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[Translated]20151109 How to Install GitLab on Ubuntu or Fedora or Debian.md
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How to Install GitLab on Ubuntu / Fedora / Debian
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================================================================================
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Distributed version control was never easy before git. Git is a free and open source software that is designed to handle everything from small to very large projects with ease and speed. Git was first developed by Linus Torvalds who was also the founder of well-known Linux Kernel. [GitLab][1] is an awesome development in the field of git and distributed version control system. It is a web based Git repository managing application which includes features like code reviews,wikis, issue tracking and much more. Creating, reviewing and deploying codes is very easy, managed and fast with GitLab. It can be hosted in our own server though it also provides free repository hosting in its official server which is similar to Github. GitLab has two different editions, Community Edition and Enterprise Edition. Community Edition is a complete free and open source software licensed under MIT License whereas Enterprise Edition is under a proprietary license, and contains features that are not present in the CE version. Here are some easy steps on how we can install GitLab Community Edition on our machine running Ubuntu, Fedora and Debian as operating system.
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### 1. Installing Pre-requisties ###
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First of all, we'll install the required dependencies by GitLab Community Edition. We'll install curl in order to download our required files, openssh-server in order to ssh into our machine, ca-certificates to add CA Certifications and postfix as an MTA (Mail Transfer Agent).
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Note: To install GitLab CE, we need to have a linux machine with at least 2 GB RAM and 2 Cores CPU.
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#### On Ubuntu 14 .04/Debian 8.x ####
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As these packages are available on the official repository of box Ubuntu 14.04 and Debian 8.x, we'll simply install it using apt-get package manager. To do so, we'll need to execute the following command in a terminal or console.
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# apt-get install curl openssh-server ca-certificates postfix
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#### On Fedora 22 ####
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In Fedora 22, the default package manager is dnf as yum has been depreciated. So, we'll simply run the following dnf command in order to install those required packages.
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# dnf install curl openssh-server postfix
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### 2. Starting and Enabling Services ###
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Now, we'll start the services of sshd and postfix using our default init system. And we'll also enable them to start automatically in every system boot.
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#### On Ubuntu 14.04 ####
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As SysVinit is installed as init system in Ubuntu 14.04, we'll use services command to start sshd and postfix daemon.
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# service sshd start
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# service postfix start
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Now, in order to make them start automatically in every boot, we'll need to run the following update-rc.d command.
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# update-rc.d sshd enable
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# update-rc.d postfix enable
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#### On Fedora 22/Debian 8.x ####
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As Fedora 22 and Debian 8.x is shipped with Systemd instead of SysVinit as default init system, we'll simply run the following command to start the sshd and postfix services.
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# systemctl start sshd postfix
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Now, in order to make them start automatically in every boot, we'll need to run the following systemctl command.
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# systemctl enable sshd postfix
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Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/sshd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service.
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Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/postfix.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/postfix.service.
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### 3. Downloading GitLab ###
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We'll now download the binary installation files from the official GitLab CE Repository using curl. First, we'll need to navigate to the repository in order to get the download link of the required file. To do so, we'll need to run the following command in our linux machine running the respective operating system.
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#### On Ubuntu 14.04 ####
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As Ubuntu and Debian uses the same debian format file, we'll gonna search the required version of GitLab under [https://packages.gitlab.com/gitlab/gitlab-ce?filter=debs][2] and click on the link of the required release with ubuntu/trusty tag as we are running Ubuntu 14.04. A new page will appear in which we can see the Download button, we'll gonna right click it, get the link of the file and then download it using curl as shown bellow.
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# curl https://packages.gitlab.com/gitlab/gitlab-ce/packages/ubuntu/trusty/gitlab-ce_8.1.2-ce.0_amd64.deb
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#### On Debian 8.x ####
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Like Ubuntu, we'll gonna search the required version of it under [https://packages.gitlab.com/gitlab/gitlab-ce?filter=debs][3] and click on the link of the requried release with debian/jessie tag as we are running Debian 8.x. Then, a new page will appear in which we'll right click on the Download button and get the file's download link. We'll next download it using curl as shown below.
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# curl https://packages.gitlab.com/gitlab/gitlab-ce/packages/debian/jessie/gitlab-ce_8.1.2-ce.0_amd64.deb/download
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#### On Fedora 22 ####
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As Fedora uses the rpm file for packages, we'll gonna search the required version of GitLab under [https://packages.gitlab.com/gitlab/gitlab-ce?filter=rpms][4] and click on the link of the required release, here as we are running Fedora 22, we'll select the release with el/7 tag. A new page will appear in which we can see the Download button, we'll gonna right click it, get the link of the file and then download it using curl as shown bellow.
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# curl https://packages.gitlab.com/gitlab/gitlab-ce/packages/el/7/gitlab-ce-8.1.2-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm/download
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### 4. Installing GitLab ###
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After our repository source is added in our linux machine, we'll now go for the installation of GitLab Community Edition using the default package manger of the respective distribution of linux.
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#### On Ubuntu 14.04/Debian 8.x ####
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To install GitLab CE in machine running Ubuntu 14.04 or Debian 8.x linux distribution which has apt-get package manager, we'll simply run the following command.
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# dpkg -i gitlab-ce_8.1.2-ce.0_amd64.deb
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#### On Fedora 22 ####
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We can execute the following dnf command to install it in our Fedora 22 box.
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# dnf install gitlab-ce-8.1.2-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm
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### 5. Configuring and Starting GitLab ###
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Next, as GitLab CE has been successfully installed in our linux system. We'll now go ahead for configuring and starting it. To do so, we'll need to run the following command which is same in Ubuntu, Debian and Fedora distributions.
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# gitlab-ctl reconfigure
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### 6. Allowing Firewall ###
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If we have firewall program enabled for security in our linux box, we'll need to allow port 80 which is the default port of GitLab CE in order to make the web interface accessible across the network. Firewalld and iptables are most widely used firewall programs in linux distributions. In order to do so, we'll need to run the following commands.
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On Iptables
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Iptables are installed and used in Ubuntu 14.04 by default. So, we'll need to run the following iptables commands to open port 80 in it.
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# iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
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# /etc/init.d/iptables save
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#### On Firewalld ####
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As Fedora 22 and Debian 8.x has systemd installed by default, it contains firewalld running as firewall program. In order to open the port 80 (http service) on firewalld, we'll need to execute the below commands.
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# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http
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success
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# firewall-cmd --reload
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success
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### 7. Accessing GitLab Web Interface ###
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Finally, we'll now go for accessing the web interface of GitLab CE. To do so, we'll need to point our web browser to the GitLab server with http://ip-address/ or http://domain.com/ according to our configuration. After we have pointed successfully, we'll see the following screen.
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Now, in order to login to the panel, we'll need to click on Login button which will ask us an username and a password. We'll now enter the default username and password ie **root** and **5iveL!fe** respectively. After logging into the dashboard, we'll be asked to compulsorily enter the new password for our GitLab root user.
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### 8. Creating Repository ###
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After we have successfully changed the password and logged in to our dashboard, we'll now create a new repository for our new project. To do so, we'll need to go under Projects and click on **NEW PROJECT** green button.
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Then, we'll be asked to enter the required information and settings for our repository as shown below. We can even import our project from many git repository providers and repositories.
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After thats done, we'll be able to access our Git repository using any Git client including the basic git command line. We can see every activities done in the repository with other functions like creating a milestone, managing issues, merge requests, managing members, labels and Wiki for our projects.
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### Conclusion ###
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GitLab is an awesome open source web application for managing our git repository. It has a beautiful, responsive interface with plenty of cool features. It is packed with many cool features like managing groups, deploying keys, Continuous Integration, viewing logs, broadcast messages, hooks, system OAuth applications, templates and more. It has the ability to integrate tons of tools such as Slack, Hipchat, LDAP, JIRA, Jenkins, many types of hooks and a complete API. It has the minimum requirement of 2 GB RAM and 2 Cores CPU to run smoothly up to 500 users but also can be scaled to multiple active servers. If you have any questions, suggestions, feedback please write them in the comment box below so that we can improve or update our contents. Thank you !
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://linoxide.com/linux-how-to/install-gitlab-on-ubuntu-fedora-debian/
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作者：[Arun Pyasi][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://linoxide.com/author/arunp/
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[1]:https://about.gitlab.com/
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[2]:https://packages.gitlab.com/gitlab/gitlab-ce?filter=debs
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[3]:https://packages.gitlab.com/gitlab/gitlab-ce?filter=debs
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[4]:https://packages.gitlab.com/gitlab/gitlab-ce?filter=rpms
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@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
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如何在 Ubuntu / Fedora / Debian 中安装 GitLab
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================================================================================
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在 Git 问世之前，分布式版本控制从来都不是一件简单的事。Git 是一个免费、开源的软件，旨在轻松且快速地对从小规模到非常巨大的项目进行管理。Git 最开始由 Linus Torvalds 开发，他同时也是著名的 Linux 内核的创建者。在 git 和分布式版本控制系统领域中，[GitLab][1] 是一个极棒的新产品。它是一个基于 web 的 Git 仓库管理应用，包含代码审查、wiki、问题跟踪等诸多功能。使用 GitLab 可以很方便、快速地创建、审查、部署及托管代码。与 Github 类似，尽管它也提供在其官方的服务器托管免费的代码仓库，但它也可以运行在我们自己的服务器上。GitLab 有两个不同的版本：社区版(Community Edition)和企业版(Enterprise Edition)。社区本完全免费且开源，遵循 MIT 协议；而企业版则遵循一个专有的协议，包含一些社区版中没有的功能。下面介绍的是有关如何在我们自己的运行着 Ubuntu、Fedora 或 Debian 操作系统的机子上安装 GitLab 社区版的简单步骤。
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### 1. 安装先决条件 ###
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首先，我们需要安装 GitLab 所依赖的软件包。我们将安装 `curl`，用以下载我们所需的文件；安装`openssh-server` ，以此来通过 ssh 协议登陆到我们的机子上；安装`ca-certificates`，用它来添加 CA 认证；以及 `postfix`，把它作为一个 MTA(Mail Transfer Agent，邮件传输代理)。
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注： 若要安装 GitLab 社区版，我们需要一个至少包含 2 GB 内存和 2 核 CPU 的 linux 机子。
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#### 在 Ubuntu 14 .04/Debian 8.x 中 ####
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鉴于这些依赖包都可以在 Ubuntu 14.04 和 Debian 8.x 的官方软件仓库中获取到，我们只需通过使用 `apt-get` 包管理器来安装它们。为此，我们需要在一个终端或控制台中执行下面的命令：
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# apt-get install curl openssh-server ca-certificates postfix
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#### 在 Fedora 22 中 ####
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在 Fedora 22 中，由于 `yum` 已经被弃用了，所以默认的包管理器是 `dnf`。为了安装上面那些需要的软件包，我们只需运行下面的 dnf 命令：
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# dnf install curl openssh-server postfix
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### 2. 打开并开启服务 ###
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现在，我们将使用我们默认的 init 系统来打开 sshd 和 postfix 服务。并且我们将使得它们在每次系统启动时被自动开启。
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#### 在 Ubuntu 14.04 中 ####
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由于 SysVinit 在 Ubuntu 14.04 中作为 init 系统被安装，我们将使用 service 命令来开启 sshd 和 postfix 守护进程：
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# service sshd start
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# service postfix start
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现在，为了使得它们在每次开机启动时被自动开启，我们需要运行下面的 update-rc.d 命令：
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# update-rc.d sshd enable
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# update-rc.d postfix enable
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#### 在 Fedora 22/Debian 8.x 中 ####
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鉴于 Fedora 22 和 Debi 8.x 已经用 Systemd 代替了 SysVinit 来作为默认的 init 系统，我们只需运行下面的命令来开启 sshd 和 postfix 服务：
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# systemctl start sshd postfix
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现在，为了使得它们在每次开机启动时被自动地开启，我们需要运行下面的 systemctl 命令：
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# systemctl enable sshd postfix
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从 /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/sshd.service 建立软链接到 /usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service.
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从 /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/postfix.service 建立软链接到 /usr/lib/systemd/system/postfix.service.
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### 3. 下载 GitLab ###
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现在，我们将使用 curl 从官方的 GitLab 社区版仓库下载二进制安装文件。首先，为了得到所需文件的下载链接，我们需要浏览到该软件仓库的页面。为此，我们需要在运行着相应操作系统的 linux 机子上运行下面的命令。
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#### 在 Ubuntu 14.04 中 ####
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由于 Ubuntu 和 Debian 使用相同格式的 debian 文件，我们需要在 [https://packages.gitlab.com/gitlab/gitlab-ce?filter=debs][2] 下搜索所需版本的 GitLab，然后点击有着 ubuntu/trusty 标签的链接，这是因为我们运作着 Ubuntu 14.04。接着一个新的页面将会出现，我们将看到一个下载按钮，然后我们在它的上面右击，得到文件的链接，然后像下面这样使用 curl 来下载它。
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# curl https://packages.gitlab.com/gitlab/gitlab-ce/packages/ubuntu/trusty/gitlab-ce_8.1.2-ce.0_amd64.deb
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#### 在 Debian 8.x 中 ####
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与 Ubuntu 类似，我们需要在 [https://packages.gitlab.com/gitlab/gitlab-ce?filter=debs][3] 页面中搜索所需版本的 GitLab，然后点击带有 debian/jessie 标签的链接，这是因为我们运行的是 Debian 8.x。接着，一个新的页面将会出现，然后我们在下载按钮上右击，得到文件的下载链接。最后我们像下面这样使用 curl 来下载该文件。
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# curl https://packages.gitlab.com/gitlab/gitlab-ce/packages/debian/jessie/gitlab-ce_8.1.2-ce.0_amd64.deb/download
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#### 在 Fedora 22 中####
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由于 Fedora 使用 rpm 文件来作为软件包，我们将在 [https://packages.gitlab.com/gitlab/gitlab-ce?filter=rpms][4] 页面下搜索所需版本的 GitLab，然后点击所需发行包的链接，这里由于我们运行的是 Fedora 22，所以我们将选择带有 el/7 标签的发行包。一个新的页面将会出现，在其中我们可以看到一个下载按钮，我们将右击它，得到所需文件的链接，然后像下面这样使用 curl 来下载它。
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# curl https://packages.gitlab.com/gitlab/gitlab-ce/packages/el/7/gitlab-ce-8.1.2-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm/download
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### 4. 安装 GitLab ###
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在相应的软件源被添加到我们的 linux 机子上之后，现在我们将使用相应 linux 发行版本中的默认包管理器来安装 GitLab 社区版。
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#### 在 Ubuntu 14.04/Debian 8.x 中 ####
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要在运行着 Ubuntu 14.04 或 Debian 8.x linux 发行版本的机子上安装 GitLab 社区版，我们只需运行如下的命令：
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# dpkg -i gitlab-ce_8.1.2-ce.0_amd64.deb
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#### 在 Fedora 22 中 ####
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我们只需执行下面的 dnf 命令来在我们的 Fedora 22 机子上安装 GitLab。
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# dnf install gitlab-ce-8.1.2-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm
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### 5. 配置和开启 GitLab ###
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由于 GitLab 社区版已经成功地安装在我们的 linux 系统中了，接下来我们将要配置和开启它了。为此，我们需要运行下面的命令，这在 Ubuntu、Debian 和 Fedora 发行版本上都一样：
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# gitlab-ctl reconfigure
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### 6. 允许通过防火墙 ###
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假如在我们的 linux 机子中已经启用了防火墙程序，为了使得 GitLab 社区版的 web 界面可以通过网络进行访问，我们需要允许 80 端口通过防火墙，这个端口是 GitLab 社区版的默认端口。为此，我们需要运行下面的命令。
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#### 在 Iptables 中 ####
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Ubuntu 14.04 默认安装和使用 Iptables。所以，我们将运行下面的 iptables 命令来打开 80 端口：
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# iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
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# /etc/init.d/iptables save
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#### 在 Firewalld 中 ####
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由于 Fedora 22 和 Debian 8.x 默认安装了 systemd，它包含了作为防火墙程序的 firewalld。为了使得 80 端口(http 服务) 能够通过 firewalld，我们需要执行下面的命令。
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# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http
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success
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# firewall-cmd --reload
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success
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### 7. 访问 GitLab Web 界面 ###
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最后，我们将访问 GitLab 社区版的 web 界面。为此，我们需要将我们的 web 浏览器指向 GitLab 服务器的网址，根据我们的配置，可能是 http://ip-address/ 或 http://domain.com/ 的格式。在我们成功指向该网址后，我们将会看到下面的页面。
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现在，为了登陆进面板，我们需要点击登陆按钮，它将询问我们的用户名和密码。然后我们将输入默认的用户名和密码，即 **root** 和 **5iveL!fe** 。在登陆进控制面板后，我们将被强制要求为我们的 GitLab root 用户输入新的密码。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 8. 创建仓库 ###
|
||||
|
||||
在我们成功地更改密码并登陆到我们的控制面板之后，现在，我们将为我们的新项目创建一个新的仓库。为此，我们需要来到项目栏，然后点击 **新项目** 绿色按钮。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
接着，我们将被询问给我们的项目输入所需的信息和设定，正如下面展示的那样。我们甚至可以从其他的 git 仓库提供商和仓库中导入我们的项目。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
做完这些后，我们将能够使用任何包含基本 git 命令行的 Git 客户端来访问我们的 Git 仓库。我们可以看到在仓库中进行的任何活动，例如创建一个里程碑，管理 issue，合并请求，管理成员，便签，Wiki 等。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 总结 ###
|
||||
|
||||
GitLab 是一个用来管理 git 仓库的很棒的开源 web 应用。它有着漂亮，响应式的带有诸多酷炫功能的界面。它还打包有许多酷炫功能，例如管理群组，分发密钥，连续集成，查看日志，广播消息，钩子，系统 OAuth 应用，模板等。（注：OAuth 是一个开放标准，允许用户让第三方应用访问该用户在某一网站上存储的私密的资源（如照片，视频，联系人列表），而无需将用户名和密码提供给第三方应用。--- 摘取自 [维基百科上的 OAuth 词条](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/OAuth)） 它还可以和大量的工具进行交互如 Slack，Hipchat，LDAP，JIRA，Jenkins,很多类型的钩子和一个完整的 API。它至少需要 2 GB 的内存和 2 核 CPU 来流畅运行，支持多达 500 个用户，但它也可以被扩展到多个活动的服务器上。假如你有任何的问题，建议，回馈，请将它们写在下面的评论框中，以便我们可以提升或更新我们的内容。谢谢！
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://linoxide.com/linux-how-to/install-gitlab-on-ubuntu-fedora-debian/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Arun Pyasi][a]
|
||||
译者：[FSSlc](https://github.com/FSSlc)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://linoxide.com/author/arunp/
|
||||
[1]:https://about.gitlab.com/
|
||||
[2]:https://packages.gitlab.com/gitlab/gitlab-ce?filter=debs
|
||||
[3]:https://packages.gitlab.com/gitlab/gitlab-ce?filter=debs
|
||||
[4]:https://packages.gitlab.com/gitlab/gitlab-ce?filter=rpms
|
||||
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user