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How to Boot Ubuntu 18.04 / Debian 9 Server in Rescue (Single User mode) / Emergency Mode
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======
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Booting a Linux Server into a single user mode or **rescue mode** is one of the important troubleshooting that a Linux admin usually follow while recovering the server from critical conditions. In Ubuntu 18.04 and Debian 9, single user mode is known as a rescue mode.
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Apart from the rescue mode, Linux servers can be booted in **emergency mode** , the main difference between them is that, emergency mode loads a minimal environment with read only root file system file system, also it does not enable any network or other services. But rescue mode try to mount all the local file systems & try to start some important services including network.
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In this article we will discuss how we can boot our Ubuntu 18.04 LTS / Debian 9 Server in rescue mode and emergency mode.
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#### Booting Ubuntu 18.04 LTS Server in Single User / Rescue Mode:
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Reboot your server and go to boot loader (Grub) screen and Select “ **Ubuntu** “, bootloader screen would look like below,
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Press “ **e** ” and then go the end of line which starts with word “ **linux** ” and append “ **systemd.unit=rescue.target** “. Remove the word “ **$vt_handoff** ” if it exists.
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Now Press Ctrl-x or F10 to boot,
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Now press enter and then you will get the shell where all file systems will be mounted in read-write mode and do the troubleshooting. Once you are done with troubleshooting, you can reboot your server using “ **reboot** ” command.
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#### Booting Ubuntu 18.04 LTS Server in emergency mode
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Reboot the server and go the boot loader screen and select “ **Ubuntu** ” and then press “ **e** ” and go to the end of line which starts with word linux, and append “ **systemd.unit=emergency.target** ”
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Now Press Ctlr-x or F10 to boot in emergency mode, you will get a shell and do the troubleshooting from there. As we had already discussed that in emergency mode, file systems will be mounted in read-only mode and also there will be no networking in this mode,
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Use below command to mount the root file system in read-write mode,
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```
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# mount -o remount,rw /
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```
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Similarly, you can remount rest of file systems in read-write mode .
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#### Booting Debian 9 into Rescue & Emergency Mode
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Reboot your Debian 9.x server and go to grub screen and select “ **Debian GNU/Linux** ”
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Press “ **e** ” and go to end of line which starts with word linux and append “ **systemd.unit=rescue.target** ” to boot the system in rescue mode and to boot in emergency mode then append “ **systemd.unit=emergency.target** ”
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#### Rescue mode :
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Now press Ctrl-x or F10 to boot in rescue mode
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Press Enter to get the shell and from there you can start troubleshooting.
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#### Emergency Mode:
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Now press ctrl-x or F10 to boot your system in emergency mode
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Press enter to get the shell and use “ **mount -o remount,rw /** ” command to mount the root file system in read-write mode.
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**Note:** In case root password is already set in Ubuntu 18.04 and Debian 9 Server then you must enter root password to get shell in rescue and emergency mode
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That’s all from this article, please do share your feedback and comments in case you like this article.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.linuxtechi.com/boot-ubuntu-18-04-debian-9-rescue-emergency-mode/
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作者：[Pradeep Kumar][a]
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选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: http://www.linuxtechi.com/author/pradeep/
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如何在救援（单用户模式）/紧急模式下启动 Ubuntu 18.04/Debian 9 服务器
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======
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将 Linux 服务器引导到单用户模式或**救援模式**是 Linux 管理员在关键时刻恢复服务器时通常使用的重要故障排除方法之一。在 Ubuntu 18.04 和 Debian 9 中，单用户模式被称为救援模式。
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除了救援模式外，Linux 服务器可以在**紧急模式**下启动，它们之间的主要区别在于，紧急模式加载了带有只读根文件系统文件系统的最小环境，也没有启用任何网络或其他服务。但救援模式尝试挂载所有本地文件系统并尝试启动一些重要的服务，包括网络。
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在本文中，我们将讨论如何在救援模式和紧急模式下启动 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS/Debian 9 服务器。
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#### 在单用户/救援模式下启动 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS 服务器：
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重启服务器并进入启动加载程序 （Grub） 屏幕并选择 “**Ubuntu**”，启动加载器页面如下所示，
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按下 “**e**”，然后移动到以 “**linux**” 开头的行尾，并添加 “**systemd.unit=rescue.target**”。如果存在单词 “**$vt_handoff**” 就删除它。
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现在按 Ctrl-x 或 F10 启动，
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现在按回车键，然后你将得到所有文件系统都以读写模式挂载的 shell 并进行故障排除。完成故障排除后，可以使用 “**reboot**” 命令重新启动服务器。
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#### 在紧急模式下启动 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS 服务器
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重启服务器并进入启动加载程序页面并选择 “**Ubuntu**”，然后按 “**e**” 并移动到以 linux 开头的行尾，并添加 “**systemd.unit=emergency.target**“。
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现在按 Ctlr-x 或 F10 以紧急模式启动，你将获得一个 shell 并从那里进行故障排除。正如我们已经讨论过的那样，在紧急模式下，文件系统将以只读模式挂载，并且在这种模式下也不会有网络，
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使用以下命令将根文件系统挂载到读写模式，
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```
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# mount -o remount,rw /
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```
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同样，你可以在读写模式下重新挂载其余文件系统。
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#### 将 Debian 9 引导到救援和紧急模式
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重启 Debian 9.x 服务器并进入 grub页面选择 “**Debian GNU/Linux**”。
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按下 “**e**” 并移动到 linux 开头的行尾并添加 “**systemd.unit=rescue.target**” 以在救援模式下启动系统， 要在紧急模式下启动，那就添加 “**systemd.unit=emergency.target**“
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#### 救援模式：
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现在按 Ctrl-x 或 F10 以救援模式启动
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按下回车键以获取 shell，然后从这里开始故障排除。
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#### 紧急模式：
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现在按下 ctrl-x 或 F10 以紧急模式启动系统
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按下回车获取 shell 并使用 “**mount -o remount,rw /**” 命令以读写模式挂载根文件系统。
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**注意：**如果已经在 Ubuntu 18.04 和 Debian 9 Server 中设置了 root 密码，那么你必须输入 root 密码才能在救援和紧急模式下获得 shell
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就是这些了，如果您喜欢这篇文章，请分享你的反馈和评论。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.linuxtechi.com/boot-ubuntu-18-04-debian-9-rescue-emergency-mode/
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作者：[Pradeep Kumar][a]
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选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
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译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: http://www.linuxtechi.com/author/pradeep/
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