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提交译文[tech]:20210803 Use the Linux terminal to navigate throughout your computer.md
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[#]: subject: (Use the Linux terminal to navigate throughout your computer)
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[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/21/8/navigate-linux-directories)
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[#]: author: (Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth)
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (piaoshi)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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Use the Linux terminal to navigate throughout your computer
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======
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Learn to navigate from directory to directory in the Linux terminal.
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![Move around your computer][1]
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To navigate through the directories of your computer in a graphical interface, you're probably used to opening a window to get "into" your computer, and then double-clicking on a folder, and then on a subfolder, and so on. You may also use arrow buttons or keys to back track.
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To navigate through your computer in the terminal, you use the **cd** command. You can use **cd ..** to move one directory _back_, or **cd ./path/to/another/folder** to jump through many folders into a specific location.
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The concept of a URL, which you use on the Internet already, is actually pulled directly from [POSIX][2]. When you navigate to a specific page on some website, like `http://www.example.com/tutorials/lesson2.html`, you are actually changing directory to `/var/www/imaginarysite/tutorials/` and opening a file called `lesson2.html`. Of course, you open it in a web browser, which interprets all that weird-looking HTML code into pretty text and pictures. But the idea is exactly the same.
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If you think of your computer as the Internet (or the Internet as a computer, more appropriately), then you can understand how to wander through your folders and files. If you start out in your user folder (your home, or `~` for short) then everywhere you want to go is relative to that:
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```
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$ cd ~/Documents
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$ pwd
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/home/tux/Documents
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$ cd ..
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$ pwd
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/home/tux
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```
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This requires some practise, but after a while it becomes far faster than opening and closing windows, clicking on back buttons and folder icons.
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### Auto-completion with Tab
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The **Tab** key on your keyboard auto-completes names of directories and files you're starting to type. If you're going to **cd** into `~/Documents`, then all you need to type is `cd ~/Doc` and then press **Tab**. Your shell auto-completes `uments`. This isn't just a pleasant convenience, it's also a way to prevent error. If you're pressing **Tab** and nothing's being auto-completed, then probably the file or directory you _think_ is in a location isn't actually there. Even experienced Linux users try to change directory to a place that doesn't exist in their current location, so use **pwd** and **ls** often to confirm you are where you think you are, and that your current directory actually contains the files you think it contains.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/21/8/navigate-linux-directories
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作者：[Seth Kenlon][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/ch01s04.svg_.png?itok=bC8Bcapk (Move around your computer)
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[2]: https://opensource.com/article/19/7/what-posix-richard-stallman-explains
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@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
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[#]: subject: (Use the Linux terminal to navigate throughout your computer)
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[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/21/8/navigate-linux-directories)
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[#]: author: (Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth)
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (piaoshi)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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使用 Linux 终端浏览你的计算机
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======
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学习在 Linux 终端中从一个目录切换到另一个目录。
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![Move around your computer][1]
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要在图形界面中浏览你的计算机上的文件夹，你可能习惯于打开一个窗口来“进入”你的计算机，然后双击一个文件夹，再双击一个子文件夹，如此反复。你也可以使用箭头按钮或按键来回溯。
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而要在终端中浏览你的计算机，你可以利用 **cd** 命令。你可以使用 **cd ..** 回到 _上一级_ 目录，或者使用 **cd ./另一个/文件夹的/路径** 来跳过许多文件夹进入一个特定的位置。
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你在互联网上已经使用的 URL 的概念，实际上直接来自 [POSIX][2]。当你浏览某个网站的一个特定页面时，比如 `http://www.example.com/tutorials/lesson2.html`，你实际上做的是进入 `/var/www/imaginarysite/tutorials/` 目录，并打开一个叫 `classic2.html` 的文件。当然，你是在网络浏览器中打开它的，浏览器会将所有那些看起来奇怪的 HTML 代码解释成漂亮的文本和图片。但这两者的思路是完全一样的。
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如果你把你的计算机看成是互联网（或者把互联网看成是计算机会更合适），那么你就能理解如何在你的文件夹和文件中遨游了。如果从你的用户文件夹（你的家目录，或简记为 `~`）开始，那么你想切换到的文件夹都是相对于这个文件夹而言的：
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```
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$ cd ~/Documents
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$ pwd
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/home/tux/Documents
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$ cd ..
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$ pwd
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/home/tux
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```
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这需要一些练习，但一段时间后，它会变得比你打开和关闭窗口、点击返回按钮和文件夹图标快得多。
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### 用 Tab 键自动补全
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键盘上的 **Tab** 键可以自动补全你开始输入的文件夹和文件的名字。如果你要 **cd** 到 `~/Documents` 文件夹，那么你只需要输入 `cd ~/Doc`，然后按 **Tab** 键即可。你的 Shell 会自动补全 `uments`。这不仅仅是一个令人愉快的便利工具，它也是一种防止错误的方法。如果你按下 **Tab** 键而没有任何东西自动补全，那么可能你 _认为_ 存在于某个位置的文件或文件件实际上并不存在。即使有经验的 Linux 用户也会试图切换到一个当前目录下不存在的文件夹，所以你可以经常使用 **pwd** 和 **ls** 命令来确认你确实在你认为你在的目录、以及你的当前目录确实包含了你认为它包含的文件。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/21/8/navigate-linux-directories
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作者：[Seth Kenlon][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[piaoshi](https://github.com/piaoshi)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/ch01s04.svg_.png?itok=bC8Bcapk (Move around your computer)
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[2]: https://opensource.com/article/19/7/what-posix-richard-stallman-explains
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