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Translated tech/20151123 How to Install Cockpit in Fedora or CentOS o…
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ictlyh Translating
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How to Install Cockpit in Fedora / CentOS / RHEL/ Arch Linux
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================================================================================
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Cockpit is a free and open source server management software that makes us easy to administer our GNU/Linux servers via its beautiful web interface frontend. Cockpit helps make linux system administrator, system maintainers and DevOps easy to manage their server and to perform simple tasks, such as administering storage, inspecting journals, starting and stopping services and more. Its journal interface adds aroma in flower making people easy to switch between the terminal and web interface. And moreover, it makes easy to manage not only one server but several multiple networked servers from a single place at the same time with just a single click. It is very light weight and has easy to use web based interface. In this tutorial, we'll learn how we can setup Cockpit and use it to manage our server running Fedora, CentOS, Arch Linux and RHEL distributions as their operating system software. Some of the awesome benefits of Cockpit in our GNU/Linux servers are as follows:
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1. It consist of systemd service manager for ease.
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1. It has a Journal log viewer to perform troubleshoots and log analysis.
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1. Storage setup including LVM was never easier before.
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1. Basic Network configuration can be applied with Cockpit
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1. We can easily add and remove local users and manage multiple servers.
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### 1. Installing Cockpit ###
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First of all, we'll need to setup Cockpit in our linux based server. In most of the distributions, the cockpit package is already available in their official repositories. Here, in this tutorial, we'll setup Cockpit in Fedora 22, CentOS 7, Arch Linux and RHEL 7 from their official repositories.
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#### On CentOS / RHEL ####
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Cockpit is available in the official repository of CenOS and RHEL. So, we'll simply install it using yum manager. To do so, we'll simply run the following command under sudo/root access.
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# yum install cockpit
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#### On Fedora 22/21 ####
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Alike, CentOS, it is also available by default in Fedora's official repository, we'll simply install cockpit using dnf package manager.
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# dnf install cockpit
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#### On Arch Linux ####
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Cockpit is currently not available in the official repository of Arch Linux but it is available in the Arch User Repository also know as AUR. So, we'll simply run the following yaourt command to install it.
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# yaourt cockpit
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### 2. Starting and Enabling Cockpit ###
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After we have successfully installed it, we'll gonna start the cockpit server with our service/daemon manager. As of 2015, most of the linux distributions have adopted Systemd whereas some of the linux distributions still run SysVinit to manage daemon, but Cockpit uses systemd for almost everything from running daemons to services. So, we can only setup Cockpit in the latest releases of linux distributions running Systemd. In order to start Cockpit and make it start in every boot of the system, we'll need to run the following command in a terminal or a console.
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# systemctl start cockpit
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# systemctl enable cockpit.socket
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Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/sockets.target.wants/cockpit.socket to /usr/lib/systemd/system/cockpit.socket.
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### 3. Allowing Firewall ###
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After we have started our cockpit server and enable it to start in every boot, we'll now go for configuring firewall. As we have firewall programs running in our server, we'll need to allow ports in order to make cockpit accessible outside of the server.
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#### On Firewalld ####
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# firewall-cmd --add-service=cockpit --permanent
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success
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# firewall-cmd --reload
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success
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#### On Iptables ####
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# iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
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# service iptables save
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### 4. Accessing Cockpit Web Interface ###
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Next, we'll gonna finally access the Cockpit web interface using a web browser. We'll simply need to point our web browser to https://ip-address:9090 or https://server.domain.com:9090 according to the configuration. Here, in our tutorial, we'll gonna point our browser to https://128.199.114.17:9090 as shown in the image below.
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We'll be displayed an SSL certification warning as we are using a self-signed SSL certificate. So, we'll simply ignore it and go forward towards the login page, in chrome/chromium, we'll need to click on Show Advanced and then we'll need to click on **Proceed to 128.199.114.17 (unsafe)** .
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Now, we'll be asked to enter the login details in order to enter into the dashboard. Here, the username and password is the same as that of the login details we use to login to our linux server. After we enter the login details and click on Log In button, we will be welcomed into the Cockpit Dashboard.
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Here, we'll see all the menu and visualization of CPU, Disk, Network, Storage usages of the server. We'll see the dashboard as shown above.
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#### Services ####
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To manage services, we'll need to click on Services button on the menu situated in the right side of the web page. Then, we'll see the services under 5 categories, Targets, System Services, Sockets, Timers and Paths.
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#### Docker Containers ####
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We can even manage docker containers with Cockpit. It is pretty easy to monitor and administer Docker containers with Cockpit. As docker isn't installed and running in our server, we'll need to click on Start Docker.
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Cockpit will automatically install and run docker in our server. After its running, we see the following screen. Then, we can manage the docker images, containers as per our requirement.
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#### Journal Log Viewer ####
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Cockpit has a managed log viewer which separates the Errors, Warnings, Notices into different tabs. And we also have a tab All where we can see them all in a single place.
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#### Networking ####
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Under the networking section, we see two graphs in which there is the visualization of Sending and Receiving speed. And we can see there the list of available interfaces with option to Add Bond, Bridge, VLAN. If we need to configure an interface, we can do so by simply clicking on the interface name. Below everything, we can see the Journal Log Viewer for Networking.
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#### Storage ####
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Now, its easy with Cockpit to see the R/W speed of our hard disk. We can see the Journal log of the Storage in order to perform troubleshoot and fixes. A clear visualization bar of how much space is occupied is shown in the page. We can even Unmount, Format, Delete a partition of a Hard Disk and more. Features like creating RAID Device, Volume Group is also available in it.
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#### Account Management ####
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We can easily create new accounts with Cockpit Web Interface. The accounts created in it is applied to the system's user account. We can change password, specify roles, delete, rename user accounts with it.
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#### Live Terminal ####
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This is an awesome feature built-in with Cockpit. Yes, we can execute commands, do stuffs with the live terminal provided by Cockpit interface. This makes us really easy to switch between the web interface and terminal according to our need.
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### Conclusion ###
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Cockpit is a good free and open source software developed by [Red Hat][1] for making the server management easy and simple. It is best for performing simple system administration tasks and is good for the new system administrators. It is still under pre-release as its stable release hasn't been released yet. So, it is not suitable for production. It is currently developed on the latest release of Fedora, CentOS, Arch Linux, RHEL where systemd is installed by default. If you are willing to install Cockpit in Ubuntu, you can get the PPA access but is currently outdated. If you have any questions, suggestions, feedback please write them in the comment box below so that we can improve or update our contents. Thank You !
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://linoxide.com/linux-how-to/install-cockpit-fedora-centos-rhel-arch-linux/
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作者：[Arun Pyasi][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://linoxide.com/author/arunp/
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[1]:http://www.redhat.com/
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@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
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如何在 Fedora/CentOS/RHEL 或 Arch Linux 上安装 Cockpit
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================================================================================
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Cockpit 是一个免费开源的服务器管理软件，它使得我们可以通过它好看的 web 前端界面轻松地管理我们的 GNU/Linux 服务器。Cockpit 使得 linux 系统管理员、系统维护员和开发者能轻松地管理他们的服务器并执行一些简单的任务，例如管理存储、检测日志、启动或停止服务以及一些其它任务。它的报告界面添加了一些很好的功能使得可以轻松地在终端和 web 界面之间切换。另外，它不仅使得管理一台服务器变得简单，更重要的是只需要一个单击就可以在一个地方同时管理多个通过网络连接的服务器。它非常轻量级，web 界面也非常简单易用。在这篇博文中，我们会学习如何安装 Cockpit 并用它管理我们的运行着 Fedora、CentOS、Arch Linux 以及 RHEL 发行版操作系统的服务器。下面是 Cockpit 在我们的 GNU/Linux 服务器中一些非常棒的功能：
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1. 它包含 systemd 服务管理器。
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2. 有一个用于故障排除和日志分析的 Journal 日志查看器。
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3. 包括 LVM 在内的存储配置比以前任何时候都要简单。
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4. 用 Cockpit 可以进行基本的网络配置。
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5. 可以轻松地添加和删除用户以及管理多台服务器。
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### 1. 安装 Cockpit ###
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首先，我们需要在我们基于 linux 的服务器上安装 Cockpit。大部分发行版的官方软件仓库中都有可用的 cockpit 安装包。这篇博文中，我们会在 Fedora 22、CentOS 7、Arch Linux 和 RHEL 7 中通过它们的官方软件仓库安装 Cockpit。
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#### CentOS / RHEL ####
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CentOS 和 RHEL 官方软件库中有可用的 Cockpit。我们只需要用 yum 管理器就可以安装。只需要以 sudo/root 权限运行下面的命令就可以安装它。
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# yum install cockpit
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#### Fedora 22/21 ####
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和 CentOS 一样， Fedora 的官方软件库默认也有可用的 Cockpit。我们只需要用 dnf 软件包管理器就可以安装 Cockpit。
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# dnf install cockpit
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#### Arch Linux ####
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现在 Arch Linux 官方软件库中还没有可用的 Cockpit，但 Arch 用户库（Arch User Repository，AUR）有。只需要运行下面的 yaourt 命令就可以安装。
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# yaourt cockpit
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### 2. 启动并启用 Cockpit ###
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成功安装完 Cockpit，我们就要用服务/守护进程管理器启动 Cockpit 服务。到了 2015 年，尽管一些 linux 发行版仍然运行 SysVinit 管理守护进程，但大部分 linux 发行版都采用了 Systemd，Cockpit 使用 systemd 完成从运行守护进程到服务几乎所有的功能。因此，我们只能在运行着 Systemd 的最新的 linux 发行版中安装 Cockpit。要启动 Cockpit 并让它在每次系统重启时自动启动，我们需要在终端或控制台中运行下面的命令。
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# systemctl start cockpit
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# systemctl enable cockpit.socket
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创建从 /etc/systemd/system/sockets.target.wants/cockpit.socket 到 /usr/lib/systemd/system/cockpit.socket 的符号链接。
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### 3. 允许通过防火墙 ###
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启动 Cockpit 并使得它能在每次系统重启时自动启动后，我们现在要给它配置防火墙。由于我们的服务器上运行着防火墙程序，我们需要允许它通过某些端口使得从服务器外面可以访问 Cockpit。
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#### Firewalld ####
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# firewall-cmd --add-service=cockpit --permanent
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success
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# firewall-cmd --reload
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success
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#### Iptables ####
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# iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
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# service iptables save
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### 4. 访问 Cockpit Web 界面 ###
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下面，我们终于要通过 web 浏览器访问 Cockpit web 界面了。根据配置，我们只需要用浏览器打开 https://ip-address:9090 或 https://server.domain.com:9090。在我们这篇博文中，我们用浏览器打开 https://128.199.114.17:9090，正如下图所示。
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此时会出现一个 SSL 认证警告，因为我们正在使用一个自签名认证。我们只需要忽略这个警告并进入到登录页面，在 chrome/chromium 中，我们需要点击 Show Advanced 然后点击 **Proceed to 128.199.114.17 (unsafe)**。
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现在，要进入仪表盘，我们需要输入详细的登录信息。这里，用户名和密码和用于登录我们的 linux 服务器的用户名和密码相同。当我们输入登录信息并点击 Log In 按钮后，我们就会进入到 Cockpit 仪表盘。
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这里我们可以看到所有的菜单以及 CPU、磁盘、网络、存储使用情况的可视化结果。仪表盘正如上图所示。
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#### 服务 ####
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要管理服务，我们需要点击 web 页面右边菜单中的 Services 按钮。然后，我们会看到服务被分成了 5 个类别，目标、系统服务、套接字、计时器和路径。
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#### Docker 容器 ####
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我们甚至可以用 Cockpit 管理 docker 容器。用 Cockpit 监控和管理 Docker 容器非常简单。由于我们的服务器中没有安装运行 docker，我们需要点击 Start Docker。
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Cockpit 会自动在我们的服务器上安装和运行 docker。启动之后，我们就会看到下面的截图。然后我们就可以按照需求管理 docker 镜像、容器。
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#### Journal 日志查看器 ####
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Cockpit 有个日志查看器，它把错误、警告、注意分到不同的标签页。我们也有一个 All 标签页，在这里可以看到所有的日志信息。
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#### 网络 ####
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在网络部分，我们可以看到两个可视化发送和接收速度的图。我们可以看到这里有一个可用网卡的列表，还有 Add Bond、Bridge、VLAN 的选项。如果我们需要配置一个网卡，我们只需要点击网卡名称。在下面，我们可以看到网络的 Journal 日志信息。
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#### 存储 ####
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现在，用 Cockpit 可以方便地查看硬盘的读写速度。我们可以查看存储的 Journal 日志以便进行故障排除和修复。在页面中还有一个已用空间的可视化图。我们甚至可以卸载、格式化、删除一块硬盘的某个分区。它还有类似创建 RAID 设备、卷组等攻能。
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#### 用户管理 ####
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通过 Cockpit Web 界面我们可以方便地创建新用户。在这里创建的账户会应用到系统用户账户。我们可以用它更改密码、指定角色、以及删除用户账户。
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#### 实时终端 ####
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Cockpit 还有一个很棒的特性。是的，我们可以执行命令，用 Cockpit 界面提供的实时终端执行任务。这使得我们可以根据我们的需求在 web 界面和终端之间自由切换。
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### 总结 ###
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Cockpit 是由 [Red Hat][1] 开发的使得管理服务器变得轻松简单的免费开源软件。它非常适合于进行简单的系统管理任务和新手系统管理员。它仍然处于开发阶段，还没有稳定版发行。因此不适合于生产环境。它是针对最新的默认安装了 systemd 的 Fedora、CentOS、Arch Linux、RHEL 系统开发的。如果你想在 Ubuntu 上安装 Cockpit，你可以通过 PPA 访问，但现在已经过期了。如果你有任何疑问、建议，请在下面的评论框中反馈给我们，这样我们可以改进和更新我们的内容。非常感谢 ！
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://linoxide.com/linux-how-to/install-cockpit-fedora-centos-rhel-arch-linux/
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作者：[Arun Pyasi][a]
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译者：[ictlyh](http://mutouxiaogui.cn/blog/)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://linoxide.com/author/arunp/
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[1]:http://www.redhat.com/
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