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[翻译完成] 20170210 Use tmux for a more powerful terminal
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translating by Flowsnow!
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How to Install Elastic Stack on CentOS 7
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============================================================
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@ -538,25 +540,25 @@ via: https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-elastic-stack-on-centos-
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
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|
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[a]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-elastic-stack-on-centos-7/
|
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[1]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-elastic-stack-on-centos-7/#step-nbspprepare-the-operating-system
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[2]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-elastic-stack-on-centos-7/#step-install-java
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[3]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-elastic-stack-on-centos-7/#step-install-and-configure-elasticsearch
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[4]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-elastic-stack-on-centos-7/#step-install-and-configure-kibana-with-nginx
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[5]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-elastic-stack-on-centos-7/#step-install-and-configure-logstash
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[6]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-elastic-stack-on-centos-7/#step-install-and-configure-filebeat-on-the-centos-client
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[7]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-elastic-stack-on-centos-7/#step-install-and-configure-filebeat-on-the-ubuntu-client
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[8]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-elastic-stack-on-centos-7/#step-testing
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[9]:https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-elastic-stack-on-centos-7/#reference
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[10]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how-to-install-elastic-stack-on-centos-7/big/1.png
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[11]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how-to-install-elastic-stack-on-centos-7/big/2.png
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[12]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how-to-install-elastic-stack-on-centos-7/big/3.png
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[13]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how-to-install-elastic-stack-on-centos-7/big/4.png
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[14]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how-to-install-elastic-stack-on-centos-7/big/5.png
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[15]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how-to-install-elastic-stack-on-centos-7/big/6.png
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[16]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how-to-install-elastic-stack-on-centos-7/big/12.png
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[17]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how-to-install-elastic-stack-on-centos-7/big/7.png
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[18]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how-to-install-elastic-stack-on-centos-7/big/8.png
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[19]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how-to-install-elastic-stack-on-centos-7/big/9.png
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[20]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how-to-install-elastic-stack-on-centos-7/big/10.png
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[21]:https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how-to-install-elastic-stack-on-centos-7/big/11.png
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[a]: https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-elastic-stack-on-centos-7/
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[1]: https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-elastic-stack-on-centos-7/#step-nbspprepare-the-operating-system
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[2]: https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-elastic-stack-on-centos-7/#step-install-java
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[3]: https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-elastic-stack-on-centos-7/#step-install-and-configure-elasticsearch
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[4]: https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-elastic-stack-on-centos-7/#step-install-and-configure-kibana-with-nginx
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[5]: https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-elastic-stack-on-centos-7/#step-install-and-configure-logstash
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[6]: https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-elastic-stack-on-centos-7/#step-install-and-configure-filebeat-on-the-centos-client
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[7]: https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-elastic-stack-on-centos-7/#step-install-and-configure-filebeat-on-the-ubuntu-client
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[8]: https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-elastic-stack-on-centos-7/#step-testing
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[9]: https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-install-elastic-stack-on-centos-7/#reference
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[10]: https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how-to-install-elastic-stack-on-centos-7/big/1.png
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[11]: https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how-to-install-elastic-stack-on-centos-7/big/2.png
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[12]: https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how-to-install-elastic-stack-on-centos-7/big/3.png
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[13]: https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how-to-install-elastic-stack-on-centos-7/big/4.png
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[14]: https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how-to-install-elastic-stack-on-centos-7/big/5.png
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[15]: https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how-to-install-elastic-stack-on-centos-7/big/6.png
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[16]: https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how-to-install-elastic-stack-on-centos-7/big/12.png
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[17]: https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how-to-install-elastic-stack-on-centos-7/big/7.png
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[18]: https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how-to-install-elastic-stack-on-centos-7/big/8.png
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[19]: https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how-to-install-elastic-stack-on-centos-7/big/9.png
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[20]: https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how-to-install-elastic-stack-on-centos-7/big/10.png
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[21]: https://www.howtoforge.com/images/how-to-install-elastic-stack-on-centos-7/big/11.png
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@ -1,129 +0,0 @@
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translating by Flowsnow
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# [Use tmux for a more powerful terminal][3]
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Some Fedora users spend most or all their time at a [command line][4] terminal. The terminal gives you access to your whole system, as well as thousands of powerful utilities. However, it only shows you one command line session at a time by default. Even with a large terminal window, the entire window only shows one session. This wastes space, especially on large monitors and high resolution laptop screens. But what if you could break up that terminal into multiple sessions? This is precisely where _tmux_ is handy — some say indispensable.
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### Install and start _tmux_
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The _tmux_ utility gets its name from being a terminal muxer, or multiplexer. In other words, it can break your single terminal session into multiple sessions. It manages both _windows_ and _panes_ :
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* A _window_ is a single view — that is, an assortment of things shown in your terminal.
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* A _pane_ is one part of that view, often a terminal session.
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To get started, install the _tmux_ utility on your system. You’ll need to have _sudo_ setup for your user account ([check out this article][5] for instructions if needed).
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```
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sudo dnf -y install tmux
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```
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Run the utility to get started:
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tmux
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### The status bar
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At first, it might seem like nothing happens, other than a status bar that appears at the bottom of the terminal:
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The bottom bar shows you:
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* _[0] _ – You’re in the first session that was created by the _tmux_ server. Numbering starts with 0\. The server tracks all sessions whether they’re still alive or not.
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* _0:username@host:~_ – Information about the first window of that session. Numbering starts with 0\. The terminal in the active pane of the window is owned by _username_ at hostname _host_ . The current directory is _~ _ (the home directory).
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* _*_ – Shows that you’re currently in this window.
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* _“hostname” _ – the hostname of the _tmux_ server you’re using.
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* Also, the date and time on that particular host is shown.
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The information bar will change as you add more windows and panes to the session.
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### Basics of tmux
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Stretch your terminal window to make it much larger. Now let’s experiment with a few simple commands to create additional panes. All commands by default start with _Ctrl+b_ .
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* Hit _Ctrl+b, “_ to split the current single pane horizontally. Now you have two command line panes in the window, one on top and one on bottom. Notice that the new bottom pane is your active pane.
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* Hit _Ctrl+b, %_ to split the current pane vertically. Now you have three command line panes in the window. The new bottom right pane is your active pane.
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Notice the highlighted border around your current pane. To navigate around panes, do any of the following:
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* Hit _Ctrl+b _ and then an arrow key.
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* Hit _Ctrl+b, q_ . Numbers appear on the panes briefly. During this time, you can hit the number for the pane you want.
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Now, try using the panes to run different commands. For instance, try this:
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* Use _ls_ to show directory contents in the top pane.
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* Start _vi_ in the bottom left pane to edit a text file.
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* Run _top_ in the bottom right pane to monitor processes on your system.
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The display will look something like this:
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So far, this example has only used one window with multiple panes. You can also run multiple windows in your session.
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* To create a new window, hit _Ctrl+b, c._ Notice that the status bar now shows two windows running. (Keen readers will see this in the screenshot above.)
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* To move to the previous window, hit _Ctrl+b, p._
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* If you want to move to the next window, hit _Ctrl+b, n_ .
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* To immediately move to a specific window (0-9), hit _Ctrl+b_ followed by the window number.
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If you’re wondering how to close a pane, simply quit that specific command line shell using _exit_ , _logout_ , or _Ctrl+d._ Once you close all panes in a window, that window disappears as well.
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### Detaching and attaching
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One of the most powerful features of _tmux_ is the ability to detach and reattach to a session. You can leave your windows and panes running when you detach. Moreover, you can even logout of the system entirely. Then later you can login to the same system, reattach to the _tmux_ session, and see all your windows and panes where you left them. The commands you were running stay running while you’re detached.
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To detach from a session, hit _Ctrl+b, d._ The session disappears and you’ll be back at the standard single shell. To reattach to the session, use this command:
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```
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tmux attach-session
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```
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This function is also a lifesaver when your network connection to a host is shaky. If your connection fails, all the processes in the session will stay running. Once your connection is back up, you can resume your work as if nothing happened.
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And if that weren’t enough, on top of multiple windows and panes per session, you can also run multiple sessions. You can list these and then attach to the correct one by number or name:
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```
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tmux list-sessions
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```
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### Further reading
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This article only scratches the surface of _tmux’_ s capabilities. You can manipulate your sessions in many other ways:
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* Swap one pane with another
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* Move a pane to another window (in the same or a different session!)
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* Set keybindings that perform your favorite commands automatically
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* Configure a _~/.tmux.conf_ file with your favorite settings by default so each new session looks the way you like
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For a full explanation of all commands, check out these references:
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* The official [manual page][1]
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* This [eBook][2] all about _tmux_
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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作者简介：
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Paul W. Frields has been a Linux user and enthusiast since 1997, and joined the Fedora Project in 2003, shortly after launch. He was a founding member of the Fedora Project Board, and has worked on documentation, website publishing, advocacy, toolchain development, and maintaining software. He joined Red Hat as Fedora Project Leader from February 2008 to July 2010, and remains with Red Hat as an engineering manager. He currently lives with his wife and two children in Virginia.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://fedoramagazine.org/use-tmux-more-powerful-terminal/
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作者：[Paul W. Frields][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://fedoramagazine.org/author/pfrields/
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[1]: http://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man1/tmux.1
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[2]: https://pragprog.com/book/bhtmux2/tmux-2
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[3]: https://fedoramagazine.org/use-tmux-more-powerful-terminal/
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[4]: http://www.cryptonomicon.com/beginning.html
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[5]: https://fedoramagazine.org/howto-use-sudo/
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@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
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# [使用tmux打造更强大的终端][3]
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一些Fedora用户把大部分甚至是所有时间花费在了[命令行][4]终端上。 终端可让您访问整个系统，以及数以千计的强大的实用程序。 但是，它默认情况下一次只显示一个命令行会话。 即使有一个大的终端窗口，整个窗口也只会显示一个会话。 这浪费了空间，特别是在大型显示器和高分辨率的笔记本电脑屏幕上。 但是，如果你可以将终端分成多个会话呢？ 这正是tmux最方便的地方，或者说不可或缺的。
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### 安装并启动 _tmux_
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_tmux_ 应用程序的名称来源于终端复用器(muxer)或多路复用器(multiplexer)。 换句话说，它可以将您的单终端会话分成多个会话。 它管理窗口和窗格：
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- _窗口_ 是一个单一的视图 - 也就是终端中显示的东西的一个分类。
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- _窗格_ 是该视图的一部分，通常是一个终端会话。
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开始前，请在系统上安装_tmux_应用程序。 你需要为您的用户帐户设置_sudo_权限（如果需要，请[查看本文][5]获取相关说明）。
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```
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sudo dnf -y install tmux
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```
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运行tmux程序：
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tmux
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### 状态栏
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首先，它似乎什么也没有发生，除了出现在终端的底部的状态栏：
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底部栏显示：
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* _[0]_ – 这是_tmux_服务创建的第一个会话。编号从0开始。tmux服务会跟踪所有的会话确认其是否存活。
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* _0:username@host:~_ – 有关该会话的第一个窗口的信息。编号从0开始。窗口的活动窗格中的终端归主机名host中username用户所有。当前目录是 _~ _ (家目录)。
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* _*_ – 显示你目前在此窗口中。
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* _“hostname”_ – 你正在使用的_tmux_服务器的主机名。
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* 此外，还会显示该特定主机上的日期和时间
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当你向会话中添加更多窗口和窗格时，信息栏将随之改变。
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### tmux基础知识
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把你的终端窗口拉伸到最大。现在让我们尝试一些简单的命令来创建更多的窗格。默认情况下，所有的命令都以_Ctrl+b_开头
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* 敲 _Ctrl+b, “_ 水平分割当前单个窗格。 现在窗口中有两个命令行闯关个，一个在顶部，一个在底部。请注意，底部的新窗格是活动窗格。
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* 敲 _Ctrl+b, %_ 垂直分割当前单个窗格。 现在你的窗口中有三个命令行窗格，右下脚的窗格是活动窗格。
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注意当前窗格周围高亮显示的边框。为了浏览所有的窗格，请做以下操作：
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* 敲 _Ctrl+b_ 然后点箭头键
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* 敲 _Ctrl+b, q_ 。数字会短暂的出现在窗格上。在这期间，你可以你想要浏览的窗格上对应的数字。
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现在，尝试使用不同的窗格运行不同的命令。例如以下这样的：
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* 在顶部窗格中使用 _ls_ 命令显示目录内容。
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* 在左下角的窗格中使用 _vi_ 命令 编辑一个文本文件。
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* 在右下脚的窗格中运行 _top_ 命令监控系统进程。
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屏幕将会如下显示:
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到目前为止，这个示例中只是用了一个带多个窗格的窗口。你也可以在会话中运行多个窗口。
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* 为了创建一个新的窗口，请敲_Ctrl+b, c_ 。请注意，状态栏显示当前有两个窗口正在运行。（敏锐的读者会看到上面的截图。）
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* 要移动到上一个窗口，请敲 _Ctrl+b, p_ 。
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* 要移动到下一个窗口，请敲 _Ctrl+b, n_ 。
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* 要立即移动到特定的窗口，请敲 _Ctrl+b_ 然后跟上窗口编号。
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如果你想知道如何关闭窗格，只需要使用 _exit_ ， _logout_ ， 或者 _Ctrl+d_ 来退出特定的命令行shell。一旦你关闭了窗口中的所有窗格，那么该窗口也会消失。
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### 脱离和附加
|
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tmux最强大的功能之一是能够脱离和重新附加到会话。 当你脱离的时候，你可以离开你的窗口和窗格独立运行。 此外，您甚至可以完全注销系统。 然后，您可以登录到同一个系统，重新附加到 _tmux_ 会话，查看您离开时的所有窗口和窗格。 脱离的时候你运行的命令一直保持运行状态。
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为了脱离一个会话，请敲 _Ctrl+b, d_ 。 然后会话消失，你重新返回到一个标准的单一shell。如果要重新附加到会话中，使用一下命令：
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|
||||
```
|
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tmux attach-session
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
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当你连接到主机的网络不稳定时，这个功能就像救生员一样有用。如果连接失败，会话中 的所有的进程都会继续运行。只要连接备份了，你就可以恢复正常，就好像什么事情也没有发生一样。
|
||||
|
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如果这些功能还不够，在每个会话的顶层窗口和窗格中，你可以运行多个会话。你可以列举出这些窗口和窗格，然后通过编号或者名称把他们附加到正确的会话中：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
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tmux list-sessions
|
||||
```
|
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### 延伸阅读
|
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|
||||
本文只触及的 _tmux_ 的表面功能。你可以通过其他方式操作会话：
|
||||
|
||||
* 将一个窗格和另一个窗格交换
|
||||
* 将窗格移动到另一个窗口中（会话可以在同一个会话中也可以在不同的会话中）
|
||||
* 设定快捷键自动执行你喜欢的命令
|
||||
* 在 _~/.tmux.conf_ 文件中配置你最喜欢的配置项，这样每一个会话都会按照你喜欢的方式呈现
|
||||
|
||||
有关所有命令的完整说明，请查看以下参考：
|
||||
|
||||
* 官方[手册页][1]
|
||||
* _tmux_ [电子书][2]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
作者简介：
|
||||
|
||||
Paul W. Frields自1997年以来一直是Linux用户和爱好者，并于2003年加入Fedora项目，这个项目刚推出不久。他是Fedora项目委员会的创始成员，在文档，网站发布，宣传，工具链开发和维护软件方面都有贡献。他于2008年2月至2010年7月加入Red Hat，担任Fedora项目负责人，并担任Red Hat的工程经理。目前他和妻子以及两个孩子居住在弗吉尼亚。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://fedoramagazine.org/use-tmux-more-powerful-terminal/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Paul W. Frields][a]
|
||||
译者：[Flowsnow](https://github.com/Flowsnow)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://fedoramagazine.org/author/pfrields/
|
||||
[1]: http://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man1/tmux.1
|
||||
[2]: https://pragprog.com/book/bhtmux2/tmux-2
|
||||
[3]: https://fedoramagazine.org/use-tmux-more-powerful-terminal/
|
||||
[4]: http://www.cryptonomicon.com/beginning.html
|
||||
[5]: https://fedoramagazine.org/howto-use-sudo/
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user