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synced 2025-01-25 23:11:02 +08:00
Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
This commit is contained in:
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commit
e51dbd733c
@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ Nokto 没有自己的图标集，但它是一个很漂亮的黑色主题。要
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://itsfoss.com/best-themes-ubuntu-1310/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[runningwater](https://github.com/runningwater) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[runningwater](https://github.com/runningwater) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
||||
九大技巧给你的Ubuntu 13.10提速
|
||||
九大绝招让你在老机器上加速运行 Ubuntu Linux
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -12,9 +12,9 @@
|
||||
|
||||
我已经在我的Ubuntu 13.10上应用过这些技巧，但是我相信它们同样可以应用在旧版本的Ubuntu系统上，或者其他基于Ubuntu的Linux发行版，比如：Linux Mint，Elementary OS Luna等等。
|
||||
|
||||
减少grub默认的引导等待时间：
|
||||
### 减少grub默认的引导等待时间：###
|
||||
|
||||
grub默认会给你10秒钟时间来选择要引导的系统或是进入恢复模式，这对于我来说太长了。这意味着你得呆在电脑边上按下确认键来立刻引导Ubuntu。是不是觉得有点浪费时间？第一个小技巧就是改变引导时间。如果你更喜欢GUI工具，可以阅读这篇文章[通过Grub Customizer调整grub等待时间和引导顺序][1]。
|
||||
grub默认会给你10秒钟时间来选择要引导的系统或是进入恢复模式，这对于我来说太长了。这意味着你得呆在电脑边上按下确认键来立刻引导Ubuntu。是不是觉得有点浪费时间？第一个小技巧就是改变引导等待时间。如果你更喜欢GUI工具，可以阅读这篇文章[通过Grub Customizer调整grub等待时间和引导顺序][1]。
|
||||
|
||||
对其他人来说，只需要通过下面的简单命令来打开grub配置文件：
|
||||
|
||||
@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ grub默认会给你10秒钟时间来选择要引导的系统或是进入恢复
|
||||
|
||||
### 管理开机启动应用程序： ###
|
||||
|
||||
慢慢的你开始安装各种应用程序。如果你是It’s FOSS的读者，你可能安装了许多[本周最佳应用程序][2]系列里推荐的应用。这里面很多应用都会开机启动，程序运行肯定会要消耗系统资源，结果就是：一台每次开机都要很长时间的缓慢电脑。打开Unity Dash，然后找到**Startup Applications**：
|
||||
慢慢的你开始安装各种应用程序。如果你是It’s FOSS的读者，你可能安装了许多[本周最佳应用程序][2]系列里推荐的应用。这里面很多应用都会开机启动，程序运行肯定会要消耗系统资源，结果就是：一台每次开机都要很长时间的缓慢启动。打开Unity Dash，然后找到**启动应用**：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ grub默认会给你10秒钟时间来选择要引导的系统或是进入恢复
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
万一你不想从开机启动列表里移除程序呢？比如说，你安装了[Ubuntu 13.10里最好的提示插件][3]里推荐的程序，你希望它们可以在每次开机时都自动启动。这种情况可以这样处理，为应用程序的启动设定一个等待时间。这样，你可以缓解一点启动时的资源占用，而你的应用程序仍然会自动启动，在一段时间后。在前一张图中，点击Edit，然后在运行的命令中加入一个等待。例如，如果你想延迟20秒再启动Dropbox提示，只需要在当前的命令前面**增加一条命令**：
|
||||
万一你不想从开机启动列表里移除程序呢？比如说，你安装了[Ubuntu 13.10里最好的提示插件][3]里推荐的程序，你希望它们可以在每次开机时都自动启动。这种情况可以这样处理，为应用程序的启动设定一个等待时间。这样，你可以缓解一点启动时的资源占用，而你的应用程序仍然会自动启动，不是是在一段时间后。在前一张图中，点击Edit，然后在运行的命令中加入一个等待。例如，如果你想延迟20秒再启动Dropbox提示，只需要在当前的命令前面**增加一条命令**：
|
||||
|
||||
sleep 20;
|
||||
|
||||
@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ Preload是个后台程序，会分析用户的行为和常用的程序。打开
|
||||
|
||||
最好检查一下自己用来升级软件的镜像服务器是最快的。Ubuntu软件仓库在全球各地都有镜像服务器，建议选择一个离自己最近的。这样可以减少从服务器下载升级包的时间，所以软件升级会更快。
|
||||
|
||||
在**Software & Updates->Ubuntu Software tab->Download From**里选择**Other**，然后点击**Select Best Server**：
|
||||
在**软件与更新->Ubuntu 软件->下载地址**里选择**其它**，然后点击**使用最快的服务器**：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ apt-fast是用来代替“apt-get”的的一个shell脚本程序，它通过多
|
||||
sudo apt-get update
|
||||
sudo apt-get install apt-fast
|
||||
|
||||
### 从apt-get更新中移除语言相关的ign： ###
|
||||
### 从apt-get更新中移除语言相关的可忽略的包： ###
|
||||
|
||||
你有没有注意过sudo apt-get update的输出？里面有三类标志，**hit**，**ign**和**get**。你可以在[这里][6]了解它们的含义。检查一下包含IGN的行，你会发现它们大多数都是语言翻译相关的。如果你所有的程序和安装包都是英文的，那完全没有必要检查从英文到英文的安装包数据库。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ apt-fast是用来代替“apt-get”的的一个shell脚本程序，它通过多
|
||||
|
||||
### 减少系统过热： ###
|
||||
|
||||
如今，过热是计算机的一个普遍问题，一台过热的电脑运行得非常缓慢。如果你的CPU风扇跑得像尤塞恩.博尔特一样快的话，会需要超长的时间来打开一个程序。在Ubuntu 13.10中有两个工具可以帮助减少系统过热来实现更好的系统性能，TLP和CPUFREQ。
|
||||
如今，过热是计算机的一个普遍问题，一台过热的电脑运行得非常缓慢。如果你的CPU风扇跑得像尤塞恩.博尔特一样快的话，可能会需要超长的时间来打开一个程序。在Ubuntu 13.10中有两个工具可以帮助减少系统过热来实现更好的系统性能，TLP和CPUFREQ。
|
||||
|
||||
通过下面的终端命令来安装使用TLP：
|
||||
|
||||
@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ apt-fast是用来代替“apt-get”的的一个shell脚本程序，它通过多
|
||||
|
||||
### 调整LibreOffice让它运行更快： ###
|
||||
|
||||
如果你经常使用办公软件，那你应该会想调整一下默认的LibreOffice，让它运行得更快些。这里会调整一下内存选项。打开LibreOffice，然后选择**Tools->Options**，然后在左边栏里选择**Memory**，并激活**System Quickstarter**来增加内存占用。
|
||||
如果你经常使用办公软件，那你应该会想调整一下默认的LibreOffice，让它运行得更快些。这里会调整一下内存选项。打开LibreOffice，然后选择**工具->选项**，然后在左边栏里选择**内存**，并激活**系统加速器**来增加内存占用。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ apt-fast是用来代替“apt-get”的的一个shell脚本程序，它通过多
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://itsfoss.com/speed-up-ubuntu-1310/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[zpl1025](https://github.com/zpl1025) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[zpl1025](https://github.com/zpl1025) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
64
published/Hardware, software, standards.md
Normal file
64
published/Hardware, software, standards.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
|
||||
COOVA：硬件，软件和标准
|
||||
--------------------------------------------
|
||||
Coova背后的理念非常简单：给你提供可以用来管理与访问自己WiFi网络的开源并免费的工具与服务，你可以有最大的自由度去使用它们。我们的哲学就是：你不需要使用任何特别的硬件（如[FON][1]或者[Meraki][2]）或软件（如[Whisher][3]）。从本质上来说，Coova是开放并且基于标准的，也就是说它可以兼容尽可能广泛的硬件，协议与服务。Coova将“[Carrier][4]”的grade特色与服务带向了开源界与服务界。它也让笨拙的router更智能了一点--废物利用很不错，不是吗？
|
||||
|
||||
在Coova中，你可以根据你要构建的网络的种类与你访问这些网络的方式来挑选你需要的软件与服务。下面是一些Coova技术的典型应用：
|
||||
|
||||
#### 使用[CoovaAP][5]来简化[CoovaChilli][6]（或[WiFiDog][7]）的配置：
|
||||
|
||||
* 使用或者不适用CoovaAAA服务，
|
||||
* 使用RADIUS或者本机定义的用户，
|
||||
* 使用定制的“内部”入网门户，或者
|
||||
* 配置使用你自己的门户或者使用RADIUS服务。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 在[CoovaAP][5]或者你自己的固件或者服务器中使用[CoovaChilli][6]，以实现如下功能：
|
||||
|
||||
* 使用CoovaAAA或者其他门户/RADIUS服务，加强入网门户和身份认证，
|
||||
* 与多种商业服务协调工作（具体询问供应商），
|
||||
* 与802.1X身份认证整合以提供账号与访问限制。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 使用[CoovaAAA][8]管理你的网络的访问：
|
||||
|
||||
* 使用CoovaChilli/AP入网门户，
|
||||
* 使用打过补丁的WiFiDog入网门户，
|
||||
* 使用[你自己的入网门户][9]（不需要高级编程），
|
||||
* 使用我们的Facebook或者标准入网门户应用，
|
||||
* 使用商业访问控制器（如Colubris），或者
|
||||
* 使用任何支持WPA Enterprise/802.1X（如AirPort Extreme）的router.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 使用和共享你的[CoovaAAA][8]控制下的网络：
|
||||
|
||||
* 使用一个账户既登陆你的入网门户也登陆你的安全WPA Enterprise网络（使用任何支持802.1X的设备，如你的笔记本电脑或者Nokia手机）
|
||||
* 在任何与你共享过的[CoovaAAA][8]地点使用你的账号，
|
||||
* 选择性给你要共享的个人或者全体共享你的网络，或者
|
||||
* 依照[OpenID][10]登陆或者Facebook粉丝/朋友共享网络。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 在Firefox或者你的手机上各自使用[CoovaFX][11]与[CoovaSX][12]，来通过WISPr标准登陆一个入网门户和一个预先配置好的账号。WISPr被CoovaAAA，绝大部分的商业访问控制器和服务供应商支持。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 使用[JRadius][13]为你的网络编写你自己的RADIUS设置逻辑。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你正在构建一个WiFi网络，但在本网站上未找到任何可以帮助你的信息，那你可能看得不够用心。虽然已经说过，我们确实承认我们需要更多的文档。正因为如此，我们呼吁研发与用户社区在wiki，[论坛][14]和[mailing lists][15]上给我们提供帮助。注意：我们确实关闭了一些页面来阻止SPAM（垃圾邮件）来创建新的页面或者在mailing lists中请求获得更多的权限。
|
||||
|
||||
我们也希望听到更多的关于你如何使用或者在何处使用Coova的消息。实际上，我的一个朋友最近正在多米尼亚共和国度假，他很惊奇地发现在宾馆中可以找到Coova的信号。他们为他们的WiFi采用了CoovaAP技术。像这样的故事非常棒，请让他们出现在论坛中！
|
||||
|
||||
__________________________________________________________________________
|
||||
via: http://coova.org/node/133
|
||||
译者： [Hao-Ding](https://github.com/Hao-Ding) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]: https://corp.fon.com/en
|
||||
[2]: https://meraki.cisco.com/
|
||||
[3]: http://www.whisher.com/
|
||||
[4]: https://meraki.cisco.com/blog/2008/04/new-carrier-services/
|
||||
[5]: http://coova.org/CoovaAP
|
||||
[6]: http://coova.org/CoovaChilli
|
||||
[7]: http://dev.wifidog.org/
|
||||
[8]: http://coova.org/CoovaAAA
|
||||
[9]: http://coova.org/node/80
|
||||
[10]: http://coova.org/node/71
|
||||
[11]: http://www.coova.com/CoovaFX
|
||||
[12]: http://www.coova.com/CoovaSX
|
||||
[13]: http://coova.org/JRadius
|
||||
[14]: http://coova.org/forum/
|
||||
[15]: http://coova.org/MailingLists
|
||||
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
||||
在Ubuntu 13.10上怎么连接装有iOS 7的iPhone或iPad
|
||||
在Ubuntu 上怎么连接装有iOS 7的iPhone或iPad
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
在几个月前我买了一个安装了iOS 7系统的iPhone 5手机。当我试着把iPhone或者iPad连接到Linux电脑（Ubuntu和Linux Mint）上时，它能够被识别，会提示我：“是否信任这台电脑”？
|
||||
|
||||
@ -50,9 +50,9 @@
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via:
|
||||
via: http://itsfoss.com/mount-iphone-ipad-ios-7-ubuntu-13-10/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[zpl1025](https://github.com/zpl1025) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[zpl1025](https://github.com/zpl1025) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,190 +0,0 @@
|
||||
(translating by runningwater)
|
||||
10 ssh options for a Secure shell for Safe Data Communication
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
A system administrator may have managed more than 1 servers. Then those servers may located in different places. Visiting the servers one by one may not the best way to manage them. Then a remote method can be an effective way to manage them. One of the common aplication for remote activity is **SSH**.
|
||||
|
||||
### What is SSH ###
|
||||
|
||||
**SSH or Secure Shell** is a cryptographic network protocol. The data through this protocol will be encrypted to ensure that no one can read if the data leaked in the middle. To use SSH, the destination machine should have a SSH server application installed because **SSH is a client-server model**. SSH is usually used when you want to remote hosts in a secure way over the insecure network such as the Internet.
|
||||
|
||||
### Installing SSH ###
|
||||
|
||||
Modern Linux should have installed SSH by default. If its not, we can install it manually. The easiest way to install SSH is through your Linux package manager.
|
||||
|
||||
### On Debian / Ubuntu Linux based : ###
|
||||
|
||||
#### Install ssh-client ####
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install openssh-client
|
||||
|
||||
#### Install ssh-server ####
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install openssh-server
|
||||
|
||||
### On RedHat / CentOS Linux based : ###
|
||||
|
||||
# yum install openssh-server openssh-clients
|
||||
|
||||
Once SSH is installed we can check it by typing **ssh** from your Linux console.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Using SSH ###
|
||||
|
||||
SSH provides a lot of options to be used. In this article we will cover some options that may useful in day-to-day operations.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1. Run SSH without no options ####
|
||||
|
||||
A common way to use SSH is without any options. Just type “**ssh** ”. Here’s a sample :
|
||||
|
||||
$ ssh 192.168.0.103
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
When the first time you connect to destination host, ssh will confirm you about the authenticity of the destination host. If you answer No****, then SSH will not continue while **if you said Yes**, SSH will continue.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
The next time you login into the same host, SSH will not ask you a confirmation. The authenticity oft the host by default is saved under /home/user/.ssh folder in every user.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2. Specify a username for login ####
|
||||
|
||||
By default, ssh will try to connect using active user as a username. On the previous command, ssh will try to login into the server using a username named pungki. This is because user pungki on the client side, is running ssh client.
|
||||
|
||||
What about if in the destination host, there is no user named pungki? Then you must supply a username that exist in the destination host. To specify the username from the beginning, use -l option
|
||||
|
||||
$ ssh -l leni 192.168.0.103
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
We can also type like this :
|
||||
|
||||
$ ssh leni@192.168.0.0103
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3. Specify the port ####
|
||||
|
||||
**SSH default port is 22**. Most of modern Linux are open port 22. If you run ssh without defining a port, then ssh will direct the request via port 22.
|
||||
|
||||
But some system administrator may changed the default SSH port. Let say that the port now is 1234. To contact that host, use **-p** option followed by SSH port.
|
||||
|
||||
$ ssh 192.168.0.103 -p 1234
|
||||
|
||||
To change the port number, we need to modify the **/etc/ssh/ssh_config**.
|
||||
Find the line :
|
||||
|
||||
Port 22
|
||||
|
||||
Change it into another port, for example above, is 1234. Then restart the SSH service.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 4. Request compression on every data ####
|
||||
|
||||
With this option, all data which sent and received via SSH will be compressed. The data still encrypted. To use compression with SSH, use **-C** option.
|
||||
|
||||
$ ssh -C 192.168.0.103
|
||||
|
||||
This option will be useful if your connection is slow, such as using a modem. But when you are using a fast connection such as LAN or higher, than compression will be slow down your transfer rate.
|
||||
The level of compression can be controlled using **-o** option followed by **CompressionLevel** option. But this option will only applied for SSH-1.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 5. Define a cipher algorithm ####
|
||||
|
||||
SSH provides some cipher algorithms to be used. These algorithms can be seen inside **/etc/ssh/ssh_config or ~/.ssh/config file** (if exist).
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Let say you want to use **blowfish** algorithm for encrypting your SSH session. Then you can put this line into your **/etc/ssh/ssh_config or ~/.ssh/config** file :
|
||||
|
||||
Cipher blowfish
|
||||
|
||||
By default, SSH will use 3des algorithm
|
||||
|
||||
#### 6. Turn on debug mode ####
|
||||
|
||||
For some reason, we may want to debug the SSH connection that we want to create. SSH provides **-v** option to do this.
|
||||
|
||||
$ ssh -v 192.168.0.103
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### 7. Bind source address ####
|
||||
|
||||
If your client has more than 2 IP Address, you might not know which IP Address is used to create a connection to the SSH server.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
To solve this situation, we can use -b option which will bind an IP Address to SSH connection. This IP Address will be used as the source address of the connection.
|
||||
|
||||
$ ssh -b 192.168.0.200 -l leni 192.168.0.103
|
||||
|
||||
On the server side, we can check the established connection to the server using netstat. We see that 192.168.0.200 connection is established.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### 8. Use other configuration file ####
|
||||
|
||||
By default, ssh will use a ssh configuration file which located in **/etc/ssh/ssh_config**. This file is applied to system wide. If you want to apply particular setting to specific user, you should put it in **~/.ssh/config** file. If you don’t see it, you can create it.
|
||||
|
||||
Here’s a sample of a custom **ssh_config**. This config is located in **/home/pungki directory**.
|
||||
|
||||
Host 192.168.0.*
|
||||
ForwardX11 yes
|
||||
PasswordAuthentication yes
|
||||
ConnectTimeout 10
|
||||
Ciphers aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc
|
||||
Protocol 2
|
||||
HashKnownHosts yes
|
||||
|
||||
To use a specific config file, we can use **-F** option.
|
||||
|
||||
$ ssh -F /home/pungki/my_ssh_config 192.168.0.101
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 9. Use SSH X11 Forwarding ###
|
||||
|
||||
For some reason, you may want to display a X11 application on the server into your client computer. SSH provides **-X** option to do this. But in order to enable this feature, we need some preparation. Here’s the settings
|
||||
|
||||
On the server side, you need to enable line **ForwardX11 yes or X11Forward yes** in **/etc/ssh/ssh_config**. Then restart your SSH server.
|
||||
|
||||
Then on the client side, type **ssh -X user@host** :
|
||||
|
||||
$ ssh -X leni@192.168.0.101
|
||||
|
||||
Once you have logged on, you can check it by typing :
|
||||
|
||||
$ echo $DISPLAY
|
||||
|
||||
You should see something like
|
||||
|
||||
localhost:10:0
|
||||
|
||||
Then to run an application, just type the command of the application. Let say you want to run xclock application. Then type :
|
||||
|
||||
$ xclock
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
When it run, actually you are running the xclock application on the remote system, but display it on your local system.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### 10. Trusted X11 Forwading ####
|
||||
|
||||
If you pretty sure that your network is secure, then you may want to use **Trusted X11 Forwarding**. This mean that the remote X11 clients will have full access to the original X11 display. To use this option, we can use **-Y** option.
|
||||
|
||||
$ ssh -Y leni@192.168.0.101
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Conclusion ###
|
||||
|
||||
We believe that SSH is used in wide-range area. Security and flexibility is one of the SSH offer to the user. As usual we can always type **man ssh** and **man ssh_config** to display its manual pages and explore more detail.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://linoxide.com/linux-command/learn-ssh-connection-options/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[runningwater](https://github.com/runningwater) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
|
||||
crowner translating
|
||||
How to enable 32-bit support for 64-bit Ubuntu 13.10 or greater
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Most of you who use Ubuntu/Debian based distributions prefer the 64-bit mode, right? That’s because 64-bit architecture utilizes the full capabilities of your hardware. It enables you to use applications with intensive memory requirements and actually use them without having to wait for an hour after every little thing you do. Now, there are merits to 32-bit mode, most notably the fact that there are not many incompatibility problems with it. Every time Java did an update there was confusion as most users didn’t have the required libraries. In the past, some other early applications and drivers simply did not have 64-bit versions.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Vic020
|
||||
|
||||
Linux Basics: Analyze Disk Usage In Ubuntu Linux
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Dear **linux** geeks,
|
||||
|
||||
In this tutorial I will teach you how to analyze disk usage in Ubuntu. Taking care of the hard disk of your machine and running the proper analysis on it is very important to make sure that your system is healthy and that it will run in a very smooth way. To do this, we will use a nice graphical tool called **Baobab**.
|
||||
|
||||
Before going any further I must say that it is a very easy to use tool with many features and I am very sure it will meet your requirements. Baobab was part of gnome-utils, but has been standing as a standalone application since Gnome 3.4. By using this disk analyzer tool you can easily scan the home folder, filesystem and local or remote folders.
|
||||
|
||||
Everything is done with only a click! Do you like to stop the scanning process? Cool, just hit the **Stop scanning** button available on the top of the baobab’s user interface.
|
||||
|
||||
I like the simplicity of this tool and the fact that it can graphically represent data in a ring chart or a treemap chart. Now, how about installing and using it in your own machine?
|
||||
|
||||
As far as I know it should come installed by default in Ubuntu, but if not, open a new terminal (**CTRL+ALT+T**) and run the following command to install it.
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install baobab
|
||||
|
||||
After the installation is finished go to **Applications, System Tools, Disk Usage Analyzer** or launch baobab directly from the terminal by running the following command.
|
||||
|
||||
baobab
|
||||
|
||||
The following picture shows how it should look like when launched in your system.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Scan the Home folder by clicking on **Scan Home** or go to Analyzer and select Scan Home Folder option. The tool will do evrything so wait until the scan is finished and enjoy the results.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
As you can see from the above picture the baobab’s scan gives me information about the Usage of every folder in Home directory, the size and the number of items it contains. The left side shows the graphical representation as a ring chart. But if you like you can easily change it and switch to treemap chart, by selecting **View as Treemap Chart**.
|
||||
|
||||
The following picture shows an example where I am using the treemap chart representation instead of the default one, the ring chart.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
To scan the filesystem go to **Analyzer** and select Scan Filesystem, or if you are lazy like go for the smart way, hit **CTRL+F** on your keyboard.
|
||||
|
||||
Both ways work and do the same job, it is up to you which one you like to use. Shortcuts are very useful, practical and they save alot of time, but it is hard to memorize them all when you don’t use the tool everyday.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Now, how about scanning a folder? It is very easy, go under Analyzer, select Scan A Folder and select the folder you want to scan, or hit **CTRL+O**. Is there an easier way? Yes it is! Can you see the Scan a Folder button? Just click it and the scan on the specified folder will begin.
|
||||
|
||||
The following picture shows the results of my python-nmap-0.1.4 folder scanning. I get very useful information presented in a beautiful and simple way.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
You learned to scan the Home folder, the Filesystem and Folders. There is a very important feature about this tool that you don’t know yet, but I am sure you will find it yourself. Do you have any remote folder that you want to scan? Think about it.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.unixmen.com/linux-basics-analyze-disk-usage-ubuntu-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
|
||||
neartan translating
|
||||
|
||||
Windows 7 & 8 Complete Transformation Pack Out for Ubuntu, Debian 8, and Arch Linux
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
**A new version of Windows 7/8 Transformation Pack for LXDE has been made available by its developer, bringing the much needed Arch Linux support.**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Like it or not, there are a lot of people out there that really want to change their operating system so that it looks like Windows 7 or Windows 8. A developer made a transformation pack that aims to satisfy these users and to provide an experience as close as possible to the actual Windows OS.
|
||||
|
||||
The Windows 7/8 Transformation Pack for LXDE has been out for some time, but it only got some major traction in the past few months. It's also true that it's not exactly the easiest package to install, especially because it comes with a number of very specific dependencies: LXPanel, LXSession (at least version 0.4.9 for icons, gtk theme and cursor), PCManFM, Compton, Openbox, SliM, gtk2-engines-murrine, and gtk2-engines-pixbuf.
|
||||
|
||||
So far, the transformation pack works on Debian (Jessie) and Ubuntu. You won't be able to just install it in Ubuntu and you will have to get the LXDE package from the official repositories. Strangely enough, Lubuntu is not supported by this pack.
|
||||
|
||||
More information about the Windows 7/8 Transformation Pack can be found on the official [website][1].
|
||||
|
||||
Download WinAte 1.3:
|
||||
|
||||
- [WinAte 1.3 tar.gz][2][sources] [31 MB]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Windows-7-8-Complete-Transformation-Pack-Out-for-Ubuntu-Debian-8-and-Arch-Linux-431448.shtml
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://nhermosilla14.deviantart.com/art/WinAte-Windows-7-8-Transformation-Pack-for-LXDE-430156546
|
||||
[2]:https://github.com/nhermosilla14/WinAte/archive/1.3.tar.gz
|
||||
@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
|
||||
Vic020
|
||||
|
||||
Here Are Top 20 Linux Tutorials!
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Want to learn Linux but don't know where to start? Well, the internet is flooded with countless resources and tutorials that will take you on a step-by-step tour through the goodness of Linux. All you have to do is chose the right one for you, and you're good to go!
|
||||
@ -105,4 +107,4 @@ via: http://www.efytimes.com/e1/fullnews.asp?edid=132962
|
||||
[17]:http://www.aboutdebian.com/
|
||||
[18]:http://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/
|
||||
[19]:http://www.linux-tutorial.info/modules.php?name=MContent&pageid=224
|
||||
[20]:http://www.linux.org/
|
||||
[20]:http://www.linux.org/
|
||||
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
|
||||
Open Source Isn't Just For Developers Anymore
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
> Once a developer's hobby, a new survey finds open source is increasingly being driven
|
||||
|
||||
Ten years ago, open source was a developer movement for developers. Not so anymore.
|
||||
|
||||
As a new [Linux Foundation][1] survey suggests, "business managers recognize open source software as a business imperative and are taking the lead in initiating open source participation." This, in turn, refashions open source as a critical business driver, not merely an efficient way to write code.
|
||||
|
||||
### Business Inmates Running The Open Source Asylum? ###
|
||||
|
||||
Once an imitator of proprietary innovation, open source has set the agenda on industry innovation for years. The biggest trends in computing—from cloud to Big Data to mobile—are all powered by open source. And business users have taken notice.
|
||||
|
||||
Developers used to be able to get away with delivering on business requirements by leveraging open-source software, but today's business managers are openly asking for more open-source software.
|
||||
|
||||
The business reasons for getting started with open source, while different from those of developers, are compelling, according to the survey of 686 software developers and business managers:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
From the Linux Foundation survey, other interesting facts arise, each of which points to a future filled with even greater business influence and involvement in open source:
|
||||
|
||||
- 35% of software developers get started with open source and collaborative development by contributing to an open source project in their free time;
|
||||
- 44% of software developers surveyed indicate that job requirements are the top reason they started contributing;
|
||||
- Interestingly, software developers with 10 or more years of experience were more likely to have started in their free time, whereas developers with fewer than 10 years of experience were more likely to start due to job requirements.
|
||||
|
||||
The subtext in these results is clear: Business is driving more open-source development. In fact, among business managers, 44% indicated they would increase their investments in collaborative software development over the next six months, with another 42% said they planned on sustaining their current investment. No respondents said they had plans to decrease their investment.
|
||||
|
||||
### The Business Of Open Source ###
|
||||
|
||||
While some of this heady optimism for open collaborative development is fueled by specific projects like Hadoop or Android, much of it comes down to collaboration with industry peers and even competitors to solve hard technology problems. OpenStack, OpenDaylight, Eclipse and Linux are all exemplars of industry collaboration; for some companies like IBM, collaborative foundations are the new default for development entirely.
|
||||
|
||||
But the purpose behind collaborative software development has little to do with holding hands and singing "kumbaya" around a campfire. Rather, organizations look to collaborative software development to drive tangible business benefits:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
This shouldn't be shocking news. As the free and open source software movement has matured, it has tended to embrace less dogmatic licensing approaches, favoring Apache over the GNU General Public License (GPL), and to generally err on the side of adoption rather than religion. Things have moved so far, in fact, that the [GitHub generation often eschews formal licensing of any kind][2] (which, in turn, creates business problems of its own).
|
||||
|
||||
In every industry, organizations are pressed to do more with less and deliver software on far tighter timeframes than ever before. Google, for one, has said it couldn't exist as it does today without open source and open standards. Other organizations are discovering that they can't, either.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://readwrite.com/2014/03/26/open-source-development-business-managers-users-linux-foundation-study#feed=/hack&awesm=~ozHpY5jaMeoZsu
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.linuxfoundation.org/
|
||||
[2]:http://readwrite.com/2013/05/15/open-source-is-old-school-says-the-github-generation#awesm=~ozzZjjwfY7FyDr
|
||||
@ -1,63 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Daily Ubuntu Tips – Manually Install Oracle Java JDK 8 In Ubuntu
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
This brief tutorial is going to show you how to manually install Oracle Java JDK 8, which was just recently released in Ubuntu. This method will show you how to download the package from its download page and install it in Ubuntu without using external PPAs or third party sources.
|
||||
|
||||
This method doesn’t depend on third-party repository. You download it directly from Oracle’s download page and install in Ubuntu.
|
||||
|
||||
JDK 8 is a major release and the latest which features a new language called Lambda Expressions “enables you to treat functionality as a method argument, or code as date”
|
||||
|
||||
Also released with this version are collection of classes in the new java.util.stream package that provide a Stream API to support functional-style operations.
|
||||
|
||||
For more about this release, please visit the release page @ [http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/8-whats-new-2157071.html][1]
|
||||
|
||||
To get started with downloading and installing Java JDK8 in Ubuntu, visit the [download page][2] and get the latest version from there. You can to download the 32-bit or 64-bit version for you Ubuntu machine.
|
||||
|
||||
Here’s [download page][3]
|
||||
|
||||
You must accept the license agreement before downloading.
|
||||
|
||||
When you download the file, choose to save it. By default Firefox saves it downloads in the **~/Downloads** folder in Ubuntu.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Next, open the terminal and run the commands below to extract the downloaded file.
|
||||
|
||||
tar -xvf ~/Downloads/jdk-8-linux-x64.tar.gz
|
||||
|
||||
Then run the commands below to create a folder for Java JDK 8 files in the /usr/lib directory.
|
||||
|
||||
sudo mkdir -p /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0/
|
||||
|
||||
Then run the commands below to move JDK content to the new folder.
|
||||
|
||||
sudo mv jdk1.8.0/* /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0/
|
||||
|
||||
Next, run the commands below to begin configuring Java
|
||||
|
||||
sudo update-alternatives --install "/usr/bin/java" "java" "/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0/bin/java" 1
|
||||
|
||||
Then copy and paste the line below enable Javac module
|
||||
|
||||
sudo update-alternatives --install "/usr/bin/javac" "javac" "/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0/bin/javac" 1
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, copy and paste the commands below to complete the installation.
|
||||
|
||||
sudo update-alternatives --install "/usr/bin/javaws" "javaws" "/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0/bin/javaws" 1
|
||||
|
||||
To verify if Java is fully installed, run the commands below to test it.
|
||||
|
||||
java –version
|
||||
|
||||
Enjoy!
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.liberiangeek.net/2014/03/daily-ubuntu-tips-manually-install-oracle-java-jdk-8-in-ubuntu/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/8-whats-new-2157071.html
|
||||
[2]:http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html
|
||||
[3]:http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk8-downloads-2133151.html
|
||||
@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
|
||||
How To Find IP Conflicts In Linux
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
You all know what IP addresses are, right? How they are assigned to devices on a network to represent them. They are assigned by DHCP servers and the change frequently. Now there are two kinds of IP’s. The dynamic ones who change frequently (a few times a day) and the static ones who, as the name suggests, are static, as in they don’t change. Sometimes that creates conflicts. When a dynamic IP is assigned and there is already another device on the network with the same static IP. Or it can happen when there are more than one DHCP servers giving IP’s on the same network from the same subnet. If you’re having connectivity issues and suspect it is due to IP conflict you can use a tool called arp-scan to detect them.
|
||||
|
||||
This tool sends ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) packets on local network to collect the addresses. If there is multiple MAC addresses claiming the same IP address, then there is conflict.
|
||||
|
||||
To install arp-scan on Ubuntu or Debian type:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install arp-scan
|
||||
|
||||
For Fedora, CentOS or Redhat:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo yum install arp-scan
|
||||
|
||||
To detect IP conflicts, run the following:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo arp-scan –I eth0 -l
|
||||
|
||||
An output example:
|
||||
|
||||
192.168.1.10 00:1b:a9:63:a2:4c BROTHER INDUSTRIES, LTD.
|
||||
192.168.1.30 00:1e:8f:58:ec:49 CANON INC.
|
||||
192.168.1.33 00:25:4b:1b:10:20 Apple, Inc
|
||||
192.168.1.37 10:9a:dd:55:d7:95 Apple Inc
|
||||
192.168.1.38 20:c9:d0:27:8d:56 (Unknown)
|
||||
192.168.1.39 d4:85:64:4d:35:be Hewlett Packard
|
||||
192.168.1.39 00:0b:46:e4:8e:6d Cisco (DUP: 2)
|
||||
192.168.1.40 90:2b:34:18:59:c0 (Unknown)
|
||||
|
||||
In this instance, the **19.168.1.39** IP is in conflict since it appears twice.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.unixmen.com/find-ip-conflicts-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
@ -1,25 +1,25 @@
|
||||
How To Look Up Dictionary Definitions Via Terminal
|
||||
如何通过终端查询字典定义
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Most people when they find a word they’re not familiar with, they Google it. Either that or they have a favorite online dictionary that provides an answer. What happens when you have no network connectivity? Or maybe you have an older distribution of Linux and you don’t have a GUI? You need to look it up offline. A good way to do that is here.
|
||||
大多数人在遇到他们不熟悉的单词时会查询google。或者他们有一个最喜欢的在线字典来提供答案。当你在没有网络连接的时候怎么办？或者你只有一个古老的Linux发行版且你没有GUI界面？你需要离线查找。一个好的方法在这里。
|
||||
|
||||
First you need to set up dictd locally. **Dictd** is a dictionary database server. It allows you to access online dictionaries. But wait, that’s what we wanted to avoid, right? A connection over the Internet. That’s why you set it up on localhost. It comes with a command-line client.
|
||||
首先你需要本地设置dicted。**Dicted** 是一个字典数据库服务器。它允许你访问在线字典。但是等一下，这是我们希望避免的，对么？一个通过因特网的连接。这是为什么你要在本地设置。这是一个命令行客户端。
|
||||
|
||||
To install dictd on Ubuntu or Debian you type:
|
||||
要在Ubuntu或者Debian上安装你要输入：
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install dictd
|
||||
|
||||
That was easy. Now you need to install dictionaries for it to use. After each dictionary addition dictd will automatically restart to reload its databases. Let’s say we want to install the English dictionary and an English thesaurus (look up synonyms).
|
||||
这个很简单。现在你需要安装用的字典。安装完每个字典插件后dicted都会自动重启加载它的数据库。让我们来英语字典和英语词库（查询近义词）
|
||||
|
||||
Type:
|
||||
输入：
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install dict-gcide
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install dict-moby-thesaurus
|
||||
|
||||
If you want another language you can check the other packages by typing:
|
||||
如果你希望查询其他可以查询的语言，你可以输入：
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-cache search “dict package”
|
||||
|
||||
That will give you a list like:
|
||||
这会列出下面这样的：
|
||||
|
||||
dict-freedict-eng-ara - Dict package for English-Arabic Freedict dictionary
|
||||
dict-freedict-eng-cro - Dict package for English-Croatian Freedict dictionary
|
||||
@ -27,13 +27,13 @@ That will give you a list like:
|
||||
dict-freedict-eng-deu - Dict package for English-German Freedict dictionary
|
||||
dict-freedict-eng-fra - Dict package for English-French Freedict dictionary
|
||||
|
||||
Now after that you have successfully installed dictd and can look up definitions.
|
||||
你成功安装完成dicted之后你可以查找定义。
|
||||
|
||||
First, let’s check if dictd server is running and what databases are installed:
|
||||
首先，让我们检查一下dicted服务是否在运行并且安装了什么数据库：
|
||||
|
||||
$ dict -I
|
||||
|
||||
Example of output:
|
||||
示例输出：
|
||||
|
||||
dictd 1.12.0/rf on Linux 3.2.0-29-generic-pae
|
||||
On my_host: up 95.000, 2 forks (75.8/hour)
|
||||
@ -42,16 +42,16 @@ Example of output:
|
||||
gcide 203645 3859 kB 12 MB 38 MB
|
||||
moby-thesaurus 30263 528 kB 10 MB 28 MB
|
||||
|
||||
To look up a word definition you need to use a particular dictionary of those you have installed. Let’s check the English one (gcide):
|
||||
为了查询一个你需要的单词定义，你需要使用一个你已经安装的特别字典。让我们检查一下英语（gcid）：
|
||||
|
||||
$ dict -d gcide [word you want to look up]
|
||||
|
||||
If you don’t use the **-d** parameter dictd will search all available databases and return matched definitions.
|
||||
如果你不使用**-d** 参数，dicted会搜寻所有的已有数据库并返回匹配的定义。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.unixmen.com/look-dictionary-definitions-via-terminal/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Linux Commands Cheat Sheet in Black & White
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Keep this linux cheat sheet on your desk printed , I am sure you will learn them quick and will be a linux expert very soon. We have added had both pdf and image (png) format of the cheat sheet. Please keep us posted if you need us to add more commands. Command are categorized 13 sections according its usage.We have designed the command in white color with black background as we often use on linux shell. We have added bit red color for attraction :-).
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://linoxide.com/linux-command/linux-commands-cheat-sheet/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
|
||||
intermerlin Translating
|
||||
|
||||
What Options you use for Linux killall Command ? I have 5 Options
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Linux command line offers various commands to kill a process. For example, the ‘kill’ command can be used to kill a process by passing its PID as an argument, the ‘pkill’ command takes a pattern as an input and all the matching running processes are killed. But there exists a command ‘killall’, which exactly matches the argument name by default, and kills the matching process. In this article, we will discuss this command with some practical examples.
|
||||
@ -154,4 +156,4 @@ via: http://linoxide.com/linux-command/linux-killall-my-options/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
|
||||
用作安全数据通信的 Secure shell 的10个 ssh 命令选项
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
一个系统管理员可能会同时管理着多台服务器，这些服务器也许会放在不同的地方。要亲自一台一台的去访问来管理她们显然不是最好的方法，通过远程控制的方法应该是最有效的。远程访问最通用的一款应用程序是 **SSH**。
|
||||
|
||||
### SSH 是什么 ###
|
||||
|
||||
**SSH（全称 Secure Shell)**是一种加密的网络协议。使用该协议的数据将被加密，如果在传输中间数据泄漏，也可以确保没有人能读取出有用信息。要使用 SSH，目标机器应该安装 SSH 服务端应用程序，因为 **SSH 是基于客户-服务模式的。** 当你想安全的远程到主机，可中间的网络（比如因特网）并不安全，通常这种情况下就会使用 SSH。
|
||||
|
||||
### 安装 SSH ###
|
||||
|
||||
的 Linux 系统默认已经安装了 SSH。如果碰巧你的机器没装，我们可以手工来安装一下。最简单的方式就是使用 Linux 包管理器。
|
||||
|
||||
### 基于 Debian / Ubuntu 的系统 : ###
|
||||
|
||||
#### 安装 ssh-client ####
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install openssh-client
|
||||
|
||||
#### 安装 ssh-server ####
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install openssh-server
|
||||
|
||||
### 基于 RedHat / CentOS 的系统 : ###
|
||||
|
||||
# yum install openssh-server openssh-clients
|
||||
|
||||
SSH 一旦安装上，我们就可以在终端下输入 **ssh** 来检查下安装的是否正常。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 使用 SSH ###
|
||||
|
||||
提供了许多可使用的选项。这篇文章会介绍一些我们在日常操作中经常使用的选项。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1. 无选项参数运行 SSH ####
|
||||
|
||||
通常使用 SSH 的方式就是不加任何选项参数,仅仅输入 "**ssh**"。下面是示例：
|
||||
|
||||
$ ssh 192.168.0.103
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
第一次连接目标主机时，ssh 会让你确认目标主机的真实性。如果你回答的是 **NO**，SSH 将不会继续连接，只有回答 **Yes** 才会继续。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
下一次再登陆此主机时，SSH 就不会提示确认消息了。对此主机的真实验证信息已经默认保存在每个用户的 /home/user/.ssh 文件里。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2. 指定登陆用户 ####
|
||||
|
||||
默认的，ssh 会尝试用当前用户作为用户名来连接。在上面的示例命令中，ssh 会尝试用用户名叫 pungki 的用户身份来登入服务器，这是因为用户 pungki 正在客户机上使用 ssh 客服端软件。
|
||||
|
||||
假如目标主机上没有叫 pungki 的用户呢？这时你就必须提供一个目标主机上存在的用户名。从一开始就要指定用户名的，可以使用 -l 选项参数。
|
||||
|
||||
$ ssh -l leni 192.168.0.103
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
我们也可以这样输入：
|
||||
|
||||
$ ssh leni@192.168.0.0103
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3. 指定端口 ####
|
||||
|
||||
**SSH 默认使用的端口号是 22。**大多现代的 Linux 系统 22 端口都是开放的。如果你运行 ssh 程序而没有指定端口号，它直接就是通过 22 端口发送请求的。
|
||||
|
||||
一些系统管理员会改变 SSH 的默认端口号。让我们试试，现在端口号是 1234.要连上那主机，就要使用 ***-p** 选项，后面在加上 SSH 端口号。
|
||||
|
||||
$ ssh 192.168.0.103 -p 1234
|
||||
|
||||
要改变端口号，我们需要修改 **/etc/ssh/ssh_config** 文件，找到此行：
|
||||
|
||||
Port 22
|
||||
|
||||
把它换成其他的端口号，比如上面示例的 1234 端口，然后重启 SSH 服务。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 4.对所有数据请求压缩 ####
|
||||
|
||||
有了这个选项，所有通过 SSH 发送或接收的数据将会被压缩，并且任然是加密的。要使用 SSH 的压缩功能，使用 **-C** 选项。
|
||||
|
||||
$ ssh -C 192.168.0.103
|
||||
|
||||
如果你的连网速度很慢的话，比如用 modem 上网，这个选项非常有用。但如果你使用的是像 LAN 或其它更高级网络的话，压缩反而会降低你的传输速度。可以使用 **-o** 选项加上**压缩级别参数**来控制压缩的级别，但这个选项仅仅只在 SSH-1 下起作用。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 5. 指定一个加密算法 ####
|
||||
|
||||
SSH 提供了一些可用的加密算法。可以在 **/etc/ssh/ssh_config or ~/.ssh/config ** 文件中看到（如果存在的话）。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
让我们试试比如你想使用 **blowfish** 算法来加密你的 SSH 会话，那么你只要把这一行加入你的 **/etc/ssh/ssh_config or ~/.ssh/config** 文件就可以：
|
||||
|
||||
Cipher blowfish
|
||||
|
||||
默认的，SSH 会使用 3des 算法。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 6. 打开调试模式 ####
|
||||
|
||||
因为某些原因，我们想要追踪调试我们建立的 SSH 连接情况。SSH 提供的 **-v** 选项参数正是为此而设的。
|
||||
|
||||
$ ssh -v 192.168.0.103
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### 7. 绑定源地址 ####
|
||||
|
||||
如果你的客服端有多于两个以上的 IP 地址，你就不可能分得清楚在使用哪一个 IP 连接到 SSH 服务器。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
为了解决这种情况，我们可以使用 **-b** 选项来绑定一个IP 地址。这个 IP 将会被使用做建立连接的源地址。
|
||||
|
||||
$ ssh -b 192.168.0.200 -l leni 192.168.0.103
|
||||
|
||||
服务端，我们可以使用 netstat 命令来检查到服务的连接是否建立。可以看到 IP 为 192.168.0.200 的连接已经建立。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### 8. 使用其他配置文件 ####
|
||||
|
||||
默认情况下，ssh 会使用位于 **/etc/ssh/ssh_config** 的配置文件。这个配置文件作用于系统的所有用户。但你想要为特定的用户指定特殊的设置的话，可以把配置放入 **~/.ssh/config** 文件中。如果此文件不存在，可以手工创建一个。
|
||||
|
||||
下面是一个通用 **ssh_config** 文件配置的例子。这配置文件位于 **/home/pungki** 目录下。
|
||||
|
||||
Host 192.168.0.*
|
||||
ForwardX11 yes
|
||||
PasswordAuthentication yes
|
||||
ConnectTimeout 10
|
||||
Ciphers aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc
|
||||
Protocol 2
|
||||
HashKnownHosts yes
|
||||
|
||||
要使用指定的配置文件，可以使用 **-F** 选项。
|
||||
|
||||
$ ssh -F /home/pungki/my_ssh_config 192.168.0.101
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 9. 使用 SSH X11 Forwarding ###
|
||||
|
||||
某些时候，你可能想把服务端的 X11 应用程序显示到客服端计算机上，SSH 提供了 **-X** 选项。但要启用这功能，我们需要做些准备，下面是它的设置：
|
||||
|
||||
在服务器端，你需要使 **/etc/ssh/ssh_config** 文件中的行设置成 **ForwardX11 yes 或者 X11Forwad yes**，以启用 X11 Forwarding，重启 SSH 服务程序。
|
||||
|
||||
然后在客服端，输入 **ssh -X user@host**:
|
||||
|
||||
$ ssh -X leni@192.168.0.101
|
||||
|
||||
一旦登陆，可以输入：
|
||||
|
||||
$ echo $DISPLAY
|
||||
|
||||
来检查，你应该可以看到向如下所示的
|
||||
|
||||
localhost:10:0
|
||||
|
||||
随后就可以运行应用了，仅仅只能输入应用程序的命令。让我们试试，比如想运行 xclock 程序，输入：
|
||||
|
||||
$ xclock
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
它就运行起来了，xclock 确实是运行在远端系统的，但它在你的本地系统里显示了。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### 10. 可信任的 X11 转发 ####
|
||||
|
||||
如果你敢肯定你的网络是安全的，那么你可以使用**可信任的 X11 转发机制**。这意味着远程的 X11 客服端可以完全的访问源 X11 显示内容。要使用此功能，可以使用 **-Y** 选项。
|
||||
|
||||
$ ssh -Y leni@192.168.0.101
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 结论 ###
|
||||
|
||||
我们相信 SSH 的使用范围非常之广。SSH 给用户提供了网络连接的极大安全性和灵活性。通常我们都会输入 **man ssh** 和 **man ssh_config** 来显示它的用户手册及查看更多的细节。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://linoxide.com/linux-command/learn-ssh-connection-options/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[runningwater](https://github.com/runningwater) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
|
||||
# Hardware, software, standards(硬件，软件，标准)
|
||||
|
||||
Coova背后的理念非常简单：给你提供可以用来管理与访问自己WiFi网络的开源并免费的工具与服务，你可以有最大的自由度去使用它们。我们的哲学就是：你不需要使用任何特别的硬件（如[FON][1]或者[Meraki][2]）或软件（如[Whisher][3]）。从本质上来说，Coova是开放并且基于标准的，也就是说它可以兼容尽可能广泛的硬件，协议与服务。Coova将“[Carrier][4]”的grade特色与服务带向了开源界与服务界。它也让笨拙的router更智能了一点--废物利用很不错，不是吗？
|
||||
|
||||
在Coova中，你可以根据你要构建的网络的种类与你访问这些网络的方式来挑选你需要的软件与服务。下面是一些Coova技术的典型应用：
|
||||
|
||||
#### 使用[CoovaAP][5]来简化[CoovaChilli][6]（或[WiFiDog][7]）的配置：
|
||||
* 使用或者不适用CoovaAAA服务，
|
||||
* 使用RADIUS或者本机定义的用户，
|
||||
* 使用定制的“内部”入网门户，或者
|
||||
* 配置使用你自己的门户或者使用RADIUS服务。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 在[CoovaAP][5]或者你自己的固件或者服务器中使用[CoovaChilli][6]，以实现如下功能：
|
||||
* 使用CoovaAAA或者其他门户/RADIUS服务，加强入网门户和身份认证，
|
||||
* 与多种商业服务协调工作（具体询问供应商），
|
||||
* 与802.1X身份认证整合以提供账号与访问限制。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 使用[CoovaAAA][8]管理你的网络的访问：
|
||||
* 使用CoovaChilli/AP入网门户，
|
||||
* 使用打过补丁的WiFiDog入网门户，
|
||||
* 使用[你自己的入网门户][9]（不需要高级编程），
|
||||
* 使用我们的Facebook或者标准入网门户应用，
|
||||
* 使用商业访问控制器（如Colubris），或者
|
||||
* 使用任何支持WPA Enterprise/802.1X（如AirPort Extreme）的router.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 使用和共享你的[CoovaAAA][8]控制下的网络：
|
||||
* 使用一个账户既登陆你的入网门户也登陆你的安全WPA Enterprise网络（使用任何支持802.1X的设备，如你的笔记本电脑或者Nokia手机）
|
||||
* 在任何与你共享过的[CoovaAAA][8]地点使用你的账号，
|
||||
* 选择性给你要共享的个人或者全体共享你的网络，或者
|
||||
* 依照[OpenID][10]登陆或者Facebook粉丝/朋友共享网络。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 在Firefox或者你的手机上各自使用[CoovaFX][11]与[CoovaSX][12]，来通过WISPr标准登陆一个入网门户和一个预先配置好的账号。WISPr被CoovaAAA，绝大部分的商业访问控制器和服务供应商支持。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 使用[JRadius][13]为你的网络编写你自己的RADIUS设置逻辑。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你正在构建一个WiFi网络，但在本网站上未找到任何可以帮助你的信息，那你可能看得不够用心。虽然已经说过，我们确实承认我们需要更多的文档。正因为如此，我们呼吁研发与用户社区在wiki，[论坛][14]和[mailing lists][15]上给我们提供帮助。注意：我们确实关闭了一些页面来阻止SPAM（垃圾邮件）来创建新的页面或者在mailing lists中请求获得更多的权限。
|
||||
|
||||
我们也希望听到更多的关于你如何使用或者在何处使用Coova的消息。实际上，我的一个朋友最近正在多米尼亚共和国度假，他很惊奇地发现在宾馆中可以找到Coova的信号。他们为他们的WiFi采用了CoovaAP技术。像这样的故事非常棒，请让他们出现在论坛中！
|
||||
|
||||
__________________________________________________________________________
|
||||
via: http://coova.org/node/133
|
||||
译者： [Hao-Ding](https://github.com/Hao-Ding) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]: https://corp.fon.com/en
|
||||
[2]: https://meraki.cisco.com/
|
||||
[3]: http://www.whisher.com/
|
||||
[4]: https://meraki.cisco.com/blog/2008/04/new-carrier-services/
|
||||
[5]: http://coova.org/CoovaAP
|
||||
[6]: http://coova.org/CoovaChilli
|
||||
[7]: http://dev.wifidog.org/
|
||||
[8]: http://coova.org/CoovaAAA
|
||||
[9]: http://coova.org/node/80
|
||||
[10]: http://coova.org/node/71
|
||||
[11]: http://www.coova.com/CoovaFX
|
||||
[12]: http://www.coova.com/CoovaSX
|
||||
[13]: http://coova.org/JRadius
|
||||
[14]: http://coova.org/forum/
|
||||
[15]: http://coova.org/MailingLists
|
||||
38
translated/How To Find IP Conflicts In Linux.md
Normal file
38
translated/How To Find IP Conflicts In Linux.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
|
||||
如何在Linux中找出IP地址冲突
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
你们都知道什么是IP地址，是吧？它们怎样被分配给网络上的设备来代表它们。它们通过DHCP服务器分配并且会经常改变。现在有两种IP地址。动态的一种会经常改变（几天一次），而静态的就如它的名字那样是静态的，意味着它们不会改变。有时这会引发一些冲突。当一个动态IP被分配了并且有另外一台网络设备已经拥有了相同的IP。或者在相同网络子网上有多台分配IP的DHCP服务器。如果你有连通问题并且假设它是由于IP冲突造成的，那么你可以使用一个工具称作arp-scan来扫描它们。
|
||||
|
||||
这个工具会在本地网络发送ARP（Address Resolution Protocol）(地址解析协议)包来收集地址。如果有多个MAC地址声称拥有相同的IP地址，那么这里就存在冲突。
|
||||
|
||||
要在Ubuntu或者Debian上安装arp-scan则输入：
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install arp-scan
|
||||
|
||||
对于Fedora，CentOS或者RedHat：
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo yum install arp-scan
|
||||
|
||||
要检测IP冲突，运行下面的命令:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo arp-scan –I eth0 -l
|
||||
|
||||
输出示例：
|
||||
|
||||
192.168.1.10 00:1b:a9:63:a2:4c BROTHER INDUSTRIES, LTD.
|
||||
192.168.1.30 00:1e:8f:58:ec:49 CANON INC.
|
||||
192.168.1.33 00:25:4b:1b:10:20 Apple, Inc
|
||||
192.168.1.37 10:9a:dd:55:d7:95 Apple Inc
|
||||
192.168.1.38 20:c9:d0:27:8d:56 (Unknown)
|
||||
192.168.1.39 d4:85:64:4d:35:be Hewlett Packard
|
||||
192.168.1.39 00:0b:46:e4:8e:6d Cisco (DUP: 2)
|
||||
192.168.1.40 90:2b:34:18:59:c0 (Unknown)
|
||||
|
||||
在本例中，**192.168.1.39**这个IP冲突了，因为它出现了两次。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.unixmen.com/find-ip-conflicts-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
|
||||
Linux基础：Ubuntu磁盘状态分析
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
亲爱的**linux**Geek们，
|
||||
|
||||
在这篇文章中，将教你们如何在Ubuntu中对磁盘使用情况进行分析。为了系统的健康，时常关心机器的硬盘，适当的运行一些分析是非常重要的，当然，运行这些分析是很容易的。为了完成分析，我们将使用一款非常棒的图形工具，名叫**Baobab**。
|
||||
|
||||
在进一步之前，我必须声明它是如此的使用简单，功能齐全，我确定它就是你想要的。Baobab是gnome-utils的一部分，但是自从Gnome3.4版本后，已经作为独立应用。通过使用这个磁盘分析工具，你可以轻松扫描文件夹，文件系统，不单是本地，远程目录一样可以轻松分析。
|
||||
|
||||
所有事只需一次点击！想要停止扫描？简单，看着baobab用户界面，轻点**Stop scanning**按钮，搞定。
|
||||
|
||||
我喜欢这个工具的简单性并且可以图形化表示数据，像饼状图和树形图。那么怎么样在我的机器安装和使用它呢？
|
||||
|
||||
据我所知，ubuntu已经默认安装，如果没有，打开一个新终端（**CTRL+ALT+T**）,然后运行下列命令来安装它。
|
||||
sudo apt-get install baobab
|
||||
|
||||
安装完毕后，会分类至**应用程序, 系统工具, 磁盘分析器**，或者，直接使用下列命令，在终端中运行baobab。
|
||||
|
||||
baobab
|
||||
|
||||
下列图片显示了当它在你的机器运行时长什么样。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
如需扫描Home目录，点击**Scan Home**或者Analyzer->Scan Home Folder选项。完成扫描后，工具会做很多分析，享受这个分析吧！
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
正如上图所见，baobab扫描结果给我们了很多信息，包括Home中每一个文件夹的使用情况，大小，所拥有文件数。右边有一个饼状示意图。如果你喜欢，选择上方的**View as Treemap Chart**，你可以轻松地把它换成树状图。
|
||||
|
||||
下图显示的是，选择树状图代替默认的饼状图的例子。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
如需扫描文件系统，选择Analyzer->Scan Filesystem,或者如果你是懒汉，还有一个更聪明的办法，快捷键**CTRL+F**。
|
||||
|
||||
选择你喜欢的方式，两个方法都会起效并做同样的扫描。快捷键的确易用省时，但是如果不是天天用这个工具，也很难同时记住所有快捷键。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
如何扫描文件夹？简单！Analyzer-> Scan A Folder -> 选择你想要扫描的文件夹，快捷键是**CTRL+O**。是不是非常简单？是的！看见Scan a Folder按钮了吗？点击他扫描就开始了！
|
||||
|
||||
下图显示了扫描完python-nmap-0.1.4后的结果。得到了一个漂亮有用的信息列表。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
你已经学会了扫描Home目录，文件系统和指定文件夹。这里还有个一个重要的功能，还没有告诉你，但是我确定你一定可以自己找到它。你是不是有远程文件夹需要扫描？发挥脑力吧！
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.unixmen.com/linux-basics-analyze-disk-usage-ubuntu-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[Vic___](http://www.vicyu.net) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
13
translated/Linux Commands Cheat Sheet in Black & White.md
Normal file
13
translated/Linux Commands Cheat Sheet in Black & White.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
|
||||
Linux 命令黑白备忘录
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
在你的桌面上保留一份打印的备忘录，我保证你会很快学会并成为一个专家。我们已经同时加入pdf和图片(png)两种格式的备忘录。如果你需要我们加入更多命令请保留我们的文章。命令依据它们的用途被分类成13类。我们将命令设计在如我们经常使用的linux shell那样的黑底白字。我们还加入了一些红色来提升注意。:-)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://linoxide.com/linux-command/linux-commands-cheat-sheet/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[geekpi](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu, Debian 8, 和Arch Linux 上的仿Windows 7 & 8 桌面美化包
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
**开发者完成了新的仿Windows 7/8 的LXDE美化包，并且支持了呼声很高的Arch Linux。 **
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
不管你喜不喜欢，还是有很多人乐意把他们的系统美化成Windows 7或者Windows 8的界面。开发者制作了一个美化包能让这些用户安全的转换，并且尽量模仿了Windows 系统的界面。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
LXDE的仿Windows 7/8美化包已经存在了一段时间，但是它在过去几个月仅仅得到了有限的影响，而且安装它也不是那么容易。因为它存在着很特殊的依赖性：必须安装LXPanel, LXSession (需要最新的0.4.9版本来更换图标、gtk主题和光标), PCManFM, Compton, Openbox, SliM, gtk2-engines-murrine 和gtk2-engines-pixbuf.
|
||||
|
||||
目前这个美化包能运行在Debian (Jessie) 和Ubuntu 上，你只需要在官方仓库上下载LXDE的包安装即可。奇怪的是，这个包不支持Lubuntu。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
关于仿Windows 7/8 美化包的更多信息请访问[官网][1]
|
||||
|
||||
下载 WinAte 1.3
|
||||
|
||||
- [WinAte 1.3 tar.gz][2][源码] [31 MB]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Windows-7-8-Complete-Transformation-Pack-Out-for-Ubuntu-Debian-8-and-Arch-Linux-431448.shtml
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[NearTan](https://github.com/NearTan) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://nhermosilla14.deviantart.com/art/WinAte-Windows-7-8-Transformation-Pack-for-LXDE-430156546
|
||||
[2]:https://github.com/nhermosilla14/WinAte/archive/1.3.tar.gz
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
|
||||
日常 Ubuntu 小技巧 - 在 Ubuntu 中手工安装 Oracle 的 Java JDK 8
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
这篇简短的教程将会演示如何在 Ubuntu 系统中安装 Oracle 公司最新发布的 Java JDK 8.这儿使用的方法是教你如何从下载页面下载安装包，然后在 Ubuntu 中安装，并未使用通过从外部的 PPA 或者从第三方源代码的安装方法。
|
||||
|
||||
这种方法不需要依赖于第三方的源仓库。你只需要从 Oracle 的官方下载页直接下载，然后安装就行。
|
||||
|
||||
JDK 8 是一个重要的发行版本，也加入了最新的叫做 Lambda 表达式的新语言功能，此功能可以“把一个功能函数当作一个方法参数或者代码块当作日期类型”。
|
||||
|
||||
这一个版本也发布了一个新的 java.util.stream 包类集合，提供了基于流的 API，用来支持函数式操作的功能。
|
||||
|
||||
关于此次发布版本的更多信息，请访问它的发布主页 @ [http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/8-whats-new-2157071.html][1]
|
||||
|
||||
要下载和安装 Java JDK8，请访问[下载页][2]获得最新的发行版本。根据你机器的 Ubuntu 系统的情况可以选择下载 32 位或 64 位的发行版本。
|
||||
|
||||
这儿是[下载页面][3]
|
||||
|
||||
在下载之前，您必须接受许可协议。
|
||||
|
||||
下载文件，保存。在 Ubuntu 系统中 Firefox 浏览器会把它下载的东西自动保存到 **~/Downloads** 目录下。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
第二步，打开终端运行如下命令来解压下载的文件。
|
||||
|
||||
tar -xvf ~/Downloads/jdk-8-linux-x64.tar.gz
|
||||
|
||||
然后运行如下的命令，在 /usr/lib 目录中创建一个为保存 Java JDK 8 文件的目录。
|
||||
|
||||
sudo mkdir -p /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0/
|
||||
|
||||
接下来运行如下命令把解压的 JDK 文件内容都移动到创建的目录中。
|
||||
|
||||
sudo mv jdk1.8.0/* /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0/
|
||||
|
||||
下一步，运行如下命令来配置 Java
|
||||
|
||||
sudo update-alternatives --install "/usr/bin/java" "java" "/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0/bin/java" 1
|
||||
|
||||
接下来，拷贝和粘贴下面这一行到终端执行，以启用 Javac 模块。
|
||||
|
||||
sudo update-alternatives --install "/usr/bin/javac" "javac" "/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0/bin/javac" 1
|
||||
|
||||
最后，拷贝和粘贴下面一行到终端以完成最终的安装。
|
||||
|
||||
sudo update-alternatives --install "/usr/bin/javaws" "javaws" "/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0/bin/javaws" 1
|
||||
|
||||
要验证下 Java 是否已经完全安装的话，可以运行下面的命令来测试。
|
||||
|
||||
java –version
|
||||
|
||||
敬请享受吧！
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.liberiangeek.net/2014/03/daily-ubuntu-tips-manually-install-oracle-java-jdk-8-in-ubuntu/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[runningwater](https://github.com/runningwater) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/8-whats-new-2157071.html
|
||||
[2]:http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html
|
||||
[3]:http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk8-downloads-2133151.html
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user