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[su-kaiyao]translating
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10 ‘free’ Commands to Check Memory Usage in Linux
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================================================================================
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**Linux** is one of the most popular open source operating system and comes with huge set of commands. The most important and single way of determining the total available space of the **physical memory** and **swap memory** is by using “**free**” command.
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The Linux “**free**” command gives information about total used and available space of **physical memory** and **swap memory** with **buffers** used by kernel in **Linux/Unix** like operating systems.
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This article provides some useful examples of “**free**” commands with options, that might be useful for you to better utilize memory that you have.
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### 1. Display System Memory ###
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Free command used to check the used and available space of **physical memory** and **swap memory** in **KB**. See the command in action below.
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# free
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total used free shared buffers cached
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Mem: 1021628 912548 109080 0 120368 655548
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-/+ buffers/cache: 136632 884996
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Swap: 4194296 0 4194296
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### 2. Display Memory in Bytes ###
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Free command with option **-b**, display the size of memory in **Bytes**.
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# free -b
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total used free shared buffers cached
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Mem: 1046147072 934420480 111726592 0 123256832 671281152
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-/+ buffers/cache: 139882496 906264576
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Swap: 4294959104 0 4294959104
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### 3. Display Memory in Kilo Bytes ###
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Free command with option **-k**, display the size of memory in (KB) **Kilobytes**.
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# free -k
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total used free shared buffers cached
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Mem: 1021628 912520 109108 0 120368 655548
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-/+ buffers/cache: 136604 885024
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Swap: 4194296 0 4194296
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### 4. Display Memory in Megabytes ###
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To see the size of the memory in **(MB) Megabytes** use option as **-m**.
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# free -m
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total used free shared buffers cached
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Mem: 997 891 106 0 117 640
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-/+ buffers/cache: 133 864
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Swap: 4095 0 4095
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### 5. Display Memory in Gigabytes ###
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Using **-g** option with free command, would display the size of the memory in **GB(Gigabytes)**.
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# free -g
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total used free shared buffers cached
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Mem: 0 0 0 0 0 0
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-/+ buffers/cache: 0 0
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Swap: 3 0 3
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### 6. Display Total Line ###
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Free command with -t option, will list the total line at the end.
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# free -t
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total used free shared buffers cached
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Mem: 1021628 912520 109108 0 120368 655548
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-/+ buffers/cache: 136604 885024
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Swap: 4194296 0 4194296
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Total: 5215924 912520 4303404
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### 7. Disable Display of Buffer Adjusted Line ###
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By default the free command display “**buffer adjusted**” line, to disable this line use option as -o.
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# free -o
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total used free shared buffers cached
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Mem: 1021628 912520 109108 0 120368 655548
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Swap: 4194296 0 4194296
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### 8. Dispaly Memory Status for Regular Intervals ###
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The -s option with number, used to update free command at regular intervals. For example, the below command will update free command every 5 seconds.
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# free -s 5
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total used free shared buffers cached
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Mem: 1021628 912368 109260 0 120368 655548
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-/+ buffers/cache: 136452 885176
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Swap: 4194296 0 4194296
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### 9. Show Low and High Memory Statistics ###
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The -l switch displays detailed high and low memory size statistics.
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# free -l
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total used free shared buffers cached
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Mem: 1021628 912368 109260 0 120368 655548
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Low: 890036 789064 100972
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High: 131592 123304 8288
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-/+ buffers/cache: 136452 885176
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Swap: 4194296 0 4194296
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### 10. Check Free Version ###
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The -V option, display free command version information.
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# free -V
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procps version 3.2.8
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.tecmint.com/check-memory-usage-in-linux/
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作者：[Ravi Saive][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://www.tecmint.com/author/admin/
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@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
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10个检测Linux内存使用情况的‘free’命令
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===
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**Linux**是最有名的开源操作系统之一，它拥有着极其巨大的指令集。确定**物理内存**和**交换内存**所有可用空间的最重要，也是唯一的方法是使用“**free**”命令。
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Linux “**free**”命令通过给出**Linux/Unix**操作系统中内核已使用的**buffers**情况，来提供**物理内存**和**交换内存**的总使用量和可用量。
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这篇文章提供一些带有参数选项的“**free**”命令，这些命令对于你更好地利用你的内存会有帮助。
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### 1. 显示你的系统内存 ###
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free命令用于检测**物理内存**和**交换内存**已使用量和可用量（单位为**KB**）。下面演示命令的使用情况。
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# free
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total used free shared buffers cach
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ed
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Mem: 1021628 912548 109080 0 120368 6555
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48
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-/+ buffers/cache: 136632 884996
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Swap: 4194296 0 4194296
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### 2. 以字节为单位显示内存 ###
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加上**-b**参数的free命令，以**字节**为单位显示内存的大小。
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# free -b
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total used free shared buffers cach
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ed
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Mem: 1046147072 934420480 111726592 0 123256832 6712811
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52
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-/+ buffers/cache: 139882496 906264576
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Swap: 4294959104 0 4294959104
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### 3. 以千字节为单位显示内存 ###
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加上**-k**参数的free命令，以(KB)**千字节**为单位显示内存大小。
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# free -k
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total used free shared buffers cach
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ed
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Mem: 1021628 912520 109108 0 120368 655548
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-/+ buffers/cache: 136604 885024
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Swap: 4194296 0 4194296
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### 4. 以兆字节为单位显示内存 ###
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想以**(兆字节)**显示内存大小，使用**-m**参数。
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# free -m
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total used free shared buffers cach
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ed
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Mem: 997 891 106 0 117 6
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40
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-/+ buffers/cache: 133 864
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Swap: 4095 0 4095
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### 5. 以千兆字节为单位显示内存 ###
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使用**-g**为参数，将会以**GB(千兆字节)**为单位显示内存大小。
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# free -g
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total used free shared buffers cached
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Mem: 0 0 0 0 0
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0
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-/+ buffers/cache: 0 0
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Swap: 3 0 3
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### 6. 显示总计行 ###
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加上-t选项，将会在屏幕最后列出总计一行。
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# free -t
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total used free shared buffers cache
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d
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Mem: 1021628 912520 109108 0 120368 6555
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48
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-/+ buffers/cache: 136604 885024
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Swap: 4194296 0 4194296
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Total: 5215924 912520 4303404
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### 7. 关闭显示缓冲区调整一行 ###
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默认情况下，free命令是显示“**缓冲区调整**”一行的，为了关闭显示，可以加上-o参数。
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# free -o
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total used free shared buffers cache
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d
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Mem: 1021628 912520 109108 0 120368 6555
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48
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Swap: 4194296 0 4194296
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### 8. 定期时间间隔更新内存状态 ###
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-s选项加上一个整数，用来在定期时间间隔内更新free命令。举个例子，下面的命令将会在每5秒更新一个free命令。
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# free -s 5
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total used free shared buffers cach
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ed
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Mem: 1021628 912368 109260 0 120368 6555
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48
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-/+ buffers/cache: 136452 885176
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Swap: 4194296 0 4194296
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### 9. 显示底和高内存统计信息 ###
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-l选项显示了具体的高和低内存的使用统计情况。
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# free -l
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total used free shared buffers cach
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ed
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Mem: 1021628 912368 109260 0 120368 6555
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48
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Low: 890036 789064 100972
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High: 131592 123304 8288
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-/+ buffers/cache: 136452 885176
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Swap: 4194296 0 4194296
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### 10. 检查free命令版本 ###
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-V选项，显示free命令版本信息。
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# free -V
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procps version 3.2.8
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---
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via: http://www.tecmint.com/check-memory-usage-in-linux/
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作者：[Ravi Saive][a]
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译者：[su-kaiyao](https://github.com/su-kaiyao)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中>
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国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://www.tecmint.com/author/admin/
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