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[Translating] sources/20150512 How To Run Docker Client Inside Windo…
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How To Run Docker Client Inside Windows OS
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================================================================================
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Hi everyone, today we'll learn about Docker in Windows Operating System and about the installation of Docker Windows Client in it. Docker Engine uses Linux Specific Kernel features so it cannot use Windows Kernel to run so, the Docker Engine creates a small Virtual Machine running Linux and utilizes its resources and Kernel. The Windows Docker Client uses the virtualized Docker Engine to build, run and manage Docker Containers out of the box. There is an application developed by the Boot2Docker Team called Boot2Docker which creates the virtual machine running a small Linux based on [Tiny Core Linux][1] made specifically to run [Docker][2] containers on Windows. It runs completely from RAM, weighs ~27MB and boots in ~5s (YMMV). So, until the Docker Engine for Windows is developed, we can only run Linux containers in our Windows Machine.
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Here is some easy and simple steps which will allow us to install the Docker Client and run containers on top of it.
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### 1. Downloading Boot2Docker ###
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Now, before we start the installation, we'll need the executable file for Boot2Docker. The latest version of Boot2Docker can be downloaded from [its Github][3]. Here, in this tutorial, we'll download version v1.6.1 from the site. Here, we'll download the file named [docker-install.exe][4] from that page using our favorite Web Browser or Download Manager.
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### 2. Installing Boot2Docker ###
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Now, we'll simply run the installer which will install Windows Docker Client, Git for Windows (MSYS-git), VirtualBox, The Boot2Docker Linux ISO, and the Boot2Docker management tool which are essential for the total functioning of Docker Engine out of the box.
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### 3. Running Boot2Docker ###
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After installing the necessary stuffs, we'll run Boot2Docker by simply running the Boot2Docker Start shortcut from the Desktop. This will ask you to enter an SSH key paraphrase that we'll require in future for authentication. It will start a unix shell already configured to manage Docker running inside the virtual machine.
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Now to check whether it is correctly configured or not, simply run docker version as shown below.
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docker version
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### 4. Running Docker ###
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As **Boot2Docker Start** automatically starts a shell with environment variables correctly set so we can simply start using Docker right away. **Please note that, if we are Boot2Docker as remote Docker Daemon , then do not type the sudo before the docker commands.**
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Now, Let's try the **hello-world** example image which will download the hello-world image, executes it and gives an output "Hello from Docker" message.
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$ docker run hello-world
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### 5. Running Docker using Command Prompt (CMD) ###
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Now, if you are wanting to get started with Docker using Command Prompt, you can simply launch the command prompt (CMD.exe). As Boot2Docker requires ssh.exe to be in the PATH, therefore we need to include bin folder of the Git installation to the %PATH% environment variable by running the following command in the command prompt.
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set PATH=%PATH%;"c:\Program Files (x86)\Git\bin"
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After running the above command, we can run the **boot2docker start** command in the command prompt to start the Boot2Docker VM.
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boot2docker start
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**Note**: If you get an error saying machine does not exist then run **boot2docker init** command in it.
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Then copy the instructions for cmd.exe shown in the console to set the environment variables to the console window and we are ready to run docker containers as usual.
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### 6. Running Docker using PowerShell ###
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In order to run Docker on PowerShell, we simply need to launch a PowerShell window then add ssh.exe to our PATH variable.
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$Env:Path = "${Env:Path};c:\Program Files (x86)\Git\bin"
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After running the above command, we'll need to run
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boot2docker start
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This will print PowerShell commands to set the environment variables to connect Docker running inside VM. We'll simply run those commands in the PowerShell and we are ready to run docker containers as usual.
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### 7. Logging with PUTTY ###
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Boot2Docker generates and uses the public or private key pair inside %USERPROFILE%\.ssh directory so to login, we'll need use the private key from this same directory. That private key needs to be converted into the PuTTY 's format. We can use puttygen.exe to do that.
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We need to open puttygen.exe and load ("File"->"Load" menu) the private key from %USERPROFILE%\.ssh\id_boot2docker then click on "Save Private Key". Then use the saved file to login with PuTTY using docker@127.0.0.1:2022 .
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### 8. Boot2Docker Options ###
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The Boot2Docker management tool provides several commands as shown below.
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$ boot2docker
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Usage: boot2docker.exe [<options>] {help|init|up|ssh|save|down|poweroff|reset|restart|config|status|info|ip|shellinit|delete|download|upgrade|version} [<args>]
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### Conclusion ###
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Using Docker with Docker Windows Client is fun. The Boot2Docker management tool is an awesome application developed which enables every Docker containers to run smoothly as running in Linux host. If you are more curious, the username for the boot2docker default user is docker and the password is tcuser. The latest version of boot2docker sets up a host only network adapter which provides access to the container's ports. Typically, it is 192.168.59.103, but it could get changed by Virtualbox's DHCP implementation. If you have any questions, suggestions, feedback please write them in the comment box below so that we can improve or update our contents. Thank you ! Enjoy :-)
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://linoxide.com/linux-how-to/run-docker-client-inside-windows-os/
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作者：[Arun Pyasi][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://linoxide.com/author/arunp/
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[1]:http://tinycorelinux.net/
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[2]:https://www.docker.io/
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[3]:https://github.com/boot2docker/windows-installer/releases/latest
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[4]:https://github.com/boot2docker/windows-installer/releases/download/v1.6.1/docker-install.exe
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如何在 Windows 操作系统中运行 Docker 客户端
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================================================================================
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大家好，今天我们来了解一下 Windows 操作系统中的 Docker 以及在其中安装 Docker Windows 客户端的知识。Docker 引擎使用 Linux 特定内核特性，因此不能通过 Windows 内核运行，Docker 引擎创建一个小的虚拟系统运行 Linux 并利用它的资源和内核。Windows Docker 客户端用虚拟化 Docker 引擎构建，运行以及管理 盒子以外的 Docker 容器。这里有个由 Boot2Docker 团队开发的名为 Boot2Docker 的应用程序，它创建运行在基于[Linux 微内核][1]的小型 Linux 系统上的虚拟机，是特意为在 Windows 上运行 [Docker][2] 容器开发的。它完全运行在 RAM 中，需要大约 27M 内存并能在 5s(YMMV,译者注：your mileage may vary，因人而异) 内启动。因此，在用于 Windows 的 Docker 引擎被开发出来之前，我们在 Windows 机器里只能运行 Linux 容器。
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下面是安装 Docker 客户端并在上面运行容器的简单步骤。
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### 1. 下载 Boot2Docker ###
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在我们开始安装之前，我们需要 Boot2Docker 的可执行文件。可以从 [它的 Github][3] 下载最新版本的 Boot2Docker。在这篇指南中，我们从网站中下载版本 v1.6.1。我们从那网页中用我们喜欢的浏览器或者下载管理器下载了名为 [docker-install.exe][4] 的文件。
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### 2. 安装 Boot2Docker ###
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现在我们运行安装文件，它会安装 Window Docker 客户端、用于 Windows 的 Git(MSYS-git)、VirtualBox、Boot2Docker Linux ISO 以及 Boot2Docker 管理工具，这些对于在盒子之外运行 Docker 引擎都至关重要。
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### 3. 运行 Boot2Docker ###
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安装完成必要的组件之后，我们从桌面 Boot2Docker 快捷方式启动 Boot2Docker。它会要求你输入以后用于验证的 SSH 密钥。然后会启动一个配置好的用于管理在虚拟机中运行的 Docker 的 unix shell。
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为了检查是否正确配置，运行下面的 docker version 命令。
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docker version
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### 4. 运行 Docker ###
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由于 **Boot2Docker Start** 自动启动了一个已经正确设置好环境变量的 shell，我们可以马上开始使用 Docker。**请注意，如果我们将 Boot2Docker 作为一个远程 Docker 守护进程，那么不要在 docker 命令之前加 sudo。**
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现在，让我们来试试 **hello-world** 例子镜像，它会下载 hello-world 镜像，运行并输出 "Hello from Docker" 信息。
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$ docker run hello-world
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### 5. 使用命令提示符(CMD) 运行 Docker###
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现在，如果你想开始用命令提示符使用 Docker，你可以打开命令提示符(CMD.exe)。由于 Boot2Docker 要求 ssh.exe 在 PATH 中，我们需要在命令提示符中输入以下命令使得 %PATH% 环境变量中包括 Git 安装目录下的 bin 文件夹。
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set PATH=%PATH%;"c:\Program Files (x86)\Git\bin"
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运行上面的命令之后，我们可以在命令提示符中运行 **boot2docker start** 启动 Boot2Docker 虚拟机。
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boot2docker start
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**注意**: 如果你看到 machine does no exist 的错误信息，就运行 **boot2docker init** 命令。
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然后复制控制台中的命令到 cmd.exe 中为控制台窗口设置环境变量，然后我们就可以像平常一样运行 docker 容器了。
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### 6. 使用 PowerShell 运行 Docker ###
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为了能在 PowerShell 中运行 Docker，我们需要启动一个 PowerShell 窗口并添加 ssh.exe 到 PATH 变量。
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$Env:Path = "${Env:Path};c:\Program Files (x86)\Git\bin"
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运行完上面的命令，我们还需要运行
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boot2docker start
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这会打印用于设置环境变量连接到虚拟机内部运行的 Docker 的 PowerShell 命令。我们只需要在 PowerShell 中运行这些命令就可以和平常一样运行 docker 容器。
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### 7. 用 PUTTY 登录 ###
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Boot2Docker 在%USERPROFILE%\.ssh 目录生成和使用用于登录的公共和私有密钥，我们也需要使用这个文件夹中的私有密钥。私有密钥需要转换为 PuTTY 的格式。我们可以通过 puttygen.exe 实现。
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我们需要打开 puttygen.exe 并从 %USERPROFILE%\.ssh\id_boot2docker 中导入("File"->"Load" 菜单)私钥，然后点击 "Save Private Key"。然后用保存的文件通过 PuTTY 用 docker@127.0.0.1:2022 登录。
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### 8. Boot2Docker 选项 ###
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Boot2Docker 管理工具提供了一些命令，如下所示。
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$ boot2docker
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Usage: boot2docker.exe [<options>] {help|init|up|ssh|save|down|poweroff|reset|restart|config|status|info|ip|shellinit|delete|download|upgrade|version} [<args>]
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### 总结 ###
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通过 Docker Windows 客户端使用 Docker 很有趣。Boot2Docker 管理工具是一个能使任何 Docker 容器能像在 Linux 主机上平稳运行的很棒的应用程序。如果你更仔细的话，你会发现 boot2docker 默认用户的用户名是 docker，密码是 tcuser。最新版本的 boot2docker 设置了一个 host-only 的网络适配器提供访问容器的端口。一般来说是 192.168.59.103，但可以通过 VirtualBox 的 DHCP 实现改变。如果你有任何问题、建议、反馈，请在下面的评论框中写下来然后我们可以改进或者更新我们的内容。非常感谢！Enjoy:-)
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://linoxide.com/linux-how-to/run-docker-client-inside-windows-os/
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作者：[Arun Pyasi][a]
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译者：[ictlyh](https://github.com/ictlyh)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://linoxide.com/author/arunp/
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[1]:http://tinycorelinux.net/
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[2]:https://www.docker.io/
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[3]:https://github.com/boot2docker/windows-installer/releases/latest
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[4]:https://github.com/boot2docker/windows-installer/releases/download/v1.6.1/docker-install.exe
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