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Update 20140619 How To Flush Linux or UNIX DNS Cache.md
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How To Flush Linux / UNIX DNS Cache
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如何清除 Linux/Unix DNS缓存
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================================================================================
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I'm on a Dial UP Internet connection under Linux and frequent dial up disconnection causing dns problems. How do I flush DNS cache under UNIX / Linux distribution using a shell prompt?
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我在Linux下使用拨号连接上网，频繁的拨号断线造成DNS的问题。我如何在Linux/Unix发行版下使用shell命令清除DNS缓存？
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Under MS-Windows you can use the [ipconfig command to flush dns cache][1]. However, Linux and UNIX provides various ways to flush cache. Linux can run nscd or BIND or dnsmasq as the name service caching daemon. Large and work-group servers may use BIND or dnsmasq as a dedicated caching server to speed up queries.
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### HowTo: Flush nscd dns cache ###
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在MS-Windows下,你可以使用[ipconfig命令来清除dns缓存][1]。然而，Linux和Unix提供了不同的方法来清除缓存。Linux可以运行nscd或者BIND或者dnsmasq作为名称服务缓存守护进程。大型或者工作组服务器可能使用BIND或者dnsmasq作为专用缓存服务器来加速查询。
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### 如何: 清除 nscd dns 缓存 ###
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Nscd caches libc-issued requests to the Name Service. If retrieving NSS data is fairly expensive, nscd is able to speed up consecutive access to the same data dramatically and increase overall system performance. Just restart nscd:
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Nscd缓存libc发给名称服务的请求。如果检索NSS数据是很昂贵的，那么nscd能够显著加快连续访问同一数据并提高整个系统的性能。只需重启nscd：
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$ sudo /etc/init.d/nscd restart
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OR
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或
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# service nscd restart
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OR
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或
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# service nscd reload
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This daemon provides a cache for the most common name service requests. The default configuration file, /etc/nscd.conf, determines the behavior of the cache daemon.
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这个守护进程给最常用的名称服务请求提供了高速缓存。默认的配置文件/etc/nscd.conf，决定了高速缓存守护进程的行为。
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### Flush dnsmasq dns cache ###
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### 清除 dnsmasq dns 缓存 ###
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[dnsmasq is a lightweight DNS][2], TFTP and DHCP server. It is intended to provide coupled DNS and DHCP service to a LAN. Dnsmasq accepts DNS queries and either answers them from a small, local, cache or forwards them to a real, recursive, DNS server. This software is also installed many cheap routers to cache dns queries. Just restart the dnsmasq service to flush out dns cache:
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[dnsmasq的是一个轻量级的DNS][2]，TFTP和DHCP服务器。它的目的是给局域网提供耦合的DNS和DHCP服务。 dnsmasq的接受DNS查询，并从本地高速缓存应答它们或将其转发到一个真正的递归DNS服务器。该软件也安装了很多便宜的路由器来缓存DNS查询。只需启动dnsmasq的服务来清除DNS缓存：
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$ sudo /etc/init.d/dnsmasq restart
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OR
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或者
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# service dnsmasq restart
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### Flush caching BIND server dns cache ###
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### 清除BIND缓存服务器的dns缓存 ###
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A caching BIND server obtains information from another server (a Zone Master) in response to a host query and then saves (caches) the data locally. All you have to do is restart bind to clear its cache:
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一台BIND缓存服务器从另一台服务器（区域主）响应主机的查询而获得信息，然后保存（缓存)数据到本地。您所要做的就是重新绑定以清除其缓存：
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# /etc/init.d/named restart
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You can also use rndc command as follows flush out all cache:
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你也可以使用下面rndc命令来清除所有的缓存:
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# rndc restart
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OR
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或者
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# rndc exec
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BIND v9.3.0 and above will support flushing all of the records attached to a particular domain name with rndc flushname command. In this example flush all records releated to cyberciti.biz domain:
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flushname命令刷新所有的连接到一个特定的域名的记录。本例中刷新cyberciti.biz相关域的所有记录：
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# rndc flushname cyberciti.biz
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It is also possible to flush out BIND views. For example, lan and wan views can be flushed using the following
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command:
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它同样也可以用来清除BIND View.比如,LAN和WAN的View可以用下面的命令清除:
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# rndc flush lan
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# rndc flush wan
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### A note about Mac OS X Unix users ###
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### Mac OS X Unix 用户提示 ###
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Type the following command as root user:
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使用root用户输入下面的命令:
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# dscacheutil -flushcache
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OR
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或者
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$ sudo dscacheutil -flushcache
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If you are using OS X 10.5 or earlier try the following command:
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如果你正在使用OSX 10.5 或者更早的版本,尝试使用下面的命令:
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lookupd -flushcache
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### A note about /etc/hosts file ###
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### /etc/hosts 文件的一个提示 ###
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/etc/hosts act as the static table lookup for hostnames. You need to remove and/or update records as per your requirements under Unix like operating systems:
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/etc/hosts作为一个静态查询主机的表格。你需要在类Unix操作系统下依据你的要求移除并且/或者更新它：
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# vi /etc/hosts
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#### Sample outputs: ####
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#### 示例输出: ####
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127.0.0.1 localhost
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127.0.1.1 wks01.WAG160N wks01
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@ -100,15 +98,15 @@ If you are using OS X 10.5 or earlier try the following command:
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172.168.232.51 nfs2.nixcraft.net.in nfs2
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192.168.1.101 vm01
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### See also: ###
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### 再看这里: ###
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Related: [Windows Vista / XP Flush DNS Cache][3] with ipconfig Command
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相关: 在Windows Vista / XP中用ipconfig 命令[ 清除 DNS 缓存][3]
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/rhel-debian-ubuntu-flush-clear-dns-cache/
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[geekpi](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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