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TSL&PRF
This commit is contained in:
Xingyu Wang
parent
a902a2d62f
commit
e2d40c4d73
@ -1,64 +1,62 @@
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (wxy)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: reviewer: (wxy)
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (An attempt to make a font look more handwritten)
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[#]: via: (https://jvns.ca/blog/2020/08/08/handwritten-font/)
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[#]: author: (Julia Evans https://jvns.ca/)
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An attempt to make a font look more handwritten
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一次让字体看起来更像手写体的尝试
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======
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I’m actually not super happy with the results of this experiment, but I wanted to share it anyway because it was very easy and fun to play with fonts. And somebody asked me how to do it and I told her I’d write a blog post about it :)
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其实我对这个实验的结果并不是特别满意，但我还是想分享一下，因为摆弄字体是件非常简单和有趣的事情。而且有人问我怎么做，我告诉她我会写一篇博文来介绍一下 :)
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### background: the original handwritten font
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### 背景：原本的手写体
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Some background: I have a font of my handwriting that I’ve been use in my zines for a couple of years. I made it using a delightful app called [iFontMaker][1]. They pitch themselves on their website as “You can create your handmade typeface in less than 5 minutes just with your fingers”. In my experience the ‘5 minutes” part is pretty accurate – I might have spent more like 15 minutes. I’m skeptical of the “just your fingers” claim – I used an Apple Pencil, which has much better accuracy. But it is extremely easy to make a TTF font of your handwriting with the app and if you happen to already have an Apple Pencil and iPad I think it’s a fun way to spend $7.99.
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先交代一些背景信息：我有一个我自己的手写字体，我已经在我的电子杂志中使用了好几年了。我用一个叫 [iFontMaker][1] 的令人愉快的应用程序制作了它。他们在网站上自诩为“你可以在 5 分钟内只用手指就能制作出你的手工字体”。根据我的经验，“5 分钟”的部分比较准确 —— 我可能花了更多的时间，比如 15 分钟。我对“只用手指”的说法持怀疑态度 —— 我用的是 Apple Pencil，它的精确度要好得多。但是，使用该应用程序制作你的笔迹的 TTF 字体是非常容易的，如果你碰巧已经有了 Apple Pencil 和 iPad，我认为这是一个有趣的方式，我只花了 7.99 美元。
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Here’s what my font looks like. The “CONNECT” text on the left is my actual handwriting, and the paragraph on the right is the font. There are actually 2 fonts – there’s a regular font and a handwritten “monospace” font. (which actually isn’t monospace in practice, I haven’t figured out how to make a actual monospace font in iFontMaker)
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下面是我的字体的样子。左边的“CONNECT”文字是我的实际笔迹，右边的段落是字体。其实有 2 种字体 —— 有一种是普通字体，一种是手写的“等宽”字体。（其实实际并不是等宽，我还没有想好如何在 iFontMaker 中制作一个实际的等宽字体）
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![][2]
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### the goal: have more character variation in the font
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### 目标：在字体上做更多的字符变化
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In the screenshot above, it’s pretty obvious that it’s a font and not actual handwriting. It’s easiest to see this when you have two of the same letter next to each other, like in “HTTP’.
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在上面的截图中，很明显可以看出这是一种字体，而不是实际的笔迹。当你有两个相同的字母相邻时，就最容易看出来，比如“HTTP”。
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So I thought it might be fun to use some OpenType features to somehow introduce a little more variation into this font, like maybe the two Ts could be different. I didn’t know how to do this though!
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所以我想，使用一些 OpenType 的功能，以某种方式为这个字体引入更多的变化，比如也许两个 “T” 可以是不同的。不过我不知道该怎么做！
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### idea from Tristan Hume: use OpenType!
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### 来自 Tristan Hume 的主意：使用 OpenType！
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Then I was at !!Con 2020 in May (all the [talk recordings are here!][3]) and saw this talk by Tristan Hume about using OpenType to place commas in big numbers by using a special font. His talk and blog post are both great so here are a bunch of links – the live demo is maybe the fastest way to see his results.
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然后我在 5 月份的 !!Con 2020 上（所有的[演讲录音都在这里！][3]）看到了 Tristan Hume 的这个演讲：关于使用 OpenType 通过特殊的字体将逗号插入到大的数字中。他的演讲和博文都很棒，所以这里有一堆链接 —— 下面现场演示也许是最快看到他的成果的方式。
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* a live demo: [Numderline Test][4]
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* the blog post: [Commas in big numbers everywhere: An OpenType adventure][5]
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* the talk: [!!Con 2020 - Using font shaping to put commas in big numbers EVERYWHERE!! by Tristan Hume][6]
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* the github repo: <https://github.com/trishume/numderline/blob/master/patcher.py>
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* 一个现场演示： [Numderline 测试][4]
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* 博客文章：[将逗号插入到大的数字的各个位置：OpenType 冒险][5]
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* 谈话：[!!Con 2020 - 使用字体塑型，把逗号插入到大的数字的各个位置！][6]
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* GitHub 存储库： https://github.com/trishume/numderline/blob/master/patcher.py
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### 基本思路：OpenType 允许你根据上下文替换字符
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我一开始对 OpenType 到底是什么非常困惑。目前我仍然不甚了然，但我知道到你可以编写极其简单的 OpenType 规则来改变字体的外观，而且你甚至不需要真正了解字体。
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### the main idea: OpenType lets you replace characters based on context
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I started out being extremely confused about what OpenType even is. I still don’t know much, but I learned that you can write extremely simple OpenType rules to change how a font looks, and you don’t even have to really understand anything about fonts.
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Here’s an example rule:
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下面是一个规则示例：
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```
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sub a' b by other_a;
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```
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What `sub a' b by other_a;` means is: If an `a` glyph is before a `b`, then replace the `a` with the glyph `other_a`.
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这里 `sub a' b by other_a;` 的意思是：如果一个 `a` 字形是在一个 `b` 之前，那么替换 `a` 为字形 `other_a`。
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So this means I can make `ab` appear different from `ac` in the font. It’s not random the way handwriting is, but it does introduce a little bit of variation.
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所以这意味着我可以让 `ab` 和 `ac` 在字体中出现不同的字形。这并不像手写体那样随机，但它确实引入了一点变化。
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### OpenType reference documentation: awesome
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### OpenType 参考文档：真棒
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The best documentation I found for OpenType was this [OpenType™ Feature File Specification][7] reference. There are a lot of examples of cool things you can do in there, like replace “ffi” with a ligature.
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我找到的最好的 OpenType 文档是这个 [OpenType™ 特性文件规范][7] 资料。里面有很多你可以做的很酷的事情的例子，比如用一个连字替换 “ffi”。
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### how to apply these rules: `fonttools`
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Adding new OpenType rules to a font is extremely easy. There’s a Python library called `fonttools`, and these 5 lines of code will apply a list of OpenType rules (in `rules.fea`) to the font file `input.ttf`.
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### 如何应用这些规则：fonttools
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为字体添加新的 OpenType 规则是超容易的。有一个 Python 库叫 `fonttools`，这 5 行代码会把放在 `rules.fea` 中的 OpenType 规则列表应用到字体文件 `input.ttf` 中。
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```
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from fontTools.ttLib import TTFont
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from fontTools.feaLib.builder import addOpenTypeFeatures
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@ -68,33 +66,33 @@ addOpenTypeFeatures(ft_font, 'rules.fea', tables=['GSUB'])
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ft_font.save('output.ttf')
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```
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`fontTools` also provides a couple of command line tools called `ttx` and `fonttools`. `ttx` converts a TTF font into an XML file, which was useful to me because I wanted to rename some glyphs in my font but did not understand anything about fonts. So I just converted my font into an XML file, used `sed` to rename the glyphs, and then used `ttx` again to convert the XML file back into a `ttf`.
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`fontTools` 还提供了几个名为 `ttx` 和 `fonttools` 的命令行工具。`ttx` 可以将 TTF 字体转换为 XML 文件，这对我很有用，因为我想重新命名我的字体中的一些字形，但我对字体一无所知。所以我只是将我的字体转换为 XML 文件，使用 `sed` 重命名字形，然后再次使用 `ttx` 将 XML 文件转换回 `ttf`。
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`fonttools merge` let me merge my 3 handwriting fonts into 1 so that I had all the glyphs I needed in 1 file.
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`fonttools merge` 可以让我把我的 3 个手写字体合并成 1 个，这样我就在 1 个文件中得到了我需要的所有字形。
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### the code
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### 代码
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I put my extremely hacky code for doing this in a repository called [font-mixer][8]. It’s like 33 lines of code and I think it’s pretty straightforward. (it’s all in `run.sh` and `combine.py`)
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我把我的极潦草的代码放在一个叫 [font-mixer][8] 的存储库里。它大概有 33 行代码，我认为它不言自明。（都在 `run.sh` 和 `combine.py` 中）
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### the results
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### 结果
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Here’s a small sample the old font and the new font. I don’t think the new font “feels” that much more like handwriting – there’s a little more variation, but it still doesn’t compare to actual handwritten text (at the bottom).
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下面是旧字体和新字体的小样。我不认为新字体的“感觉”更像手写体 —— 有更多的变化，但还是比不上实际的手写体文字（在下面）。
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It feels a little uncanny valley to me, like it’s obviously still a font but it’s pretending to be something else.
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我觉得稍微有点不可思议，它明明还是一种字体，但它却要假装成不是字体：
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![][9]
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And here’s a sample of the same text actually written by hand:
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而这是实际手写的同样的文字的样本：
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![][10]
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It’s possible that the results would be better if I was more careful about how I made the 2 other handwriting fonts I mixed the original font with.
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如果我在制作另外 2 种手写字体的时候，把原来的字体混合在一起，再仔细一点，可能效果会更好。
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### it’s cool that it’s so easy to add opentype rules!
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### 添加 OpenType 规则这么容易，真酷！
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Mostly what was delightful to me here is that it’s so easy to add OpenType rules to change how fonts work, like you can pretty easily make a font where the word “the” is always replaced with “teh” (typos all the time!).
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这里最让我欣喜的是，添加 OpenType 规则来改变字体的工作方式是如此的容易，比如你可以很容易地做出一个“the”单词总是被“teh”代替的字体（让错别字一直留着！）。
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I still don’t know how to make a more realistic handwriting font though :). I’m still using the old one (without the extra variations) and I’m pretty happy with it.
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不过我还是不知道如何做出更逼真的手写字体：）。我现在还在用旧的那个字体（没有额外的变化），我对它很满意。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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@ -102,8 +100,8 @@ via: https://jvns.ca/blog/2020/08/08/handwritten-font/
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作者：[Julia Evans][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (wxy)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (An attempt to make a font look more handwritten)
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[#]: via: (https://jvns.ca/blog/2020/08/08/handwritten-font/)
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[#]: author: (Julia Evans https://jvns.ca/)
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An attempt to make a font look more handwritten
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======
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I’m actually not super happy with the results of this experiment, but I wanted to share it anyway because it was very easy and fun to play with fonts. And somebody asked me how to do it and I told her I’d write a blog post about it :)
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### background: the original handwritten font
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Some background: I have a font of my handwriting that I’ve been use in my zines for a couple of years. I made it using a delightful app called [iFontMaker][1]. They pitch themselves on their website as “You can create your handmade typeface in less than 5 minutes just with your fingers”. In my experience the ‘5 minutes” part is pretty accurate – I might have spent more like 15 minutes. I’m skeptical of the “just your fingers” claim – I used an Apple Pencil, which has much better accuracy. But it is extremely easy to make a TTF font of your handwriting with the app and if you happen to already have an Apple Pencil and iPad I think it’s a fun way to spend $7.99.
|
||||
|
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Here’s what my font looks like. The “CONNECT” text on the left is my actual handwriting, and the paragraph on the right is the font. There are actually 2 fonts – there’s a regular font and a handwritten “monospace” font. (which actually isn’t monospace in practice, I haven’t figured out how to make a actual monospace font in iFontMaker)
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![][2]
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### the goal: have more character variation in the font
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In the screenshot above, it’s pretty obvious that it’s a font and not actual handwriting. It’s easiest to see this when you have two of the same letter next to each other, like in “HTTP’.
|
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|
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So I thought it might be fun to use some OpenType features to somehow introduce a little more variation into this font, like maybe the two Ts could be different. I didn’t know how to do this though!
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||||
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### idea from Tristan Hume: use OpenType!
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Then I was at !!Con 2020 in May (all the [talk recordings are here!][3]) and saw this talk by Tristan Hume about using OpenType to place commas in big numbers by using a special font. His talk and blog post are both great so here are a bunch of links – the live demo is maybe the fastest way to see his results.
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* a live demo: [Numderline Test][4]
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* the blog post: [Commas in big numbers everywhere: An OpenType adventure][5]
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* the talk: [!!Con 2020 - Using font shaping to put commas in big numbers EVERYWHERE!! by Tristan Hume][6]
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* the github repo: <https://github.com/trishume/numderline/blob/master/patcher.py>
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### the main idea: OpenType lets you replace characters based on context
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I started out being extremely confused about what OpenType even is. I still don’t know much, but I learned that you can write extremely simple OpenType rules to change how a font looks, and you don’t even have to really understand anything about fonts.
|
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Here’s an example rule:
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```
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sub a' b by other_a;
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```
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What `sub a' b by other_a;` means is: If an `a` glyph is before a `b`, then replace the `a` with the glyph `other_a`.
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So this means I can make `ab` appear different from `ac` in the font. It’s not random the way handwriting is, but it does introduce a little bit of variation.
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|
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### OpenType reference documentation: awesome
|
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The best documentation I found for OpenType was this [OpenType™ Feature File Specification][7] reference. There are a lot of examples of cool things you can do in there, like replace “ffi” with a ligature.
|
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|
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### how to apply these rules: `fonttools`
|
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|
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Adding new OpenType rules to a font is extremely easy. There’s a Python library called `fonttools`, and these 5 lines of code will apply a list of OpenType rules (in `rules.fea`) to the font file `input.ttf`.
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```
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from fontTools.ttLib import TTFont
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from fontTools.feaLib.builder import addOpenTypeFeatures
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ft_font = TTFont('input.ttf')
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addOpenTypeFeatures(ft_font, 'rules.fea', tables=['GSUB'])
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ft_font.save('output.ttf')
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```
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`fontTools` also provides a couple of command line tools called `ttx` and `fonttools`. `ttx` converts a TTF font into an XML file, which was useful to me because I wanted to rename some glyphs in my font but did not understand anything about fonts. So I just converted my font into an XML file, used `sed` to rename the glyphs, and then used `ttx` again to convert the XML file back into a `ttf`.
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`fonttools merge` let me merge my 3 handwriting fonts into 1 so that I had all the glyphs I needed in 1 file.
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### the code
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I put my extremely hacky code for doing this in a repository called [font-mixer][8]. It’s like 33 lines of code and I think it’s pretty straightforward. (it’s all in `run.sh` and `combine.py`)
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### the results
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Here’s a small sample the old font and the new font. I don’t think the new font “feels” that much more like handwriting – there’s a little more variation, but it still doesn’t compare to actual handwritten text (at the bottom).
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It feels a little uncanny valley to me, like it’s obviously still a font but it’s pretending to be something else.
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![][9]
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And here’s a sample of the same text actually written by hand:
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![][10]
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It’s possible that the results would be better if I was more careful about how I made the 2 other handwriting fonts I mixed the original font with.
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|
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### it’s cool that it’s so easy to add opentype rules!
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|
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Mostly what was delightful to me here is that it’s so easy to add OpenType rules to change how fonts work, like you can pretty easily make a font where the word “the” is always replaced with “teh” (typos all the time!).
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I still don’t know how to make a more realistic handwriting font though :). I’m still using the old one (without the extra variations) and I’m pretty happy with it.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://jvns.ca/blog/2020/08/08/handwritten-font/
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作者：[Julia Evans][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://jvns.ca/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://2ttf.com/
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[2]: https://jvns.ca/images/font-sample-connect.png
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[3]: http://bangbangcon.com/recordings.html
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[4]: https://thume.ca/numderline/
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[5]: https://blog.janestreet.com/commas-in-big-numbers-everywhere/
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[6]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Biqm9ndNyC8
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[7]: https://adobe-type-tools.github.io/afdko/OpenTypeFeatureFileSpecification.html
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[8]: https://github.com/jvns/font-mixer/
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[9]: https://jvns.ca/images/font-mixer-comparison.png
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[10]: https://jvns.ca/images/handwriting-sample.jpeg
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