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The Best Linux Distribution for New Users
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This is a debate that most certainly brings out the beast in many a Linux user. The argument doesn't generally boil down to which distribution is truly best suited for new users, but which distribution is favored by those in the debate. If we set our personal preferences aside, a clearer picture can arise. But even that clarity can quickly get obscured by the needs and desires of the new users. Given that, I decided to take a different approach to finding the “best distro for new users." My criteria for best distribution must not only be easy to use, but also must appeal to a more modern design aesthetic brought about by the ever-growing thrust of the mobile interface metaphor.
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For the purposes of this examination, to be included in the short list a distribution must:
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- Be incredibly user-friendly
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- Include, out of the box, all common apps
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- Include some form of an app store
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- Offer a modern user interface.
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Let me explain each criteria.
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### User-friendliness ###
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This is such a hotly debatable topic. But the truth of the matter is – a new user must be able to pick up a flavor of Linux and just start using it, with little to no explaining. If too much explanation must be given, then the distribution is not user friendly. I hate to be that guy, but nearly any user can sit in front of a Windows 7 or OS X desktop and start using it with almost zero coaching. That is what every Linux desktop should shoot for.
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### Common apps ###
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Users should not have to install the necessities out of the box. Period. And just what are the necessities? The list grows shorter every year. Currently, the list of must-have apps are:
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- Web browser: Either Chrome or Firefox (sorry, all other browsers need not apply)
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- Email client: Thunderbird is the obvious choice
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- Office Suite: LibreOffice. End of story
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- Music player: Play local files and connect to streaming services (such as Spotify).
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That's the short list of apps nearly every user depends upon.
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### App store ###
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Thanks to that ever-growing dependency on mobile devices, users have grown accustomed to app stores. Linux has had these for quite some time (Synaptic being one of the oldest). Without a well thought-out app store, users will struggle with adding software in the Linux environment. This is, without a doubt, crucial.
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### Modern interface ###
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I've mentioned the mobile landscape a number of times already. Thanks to iOS and Android, users have grown fond of the modern UI. The desktop needs to follow suit and draw the attention of users with a unique, modern, yet easy-to-use interface. The old metaphor is no longer as effective in a multi-touch-friendly, mobile world.
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Top three distros
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With the criteria in place, which distributions meet (or exceed) our needs? First, let's examine the top three candidates. Each of the following meets (or exceeds) the criteria.
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#### Ubuntu ####
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[Ubuntu Linux][1] has long reigned the king of user-friendly Linux. Out of the box, it's a challenge to find a desktop (Unity) that is more engaging and easy to use... even for those unfamiliar to the platform. The desktop layout, although different, is logical and intuitive. With the addition of one of the single most powerful search tools of any desktop environment, Ubuntu Unity should be considered a crowning achievement among the Linux faithful.
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#### Linux Mint ####
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If there is a distribution set to usurp the crown from the king, it is [Linux Mint][2]. Linux Mint takes a more standard approach to the desktop, but layers just enough eye candy and variation to make it stand out from the long-in-the-tooth desktop metaphor. Linux Mint is based on Ubuntu, so it does benefit from the stability and reliability found in its big brother.
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#### Linux Deepin ####
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New to the user-friendly list is [Linux Deepin][3]. This relatively new distribution hails from China and should be making some serious waves. Why? Because it takes the Linux desktop and turns it into a thing of artistic beauty; while at the same time retaining a high level of user-friendliness. When the newest iteration of this distribution is released, I expect big things. Linux Deepin takes the GNOME 3 desktop and retools it into something completely different and completely marvelous.
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### Scoring the Distros ###
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With the top contenders listed, let's compare each to our criteria and rank each. Scoring for the distributions is as such: For each criteria, the distributions are ranked first to last (first getting 1 point, last getting 3 points). In the end, all scores are totaled to determine the winner -- lowest score wins.
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#### User-friendliness ####
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This is probably the tightest of categories and hardest to judge. Each distribution is tops in user-friendliness in different ways. In the end, I'd rank the top three:
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1. Linux Mint
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2. Ubuntu Linux
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3. Linux Deepin
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Why? Mint gains a slight edge simply because it still holds to the old metaphor of start menu, task bar, and desktop icons. The margin of victory is incredibly slim though, as both Ubuntu and Linux Deepin require next to zero learning curve – even for the yet-to-be-initiated.
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#### Common apps ####
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The only reason this category is hard to judge is because each distribution includes all of the necessary applications. Although Linux Deepin currently offers Kingsoft Office (one of the finest mobile office suite solutions), the plans are to default to LibreOffice in the 2014 release.
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One of my issues with the common apps falls into that of audio players. Though I stream a lot of music (using the Spotify client), when I play music on my local drive, I always use Clementine. The default players are:
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- Ubuntu: Rhythmbox
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- Linux Mint: Banshee
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- Linux Deepen: DMusic.
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Of the three, Banshee (Figure 1) offers the most features, DMusic (Figure 2) offers the best interface, and (surprisingly enough) Rhythmbox (Figure 3) is, by far, the least reliable.
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banshee
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dmusic
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rhythmbox
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So, how do they score? Like so:
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1. Linux Mint
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2. Ubuntu Linux
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3. Linux Deepin
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#### App store ####
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This category cannot go without being addressed. Why? Because the app store can easily make or break a Linux distribution for a new user. There will always be apps needed and no new user wants to jump through the hoops of learning the command line. Each distribution has their own take on the app store.
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- Ubuntu: Ubuntu Software Center
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- Mint: Software Manager
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- Linux Deepin: Deepin Software Center
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It should be said, that each of these tools is based on the Ubuntu Software Center. What is odd about this is that it is the Ubuntu Software Center that lands squarely on the bottom. The primary reason for this is the Ubuntu Software Center is very slow – even on an incredibly powerful machine.
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I would order the app stores as such:
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1. Linux Deepin
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2. Linux Mint
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3. Ubuntu Linux
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Each of the app stores functions in a very similar manner. The reason Linux Deepin gets the top bill is twofold: The interface is easier to navigate and the application opens far faster than either the Ubuntu Software Manager or the Mint Software Manager.
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#### Modern interface ####
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This is the category in which Linux Mint falls way, way behind. Even though it does offer a bit of eye candy and a more shallow learning curve, Linux Mint still suffers from what is, by comparison, a very outdated desktop. Even on powerful hardware (with solid graphics), Linux Mint still looks like it could very easily have been transported from the late 1990s. To that end, we must look to either Ubuntu Linux or Linux Deepin to bring us into the future. The winner is:
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1. Linux Deepin
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2. Ubuntu Linux
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3. Linux Mint
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What Linux Deepin does is use GNOME 3 to create an amalgam of GNOME and OSX that works so beautifully, you think you're dealing with a piece of interactive art.
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### The overall winner ###
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Although this is very rudimentary, the order of our best Linux distro for new users would be:
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1. Linux Mint with a collective score of 7
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2. Linux Deepin with a collective score of 8
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3. Ubuntu Linux with a collective score of 9
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If you're wondering about the 'writer opinion' of this piece, know this: I have used Ubuntu Linux for years (and still do). I have recently been quoted as saying “If there's a Linux distro that will sway me from Ubuntu, it's Linux Deepin.” Although I appreciate Linux Mint for what it is, I only use it for testing purposes. With that said, Linux Mint is the clear winner, when it comes to best Linux distribution for new users.
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Here's the real truth of this matter – you can't go wrong with any of these Linux desktops. They each shine in their own right. If you're looking for a true beauty, go with Linux Deepin. If you want a combination of beauty and ease of use, go with Ubuntu Linux. If you just want simplicity and you don't care about eye candy, go with Linux Mint. No matter which way you go, it's a win-win-win scenario.
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What do you think? How would you rank the three chosen desktops? Or, would you write in a completely different Linux distribution for best in show for the new users (and why)?
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.linux.com/news/software/applications/775873-the-best-linux-distribution-for-new-users/
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:http://www.ubuntu.com/
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[2]:http://www.linuxmint.com/
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[3]:http://www.linuxdeepin.com/index.en.html
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@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
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对新用户来说最好的Linux发行版
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================================================================================
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这个争论无疑给许多Linux用户带来了麻烦。争论不能普遍归结为哪个发行版是真正最适合新用户的，而是哪个发行版受这些争论者的喜爱。如果我们撇开个人喜爱，我们会看到更清楚的一面。但即使这样，清晰也很快会被新用户的需求和期望遮蔽。考虑到这点，我决定采取一个不同的方法来找出“对新用户来说最好的发行版”。我评判最好发行版的标准不仅是易用，而且还要呼吁由日益增长的移动界面隐喻推动带来的现代设计美学。
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为了这次评测，发行版必须要有如下要求：
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- 非常友好
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- 包括，开箱即用，所有常用的应用程序
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- 包括某个形式的应用程序商店
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- 提供一个时尚的用户界面
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让我解释一下各个标准
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### 用户友好 ###
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这是一个备受争议的话题。但事实的真相是——新用户必须能够获得一种风格的Linux并开始使用，需要很少或不需要解释。如果必须很出太多解释，那么这个发行版便不是用户友好的。我不想成为那样的人，但是几乎任何用户都可以在近乎零指导的情况下坐在Windows 7或OS X桌面前并开始使用它。这是每一个Linux桌面都应当争取去做的。
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### 常用应用程序 ###
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安装好系统后用户不应该去安装必需的程序。那么什么是必需的呢？每年列表都会变短。目前，必备的程序列表如下：
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- 网页浏览器：Chrome或者Firefox（对不起，其他的浏览器不需提供）
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- 电子邮件客户端：Thunderbird是显而易见的选择。
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- Office办公套件：LibreOffice。就这样。
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- 音乐播放器：播放本地文件以及连接到流媒体服务（比如Spotify）。
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这是几乎所有用户需要的应用程序的简表。
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### 应用程序商店 ###
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由于移动设备需求的日益增长，用户已经习惯了应用商店。Linux有应用商店很长时间了（Synaptic是最古老的一个）。没有一个经深思熟虑做的应用商店，用户将会挣扎于在Linux环境中添加软件。毫无疑问，这一点至关重要。
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### 时尚的界面 ###
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我已经多次提到移动设备的美化。由于iOS和Android，用户越来越喜欢时尚的界面。Linux的桌面需要进行效仿并且用独特的、时尚的和易用的界面来吸引用户注意力。旧的隐喻在多触控友好的移动世界里不再有影响力。
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排名前三的发行版
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以文中的标准，哪个发行版本满足了（或超过）我们的需求？首先，让我们来审查一下前三名的候选者。以下哪个满足了（或超过）标准。
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#### Ubuntu ####
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[Ubuntu Linux][1]一直为用户友好型Linux的王者。开箱即用，寻找一个迷人和易用的桌面（Unity）是一个挑战，甚至是对于那些对平台不熟悉的人。它的桌面布局虽然与众不同，但却是合乎逻辑和很直观的。对于在桌面环境中添加一个最强大的搜索工具，在Linux中Ubuntu Unity应当获得最高成就。
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#### Linux Mint ####
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如果认为有一个篡夺王位的发行版，那它就是[Linux Mint][2]。Linux Mint做了更多桌面的标准方法，但是图层华丽且多变使其从老旧的桌面隐喻中脱颖而出。Linux Mint基于Ubuntu，所以它得益于“老大哥”Ubuntu的稳定性和可靠性。
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#### Linux Deepin ####
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用户友好型列表中的新成员是[Linux Deepin][3]。这个相对较新的受欢迎的发行版来自中国，而且应该扬起一些认真的浪波。为什么这样说？因为它使得Linux桌面转变为艺术美；同时也保持了高水平的用户友好性。我期待它的新版本发布将是个大事件。Linux Deepin使用的是GNOME 3桌面并将它重组得完全不同的,完全不可思议。
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### 各发行版的比分 ###
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在最佳的竞争者名单中，我们来比较一下每一个标准和等级。每个发行版的比分如下：对于每个标准，发行版排名从高到底（第一名得一分，最后一名得三分）。最后，总分决定谁是冠军——最低得分获胜。
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#### 用户友好性 ####
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这可能是最严密的分类和最艰难的判别。每个发行版以不同的方法在用户友好性上都各有优势。最后，我的排名是：
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1. Linux Mint
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2. Ubuntu Linux
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3. Linux Deepin
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为什么是这样呢？Mint仅有微小的优势，因为它的开始按钮，任务栏和桌面图标仍然使用旧的桌面隐喻。胜者的优势很微小，Ubuntu和Linux Deepin要求的学习曲线近乎为零——甚至是对于未使用者。
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#### 常用的应用程序 ####
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这一类别难以判断的唯一原因是因为每个发行版都包括所有必要的应用程序。虽然Linux Deepin目前提供的是金山Office（一个最好的移动办公套件解决方案），它计划在2014发行版本中默认使用LibreOffice。
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常用程序的我的一个问题是关于音乐播放器。虽然我在线听过很多音乐（使用Spotify客户端），但当我播放本地音乐时，总是使用Clementine。他们的默认播放器是：
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- Ubuntu: Rhythmbox
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- Linux Mint: Banshee
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- Linux Deepen: DMusic.
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三者中，Banshee（图1）提供了最多的功能，DMusic（图2）提供了最好的界面，（令人惊讶的）Rhythmbox（图3）目前最不稳定。
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banshee
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dmusic
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rhythmbox
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所以，他们得分多少？如下：
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1. Linux Mint
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2. Ubuntu Linux
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3. Linux Deepin
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#### 应用程序商店 ####
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如果不分析这部分将难进行。为什么呢？因为对于新用户应用商店可以轻易成就或是毁掉一个Linux发行版。总会有应用需求而且没有用户想经过命令行的重重考验。每个发行版都有自己的应用商店。
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- Ubuntu: Ubuntu软件中心
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- Mint: 软件管理器
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- Linux Deepin: Deepin软件中心
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应该说，这些工具中的每一个都是基于Ubuntu软件中心。奇怪的是Ubuntu软件中心却正好排在最底。主要原因是Ubuntu软件中心太慢了——甚至在一个非常强大的机器上。
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我将应用商店排名设为如下：
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1. Linux Deepin
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2. Linux Mint
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3. Ubuntu Linux
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每个应用商店有非常相似的功能。Linux Deepin获得第一的原因有两个：界面易于控制而且程序开启速度远远快于Ubuntu软件中心和Mint软件管理器。
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#### 时尚的界面 ####
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在这部分Linux Mint远远落后。尽管它提供了一个华美的界面和有很浅的学习曲线，但相比之下它仍然是一个非常过时的桌面。甚至在强大的硬件（有强大的显卡）上，Linux Mint仍然很容易被看成是来自90年代末的桌面。为了评判结果，我们必须看看是Ubuntu Linux还是Linux Deepin能带我们走进未来。胜者是：
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1. Linux Deepin
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2. Ubuntu Linux
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3. Linux Mint
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Linux Deepin使用GNOME 3来制作一个使用起来很漂亮的GNOME和OSX的混合体，你会认为你在处理一件互动的艺术品。
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### 总冠军 ###
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虽然这是很初步的，对新用户来说最好的Linux发行版顺序应该是：
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1. Linux Mint的总得分是7
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2. Linux Deepin的总得分是8
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3. Ubuntu Linux的总得分是9
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如果你想知道关于这篇文章的作者主张，要知道：我已经使用Ubuntu Linux很多年了（而且仍在用）。我最近一直在说“如果有一个Linux发行版动摇使用Ubuntu的想法，它便是Linux Deepin。”虽然我很欣赏Linux Mint，但我只是用它来进行测试。当说到对新用户最好的Linux发型版，Linux Mint是显而易见的赢家。
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这件事真正的真相是——你在使用这些桌面中任何一个都不会错。他们都各有所长。如果你追求真正的美丽，使用Linux Deepin吧。如果你想要漂亮外观与易用结合，那就使用Ubuntu Linux。如果你只想要简单而且并不在乎漂亮的外观，那就用Linux Mint。不管你选哪一个，这都是三赢的局面。
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你怎么认为？你会如何排这三个桌面的名次？或者，你是否会写一个不同的Linux发行版，该发行版在外表上来说对新用户最好的？（还有原因是什么？）
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.linux.com/news/software/applications/775873-the-best-linux-distribution-for-new-users/
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译者：[linuhap](https://github.com/linuhap) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:http://www.ubuntu.com/
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[2]:http://www.linuxmint.com/
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[3]:http://www.linuxdeepin.com/index.en.html
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