From cfec9bfa5b459aa4deccc4410a774a4e06d2b3b0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=E9=83=91?= Date: Sat, 28 Dec 2019 19:16:55 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] Translated --- ...on Ubuntu and Other Linux Distributions.md | 127 ------------------ ...on Ubuntu and Other Linux Distributions.md | 127 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 127 insertions(+), 127 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20191222 How to Update Grub on Ubuntu and Other Linux Distributions.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20191222 How to Update Grub on Ubuntu and Other Linux Distributions.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20191222 How to Update Grub on Ubuntu and Other Linux Distributions.md b/sources/tech/20191222 How to Update Grub on Ubuntu and Other Linux Distributions.md deleted file mode 100644 index 870ec17f6b..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20191222 How to Update Grub on Ubuntu and Other Linux Distributions.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,127 +0,0 @@ -[#]: collector: (lujun9972) -[#]: translator: (robsean) -[#]: reviewer: ( ) -[#]: publisher: ( ) -[#]: url: ( ) -[#]: subject: (How to Update Grub on Ubuntu and Other Linux Distributions) -[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/update-grub/) -[#]: author: (Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/) - -How to Update Grub on Ubuntu and Other Linux Distributions -====== - -In this tutorial, you’ll learn to update grub on Ubuntu or any other Linux distribution. You’ll also learn a thing or two about how this grub update process works. - -### How to update grub - -Ubuntu and many other Linux distributions provide a handy command line utility called update-grub. - -To update grub, all you have to do is to run this command in the terminal with sudo. - -``` -sudo update-grub -``` - -You should see an output like this: - -``` -[email protected]:~$ sudo update-grub -[sudo] password for abhishek: -Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub' -Generating grub configuration file ... -Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.0.0-37-generic -Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.0.0-37-generic -Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.0.0-36-generic -Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.0.0-36-generic -Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.0.0-31-generic -Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.0.0-31-generic -Found Ubuntu 19.10 (19.10) on /dev/sda4 -Found MX 19 patito feo (19) on /dev/sdb1 -Adding boot menu entry for EFI firmware configuration -done -``` - -You may see a similar command called update-grub2. No need to be alarmed or confused between update-grub and update-grub2. Both of these commands do the same action. - -Around ten years ago, when grub2 was just introduced, update-grub2 command was also introduced. Today, update-grub2 is just a symbolic link to update-grub and both update grub2 configuration (because grub2 is the default). - -#### Can’t find update-grub command? Here’s what to do in that case - -It’s possible that your Linux distribution might not have update-grub command available. - -What do you do in that case? How do you update grub on such a Linux distribution? - -There is no need to panic. The update-grub command is simply a stub for running ‘grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg’ to generate grub2 config file. - -Which means that you can update grub with the following command on any Linux distribution: - -``` -sudo grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg -``` - -Of course, remembering update-grub command is a lot easier than the above command and this is the reason why it was created in the first place. - -### How does update-grub work? - -When you install a Linux distribution, it (usually) asks you to install the [grub boot loader][1]. - -Part of grub is installed on the MBR/ESP partition. Rest of the grub lies in /boo/grub directory of the Linux distributions. - -As per its [man page][2], update-grub works by looking into the /boot directory. All the files starting with [vmlinuz-][3] will be treated as kernels and they will get a grub menu entry. It will also add initrd lines for [ramdisk][4] images found with the same version as kernels found. - -It also looks into all disk partitions for other operating systems with [os-prober][5]. If it finds other operating systems, it adds them to the grub menu. - -![Representational image of Grub Menu][6] - -### Why would you need to update grub? - -There could be a number of scenarios when you need to update grub. - -Suppose you changed the grub config file (/etc/default/grub) to [change the default boot order][7] or reduce the default boot time. Your changes won’t take into effect unless you update the grub. - -Another scenario is when you have multiple Linux distributions installed on the same system. - -For example, on my Intel NUC, I have two disks. The first disk had Ubuntu 19.10 and then I installed Ubuntu 18.04 on it. The second OS (Ubuntu 18.04) also installed its own grub and now the grub screen is controlled by Ubuntu 18.04 grub. - -On the second disk, I installed MX Linux but I didn’t install grub this time. I want the existing grub (controlled by Ubuntu 18.04) to handle all the OS entries. - -Now, in this scenario, the grub on Ubuntu 18.04 needs to be updated so that it can see [MX Linux][8]. - -![][9] - -As you can see in the image above, when I update the grub, it finds various Linux kernels installed on 18.04 along with Ubuntu 19.10 and MX Linux on different partition. - -If I want MX Linux to control the grub, I can install grub on MX Linux with [grub-install][10] command and then the grub on MX Linux will start controlling the grub screen. You get the gist, right? - -Using a GUI tool like [Grub Customizer][11] is a simpler way to make changes in grub. - -**In the end…** - -Initially, I had intended to keep it a short article as a quick tip. But then I thought of explaining a few things associated with it so that (relatively) new Linux users could learn more than just a simple command. - -Did you like it? Do you have some questions or suggestions? Please feel free to leave a comment. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://itsfoss.com/update-grub/ - -作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_GRUB -[2]: https://manpages.debian.org/testing/grub-legacy/update-grub.8.en.html -[3]: https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/community/blogs/mhhaque/entry/anatomy_of_the_initrd_and_vmlinuz?lang=en -[4]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initial_ramdisk -[5]: https://packages.debian.org/sid/utils/os-prober -[6]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/grub_screen.png?ssl=1 -[7]: https://itsfoss.com/grub-customizer-ubuntu/ -[8]: https://mxlinux.org/ -[9]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/update_grub.png?ssl=1 -[10]: https://www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/grub/html_node/Installing-GRUB-using-grub_002dinstall.html -[11]: https://itsfoss.com/customize-grub-linux/ diff --git a/translated/tech/20191222 How to Update Grub on Ubuntu and Other Linux Distributions.md b/translated/tech/20191222 How to Update Grub on Ubuntu and Other Linux Distributions.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..25c811519d --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20191222 How to Update Grub on Ubuntu and Other Linux Distributions.md @@ -0,0 +1,127 @@ +[#]: collector: (lujun9972) +[#]: translator: (robsean) +[#]: reviewer: ( ) +[#]: publisher: ( ) +[#]: url: ( ) +[#]: subject: (How to Update Grub on Ubuntu and Other Linux Distributions) +[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/update-grub/) +[#]: author: (Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/) + +如何在 Ubuntu 和其它 Linux 发行版上更新 Grub +====== + +在这篇文章中，你将学习在 Ubuntu 或任何其它 Linux 发行版上更新 grub 。你也将学习一个或两个关于如何更新这个 grub 过程的工作的事情。 + +### 如何更新 grub + +Ubuntu 和很多其它的 Linux 发行版提供一个易使用的称为 update-grub 命令行实用程序。 + +为更新 grub ，你所要的全部工作就是使用 sudo 在终端中运行这个命令。 + +``` +sudo update-grub +``` + +你应该看到一个像这样的输出： + +``` +[email protected]:~$ sudo update-grub +[sudo] password for abhishek: +Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub' +Generating grub configuration file ... +Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.0.0-37-generic +Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.0.0-37-generic +Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.0.0-36-generic +Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.0.0-36-generic +Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.0.0-31-generic +Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.0.0-31-generic +Found Ubuntu 19.10 (19.10) on /dev/sda4 +Found MX 19 patito feo (19) on /dev/sdb1 +Adding boot menu entry for EFI firmware configuration +done +``` + +你可能看到一个类似的称为 update-grub2 的命令。不需要在 update-grub 和 update-grub2 之间感到害怕或不知所措。这两个命令执行相同的动作。 + +大约在10年前，当 grub2 刚刚被引进时，update-grub2 命令也被引进。现在，update-grub2 只是一个链接到 update-grub 的符号，它们都更新 grub2 配置(因为 grub2 是默认的)。 + +#### 不能找到 update-grub 命令？这里是在这种情况下该做什么 + +它可能是，你的 Linux 发行版可能没有可用的 update-grub 命令。 + +在这种情况下你该做什么？你如何在这样一个 Linux 发行版上更新 grub ？ + +在这里不需要惊慌。update-grub 命令只是一个存根，用于运行 ‘grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg’ 来生成 grub2 配置文件。 + +这意味着你可以在任意 Linux 发行版上使用下面的命令更新 grub ： + +``` +sudo grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg +``` + +当然，记住 update-grub 命令比上面的命令容易很多，这是为什么它在一开始被创建的原因。 + +### update-grub 是如何工作的？ + +当你安装一个 Linux 发行版时，它(通常)要求你安装 [grub 启动引导程序][1]。 + +grub 的一部分安装在 MBR/ESP 分区上。grub 的剩余部分保留在 Linux 发行版的 /boo/grub 目录中。 + +依据它的 [man 页面][2]，update-grub 通过查找 /boot 目录来工作。所有以 [vmlinuz-][3] 开头的文件将被作为内核来对待，并且它们将得到一个 grub 菜单项。它也将为与所找到内核版本相同的 [ramdisk][4] 镜像添加 initrd 行。 + +它也使用 [os-prober][5] 为其它操作系统查找所有磁盘分区。如果找到其它操作系统，它添加它们到 grub 菜单。 + +![Representational image of Grub Menu][6] + +### 为什么你需要更新 grub ？ + +当你需要更新 grub 时，可能有很多方案。 + +假设你更改 grub 配置文件 (/etc/default/grub) 为 [更改默认启动顺序][7] 或减少默认启动时间。除非你更新 grub ，否则你的更改将不会生效。 + +另一种情况是，你在同一个电脑系统上安装多个 Linux 发行。 + +例如，在我的 Intel NUC 上，我有两个磁盘。第一个磁盘有 Ubuntu 19.10 ，并且我在其上面安装了 Ubuntu 18.04 。第二个操作系统 (Ubuntu 18.04) 也安装其自己的 grub ，现在 grub 启动屏幕由 Ubuntu 18.04 grub 控制。 + +在第二个磁盘上，我安装了 MX Linux ，但是这次我没有安装 grub 。我希望现有的 grub (由 Ubuntu 18.04 控制) 来处理所有的操作系统项目。 + +现在，在这种情况中，在 Ubuntu 18.04 上的 grub 需要更新，以便它能够看到 [MX Linux][8] 。 + +![][9] + +如上图所示，当我更新 grub 时，它在 18.04 上找到很多安装的 Linux 内核, 以及在不同的分区上 Ubntu 19.10 和 MX Linux 。 + +如果你想 MX Linux 控制 grub ，我可以使用 [grub-install][10] 命令来在 MX Linux 上安装 grub，然后在 MX Linux 上的 grub 将开始控制 grub 启动屏幕。你已经明白这点，对吧？ + +Using a GUI tool like使用一个像 [Grub Customizer][11] 的 GUI 工具是在 grub 中进行更改的一种简单的方法。 + +**最后…** + +最初，我打算保持它为一篇短文作为一种快速提示。但是后来我想解释一些与之相关的东西，以便(相对地)新的 Linux 用户能够学到更多，而不仅仅是一个简单命令。 + +你喜欢它吗？你有一些问题或建议吗？请随意发表评论。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://itsfoss.com/update-grub/ + +作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[robsean](https://github.com/robsean) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_GRUB +[2]: https://manpages.debian.org/testing/grub-legacy/update-grub.8.en.html +[3]: https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/community/blogs/mhhaque/entry/anatomy_of_the_initrd_and_vmlinuz?lang=en +[4]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initial_ramdisk +[5]: https://packages.debian.org/sid/utils/os-prober +[6]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/grub_screen.png?ssl=1 +[7]: https://itsfoss.com/grub-customizer-ubuntu/ +[8]: https://mxlinux.org/ +[9]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/update_grub.png?ssl=1 +[10]: https://www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/grub/html_node/Installing-GRUB-using-grub_002dinstall.html +[11]: https://itsfoss.com/customize-grub-linux/