document/TranslateProject
2
0
Fork 0
mirror of https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject.git synced 2025-01-25 23:11:02 +08:00
Code Issues Packages Projects Releases Wiki Activity

translated

Browse Source
This commit is contained in:
geekpi 2019-01-04 09:09:34 +08:00
parent 2fadbef4b2
commit e4457e8939
2 changed files with 100 additions and 100 deletions
Show Stats Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

100
sources/tech/20181217 Working with tarballs on Linux.md
View File

@ -1,100 +0,0 @@
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: (geekpi)
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (Working with tarballs on Linux)
[#]: via: (https://www.networkworld.com/article/3328840/linux/working-with-tarballs-on-linux.html)
[#]: author: (Sandra Henry-Stocker https://www.networkworld.com/author/Sandra-Henry_Stocker/)
Working with tarballs on Linux
======
![](https://images.idgesg.net/images/article/2018/12/tarball-100783148-large.jpg)
The word “tarball” is often used to describe the type of file used to back up a select group of files and join them into a single file. The name comes from the **.tar** file extension and the **tar** command that is used to group together the files into a single file that is then sometimes compressed to make it smaller for its move to another system.
Tarballs are often used to back up personal or system files in place to create an archive, especially prior to making changes that might have to be reversed. Linux sysadmins, for example, will often create a tarball containing a series of configuration files before making changes to an application just in case they have to reverse those changes. Extracting the files from a tarball that’s sitting in place will generally be faster than having to retrieve the files from backups.
### How to create a tarball on Linux
You can create a tarball and compress it in a single step if you use a command like this one:
```
$ tar -cvzf PDFs.tar.gz *.pdf
```
The result in this case is a compressed (gzipped) file that contains all of the PDF files that are in the current directory. The compression is optional, of course. A slightly simpler command would just put all of the PDF files into an uncompressed tarball:
```
$ tar -cvf PDFs.tar *.pdf
```
Note that it’s the **z** in that list of options that causes the file to be compressed or “zipped”. The **c** specifies that you are creating the file and the **v** (verbose) indicates that you want some feedback while the command is running. Omit the **v** if you don't want to see the files listed.
Another common naming convention is to give zipped tarballs the extension **.tgz** instead of the double extension **.tar.gz** as shown in this command:
```
$ tar cvzf MyPDFs.tgz *.pdf
```
### How to extract files from a tarball
To extract all of the files from a gzipped tarball, you would use a command like this:
```
$ tar -xvzf file.tar.gz
```
If you use the .tgz naming convention, that command would look like this:
```
$ tar -xvzf MyPDFs.tgz
```
To extract an individual file from a gzipped tarball, you do almost the same thing but add the file name:
```
$ tar -xvzf PDFs.tar.gz ShenTix.pdf
ShenTix.pdf
ls -l ShenTix.pdf
-rw-rw-r-- 1 shs shs 122057 Dec 14 14:43 ShenTix.pdf
```
You can even delete files from a tarball if the tarball is not compressed. For example, if we wanted to remove tile file that we extracted above from the PDFs.tar.gz file, we would do it like this:
```
$ gunzip PDFs.tar.gz
$ ls -l PDFs.tar
-rw-rw-r-- 1 shs shs 10700800 Dec 15 11:51 PDFs.tar
$ tar -vf PDFs.tar --delete ShenTix.pdf
$ ls -l PDFs.tar
-rw-rw-r-- 1 shs shs 10577920 Dec 15 11:45 PDFs.tar
```
Notice that we shaved a little space off the tar file while deleting the ShenTix.pdf file. We can then compress the file again if we want:
```
$ gzip -f PDFs.tar
ls -l PDFs.tar.gz
-rw-rw-r-- 1 shs shs 10134499 Dec 15 11:51 PDFs.tar.gzFlickr / James St. John
```
The versatility of the command line options makes working with tarballs easy and very convenient.
Join the Network World communities on [Facebook][1] and [LinkedIn][2] to comment on topics that are top of mind.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3328840/linux/working-with-tarballs-on-linux.html
作者：[Sandra Henry-Stocker][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://www.networkworld.com/author/Sandra-Henry_Stocker/
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://www.facebook.com/NetworkWorld/
[2]: https://www.linkedin.com/company/network-world

100
translated/tech/20181217 Working with tarballs on Linux.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: (geekpi)
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (Working with tarballs on Linux)
[#]: via: (https://www.networkworld.com/article/3328840/linux/working-with-tarballs-on-linux.html)
[#]: author: (Sandra Henry-Stocker https://www.networkworld.com/author/Sandra-Henry_Stocker/)
在 Linux 上使用 tarball
======
![](https://images.idgesg.net/images/article/2018/12/tarball-100783148-large.jpg)
“tarball” 一词通常用于描述备份一组选择的文件并将它们打包在一个文件中的一种文件格式。该名称来自 **.tar** 文件扩展名和 **tar** 命令，它用于将文件打包到一个文件中，然后压缩该文件，使其在移动到其他系统时更小。
tarballs 通常用于备份个人或系统文件来创建存档, 特别是在进行可能需要撤消的更改之前。例如，Linux 系统管理员通常会在更改应用之前创建包含一系列配置文件的 tarball，以防必须撤消这些更改。从 tarball 中解压文件通常比在备份中搜索文件快。
### 如何在 Linux 上创建 tarball
使用如下命令，你可以在单条命令中创建并压缩文件。
```
$ tar -cvzf PDFs.tar.gz *.pdf
```
这里最后是一个压缩文件 （gzip），其中包含了当前目录中的所有 PDF 文件。当然，压缩是可选的。一个稍微简单的只是将 PDF 文件打包成未压缩 tarball 的命令：
```
$ tar -cvf PDFs.tar *.pdf
```
注意，选项中的 **z** 将文件变成压缩的。 **c** 表明正在创建文件，**v** （详细）表示你在命令运行时需要一些反馈。如果你不想查看列出的文件，请忽略 **v**。
另一个常见的命名约定是给压缩的 tarball 命名成 **.tgz** 而不是双扩展名 **.tar.gz**，如下所示：
```
$ tar cvzf MyPDFs.tgz *.pdf
```
### 如何从 tarball 中解压文件
要从 gzip 压缩包中解压所有文件，你可以使用如下命令：
```
$ tar -xvzf file.tar.gz
```
如果使用 .tgz 命名约定，该命令将如下所示：
```
$ tar -xvzf MyPDFs.tgz
```
要从 gzip 包中解压单个文件，你可以执行几乎相同的操作，只需添加文件名：
```
$ tar -xvzf PDFs.tar.gz ShenTix.pdf
ShenTix.pdf
ls -l ShenTix.pdf
-rw-rw-r-- 1 shs shs 122057 Dec 14 14:43 ShenTix.pdf
```
如果未压缩 tarball，你甚至可以从 tarball 中删除文件。例如，如果我们想从 PDFs.tar.gz 中删除我们上面解压的文件，我们会这样做：
```
$ gunzip PDFs.tar.gz
$ ls -l PDFs.tar
-rw-rw-r-- 1 shs shs 10700800 Dec 15 11:51 PDFs.tar
$ tar -vf PDFs.tar --delete ShenTix.pdf
$ ls -l PDFs.tar
-rw-rw-r-- 1 shs shs 10577920 Dec 15 11:45 PDFs.tar
```
请注意，我们在删除 ShenTix.pdf 后，缩小了一点 tar 文件占用的空间。如果我们想要，我们可以再次压缩文件：
```
$ gzip -f PDFs.tar
ls -l PDFs.tar.gz
-rw-rw-r-- 1 shs shs 10134499 Dec 15 11:51 PDFs.tar.gzFlickr / James St. John
```
丰富的命令行选项使得 tarball 使用起来简单方便。
在 [Facebook][1] 和 [LinkedIn][2] 中加入 Network World 社区来评论主题。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3328840/linux/working-with-tarballs-on-linux.html
作者：[Sandra Henry-Stocker][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://www.networkworld.com/author/Sandra-Henry_Stocker/
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://www.facebook.com/NetworkWorld/
[2]: https://www.linkedin.com/company/network-world