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[完成翻译] Who needs a GUI - How to live in a Linux terminal
谁需要 GUI？——Linux终端生存之道
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Who needs a GUI? How to live in a Linux terminal
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### The best Linux shell apps for handling common functions
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Ever consider the idea of living entirely in a Linux terminal? No graphical desktop. No modern GUI software. Just text—and nothing but text—inside a Linux shell. It may not be easy, but it’s absolutely doable. [I recently tried living completely in a Linux shell for 30 days][1]. What follows are my favorite shell applications for handling some of the most common bits of computer functionality (web browsing, word processing, etc.). With a few obvious holes. Because being text-only is hard.
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### Emailing within a Linux terminal
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For emailing in a terminal, we are spoiled for choice. Many people recommend mutt and notmuch. Both of those are powerful and excellent, but I prefer alpine. Why? Not only does it work well, but it’s also much more of a familiar interface if you are used to GUI email software like Thunderbird.
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### Web browsing within a Linux terminal
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I have one word for you: [w3m][5]. Well, I suppose that’s not even really a word. But w3m is definitely my terminal web browser of choice. It tenders things fairly well and is powerful enough to even let you post to sites such as Google Plus (albeit, not in a terribly fun way). Lynx may be the de facto text-based web browser, but w3m is my favorite.
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### Text editing within a Linux terminal
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For editing simple text files, I have one application that I straight-up love. No, not emacs. Also, definitely not vim. For editing of a text file or jotting down some notes, I like nano. Yes, nano. It’s simple, easy to learn and pleasant to use. Are there pieces of software with more features? Sure. But nano is just delightful.
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### Word processing within a Linux terminal
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In a shell—with nothing but text—there really isn’t a huge difference between a “text editor” and a “word processor.” But being as I do a lot of writing, having a piece of software built specifically for long-form writing is a definite must. My favorite is wordgrinder. It has just enough tools to make me happy, a nice menu-driven interface (with hot-keys), and it supports multiple file types, including OpenDocument, HTML and a bunch of other ones.
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### Music playing within a Linux terminal
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When it comes to playing music (mp3, Ogg, etc.) from a shell, one piece of software is king: [cmus][7]. It supports every conceivable file format. It’s super easy to use and incredibly fast and light on system resource usage. So clean. So streamlined. This is what a good music player should be like.
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### Instant messaging within a Linux terminal
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When I realized how will I could instant message from the terminal, my head exploded. You know Pidgin, the multi-protocol IM client? Well, it has a version for the terminal, called “[finch][8],” that allows you to connect to multiple networks and chat with multiple people at once. The interface is even similar to Pidgin. Just amazing. Use Google Hangouts? Try [hangups][9]. It has a nice tabbed interface and works amazingly well. Seriously. Other than needing perhaps some emoji and inline pictures, instant messaging from the shell is a great experience.
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### Tweeting within a Linux terminal
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No joke. Twitter, in your terminal, thanks to [rainbowstream][10]. I hit a few bugs here and there, but overall, it works rather well. Not as well as the website itself—and not as well as the official mobile clients—but, come on, this is Twitter in a shell. Even if it has one or two rough edges, this is pretty stinkin’ cool.
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### Reddit-ing within a Linux terminal
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Spending time on Reddit from the comforts of the command line feels right somehow. And with rtv, it’s a rather pleasant experience. Reading. Commenting. Voting. It all works. The experience isn’t actually all that different than the website itself.
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### Process managing within a Linux terminal
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Use [htop][12]. It’s like top—only better and prettier. Sometimes I just leave htop up and running all the time. Just because. In that regard, it’s like a music visualizer—only for RAM and CPU usage.
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### File managing within a Linux terminal
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Just because you’re in a text-based shell doesn’t mean you don’t enjoy the finer things in life. Like having a nice file browser and manager. In that regard, [Midnight Commander][13] is a pretty doggone great one.
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### Terminal managing within a Linux terminal
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If you spend much time in the shell, you’re going to need a terminal multiplexer. Basically it’s a piece of software that lets you split up your terminal session into a customizable grid, allowing you to use and see multiple terminal applications at the same time. It’s a tiled window manager for your shell. My favorite is [tmux][14]. But [GNU Screen][15] is also quite nice. It might take a few minutes to learn how to use it, but once you do, you’ll be glad you did.
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### Presentation-ing within a Linux terminal
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LibreOffice, Google Slides or, gasp, PowerPoint. I spend a lot of time in presentation software. The fact that one exists for the shell pleases me greatly. It’s called, appropriately, “[text presentation program][16].” There are no images (obviously), just a simple program for displaying slides put together in a simple markup language. It may not let you embed pictures of cats, but you’ll earn some serious nerd-cred for doing an entire presentation from the terminal.
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via: http://www.networkworld.com/article/3091139/linux/who-needs-a-gui-how-to-live-in-a-linux-terminal.html#slide1
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作者：[Bryan Lunduke][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/chenxinlong)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: http://www.networkworld.com/author/Bryan-Lunduke/
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[1]: http://www.networkworld.com/article/3083268/linux/30-days-in-a-terminal-day-0-the-adventure-begins.html
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[2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutt_(email_client)
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[3]: https://notmuchmail.org/
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[4]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpine_(email_client)
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[5]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W3m
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[6]: http://cowlark.com/wordgrinder/index.html
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[7]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cmus
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[8]: https://developer.pidgin.im/wiki/Using%20Finch
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[9]: https://github.com/tdryer/hangups
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[10]: http://www.rainbowstream.org/
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[11]: https://github.com/michael-lazar/rtv
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[12]: http://hisham.hm/htop/
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[13]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midnight_Commander
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[14]: https://tmux.github.io/
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[15]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Screen
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[16]: http://www.ngolde.de/tpp.html
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谁需要 GUI？——L[inux 终端生存之道
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### 处理常见功能的最佳 Linux shell 应用
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你是否曾想像过完完全全在 Linux 终端里生存？即没有图形桌面。没有现代的 GUI 软件，仅有的就是文本——在 Linux shell 中，除了文本还是文本。这对于大部分人来说可能并不容易，但这是绝对可以逐渐做到的。[我最近在曾是在 30 天内只在 Linux shell 中生存][1]。下边提到的就是我最喜欢用的 shell 应用，它们可以用来处理多数的常用电脑功能（网页浏览、文字处理等）。这些显然有些不足，因为存文本实在是有些艰难。
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### 在 Linux 终端里发邮件
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为了能在 终端里边发送邮件，我们对可选择性有极度的渴望。很多人会推荐 mutt 和 notmuch，这两个软件都功能强大并且表现非凡，但是我却更喜欢 alpine。为何？不仅是因为它的高效性，而且如果你习惯了像 Thunderbird 之类的 GUI 邮件客户端，你会发现 alpine 的界面与它们非常相似。
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### 在 Linux 终端里浏览网页
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我有句号要给你说：[w3m][5]。好吧，我承认这并不是一句话。但 w3m 的确是我在 Linux 终端想的作为 web 浏览器的选择。它能够柔和的将网页呈现出了，并且它也足够强大，让你在像 Google+ 之类的网站上发布消息（尽管方法并不有趣）。实际上 Lynx 可能才是那个基于文本的 Web 浏览器，但 w3m 还是我最想用的。
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### 在 Linux 终端里编辑文本
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对于编辑简单的文本文件，有那么一个应用是我最爱用的。不！不！不是 emacs，同样，也绝对不是 vim。对于编辑文本文件或者简要记下笔记，我喜欢使用 nano。对！就是 nano。它非常简单，易于学习并且使用方便。当然还有更多的软件富含其他特性，但 nano 的使用则是最令人愉快的。
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### 在 Linux 终端里处理文字
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在一个只有文本的 shell 之中，对于“文本编辑器”和“文字处理程序”实在是没有什么大的区别。但是像我这样需要大量写作的，如果有一些内置应用来长期协同则是非常必要的。而我最爱的就是 wordgrinder。它由足够的工具让我愉快工作——一个菜单驱动的界面（使用快捷键控制）并且支持开放文档、HTML或其他等多种文件格式。
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### 在 Linux 终端里听音乐
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当谈到在 shell 中播放音乐（比如 mp3，ogg 等），有一个软件绝对是卫冕之王：[cmus][7]。它支持所有你想得到的文件格式。它的使用超级简单，运行速度超级快，并且只使用系统少量的资源。如此清洁，如此流畅。这才是一个好的应用播发器的样子。
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### 在 Linux 终端里发送即时消息
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当我在想如果可以在终端里发送即时消息会是什么样子的时候，我的思绪瞬间爆发了。你可能知道 Pidgin——一个支持多种协议的 IM 客户端，它也有一个终端版，叫做“[finch][8]”，你可以使用它来同时链接多个网络、同时和几个人聊天。而且，它的界面也和 Pidgin 极为相似。多么令人惊叹啊！想要使用 Google 环聊（Google Hangouts）就试试 [hangups][9]。它有一个非常漂亮的分页式界面，并且效果非常好。认真来说，除了一些可能需要的 emoji 表情和嵌入式图片外，在终端里发送即时消息真的是一个很好的体验。
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### 在 Linux 终端里发布推文
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这不是开玩笑！由于 [rainbowstream][10] 的存在，我们已经在终端里发布推文了。尽管我经常遇到一些错误信息，但体验一番之后，它确实可以很好的工作。虽然不能像在网页版 Twitter，也不能像其移动版那样，但这是一个终端版的，来试一试吧。尽管它的功能还未完善，但是用起来还是很酷，不是吗？
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### 在 Linux 终端里看 Reddit 新闻
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不管如何，在命令行中享受 Reddit 新闻时间真的感觉很棒。使用 rtv 真是一个相当愉快的体验。不管是阅读、评论，还是投票表决，它都可以。其体验和在网页版有一定相似。
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### 在 Linux 终端里管理进程
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可以是 [htop][12]。与 top 相似，但更好用、更美观。有时候，我打开 htop 之后就让它一直运行。这样做是因为，它就是一个音乐视察器——当然，这里显示的是 RAM 和 CPU 使用情况。
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### 在 Linux 终端了管理文件
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在一个纯文本终端里并不意味着你不能享受生活的美好之物。比方说一个出色的文件浏览和管理器。基于这样的场景，[Midnight Commander][13] 则是极其好用的一个。
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### 在 Linux 终端里管理终端窗口
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如果你需要在终端里工作很长时间，你就需要一个多窗口终端了。基本上，它就是这样一个软件——可以让你将终端回话分割成一个自定义网格，让你同时使用和查看多个终端应用。对于 shell，它相当于一个瓦片时窗口管理器。我最喜欢用的就是 [tmux][14]。但 [GNU Screen][15] 也是很好用的。你可能需要花一些时间来学习怎么使用，但你会用之后，你就会迷上这样的用法。
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### 在 Linux 终端里进行讲稿演示
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不管是 LibreOffice、Google slides、gasp 或者 PowerPoint。我都会在讲稿演示软件花费很多时间。如果这类软件有一个终端版的就美妙了。它应该叫做“[文本演示程序][16]”。很显然，没有图片，只是一个使用简单标记语言将幻灯片放在一起的简单程序。它不可能让你在其中插入猫的图片，但它却可以让你在终端里进行完整的演示。
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via: http://www.networkworld.com/article/3091139/linux/who-needs-a-gui-how-to-live-in-a-linux-terminal.html#slide1
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作者：[Bryan Lunduke][a]
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译者：[GHLandy](https://github.com/GHLandy)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: http://www.networkworld.com/author/Bryan-Lunduke/
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[1]: http://www.networkworld.com/article/3083268/linux/30-days-in-a-terminal-day-0-the-adventure-begins.html
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[2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutt_(email_client)
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[3]: https://notmuchmail.org/
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[4]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpine_(email_client)
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[5]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W3m
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[6]: http://cowlark.com/wordgrinder/index.html
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[7]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cmus
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[8]: https://developer.pidgin.im/wiki/Using%20Finch
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[9]: https://github.com/tdryer/hangups
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[10]: http://www.rainbowstream.org/
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[11]: https://github.com/michael-lazar/rtv
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[12]: http://hisham.hm/htop/
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[13]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midnight_Commander
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[14]: https://tmux.github.io/
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[15]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Screen
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[16]: http://www.ngolde.de/tpp.html
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