改为 ‘enXXXX’ (enp0s3)，所以，替换你的接口名称。 - -在执行此操作之前，先检查系统上的 IP 信息： -``` -# ifconfig -or -# ip addr - -enp0s3: flags=4163 mtu 1500 - inet 192.168.56.201 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.56.255 - inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe97:132e prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20 - ether 08:00:27:97:13:2e txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) - RX packets 7 bytes 420 (420.0 B) - RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 - TX packets 294 bytes 24747 (24.7 KB) - TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 - -enp0s8: flags=4163 mtu 1500 - inet 10.0.3.15 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.0.3.255 - inet6 fe80::344b:6259:4dbe:eabb prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20 - ether 08:00:27:12:e8:c1 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) - RX packets 1 bytes 590 (590.0 B) - RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 - TX packets 97 bytes 10209 (10.2 KB) - TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 - -lo: flags=73 mtu 65536 - inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0 - inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10 - loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback) - RX packets 325 bytes 24046 (24.0 KB) - RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 - TX packets 325 bytes 24046 (24.0 KB) - TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 - -``` - -如我所见，服务器主 IP 地址是 `192.168.56.201`，所以，我将下一个 IP `192.168.56.202` 作为辅助 IP，使用以下命令完成。 -``` -# ip addr add 192.168.56.202/24 broadcast 192.168.56.255 dev enp0s3 - -``` - -运行以下命令来检查是否已分配了新的 IP。当你重启机器时，它会消失。 -``` -# ip addr -1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 - link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 - inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo - valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever - inet6 ::1/128 scope host - valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever -2: enp0s3: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 - link/ether 08:00:27:97:13:2e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff - inet 192.168.56.201/24 brd 192.168.56.255 scope global enp0s3 - valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever - inet 192.168.56.202/24 brd 192.168.56.255 scope global secondary enp0s3 - valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever - inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe97:132e/64 scope link - valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever -3: enp0s8: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 - link/ether 08:00:27:12:e8:c1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff - inet 10.0.3.15/24 brd 10.0.3.255 scope global dynamic enp0s8 - valid_lft 86353sec preferred_lft 86353sec - inet6 fe80::344b:6259:4dbe:eabb/64 scope link - valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever - -``` - -### 如何在 Ubuntu 16.04 LTS 中添加永久辅助 IP 地址 - -要在 Ubuntu 系统上添加永久辅助 IP 地址，只需编辑 `/etc/network/interfaces` 文件并添加所需 IP 的详细信息。 - -我们不应该在 dns-nameservers 之后添加辅助 IP 地址，因为它不会起作用，应该以下面的格式添加 IP 详情。 - -此外，我们不需要添加子接口（我们之前在 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS 中的做法）： -``` -# vi /etc/network/interfaces - -# interfaces(5) file used by ifup(8) and ifdown(8) -auto lo -iface lo inet loopback - -# The primary network interface -auto enp0s3 -iface enp0s3 inet static -address 192.168.56.201 -netmask 255.255.255.0 - -iface enp0s3 inet static -address 192.168.56.202 -netmask 255.255.255.0 - -gateway 192.168.56.1 -network 192.168.56.0 -broadcast 192.168.56.255 -dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4 -dns-search 2daygeek.local - -``` - -保存并关闭文件，然后重启网络接口服务： -``` -# systemctl restart networking -or -# ifdown enp0s3 && ifup enp0s3 - -``` - -运行以下命令来检查是否已经分配了新的 IP： -``` -# ip addr -1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 - link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 - inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo - valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever - inet6 ::1/128 scope host - valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever -2: enp0s3: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 - link/ether 08:00:27:97:13:2e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff - inet 192.168.56.201/24 brd 192.168.56.255 scope global enp0s3 - valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever - inet 192.168.56.202/24 brd 192.168.56.255 scope global secondary enp0s3 - valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever - inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe97:132e/64 scope link - valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever -3: enp0s8: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 - link/ether 08:00:27:12:e8:c1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff - inet 10.0.3.15/24 brd 10.0.3.255 scope global dynamic enp0s8 - valid_lft 86353sec preferred_lft 86353sec - inet6 fe80::344b:6259:4dbe:eabb/64 scope link - valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever - -``` - -让我来 ping 一下新 IP 地址： -``` -# ping 192.168.56.202 -c 4 -PING 192.168.56.202 (192.168.56.202) 56(84) bytes of data. -64 bytes from 192.168.56.202: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.019 ms -64 bytes from 192.168.56.202: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.087 ms -64 bytes from 192.168.56.202: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.034 ms -64 bytes from 192.168.56.202: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.042 ms - ---- 192.168.56.202 ping statistics --- -4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3068ms -rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.019/0.045/0.087/0.026 ms - -``` - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-add-additional-ip-secondary-ip-in-ubuntu-debian-system/ - -作者：[Prakash Subramanian][a] -选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972) -译者：[MjSeven](https://github.com/MjSeven) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]:https://www.2daygeek.com/author/prakash/ -[1]:https://www.2daygeek.com/check-find-server-public-ip-address-linux/ -[2]:https://www.2daygeek.com/check-find-dns-records-of-domain-in-linux-terminal/ -[3]:https://www.2daygeek.com/dig-command-check-find-dns-records-lookup-linux/ -[4]:https://www.2daygeek.com/nslookup-command-check-find-dns-records-lookup-linux/ -[5]:https://www.2daygeek.com/host-command-check-find-dns-records-lookup-linux/