Merge pull request #2118 from SPccman/master

How to Setup Bind Chroot DNS Server on CentOS 7.0 VPS & How to create a custom backup plan for Debian with backupninja

sources/tech/20141205 How to create a custom backup plan for Debian with backupninja.md

@@ -1,248 +0,0 @@
-SPccman translating
-How to create a custom backup plan for Debian with backupninja
-================================================================================
-Backupninja is a powerful and highly-configurable backup tool for Debian based distributions. In the [previous tutorial][1], we explored how to install backupninja and how to set up two backup actions for the program to perform. However, we should note that those examples were only "the tip of the iceberg," so to speak. In this post we will discuss how to leverage custom handlers and helpers that allow this program to be customized in order to accomplish almost any backup need that you can think of. 
-
-And believe me - that is not an overstatement, so let's begin.
-
-### A Quick Review of Backupninja ###
-
-One of backupninja's distinguishing features is the fact that you can just drop plain text configuration or action files in /etc/backup.d, and the program will take care of the rest. In addition, we can write custom scripts (aka "handlers") and place them in /usr/share/backupninja to handle each type of backup action. Furthermore, we can have these scripts be executed via ninjahelper's ncurses-based interactive menus (aka "helpers") to guide us to create the configuration files we mentioned earlier, minimizing the chances of human error.
-
-### Creating a Custom Handler and Helper ###
-
-Our goal in this case is to create a script to handle the backup of chosen home directories into a tarball with either **gzip** or **bzip2** compression, excluding music and video files. We will simply name this script home, and place it under /usr/backup/ninja. 
-
-Although you could achieve the same objective with the default tar handler (refer to /usr/share/backupninja/tar and /usr/share/backupninja/tar.helper), we will use this approach to show how to create a useful handler script and ncurses-based helper from scratch. You can then decide how to apply the same principles depending on your specific needs.
-
-Note that since handlers are sourced from the main script, there is no need to start with #!/bin/bash at the top.
-
-Our proposed handler (/usr/share/backupninja/home) is as follows. It is heavily commented for clarification. The getconf function is used to read the backup action's configuration file. If you specify a value for a variable here, it will override the corresponding value present in the configuration file:
-
-    # home handler script for backupninja
-     
-    # Every backup file will identify the host by its FQDN
-    getconf backupname
-     
-    # Directory to store backups
-    getconf backupdir
-     
-    # Default compression
-    getconf compress
-     
-    # Include /home directory
-    getconf includes
-     
-    # Exclude files with *.mp3 and *.mp4 extensions
-    getconf excludes
-     
-    # Default extension for the packaged backup file
-    getconf EXTENSION
-     
-    # Absolute path to date binary
-    getconf TAR `which tar`
-     
-    # Absolute path to date binary
-    getconf DATE    `which date`
-     
-    # Chosen date format
-    DATEFORMAT="%Y-%m-%d"
-     
-    # If backupdir does not exist, exit with fatal error
-    if [ ! -d "$backupdir" ]
-    then
-       mkdir -p "$backupdir" || fatal "Can not make directory $backupdir"
-    fi
-     
-    # If backupdir is not writeable, exit with fatal error as well
-    if [ ! -w "$backupdir" ]
-    then
-       fatal "Directory $backupdir is not writable"
-    fi
-     
-    # Set the right tar option as per the chosen compression format
-    case $compress in
-       "gzip")
-        compress_option="-z"
-        EXTENSION="tar.gz"
-        ;;
-       "bzip")
-        compress_option="-j"
-        EXTENSION="tar.bz2"
-        ;;
-       "none")
-        compress_option=""
-        ;;
-       *)
-        warning "Unknown compress filter ($tar_compress)"
-        compress_option=""
-        EXTENSION="tar.gz"
-        ;;
-    esac
-     
-    # Exclude the following file types / directories
-    exclude_options=""
-    for i in $excludes
-    do
-       exclude_options="$exclude_options --exclude $i"
-    done
-     
-    # Debugging messages, performing backup
-    debug "Running backup: " $TAR -c -p -v $compress_option $exclude_options \
-       -f "$backupdir/$backupname-"`$DATE "+$DATEFORMAT"`".$EXTENSION" \
-       $includes
-     
-    # Redirect standard output to a file with .list extension
-    # and standard error to a file with .err extension
-    $TAR -c -p -v $compress_option $exclude_options \
-       -f "$backupdir/$backupname-"`$DATE "+$DATEFORMAT"`".$EXTENSION" \
-       $includes \
-       > "$backupdir/$backupname-"`$DATE "+$DATEFORMAT"`.list \
-       2> "$backupdir/$backupname-"`$DATE "+$DATEFORMAT"`.err
-     
-    [ $? -ne 0 ] && fatal "Tar backup failed"
-
-Next, we will create our helper file (/usr/share/backupninja/home.helper) so that our handlers shows up as a menu in **ninjahelper**:
-
-    # Backup action's description. Separate words with underscores.
-    HELPERS="$HELPERS home:backup_of_home_directories"
-     
-    home_wizard() {
-       home_title="Home action wizard"
-     
-       backupname=`hostname --fqdn`
-     
-    # Specify default value for the time when this backup actions is supposed to run
-       inputBox "$home_title" "When to run this action?" "everyday at 01"
-       [ $? = 1 ] && return
-       home_when_run="when = $REPLY"
-     
-    # Specify default value for backup file name
-       inputBox "$home_title" "\"Name\" of backups" "$backupname"
-       [ $? = 1 ] && return
-       home_backupname="backupname = $REPLY"
-       backupname="$REPLY"
-     
-    # Specify default directory to store the backups
-       inputBox "$home_title" "Directory where to store the backups" "/var/backups/home"
-       [ $? = 1 ] && return
-       home_backupdir="backupdir = $REPLY"
-     
-    # Specify default values for the radiobox
-       radioBox "$home_title" "Compression" \
-        "none"  "No compression" off \
-        "gzip"  "Compress with gzip" on \
-        "bzip"  "Compress with bzip" off
-       [ $? = 1 ] && return;
-       result="$REPLY"
-       home_compress="compress = $REPLY "
-     
-       REPLY=
-       while [ -z "$REPLY" ]; do
-        formBegin "$home_title: Includes"
-            formItem "Include:" /home/gacanepa
-        formDisplay
-        [ $? = 0 ] || return 1
-        home_includes="includes = "
-        for i in $REPLY; do
-            [ -n "$i" ] && home_includes="$home_includes $i"
-        done
-       done
-     
-       REPLY=
-       while [ -z "$REPLY" ]; do
-        formBegin "$home_title: Excludes"
-            formItem "Exclude:" *.mp3
-            formItem "Exclude:" *.mp4
-            # Add as many “Exclude” text boxes as needed to specify other exclude options
-    formItem "Exclude:"
-            formItem "Exclude:"
-        formDisplay
-        [ $? = 0 ] || return 1
-        home_excludes="excludes = "
-        for i in $REPLY; do
-            [ -n "$i" ] && home_excludes="$home_excludes $i"
-        done
-       done
-     
-    # Save the config
-       get_next_filename $configdirectory/10.home
-       cat > $next_filename <<EOF
-    $home_when_run
-    $home_backupname
-    $home_backupdir
-    $home_compress
-    $home_includes
-    $home_excludes
-     
-    # tar binary - have to be GNU tar
-    TAR    `which tar`
-    DATE    `which date`
-    DATEFORMAT  "%Y-%m-%d"
-    EXTENSION    tar
-     
-    EOF
-    # Backupninja requires that configuration files be chmoded to 600
-       chmod 600 $next_filename
-    }
-
-### Running Ninjahelper ###
-
-Once we have created our handler script named home and the corresponding helper named home.helper, let's run ninjahelper command to create a new backup action:
-
-    # ninjahelper 
-
-And choose create a new backup action.
-
-![](https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7467/15322605273_90edaa5bc1_z.jpg)
-
-We will now be presented with the available action types. Let's select "backup of home directories":
-
-![](https://farm9.staticflickr.com/8636/15754955450_f3ef82217b_z.jpg)
-
-The next screens will display the default values as set in the helper (only 3 of them are shown here). Feel free to edit the values in the text box. Particularly, refer to the scheduling section of the documentation for the right syntax for the when variable.
-
-![](https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7508/15941578982_24b680e1c3_z.jpg)
-
-![](https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7562/15916429476_6e84b307aa_z.jpg)
-
-![](https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7528/15319968994_41705b7283_z.jpg)
-
-When you are done creating the backup action, it will show in ninjahelper's initial menu:
-
-![](https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7534/15942239225_bb66dbdb63.jpg)
-
-Then you can press ENTER to show the options available for this action. Feel free to experiment with them, as their description is quite straightforward.
-
-Particularly, "run this action now" will execute the backup action in debug mode immediately regardless of the scheduled time:
-
-![](https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7508/15754955470_9af6251096_z.jpg)
-
-Should the backup action fail for some reason, the debug will display an informative message to help you locate the error and correct it. Consider, for example, the following error messages that were displayed after running a backup action with bugs that have not been corrected yet:
-
-![](https://farm9.staticflickr.com/8662/15754955480_487d040fcd_z.jpg)
-
-The image above tells you that the connection needed to complete the backup action could not be completed because the remote host seems to be down. In addition, the destination directory specified in the helper file does not exist. Once you correct the problems, re-run the backup action.
-
-A few things to remember:
-
-- If you create a custom script in /usr/share/backupninja (e.g., foobar) to handle a specific backup action, you also need to write a corresponding helper (e.g., foobar.helper) in order to create, through ninjahelper, a file named 10.foobar (11 and onward for further actions as well) in /etc/backup.d, which is the actual configuration file for the backup action.
-- You can execute your backups at any given time via ninjahelper as explained earlier, or have them run as per the specified frequency in the when variable. 
-
-### Summary ###
-
-In this post we have discussed how to create our own backup actions from scratch and how to add a related menu in ninjahelper to facilitate the creation of configuration files. With the previous [backupninja article][2] and the present one I hope I've given you enough good reasons to go ahead and at least try it. 
-
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-via: http://xmodulo.com/create-custom-backup-plan-debian.html
-
-作者：[ Gabriel Cánepa][a]
-译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
-校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
-
-本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
-
-[a]:http://xmodulo.com/author/gabriel
-[1]:http://xmodulo.com/backup-debian-system-backupninja.html
-[2]:http://xmodulo.com/backup-debian-system-backupninja.html

translated/tech/How to Setup Bind Chroot DNS Server on CentOS 7.0 VPS.md

@@ -1,39 +1,46 @@
-spccman translating
+在CentOS7.0 VPS上搭建 Bind Chroot DNS 服务器
-How to Setup Bind Chroot DNS Server on CentOS 7.0 VPS
+====================
-================================================================================
-BIND (Berkeley Internet Name Daemon) also known as NAMED is the most widely used DNS server in the internet. This tutorial will descibes how we can run BIND in a chroot jail, the process is simply unable to see any part of the filesystem outside the jail. For example, in this post, i will setting up BIND to run chrooted to the directory /var/named/chroot/. Well, to BIND, the contents of this directory will appear to be /, the root directory. A “jail” is a software mechanism for limiting the ability of a process to access resources outside a very limited area, and it’s purposely to enhance the security. Bind Chroot DNS server was by default configured to /var/named/chroot. You may follow this complete steps to implement Bind Chroot DNS Server on CentOS 7.0 virtual private server (VPS).
 
-1. Install Bind Chroot DNS server :
+BIND（Berkeley internet Name Daemon)也叫做NAMED是现今互联网上使用最为广泛的DNS 服务器程序。这篇文章将要讲述如何在 chroot jail （chroot “监牢”，所谓“监牢”就是指通过chroot机制来更改某个进程所能看到的根目录，即将某进程限制在指定目录中，保证该进程只能对该目录及其子目录的文件有所动作，从而保证整个服务器的安全）中运行 BIND，这样它就无法访问文件系统中除“jail”以外的其它部分。例如，在这篇文章中，我会将BIND的运行根目录改为/var/named/chroot/。当然，对于BIND来说，这个目录就是/（根目录）。 “jail”（监牢，下同）是一个软件机制，其功能是使得某个程序无法访问规定区域之外的资源，同样也为了增强安全性。Bind Chroot DNS 服务器的默认“jail”为/var/named/chroot。你可以按照下列步骤，在CentOS 7.0 虚拟专用服务器（VPS）上部署 Bind Chroot DNS 服务器。
+
+ 1. 安装Bind Chroot DNS 服务器：
 
     [root@centos7 ~]# yum install bind-chroot bind -y
 
-2. Copy all bind related files to prepare bind chrooted environments :
+ 2. 拷贝bind相关文件,准备bind chroot 环境
 
     [root@centos7 ~]# cp -R /usr/share/doc/bind-*/sample/var/named/* /var/named/chroot/var/named/
 
-3. Create bind related files into chrooted directory :
+ 3. 在bind chroot 的目录中创建相关文件
 
     [root@centos7 ~]# touch /var/named/chroot/var/named/data/cache_dump.db
+
     [root@centos7 ~]# touch /var/named/chroot/var/named/data/named_stats.txt
+
     [root@centos7 ~]# touch /var/named/chroot/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt
+
     [root@centos7 ~]# touch /var/named/chroot/var/named/data/named.run
+
     [root@centos7 ~]# mkdir /var/named/chroot/var/named/dynamic
+
     [root@centos7 ~]# touch /var/named/chroot/var/named/dynamic/managed-keys.bind
 
-4. Bind lock file should be writeable, therefore set the permission to make it writable as below :
+
+ 4. 将 Bind 锁定文件设置为可写：
 
     [root@centos7 ~]# chmod -R 777 /var/named/chroot/var/named/data
     [root@centos7 ~]# chmod -R 777 /var/named/chroot/var/named/dynamic
 
-5. Copy /etc/named.conf chrooted bind config folder :
+ 5. 将 /etc/named.conf 拷贝到 bind chroot目录
 
     [root@centos7 ~]# cp -p /etc/named.conf /var/named/chroot/etc/named.conf
 
-6.Configure main bind configuration in /etc/named.conf. Append the example.local zone information to the file :
+ 6. 在/etc/named.conf中对 bind 进行配置。在文件尾添加 example.local 域信息：
 
     [root@centos7 ~]# vi /var/named/chroot/etc/named.conf
 
-Create forward and reverse zone into named.conf:
+在 named.conf 中创建转发域（Forward Zone）与反向域（Reverse Zone）：
+
 
     ..
     ..
@@ -49,13 +56,13 @@ Create forward and reverse zone into named.conf:
     ..
     ..
 
-Full named.conf configuration :
+named.conf 完全配置
 
     //
     // named.conf
     //
-    // Provided by Red Hat bind package to configure the ISC BIND named(8) DNS
+    // 由Red Hat提供，将 ISC BIND named(8) DNS服务器 
-    // server as a caching only nameserver (as a localhost DNS resolver only).
+    // 配置为暂存域名服务器 (用来做本地DNS解析).
     //
     // See /usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/ for example named configuration files.
     //
@@ -70,14 +77,11 @@ Full named.conf configuration :
             allow-query     { any; };
     
             /*
-             - If you are building an AUTHORITATIVE DNS server, do NOT enable recursion.
+             - 如果你要建立一个 授权域名服务器 服务器, 那么不要开启 recursion（递归） 功能。
-             - If you are building a RECURSIVE (caching) DNS server, you need to enable
+             - 如果你要建立一个 递归 DNS 服务器, 那么需要开启recursion 功能。
-               recursion.
+             - 如果你的递归DNS服务器有公网IP地址, 你必须开启访问控制功能，
-             - If your recursive DNS server has a public IP address, you MUST enable access
+               只有那些合法用户才可以发询问. 如果不这么做的话，那么你的服
-               control to limit queries to your legitimate users. Failing to do so will
+               服务就会受到DNS 放大攻击。实现BCP38将有效抵御这类攻击。
-               cause your server to become part of large scale DNS amplification
-               attacks. Implementing BCP38 within your network would greatly
-               reduce such attack surface
             */
             recursion yes;
     
@@ -119,13 +123,13 @@ Full named.conf configuration :
     include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones";
     include "/etc/named.root.key";
 
-7. Create Forward and Reverse zone files for domain example.local.
+ 7. 为 example.local 域名创建转发域与反向域文件
 
-a) Create Forward Zone :
+a)创建转发域
 
     [root@centos7 ~]# vi /var/named/chroot/var/named/example.local.zone
 
-Add the following and save :
+添加如下内容并保存：
 
     ;
     ;       Addresses and other host information.
@@ -150,11 +154,11 @@ Add the following and save :
     ns1              IN      A       192.168.0.70
     ns2              IN      A       192.168.0.80
 
-b) Create Reverse Zone :
+b)创建反向域
 
     [root@centos7 ~]# vi /var/named/chroot/var/named/192.168.0.zone
 
-----------
+----
 
     ;
     ;       Addresses and other host information.
@@ -171,9 +175,7 @@ b) Create Reverse Zone :
     
     70.0.168.192.in-addr.arpa. IN PTR mx.example.local.
     70.0.168.192.in-addr.arpa. IN PTR ns1.example.local.
-    80.0.168.192.in-addr.arpa. IN PTR ns2.example.local.
+    80.0.168.192.in-addr.arpa. IN PTR ns2.example.local.。开机自启动 bind-chroot 服务：
-
-8. Stop and disable named service. Start and enable bind-chroot service at boot :
 
     [root@centos7 ~]# /usr/libexec/setup-named-chroot.sh /var/named/chroot on
     [root@centos7 ~]# systemctl stop named
@@ -182,17 +184,18 @@ b) Create Reverse Zone :
     [root@centos7 ~]# systemctl enable named-chroot
     ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/named-chroot.service' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/named-chroot.service'
 
-As always if you need any help you can reach us on twitter @ehowstuff or drop us a comment below. [Jumping through archives page to read more articles..][1]
+[跳转到档案页，阅读更多文章][1]
 
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+------------------
 
 via: http://www.ehowstuff.com/how-to-setup-bind-chroot-dns-server-on-centos-7-0-vps/
 
 作者：[skytech][a]
-译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
+译者：[SPccman](https://github.com/译者ID)
 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
 
 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
 
 [a]:http://www.ehowstuff.com/author/mhstar/
 [1]:http://www.ehowstuff.com/archives/
+

translated/tech/How to create a custom backup plan for Debian with backupninja.md

@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+使用backupninja为Debian定制备份计划
+=======
+
+backupninja是Debian系统（以及基于Debian的发行版）中一个强大的、高度可配置的备份软件。在[前一篇文章][1]中，我们探讨了如何安装backupninja以及如何设置两个备份操作并执行。然而，那些只是冰山一角。这一次，我们要讨论如何利用Helper与辅助功能，可以使用这些功能定制策略以完成任何备份需要。
+
+###回顾 backupninja
+
+backupninja的特点是它完全抛弃纯文本的配置文件/etc/backup.d,软件自己会搞定。另外，我们可以编写自定义脚本（又叫 “handlers”）放在/usr/share/backupninja 目录下来完成不同类型的备份操作。此外，可以通过ninjahelper的基于ncurses的交互式菜单（又叫”helpers"）来指导我们创建一些配置文件，使得人工错误率降到最低。
+
+###创建定制的Handler与Helper
+
+这一节的目标是创建一个脚本，将home目录以**gzip**或**bzip2**压缩包的形式备份起来，不包括音乐与视频文件。我们将这个文件命名为home，将它放在/usr/backup/ninja目录下。
+
+尽管你可以使用默认的tar handler（参考 /usr/share/backupninja/tar 与 /usr/share/backupninja/tar.helper）来达到这个效果,但是我们使用这种方法来展示如何创建实用的 handler 脚本与基于 ncurses 的 helper。你可以根据你的需求来决定如何运用同样的原则。
+
+由于 handlers 来源与主脚本，所以无需以#!/bin/bash开始。
+
+我们推荐的 handler （/usr/share/backupninja/home）如下所示。它带有非常多的注释说明。getconf 功能用来读取备份操作的配置文件。如果你指定了一个变量的值，那么它会覆盖配置文件中对应变量的值：
+
+    #/home 目录 handler 脚本
+     
+    # 每个备份文件会通过 FQDN 来鉴别主机
+    getconf backupname
+     
+    # 备份文件的保存目录
+    getconf backupdir
+     
+    # 默认压缩
+    getconf compress
+     
+    # 包含 /home 目录
+    getconf includes
+     
+    #不包含 *.mp3 与 *.mp4 文件
+    getconf excludes
+     
+    # 默认扩展一打包的备份文件
+    getconf EXTENSION
+     
+    # Absolute path to date binary
+    getconf TAR `which tar`
+     
+    # Absolute path to date binary
+    getconf DATE    `which date`
+     
+    # 日期格式
+    DATEFORMAT="%Y-%m-%d"
+     
+    # 如果备份目录不存在,以致命错误退出
+    if [ ! -d "$backupdir" ]
+    then
+       mkdir -p "$backupdir" || fatal "Can not make directory $backupdir"
+    fi
+     
+    # 如果备份目录不可写, 同样以致命错误退出
+    if [ ! -w "$backupdir" ]
+    then
+       fatal "Directory $backupdir is not writable"
+    fi
+     
+    # 根据压缩格式选择对应的tar选项
+    case $compress in
+       "gzip")
+        compress_option="-z"
+        EXTENSION="tar.gz"
+        ;;
+       "bzip")
+        compress_option="-j"
+        EXTENSION="tar.bz2"
+        ;;
+       "none")
+        compress_option=""
+        ;;
+       *)
+        warning "Unknown compress filter ($tar_compress)"
+        compress_option=""
+        EXTENSION="tar.gz"
+        ;;
+    esac
+     
+    # 不包含一些文件类型/目录
+    exclude_options=""
+    for i in $excludes
+    do
+       exclude_options="$exclude_options --exclude $i"
+    done
+     
+    # 调试信息, 执行备份操作
+    debug "Running backup: " $TAR -c -p -v $compress_option $exclude_options \
+       -f "$backupdir/$backupname-"`$DATE "+$DATEFORMAT"`".$EXTENSION" \
+       $includes
+     
+    # 将标准输出重定向到以.list为扩展的文件  
+    # 将标准错误输出重定向到以.err为扩展的文件
+    $TAR -c -p -v $compress_option $exclude_options \
+       -f "$backupdir/$backupname-"`$DATE "+$DATEFORMAT"`".$EXTENSION" \
+       $includes \
+       > "$backupdir/$backupname-"`$DATE "+$DATEFORMAT"`.list \
+       2> "$backupdir/$backupname-"`$DATE "+$DATEFORMAT"`.err
+     
+    [ $? -ne 0 ] && fatal "Tar backup failed"
+
+接下来我们将要创建helper文件 (/usr/share/backupninja/home.helper)这样，hendlers将会以菜单的形式在**ninjahelper**中显示:
+
+    # 备份操作描述. 以下划线分割单词.
+    HELPERS="$HELPERS home:backup_of_home_directories"
+     
+    home_wizard() {
+       home_title="Home action wizard"
+     
+       backupname=`hostname --fqdn`
+     
+    # 指定备份操作的时间
+       inputBox "$home_title" "When to run this action?" "everyday at 01"
+       [ $? = 1 ] && return
+       home_when_run="when = $REPLY"
+     
+    # 指定备份文件名
+       inputBox "$home_title" "\"Name\" of backups" "$backupname"
+       [ $? = 1 ] && return
+       home_backupname="backupname = $REPLY"
+       backupname="$REPLY"
+     
+    # 指定保存备份文件的默认路径
+       inputBox "$home_title" "Directory where to store the backups" "/var/backups/home"
+       [ $? = 1 ] && return
+       home_backupdir="backupdir = $REPLY"
+     
+    # 指定复选框的默认值
+       radioBox "$home_title" "Compression" \
+        "none"  "No compression" off \
+        "gzip"  "Compress with gzip" on \
+        "bzip"  "Compress with bzip" off
+       [ $? = 1 ] && return;
+       result="$REPLY"
+       home_compress="compress = $REPLY "
+     
+       REPLY=
+       while [ -z "$REPLY" ]; do
+        formBegin "$home_title: Includes"
+            formItem "Include:" /home/gacanepa
+        formDisplay
+        [ $? = 0 ] || return 1
+        home_includes="includes = "
+        for i in $REPLY; do
+            [ -n "$i" ] && home_includes="$home_includes $i"
+        done
+       done
+     
+       REPLY=
+       while [ -z "$REPLY" ]; do
+        formBegin "$home_title: Excludes"
+            formItem "Exclude:" *.mp3
+            formItem "Exclude:" *.mp4
+            # 按需增加多个“Exclude”文本框指定其他不须包含的内容
+    formItem "Exclude:"
+            formItem "Exclude:"
+        formDisplay
+        [ $? = 0 ] || return 1
+        home_excludes="excludes = "
+        for i in $REPLY; do
+            [ -n "$i" ] && home_excludes="$home_excludes $i"
+        done
+       done
+     
+    # 保存配置
+       get_next_filename $configdirectory/10.home
+       cat > $next_filename <<EOF
+    $home_when_run
+    $home_backupname
+    $home_backupdir
+    $home_compress
+    $home_includes
+    $home_excludes
+     
+    # 二进制压缩包，必须为GNU tar
+    TAR    `which tar`
+    DATE    `which date`
+    DATEFORMAT  "%Y-%m-%d"
+    EXTENSION    tar
+     
+    EOF
+    # 将配置文件的权限改为600
+       chmod 600 $next_filename
+    }
+
+###运行 ninjahelper###
+
+当创建了名为home的handler脚本以及对应的名为home.helper的helper后，运行ninjahelper命令创建一个新的备份操作。
+
+	#ninjahelper
+
+选择 create a new backup action(创建一个新的备份操作).
+
+![](https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7467/15322605273_90edaa5bc1_z.jpg)
+
+接下来将看到可选的操作类型，这里选择“backup of home directories"(备份home目录);
+
+![](https://farm9.staticflickr.com/8636/15754955450_f3ef82217b_z.jpg)
+
+接下来会显示在helper中设置的默认值（这里只有3个）。可以编辑文本框中的值。注意，关于”when”变量的语法，参考文档的日程安排章节。
+
+![](https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7508/15941578982_24b680e1c3_z.jpg)
+
+![](https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7562/15916429476_6e84b307aa_z.jpg)
+
+![](https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7528/15319968994_41705b7283_z.jpg)
+
+当完成备份操作的创建后，它会显示在ninjahelper的初始化菜单中：
+
+![](https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7534/15942239225_bb66dbdb63.jpg)
+
+按回车键显示这个备份操作的选项。因为它非常简单，可所以我们可以随便对它进行一些实验。
+
+注意，“run this action now"(立即运行)选项会不顾日程表安排的时间而立即进行备份操作：
+
+![](https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7508/15754955470_9af6251096_z.jpg)
+
+备份操作会发生一些错误，debug会提供一些有用的信息以帮助你定位错误并纠正。例如，当备份操作有错误并且没有被纠正，那么当它运行时将会打印出如下所示的错误信息。
+
+![](https://farm9.staticflickr.com/8662/15754955480_487d040fcd_z.jpg)
+
+上面的图片告诉我们，备份操作讲不会成功，因为它所需要链接的远程主机似乎宕机了。另外，在helper文件中指定的目录不存在。当纠正这些问题后，重新开始备份操作。
+
+需要牢记的事情：
+
+ - 当你新建了一个自定义脚本来处（如foobar）理特殊的备份操作时，那么你还需要编写与之对应的helper（foobar.helper）文件,ninjahelper 将通过它生成名为10.foobar(下一个操作为11，以此类推）的文件，保存在/etc/backup.d目录下，而这个文件才是备份操作的真正的配置文件。
+ - 可以通过ninjahelper设定行备份操作的执行时间，或按照”when”变量中设置的频率来执行。
+
+###总结###
+
+在这篇文章中，我们探讨了如何从头创建我们自己的备份操作，以及如何向ninjahelper添加相关的菜单以生成对应的配置文件。通过[上一篇][2]与这一篇文章，我希望我已经给出了足够好的理由让你继续研究，或者至少应该尝试一下。
+
+------------------------------
+
+via: http://xmodulo.com/create-custom-backup-plan-debian.html
+
+作者：[ Gabriel Cánepa][a]
+译者：[SPccman](https://github.com/译者ID)
+校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[a]:http://xmodulo.com/author/gabriel
+[1]:http://xmodulo.com/backup-debian-system-backupninja.html
+[2]:http://xmodulo.com/backup-debian-system-backupninja.html