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commit
e23316d227
@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (geekpi)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: (wxy)
|
||||
[#]: publisher: (wxy)
|
||||
[#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-12484-1.html)
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Jitsi Meet: A Free & Open Source Video Conferencing Solution That is Also Free to Use Without Any Set Up)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/jitsi-meet/)
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||||
[#]: author: (Ankush Das https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/)
|
||||
|
||||
Jitsi Meet：免费且开源的视频会议解决方案，无需任何设置即可免费使用
|
||||
Jitsi Meet：自由开源的视频会议解决方案，无需设置即可免费使用
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
_**简述：Jitsi Meet 是一个开源视频会议服务，你可以免费使用它来组织在线课程、会议和聚会。你也可以在自己的服务器上托管 Jitsi。**_
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> Jitsi Meet 是一个开源视频会议服务，你可以免费使用它来组织在线课程、会议和聚会。你也可以在自己的服务器上托管 Jitsi。
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在 COVID-19 大流行期间，远程工作趋势显著增长。无论你是否喜欢，视频会议对于个人和企业都是一个很好的解决方案。
|
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@ -24,13 +24,13 @@ _**简述：Jitsi Meet 是一个开源视频会议服务，你可以免费使用
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Jitsi Meet 是开源语音、视频会议和即时消息服务 [Jitsi][4] 集合的一部分。
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||||
通过 Jitsi Meet，你可以立即主持群组视频通话，即视频会议。你甚至都不需要建立帐户。
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||||
通过 Jitsi Meet，你可以即刻主持群组视频通话（即视频会议），你甚至都不需要建立帐户。
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||||
对于桌面端，它是基于浏览器的，不提供原生桌面应用。我认为这不是问题，因为安装应用对某些人而言是额外的负担。
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||||
对于桌面端，它是基于浏览器的，但它以 AppImage 的形式为 Linux 提供了一个基于 Electron 的桌面应用。它也可以用在 Windows 和 macOS 上。
|
||||
|
||||
对于智能手机，它提供了 iOS 和 Android 应用，你可以分别从 App Store 和 Play Store 进行安装。除了这些，你还可以在开源 Android 应用商店 [F-Droid][5] 中找到它。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你想更进一步，你可以在你的服务器上部署 Jitsi Meet。对于那些不想使用第三方服务器的企业来说，这是理想的选择，即使服务器来自软件开发商。
|
||||
如果你想更进一步，你可以在你的服务器上部署 Jitsi Meet。对于那些不想使用第三方服务器的企业来说，这是理想的选择，即使该服务器来自软件开发商。
|
||||
|
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### Jitsi Meet 的功能
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|
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@ -43,24 +43,23 @@ Jitsi Meet 简单但功能丰富。这是你将获得的功能：
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* 能够自己部署
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* 支持集成 Slack 和 Rocket.chat
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||||
* 如果需要，提供密码保护
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||||
* 端到端加密（beta）
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||||
* 背景模糊（beta）
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* 端到端加密（beta 版）
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||||
* 背景模糊（beta 版）
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||||
* 录音选项
|
||||
* 直播流支持
|
||||
* YouTube 视频共享
|
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* YouTube 视频分享
|
||||
* 查看用户的网络状态
|
||||
* Google 和 Microsoft 日历集成
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* 集成 Google 和 Microsoft 日历
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* 聊天功能
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* 屏幕共享
|
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* 支持国际连接拨入
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* 你可以稍后继续视频通话，而无需会议代码
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* 低带宽模式选项
|
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|
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* Jitsi 可选的桌面版本
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|
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![][7]
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出于明显的原因，你将在移动应用上找到较少的功能。
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出于显而易见的原因，你在移动应用上只能找到较少的功能。
|
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请注意，[端到端加密仍处于 beta 阶段][8]。但是，即使没有它，Jitsi Meet 也应该是一个隐私友好且安全的视频会议解决方案。
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|
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@ -72,6 +71,10 @@ Jitsi Meet 简单但功能丰富。这是你将获得的功能：
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|
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要使它在 Linux 上运行，你不需要做任何其他事情。你只需要前往它的[官方 Jitsi Meet 实例][2]，然后输入会议名称即可创建或加入。
|
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|
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如果您使用的是基于 Electron的应用程序，则完全一样。 使用桌面应用程序时的外观如下：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
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如你在上面的截图中所见，你还可以找到你最近使用的会议室的列表，这样就不必再次输入或创建会议室。
|
||||
|
||||
![][10]
|
||||
@ -82,15 +85,15 @@ Jitsi Meet 简单但功能丰富。这是你将获得的功能：
|
||||
|
||||
如果你要参加其他人的会议，只需询问会议名称或会议链接即可使用台式机或智能手机轻松加入。
|
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|
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减去一些功能后，桌面端的工作方式相同。我已经使用了一段时间，并且还鼓励和培训了我父亲的雇主（我们的附近学校）使用 Jitsi Meet 主持在线课程。
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除了少一些功能，它与桌面端的工作方式相同。我已经使用了一段时间，并且还鼓励和培训了我父亲的单位（我们的附近学校）使用 Jitsi Meet 主持在线课程。
|
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|
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即使有最多 75 名参与者的限制，它的表现也很好，而且工作良好。
|
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|
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[Jitsi Meet][12]
|
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|
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**总结**
|
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### 总结
|
||||
|
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如果你希望托管自己的 Jitsi 实例，建议你遵循它的[官方自我托管指南][13]来启动并运行它。你还可以在[它的 GitHub 页面中找到实例列表][14]。
|
||||
如果你希望托管自己的 Jitsi 实例，建议你遵循它的[官方自托管指南][13]来启动并运行它。你还可以在[它的 GitHub 页面中找到实例列表][14]。
|
||||
|
||||
Jitsi Meet 是个了不起的开源视频会议应用。它是 Zoom 和其他此类视频通话服务的一种隐私保护替代方案。
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|
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@ -105,7 +108,7 @@ via: https://itsfoss.com/jitsi-meet/
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作者：[Ankush Das][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
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@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (geekpi)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: (wxy)
|
||||
[#]: publisher: (wxy)
|
||||
[#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-12483-1.html)
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Use DNS over TLS)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://fedoramagazine.org/use-dns-over-tls/)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Thomas Bianchi https://fedoramagazine.org/author/thobianchi/)
|
||||
@ -12,15 +12,15 @@
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||||
|
||||
![][1]
|
||||
|
||||
现代计算机用来在互联网种查找资源的[域名系统 （DNS）][2] 是在 [35 年前][3]设计的，而没有考虑用户隐私。它会面临安全风险和攻击，例如 [DNS 劫持][4]。它还能让 [ISP][5] 拦截查询。
|
||||
现代计算机用来在互联网种查找资源的[域名系统（DNS）][2] 是在 [35 年前][3]设计的，没有考虑用户隐私。它会面临安全风险和攻击，例如 [DNS 劫持][4]。它还能让 [ISP][5] 拦截查询。
|
||||
|
||||
幸运的是，现在有 [DNS over TLS][6] 和 [DNSSEC][7] 可用。DNS over TLS 和 DNSSEC 允许创建从计算机到它配置的 DNS 服务器的安全且加密的端到端隧道。在 Fedora 上，部署这些技术的步骤很容易，并且所有必要的工具也很容易获得。
|
||||
幸运的是，现在有 [DNS over TLS][6] 和 [DNSSEC][7] 两种技术。DNS over TLS 和 DNSSEC 允许创建从计算机到它配置的 DNS 服务器之间的安全且加密的端到端隧道。在 Fedora 上，部署这些技术的步骤很容易，并且所有必要的工具也很容易获得。
|
||||
|
||||
本指南将演示如何使用 systemd-resolved 在 Fedora 上配置 DNS over TLS。有关 systemd-resolved 服务的更多信息，请参见[文档][8]。
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||||
本指南将演示如何使用 `systemd-resolved` 在 Fedora 上配置 DNS over TLS。有关 `systemd-resolved` 服务的更多信息，请参见[文档][8]。
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||||
|
||||
### 步骤 1：设置 Step 1 : Set-up systemd-resolved
|
||||
### 步骤 1：设置 systemd-resolved
|
||||
|
||||
修改 _/etc/systemd/resolved.conf_，类似于下面所示。确保启用 DNS over TLS 并配置要使用的 DNS 服务器的 IP 地址。
|
||||
类似于下面所示修改 `/etc/systemd/resolved.conf`。确保启用 DNS over TLS 并配置要使用的 DNS 服务器的 IP 地址。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ cat /etc/systemd/resolved.conf
|
||||
@ -39,18 +39,16 @@ FallbackDNS=8.8.8.8 1.0.0.1 8.8.4.4
|
||||
|
||||
关于选项的简要说明：
|
||||
|
||||
* **DNS**：以空格分隔的 IPv4 和 IPv6 地址列表，用作系统 DNS 服务器
|
||||
* **FallbackDNS**：以空格分隔的 IPv4 和 IPv6 地址列表，用作后备 DNS 服务器。
|
||||
* **Domains**：在解析单标签主机名时，这些域名用于搜索后缀。 _~._ 代表对于所有域名，优先使用 DNS= 定义的系统 DNS 服务器。
|
||||
* **DNSOverTLS**：如果启用，那么将加密与服务器的所有连接。请注意，此模式要求 DNS 服务器支持 DNS-over-TLS，并具有其 IP 的有效证书。
|
||||
* `DNS`：以空格分隔的 IPv4 和 IPv6 地址列表，用作系统 DNS 服务器。
|
||||
* `FallbackDNS`：以空格分隔的 IPv4 和 IPv6 地址列表，用作后备 DNS 服务器。
|
||||
* `Domains`：在解析单标签主机名时，这些域名用于搜索后缀。 `~.` 代表对于所有域名，优先使用 `DNS=` 定义的系统 DNS 服务器。
|
||||
* `DNSOverTLS`：如果启用，那么将加密与服务器的所有连接。请注意，此模式要求 DNS 服务器支持 DNS-over-TLS，并具有其 IP 的有效证书。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
> _注意：上面示例中列出的 DNS 服务器是我个人的选择。你要确定要使用的 DNS 服务器。要注意你要向谁请求 IP_。
|
||||
> 注意：上面示例中列出的 DNS 服务器是我个人的选择。你要确定要使用的 DNS 服务器。要注意你要向谁请求 IP。
|
||||
|
||||
### 步骤 2：告诉 NetworkManager 将信息推给 systemd-resolved
|
||||
|
||||
在 _/etc/NetworkManager/conf.d_ 中创建一个名为 _10-dns-systemd-resolved.conf_ 的文件。
|
||||
在 `/etc/NetworkManager/conf.d` 中创建一个名为 `10-dns-systemd-resolved.conf` 的文件。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ cat /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/10-dns-systemd-resolved.conf
|
||||
@ -58,13 +56,13 @@ $ cat /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/10-dns-systemd-resolved.conf
|
||||
dns=systemd-resolved
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
上面的设置（_dns=systemd-resolved_）让 NetworkManager 将从 DHCP 获得的 DNS 信息推送到 systemd-resolved 服务。这将覆盖_步骤 1_ 中配置的 DNS 设置。这在受信任的网络中没问题，但是可以设置 _dns=none_ 从而使用 _/etc/systemd/resolved.conf_ 中配置的 DNS 服务器。
|
||||
上面的设置（`dns=systemd-resolved`）让 `NetworkManager` 将从 DHCP 获得的 DNS 信息推送到 `systemd-resolved` 服务。这将覆盖*步骤 1* 中配置的 DNS 设置。这在受信任的网络中没问题，但是也可以设置为 `dns=none` 从而使用 `/etc/systemd/resolved.conf` 中配置的 DNS 服务器。
|
||||
|
||||
### 步骤 3： 启动和重启服务
|
||||
|
||||
若要使上述步骤中的配置生效，请启动并启用 _systemd-resolved_。然后重启 _NetworkManager_。
|
||||
若要使上述步骤中的配置生效，请启动并启用 `systemd-resolved` 服务。然后重启 `NetworkManager` 服务。
|
||||
|
||||
**注意**：在 NetworkManager 重启时，连接会中断几秒钟。
|
||||
注意：在 `NetworkManager` 重启时，连接会中断几秒钟。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo systemctl start systemd-resolved
|
||||
@ -72,7 +70,7 @@ $ sudo systemctl enable systemd-resolved
|
||||
$ sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
> _注意：目前，systemd-resolved 服务默认处于禁用状态，并且是计划使用的。[这有个方案][33]可在 Fedora 33 中默认启用systemd-resolved。_
|
||||
> 注意：目前，systemd-resolved 服务默认处于禁用状态，是可选使用的。[有计划][33]在 Fedora 33 中默认启用systemd-resolved。
|
||||
|
||||
### 步骤 4：检查是否一切正常
|
||||
|
||||
@ -92,7 +90,7 @@ Fallback DNS Servers: 8.8.8.8
|
||||
8.8.4.4
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
/etc/resolv.conf 应该指向 127.0.0.53
|
||||
`/etc/resolv.conf` 应该指向 `127.0.0.53`。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ cat /etc/resolv.conf
|
||||
@ -101,7 +99,7 @@ search lan
|
||||
nameserver 127.0.0.53
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
若要查看 systemd-resolved 发送和接收安全查询的地址和端口，请运行：
|
||||
若要查看 `systemd-resolved` 发送和接收安全查询的地址和端口，请运行：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo ss -lntp | grep '\(State\|:53 \)'
|
||||
@ -131,7 +129,7 @@ $ sudo dnf install wireshark
|
||||
$ sudo wireshark
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
它会询问你在哪个设备上捕获数据包。在我这里，因为我使用无线接口，我用的是 _wlp58s0_。在 Wireshark 中设置筛选器，_tcp.port == 853_（853 是 DNS over TLS 协议端口）。在捕获 DNS 查询之前，你需要刷新本地 DNS 缓存：
|
||||
它会询问你在哪个设备上捕获数据包。在我这里，因为我使用无线接口，我用的是 `wlp58s0`。在 Wireshark 中设置筛选器，`tcp.port == 853`（853 是 DNS over TLS 协议端口）。在捕获 DNS 查询之前，你需要刷新本地 DNS 缓存：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo resolvectl flush-caches
|
||||
@ -147,8 +145,6 @@ $ nslookup fedoramagazine.org
|
||||
|
||||
![][11]
|
||||
|
||||
— _Poster in Cover Image Approved for Release by NSA on 04-17-2018, FOIA Case # 83661_ —
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://fedoramagazine.org/use-dns-over-tls/
|
||||
@ -156,7 +152,7 @@ via: https://fedoramagazine.org/use-dns-over-tls/
|
||||
作者：[Thomas Bianchi][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (JonnieWayy)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: (wxy)
|
||||
[#]: publisher: (wxy)
|
||||
[#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-12485-1.html)
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Balloon-powered internet service goes live in Kenya)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://www.networkworld.com/article/3566295/balloon-powered-internet-service-goes-live-in-kenya.html)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Patrick Nelson https://www.networkworld.com/author/Patrick-Nelson/)
|
||||
|
||||
气球驱动的互联网服务在肯尼亚上线
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
> Alphabet 的衍生产品 [Loon][1] 使用气球创建了一个由蜂窝塔构成的漂浮网络。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
ISP [Telkom Kenya][2] 正在启动第一个使用气球的商业化 4G LTE 服务，气球的作用是在漂浮在平流层中作为蜂窝塔网络。
|
||||
|
||||
据 Alphabet 的衍生产品及底层技术提供商 [Loon][1] 的首席执行官 Alastair Westgarth 所说，这项服务起初将会覆盖肯尼亚接近 19000 平方英里的范围。 Westgarth 在 [Medium][3] 上的一篇文章中说，将会有大约 35 个或更多的气球组成编队，它们持续不断地移动，漂浮在地表上方大约 12 英里的平流层中。“我们将 Loon 称为漂浮的蜂窝塔网络。” Westgarth 说道。
|
||||
|
||||
Telkom Kenya 的首席执行官 Mugo Kibati 在一篇[新闻稿][4]中提到，传统互联网对肯尼亚的服务不足，这是采用这种输送装置的原因。“…… 具有互联网功能的气球能够为生活在偏远地区的许多肯尼亚人提供联系，这些地区服务不足或是完全没有服务，仍然处于不利地位。” Kibati 说道。远程医疗和在线教育是两个预期的用例。
|
||||
|
||||
在测试中， Loon 实现了 19 毫秒延迟的 18.9 Mbps 下行速度，以及 4.74 Mbps 的上行速度。 Westgarth 说，该服务能够用于“语音通话、视频通话、 YouTube、 WhatsApp、电子邮件、发短信、网页浏览”和其他应用程序。
|
||||
|
||||
从更大的角度看，从平流层提供互联网服务对于[物联网（IoT ）][5]来说是一个诱人的主张。在高空，网络覆盖范围可能会更广泛，并且覆盖范围可以随着需求的变化而变化（例如，采矿区的移动）。此外，要建立或处理的地面基础设施更少。 比方说，开发人员可以避免铺设电缆所需的私有地产的纠纷。
|
||||
|
||||
可以想象，服务中断也更加可控。提供商可以发射另一台设备，而不必通过复杂的远程地面基础设施来跟踪故障。备用气球可随时备用。
|
||||
|
||||
### 基于无人机的互联网交付
|
||||
|
||||
另一家正在探索大气层互联网的组织是软银，它称其 260 英尺宽的 HAWK30 无人机是“平流层中的漂浮基站”。（参见相关故事：[软银计划到 2023 年实现无人机交付的物联网和互联网][6]）
|
||||
|
||||
日本大型电信公司对平流层传输的互联网感兴趣的原因之一是，该群岛易于发生自然灾害，例如地震。与传统的基站相比，地球上空的浮动基站更容易移动，从而可以更快、更灵活地应对自然灾害。
|
||||
|
||||
实际上，Loon 的气球已经成功地用于在灾难后提供互联网服务：例如，在 2017 年波多黎各的飓风 Maria 之后，Loon 提供了连接。
|
||||
|
||||
Westgarth 说，自最初开发以来，Loon 的气球已经取得了长足的发展。现如今，发射是通过自动设备执行的，该设备可以每半小时一次将与地面站点相连的气球推到 60000 英尺高空，而不像以前那样人工进行。
|
||||
|
||||
机器学习算法会处理导航，以尝试向用户提供持续的服务。但是，这并非总是可能的，因为风（尽管在地面上没有那么大）和受限的空域都会影响覆盖范围，尽管 Westgarth 称之为“精心编排组织的气球舞蹈”。
|
||||
|
||||
此外，这些设备是太阳能供电的，这意味着它们只能够在白天工作并提供互联网（或重新定位自身，或向其他气球传输互联网）。出于上述原因和其他的一些原因， Westgarth 和 Kibati 指出，气球必须扩大现有的基础设施和计划，但这并不是一个完整的解决方案。
|
||||
|
||||
Westgarth 说：“为了连接现在和将来需要它的所有人员和事物，我们需要开阔我们的思维；我们需要在连通性生态系统中增加新的一层。”
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3566295/balloon-powered-internet-service-goes-live-in-kenya.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Patrick Nelson][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[JonnieWayy](https://github.com/JonnieWayy)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.networkworld.com/author/Patrick-Nelson/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://loon.com/
|
||||
[2]: https://www.telkom.co.ke/
|
||||
[3]: https://medium.com/loon-for-all/loon-is-live-in-kenya-259d81c75a7a
|
||||
[4]: https://telkom.co.ke/telkom-and-loon-announce-progressive-deployment-loon-technology-customers-july
|
||||
[5]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3207535/what-is-iot-the-internet-of-things-explained.html
|
||||
[6]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3405170/softbank-plans-drone-delivered-iot-and-internet-by-2023.html
|
||||
[7]: https://www.facebook.com/NetworkWorld/
|
||||
[8]: https://www.linkedin.com/company/network-world
|
||||
@ -1,79 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (chenmu-kk)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Developer happiness: What you need to know)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/19/2/developer-happiness)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Bart Copeland https://opensource.com/users/bartcopeland)
|
||||
|
||||
Developer happiness: What you need to know
|
||||
======
|
||||
Developers need the tools and the freedom to code quickly, without getting bogged down by compliance and security.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
A person needs the right tools for the job. There's nothing as frustrating as getting halfway through a car repair, for instance, only to discover you don't have the specialized tool you need to complete the job. The same concept applies to developers: you need the tools to do what you are best at, without disrupting your workflow with compliance and security needs, so you can produce code faster.
|
||||
|
||||
Over half—51%, to be specific—of developers spend only one to four hours each day programming, according to ActiveState's recent [Developer Survey 2018: Open Source Runtime Pains][1]. In other words, the majority of developers spend less than half of their time coding. According to the survey, 50% of developers say security is one of their biggest concerns, but 67% of developers choose not to add a new language when coding because of the difficulties related to corporate policies.
|
||||
|
||||
The result is developers have to devote time to non-coding activities like retrofitting software for security and compliance criteria checked after software and languages have been built. And they won't choose the best tool or language for the job because of corporate policies. Their satisfaction goes down and risk goes up.
|
||||
|
||||
So, developers aren't able to devote time to high-value work. This creates additional business risk because their time-to-market is slowed, and the organization increases tech debt by not empowering developers to decide on "the best" tech, unencumbered by corporate policy drag.
|
||||
|
||||
### Baking in security and compliance workflows
|
||||
|
||||
How can we solve this issue? One way is to integrate security and compliance workflows into the software development process in four easy steps:
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1\. Gather your forces
|
||||
|
||||
Get support from everyone involved. This is an often-forgotten but critical first step. Make sure to consider a wide range of stakeholders, including:
|
||||
|
||||
* DevOps
|
||||
* Developers
|
||||
* InfoSec
|
||||
* Legal/compliance
|
||||
* IT security
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Stakeholders want to understand the business benefits, so make a solid case for eliminating the security and compliance checkpoints after software builds. You can consider any (or all) of the following in building your business case: time savings, opportunity cost, and developer productivity. By integrating security and compliance workflows into the development process, you also avoid retrofitting of languages.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2\. Find trustworthy sources
|
||||
|
||||
Next, choose the trusted sources that can be used, along with their license and security requirements. Consider including information such as:
|
||||
|
||||
* Restrictions on usage based on environment or application type and version controls per language
|
||||
* Which open source components are allowable, e.g., specific packages
|
||||
* Which licenses can be used in which types of environments (e.g., research vs. production)
|
||||
* The definition of security levels, acceptable vulnerability risk levels, what risk levels trigger an action, what that action would be, and who would be responsible for its implementation
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3\. Incorporate security and compliance from day one
|
||||
|
||||
The upshot of incorporating security and compliance workflows is that it ultimately bakes security and compliance into the first line of code. It eliminates the drag of corporate policy because you're coding to spec versus having to fix things after the fact. But to do this, consider mechanisms for automatically scanning code as it's being built, along with using agentless monitoring of your runtime code. You're freeing up your time, and you'll also be able to programmatically enforce policies to ensure compliance across your entire organization.
|
||||
|
||||
New vulnerabilities arise, and new patches and versions become available. Consequently, security and compliance need to be considered when deploying code into production and also when running code. You need to know what, if any, code is at risk and where that code is running. So, the process for deploying and running code should include monitoring, reporting, and updating code in production.
|
||||
|
||||
By integrating security and compliance into your software development process from the start, you can also benefit by tracking where your code is running once deployed and be alerted of new threats as they arise. You will be able to track when your applications were vulnerable and respond with automatic enforcement of your software policies.
|
||||
|
||||
If your software development process has security and compliance workflows baked in, you will improve your productivity. And you'll be able to measure value through increased time spent coding; gains in security and stability; and cost- and time-savings in maintenance and discovery of security and compliance threats.
|
||||
|
||||
### Happiness through integration
|
||||
|
||||
If you don't develop and update software, your organization can't go forward. Developers are a linchpin in the success of your company, which means they need the tools and the freedom to code quickly. You can't let compliance and security needs—though they are critical—bog you down. Developers clearly worry about security, so the happy medium is to "shift left" and integrate security and compliance workflows from the start. You'll get more done, get it right the first time, and spend far less time retrofitting code.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/19/2/developer-happiness
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Bart Copeland][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/bartcopeland
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://www.activestate.com/company/press/press-releases/activestate-developer-survey-examines-open-source-challenges/
|
||||
@ -1,131 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (robsean)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (24 Linux desktops you need to try)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/5/linux-desktops)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth)
|
||||
|
||||
24 Linux desktops you need to try
|
||||
======
|
||||
Gotta catch them all!
|
||||
![Penguins][1]
|
||||
|
||||
One of the great strengths of the Linux desktop is the choice it affords its users. If you don't like your application menu in the lower left of your screen, you can move it. If you don't like the way your file manager organizes your documents, you can use a different one. Admittedly, however, that can be confusing for new users who aren't used to having a say in how they use their computers. If you're looking at installing Linux, one of the choices you're going to have to make is which desktop you want to use, and the best way to do that is to try a few different ones until you find the one that feels right for you.
|
||||
|
||||
### The defaults
|
||||
|
||||
![][2]
|
||||
|
||||
opensource.com
|
||||
|
||||
As the default on Fedora, Ubuntu, Debian, and several others, the GNOME desktop is probably the most popular desktop for Linux. It's an intuitive and modern interface, with little nods to mobile design so it feels natural even on a touch screen.
|
||||
|
||||
Some distributions of Linux opt for something different, though, including KDE Plasma, Pantheon, Cinnamon, and Mate.
|
||||
|
||||
* [GNOME][3]: the modern and intuitive default
|
||||
* [Mate][4]: legacy GNOME
|
||||
* [KDE][5]: the powerful and configurable Plasma desktop
|
||||
* [Cinnamon][6]: classic GNOME
|
||||
* [Pantheon][7]: the divine default of [ElementaryOS][8]
|
||||
* [Budgie][9]: a subdued desktop
|
||||
* [Trinity][10]: legacy KDE
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# Traditional Unix
|
||||
|
||||
![Window Maker running on Fedora][11]
|
||||
|
||||
Unix, the progenitor of modern operating systems and the direct inspiration for Linux, has a surprisingly rich history of desktops. Most people aren't familiar with Unix desktop design because Unix computers were considered specialist machines common to academic, scientific, and film settings rather than the household. If you were a Unix, IRIX, or NeXT user, then you might have fond memories of desktops like [CDE][12] or NeXTStep. You're in luck because the tradition lives on:
|
||||
|
||||
* [Windowmaker][13]: the NeXT interface reborn
|
||||
* [Enlightenment][14]: a modernized and improved Windowmaker-style desktop
|
||||
* [Fluxbox][15]: thinking outside the box
|
||||
* [Openbox][16]: improving the usability of the box
|
||||
* [TWM][17]: the timeless sample desktop bundled with X11
|
||||
* [Fvwm][18]: TWM improved
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Lightweight desktops
|
||||
|
||||
![XFCE in 2019 on Mageia Linux][19]
|
||||
|
||||
You might wonder why Linux has so many desktops to choose from. While you can chalk a lot of it up to personal preference and a low tolerance for inefficiency, there are technical benefits to optimizing an interface. For instance, old computers struggling to keep up with an update to its UI [can be given new life](<https://opensource.com/article/20/2/macbook-linux-elementary>) with a lightweight desktop. Alternately, you may simply want to allocate CPU cycles to everything *but* your desktop, so keeping your primary UI minimal just makes sense. Whatever your reason, there are several you can try:
|
||||
|
||||
* [XFCE][20]: delivers a familiar desktop for a fraction of the cost
|
||||
* [LXQT and LXDE][21]: familiar desktops for a smaller fraction of the cost
|
||||
* [PekWM][22]: a box-style window manager
|
||||
* [Joe's Window Manager][23]: another box-style window manager
|
||||
* [Ratpoison][24]: don't touch that mouse
|
||||
* [Herbstluftwm][25]: Ratpoison for [Vim users][26]
|
||||
* [Lumina][27]: a desktop developed for PC-BSD
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Experimental desktops
|
||||
|
||||
![Unix Desktop Environment][28]
|
||||
|
||||
One of the things that happens when it's relatively easy to create and integrate a desktop into a system is that you get interesting proof-of-concepts and experimental projects. Some are more polished than others, and some aren't terribly easy to install. These probably aren't destined to be your permanent desktop, but they can be fun to experience:
|
||||
|
||||
* [Unix Desktop Environment][29]: a reinvention of the desktop
|
||||
* [Rox][30]: a progressive and modern desktop in its day
|
||||
* [MLVWM][31]: what if the Apple IIe had run Unix?
|
||||
* [Equinox][32]: just the basics
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Choose your desktop
|
||||
|
||||
If you're overwhelmed by choice, then keep in mind that desktops are meant to be _optional_. There's no obligation to try more than the one that ships with your distribution.
|
||||
|
||||
Many a power user of Linux settles for whatever desktop their distribution puts in front of them. The important thing is to get a Linux install that works with your computer, and spend time with it to learn how it works. Ultimately, all desktops are only meant to do the same thing: help you organize and manage your important data. As long as you know how your desktop works, that's all that matters. But if you've learned everything you need to know about your default desktop, you now have plenty of options to try out on the weekend. Have fun!
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/20/5/linux-desktops
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Seth Kenlon][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/linux-penguins.png?itok=yKOpaJM_ (Penguins)
|
||||
[2]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/advent-gnome.jpg
|
||||
[3]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/gnome-linux-desktop
|
||||
[4]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/mate-linux-desktop
|
||||
[5]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/linux-kde-plasma
|
||||
[6]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/cinnamon-linux-desktop
|
||||
[7]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/pantheon-linux-desktop
|
||||
[8]: https://elementary.io/
|
||||
[9]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/budgie-linux-desktop
|
||||
[10]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/linux-trinity-desktop-environment-tde
|
||||
[11]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/advent-windowmaker.jpg (Window Maker running on Fedora)
|
||||
[12]: https://sourceforge.net/projects/cdesktopenv/
|
||||
[13]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/linux-window-maker-desktop
|
||||
[14]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/linux-enlightenment-desktop
|
||||
[15]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/fluxbox-linux-desktop
|
||||
[16]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/openbox-linux-desktop
|
||||
[17]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/twm-linux-desktop
|
||||
[18]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/fvwm-linux-desktop
|
||||
[19]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/advent-xfce.jpg (XFCE on Mageia Linux in 2019)
|
||||
[20]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/xfce-linux-desktop
|
||||
[21]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/lxqt-lxde-linux-desktop
|
||||
[22]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/pekwm-linux-desktop
|
||||
[23]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/joes-window-manager-linux-desktop
|
||||
[24]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/ratpoison-linux-desktop
|
||||
[25]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/herbstluftwm-linux-desktop
|
||||
[26]: https://opensource.com/resources/what-vim
|
||||
[27]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/linux-lumina-desktop
|
||||
[28]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/advent-ude.jpg (Unix Desktop Environment)
|
||||
[29]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/linux-unix-desktop-environment-ude
|
||||
[30]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/linux-rox-desktop
|
||||
[31]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/linux-mlvwm-desktop
|
||||
[32]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/ede-linux-desktop
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Why making mistakes makes me a better sysadmin)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/8/sysadmin-mistakes)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Ben Cotton https://opensource.com/users/bcotton)
|
||||
|
||||
Why making mistakes makes me a better sysadmin
|
||||
======
|
||||
The trick is to not make the same mistake twice.
|
||||
![failure sign at a party, celebrating failure][1]
|
||||
|
||||
I've been a [Fedora][2] Linux contributor for a little over a decade now. Fedora has a large community of developers and users, each with a unique set of skills ranging from being a particularly discerning user to being an amazing programmer. I like this because it inspires and motivates me to develop new skills of my own.
|
||||
|
||||
For me, the best way to develop skills has always been to make mistakes. Like, really mess things up. It doesn't really matter what kind of mistake it is because it's less about the mistake itself and more about what I learn in the process of having to dig myself out of whatever hole I managed to get myself into.
|
||||
|
||||
### Why mistakes are good
|
||||
|
||||
I remember my first computer mistake. My family's first computer was an Epson laptop that my uncle gave us when he upgraded. It had a blazing fast 10 MHz processor and a carrying handle because it was so heavy. I loved that machine.
|
||||
|
||||
It ran DOS, but it had a text-based menu application to make it a little friendlier for the novice user. Hard Disk Menu had ten "pages," each of which could have ten commands configured. We had a page for games, another for "boring stuff" like word processors and spreadsheets, etc.
|
||||
|
||||
Hard Disk Menu had some other features that, when I got bored of playing the games, I would explore. At some point, I decided that I should make use of the account feature. It didn't change what applications appeared, but it would prevent unauthorized access, sort of. You could just drop to the DOS shell instead, but still, it was a nice try.
|
||||
|
||||
I created accounts for myself, my parents, and my sisters. My parents were a little annoyed, but they humored me. Everything was fine for a while. Then my sister forgot her password. My parents told me to remove the passwords. But without my sister's password, I couldn't remove the password on her account (it was the early 90s, a much simpler time). What to do? What to do?
|
||||
|
||||
For a little while, we kept going with the attempted passwords until one day when I decided I'd try something I hadn't done yet. When I was first creating the accounts, I set a master password. What would happen if I typed the master password in place of my sister's password?
|
||||
|
||||
If you're thinking, "of course that didn't work," then you're clearly not familiar with the naivete of security policies back in the 90s. With the master password (it was "worf," by the way, a reference to the USS Enterprise-D's Klingon security chief, for those of you who may not be Star Trek: TNG fans) in hand, I was able to remove all of the passwords. Everyone in the family could use the computer without hassle again.
|
||||
|
||||
### The importance of a dry-run
|
||||
|
||||
Since then, I've gone on to make bigger and better mistakes. Like the time in my first sysadmin job when I was shuffling some data around to reconfigure a storage array. At one point, I accidentally got the source and destination paths backward. Of course, it was an rsync with the `--delete` flag. Whoops!
|
||||
|
||||
Thankfully, my own account was among those that went "poof." That helped the apology go down a little easier with the rest of the affected users. Even better for us all, we had backups, so by the end of the day, everyone had their files back. And I learned a valuable lesson about using the `--dry-run` flag before running a destructive sync.
|
||||
|
||||
### Dealing with mistakes the right way
|
||||
|
||||
I don't mind making mistakes. I've amassed a LOT of practice over the years. The trick, I've learned, is never to make the same mistake twice. Learning from my mistakes is what has allowed me to advance in my skills and career, and find new mistakes to make. As a Linux sysadmin, I've always tried to make my mistakes in a safe environment (test platforms are great), make sure that I recover from my mistakes (backups FTW!), and to leave a note for Future Ben, so he didn't repeat my mistakes (documentation is your friend). And of course, admitting my mistakes and clearly communicating to my users when things go wrong. If I keep this up, maybe one day I'll feel like I know what I'm doing!
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/20/8/sysadmin-mistakes
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Ben Cotton][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/bcotton
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/fail_failure_celebrate.png?itok=LbvDAEZF (failure sign at a party, celebrating failure)
|
||||
[2]: http://getfedora.org
|
||||
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: translator: (kodark)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,193 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Concise data plotting in Python with Altair)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/6/altair-python)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Shaun Taylor-Morgan https://opensource.com/users/shaun-taylor-morgan)
|
||||
|
||||
Concise data plotting in Python with Altair
|
||||
======
|
||||
Altair offers an elegant interface and its own plotting language in a
|
||||
Python libraries
|
||||
![metrics and data shown on a computer screen][1]
|
||||
|
||||
The [plotting libraries][2] available in Python offer multiple ways to present data according to your preferences, whether you prize flexibility, design, ease-of-use, or a particular style.
|
||||
|
||||
Plotting in Altair delivers a different solution than others which I find to be simpler as the amount of plotting done scales. It has an elegant interface, thanks to [Vega][3], the declarative plotting language that allows you to define what your plots should look like, rather than writing loops and conditionals to construct them.
|
||||
|
||||
### Fluent in plotting
|
||||
|
||||
I compare each Python plotting library by plotting the same multi-bar plot. Before we go further, note that you may need to tune your Python environment to get this code to run, including the following.
|
||||
|
||||
* Installing a recent version of Python (instructions for [Linux][4], [Mac][5], and [Windows][6])
|
||||
* Verify that version of Python works with the libraries used in the tutorial
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
The data is available online and can be imported using pandas:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
import pandas as pd
|
||||
df = pd.read_csv('<https://anvil.works/blog/img/plotting-in-python/uk-election-results.csv>')
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Now we're ready to go. As a point of comparison, this is the plot we made in [Matplotlib][7]:
|
||||
|
||||
![Matplotlib UK election results][8]
|
||||
|
||||
The Matplotlib plot took 16 lines of code to create, including manually calculating the positions of each bar.
|
||||
|
||||
Here's how to make a similar plot in Altair:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
import altair as alt
|
||||
|
||||
chart = alt.Chart(df).mark_bar().encode(
|
||||
x='party',
|
||||
y='seats',
|
||||
column='year',
|
||||
color='party',
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
chart.save('altair-elections.html')
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Much more concise! Just like [Seaborn][9], Altair works with data that has one column per variable ([Long Form][10]). This allows you to map each variable onto an aspect of the plot—Altair calls these aspects "channels." In our case, we want one bar per `party` on the `x`-axis, we want the `seats` each party won on the `y`-axis, and we want to group the bars into `column`s by `year`. We also want to `color` the bars by `party`. That's how you would describe it in words, and it's exactly what the code says!
|
||||
|
||||
Here's what the plot looks like:
|
||||
|
||||
![Altair plot with default styling][11]
|
||||
|
||||
### Tweaking the style
|
||||
|
||||
That's not too far from what we want. The main difference from the Matplotlib plot is that each Altair `year` group is displayed with a little white space in between—this is just a feature of Altair's multi-bar plots, and it's not a problem.
|
||||
|
||||
However, there are a few other little style improvements that we do want to make.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Non-integer values
|
||||
|
||||
The two non-integer year names (`Feb 1974` and `Oct 1974`) are displayed as `NaN`. We can fix these by casting our `year` values to strings:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
` df['year'] = df['year'].astype(str)`
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Specifying sort order
|
||||
|
||||
We then also need to tell Altair how to sort the data. Altair allows us to specify more details about the `column` channel by passing it a `Column` object. So we tell it to sort in the order that the data appears in the DataFrame:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
chart = alt.Chart(df).mark_bar().encode(
|
||||
# ...
|
||||
column=alt.Column('year', sort=list(df['year']), title=None),
|
||||
# ...
|
||||
)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Removing axis titles
|
||||
|
||||
We have removed the "year" label from the top of the plot by setting `title=None`. Let's also remove the "party" labels from each column:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
chart = alt.Chart(df).mark_bar().encode(
|
||||
x=alt.X('party', title=None),
|
||||
# ...
|
||||
)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Specifying a colormap
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, we want to specify our own colors to use for the bars. Altair lets us specify a mapping between values in a `domain` and colors in a `range`, which is exactly what we need:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
cmap = {
|
||||
'Conservative': '#0343df',
|
||||
'Labour': '#e50000',
|
||||
'Liberal': '#ffff14',
|
||||
'Others': '#929591',
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
chart = alt.Chart(df).mark_bar().encode(
|
||||
# ...
|
||||
color=alt.Color('party', scale=alt.Scale(domain=list(cmap.keys()), range=list(cmap.values())))
|
||||
)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Final code with style tweaks
|
||||
|
||||
After applying these styling tweaks, our code is a little less pleasing to the eye, but it still uses the declarative approach that makes Altair so scalable. We're still assigning independent variables from our data to separate aspects of our plot, rather than performing complex data manipulations as we often need to do in Matplotlib. The only difference is that our variable names are now wrapped in objects such as `alt.X()` that let us tweak how they appear:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
import altair as alt
|
||||
from votes import long as df
|
||||
|
||||
cmap = {
|
||||
'Conservative': '#0343df',
|
||||
'Labour': '#e50000',
|
||||
'Liberal': '#ffff14',
|
||||
'Others': '#929591',
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
df['year'] = df['year'].astype(str)
|
||||
|
||||
# We're still assigning, e.g. 'party' to x, but now we've wrapped it
|
||||
# in alt.X in order to specify its styling
|
||||
chart = alt.Chart(df).mark_bar().encode(
|
||||
x=alt.X('party', title=None),
|
||||
y='seats',
|
||||
column=alt.Column('year', sort=list(df['year']), title=None),
|
||||
color=alt.Color('party', scale=alt.Scale(domain=list(cmap.keys()), range=list(cmap.values())))
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
chart.save('altair-elections.html')
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
In fairness to Matplotlib, we've now reached the same number of lines of code (16) as we used there!
|
||||
|
||||
Here's the Altair plot with our styling tweaks applied:
|
||||
|
||||
![The Altair plot with our custom styling][12]
|
||||
|
||||
### Conclusion** **
|
||||
|
||||
While the amount of code it takes to plot using Altair is similar to other libraries, its declarative plotting language adds a layer of sophistication I have grown to appreciate. Altair also offers a cleanly separate way to tune and tweak the style, which keeps that syntax out of the code blocks meant for plotting. Altair is another great library when considering a plotting solution for Python.
|
||||
|
||||
\---
|
||||
|
||||
_This article was first shared [here][13] and is edited and republished with permission._
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/20/6/altair-python
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Shaun Taylor-Morgan][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/shaun-taylor-morgan
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/metrics_data_dashboard_system_computer_analytics.png?itok=oxAeIEI- (metrics and data shown on a computer screen)
|
||||
[2]: https://opensource.com/article/20/4/plot-data-python
|
||||
[3]: https://vega.github.io/vega/
|
||||
[4]: https://opensource.com/article/20/4/install-python-linux
|
||||
[5]: https://opensource.com/article/19/5/python-3-default-mac
|
||||
[6]: https://opensource.com/article/19/8/how-install-python-windows
|
||||
[7]: https://opensource.com/article/20/5/matplotlib-python
|
||||
[8]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/matplotlib_1_1.png (Matplotlib UK election results)
|
||||
[9]: https://anvil.works/blog/plotting-in-seaborn
|
||||
[10]: https://anvil.works/blog/tidy-data
|
||||
[11]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/altair-first-try.png (Altair plot with default styling)
|
||||
[12]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/altair_3.png (The Altair plot with our custom styling.)
|
||||
[13]: https://anvil.works/blog/plotting-in-altair
|
||||
@ -1,391 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (silentdawn-zz)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Tiny Yet Useful: 13 Raspberry Pi Zero Alternatives That Cost Less Than $20)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/raspberry-pi-zero-alternatives/)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Chinmay https://itsfoss.com/author/chinmay/)
|
||||
|
||||
Tiny Yet Useful: 13 Raspberry Pi Zero Alternatives That Cost Less Than $20
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
The [Raspberry Pi Zero][1] and the [Raspberry Pi Zero W][2] were added to the line up of Raspberry Pi’s in the last few years. These ultra-small form-factor SBC’s have been a big hit and continue to be a part of [Raspberry Pi projects][3] from the maker and DIY communities.
|
||||
|
||||
Due to the smaller form factor and the prices these boards are targeting, they have had to cut down on many features like a dedicated Ethernet port, slower processor (compared to their full-fledged cousins).
|
||||
|
||||
In an earlier article, we listed the [best alternatives to Raspberry Pi][4]. In this one, I’ll list some alternatives to Raspberry Pi Zero and Zero W.
|
||||
|
||||
Preview | Product | Price |
|
||||
---|---|---|---
|
||||
![CanaKit Raspberry Pi Zero W \(Wireless\) Complete Starter Kit - 16 GB Edition][5] ![CanaKit Raspberry Pi Zero W \(Wireless\) Complete Starter Kit - 16 GB Edition][5] | [CanaKit Raspberry Pi Zero W (Wireless) Complete Starter Kit - 16 GB Edition][6] | $34.99[][7] | [Buy on Amazon][8]
|
||||
|
||||
### Alternative to Raspberry Pi Zero: Tiny single board computers for IoT and Embedded Projects
|
||||
|
||||
![][9]
|
||||
|
||||
We have great alternatives with variety of feature sets for different projects, thanks to open source designs and open source software stacks. All the boards in this round up run embedded Linux in various flavors.
|
||||
|
||||
Even though the Raspberry Pi Zero was released at $5 and the Zero W at $10, it’s often very hard to find them at those prices even in US. Outside US they usually cost around $12 – $20 .
|
||||
|
||||
Keeping that in mind let’s take a look at some of the alternatives for the Raspberry Pi Zero boards for under $20.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1\. Banana Pi BPI M2 Zero
|
||||
|
||||
![][10]
|
||||
|
||||
The Banana Pi M2 Zero at **$18** is has the same layout as a Raspberry Pi Zero W. It looks like a clone of the Pi Zero W but other than the form factor it is anything but a clone. It has a faster Allwinner H2+ SOC at its heart and Ethernet can be added externally . It can also run a variety of Linux based operating systems.
|
||||
|
||||
**Key Specifications**
|
||||
|
||||
* Allwinner H2+ Quad-core Cortex-A7 H265/HEVC 1080P with Mali400MP2 for the GPU
|
||||
* 512M DDR3(shared with GPU)
|
||||
* 40 Pins Header,compatible with Raspberry Pi 3
|
||||
* WiFi (AP6212) & Bluetooth onboard. Extra antenna connector
|
||||
* A CSI input connector Camera
|
||||
* Power and Reset Button
|
||||
* Mini HDMI Output
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
You can get more information from the [Banana Pi Wiki][11] and pick one up from [here][12].
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2\. Banana Pi BPI-M2 Magic (BPi-M2M)
|
||||
|
||||
![][13]
|
||||
|
||||
There are two variants of this board the one without the eMMC flash onboard costs **$20**. It is another tiny SBC with quite a lot of processing power for its size. Off the top of my head this board is a good fit for a touch control panel and dashboard for IoT and home automation. The on-board battery management system is quite attractive.
|
||||
|
||||
**Key Specifications**
|
||||
|
||||
* Allwinner A33/R16 Quad Core ARM Cortex-A7, MALI 400 MP2 GPU
|
||||
* WiFi 802.11 b/g/n 2.4GHz (AP6212) & BT v4.0 with BLE
|
||||
* 512MB DDR3 (shared with GPU)
|
||||
* MIPI Display Serial Interface (DSI) interface(4 data lanes)
|
||||
* A CSI input connector Camera, video capture up-to 1080p at 30fps
|
||||
* Onboard microphone and battery management
|
||||
* No HDMI output
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
You can get more information from the [Banana Pi Wiki][14] and pick one up from [here][15].
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3\. Banana Pi BPI-P2 Maker
|
||||
|
||||
![][16]
|
||||
|
||||
This board at **$13** (**$19** with POE module) is one of the smallest SBC’s with on board Ethernet and support for POE(power over ethernet). With the same Allwinner H2+ SOC as the M2 zero, this is quite an interesting board.It has an onboard eMMC storage of 8Gb and a camera interface, with POE you can convert this into a DIY security camera and also use the powerful processor for basic ML.
|
||||
|
||||
**Key Specifications**
|
||||
|
||||
* CPU: Allwinner H2+, Quad-core Cortex-A7
|
||||
* 512MB DDR 3 SDRAM.
|
||||
* WiFi (AP6212) & Bluetooth onboard.
|
||||
* 8G eMMC flash onboard
|
||||
* 100M LAN
|
||||
* Mini HDMI
|
||||
* CSI Camera Interface
|
||||
* IEEE 802.3af PoE standard PoE module support
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
You can get more information from the [Banana Pi Wiki][17] and pick one up from [here][18].
|
||||
|
||||
#### 4\. Orange Pi Zero LTS
|
||||
|
||||
![][19]
|
||||
|
||||
At **$11.49** (**$9.49** for the 256 MB version) this is the cheapest and the smallest board with onboard Ethernet and POE functionality. It has the ever common Alwinner H2+ at its heart and a solid expansion options via the GPIO and the 13 pin functional header.
|
||||
|
||||
**Key Specifications**
|
||||
|
||||
* Allwinner H2+ Quad-core Cortex-A7 H.265/HEVC 1080P
|
||||
* Mali400MP2 GPU @600MHz
|
||||
* 256MB/512MB DDR3 SDRAM(Share with GPU)(256MB version is Standard version)
|
||||
* 10/100M Ethernet RJ45 POE is default off
|
||||
* WiFi with XR819, IEEE 802.11 b/g/n
|
||||
* 26 Pin GPIO Header
|
||||
* 13 Pins Header, with 2x USB, IR pin, AUDIO(MIC, AV)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
You can get more information from their [official page][20] and pick one up from Amazon.
|
||||
|
||||
Preview | Product | Price |
|
||||
---|---|---|---
|
||||
![Orange Pi Zero Single Board Computer Quad Core Open-Source Development Board 512MB with WiFi Antenna][21] ![Orange Pi Zero Single Board Computer Quad Core Open-Source Development Board 512MB with WiFi Antenna][21] | [Orange Pi Zero Single Board Computer Quad Core Open-Source Development Board 512MB with WiFi Antenna][22] | $11.99 | [Buy on Amazon][23]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 5\. Orange Pi i96
|
||||
|
||||
![][24]
|
||||
|
||||
At **$8.8** this board is smallest one yet at 6cm x 3cm. It uses the [RDA8810PL SOC][25] meant for a fairly advanced feature phone. The board is suited for camera applications(according to the manufacturer) can capture upto 1080p at 30fps. It has a fairy good IO for the price.
|
||||
|
||||
**Key Specifications**
|
||||
|
||||
* RDA8810PL ARM Cortex-A5 32bit single core processor
|
||||
* Vivante’s GC860 GPU
|
||||
* Integrated 256MB LPDDR2 SDRAM
|
||||
* WiFi + BT using the RDA5991
|
||||
* CSI Camera Input
|
||||
* 40 pin GPIO header
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
You can get more information from their [official page][26] and pick one up from [here][27].
|
||||
|
||||
#### 6\. Orange Pi PC
|
||||
|
||||
![][28]
|
||||
|
||||
This board packs in a lot of goodies for **$15**. It’s one of the very few boards which offer 1GB of RAM at such a price point. It uses the Allwinner H3 SOC and can decode 4K HEVC/H.265 video. It has an HDMI port with support for HDCP , CEC as well. This SBC can make a good media box with the right software. It even has onboard IR Receiver and a Microphone.
|
||||
|
||||
**Key Specifications**
|
||||
|
||||
* Allwinner H3 Quad-core Cortex-A7 , 1.6GHz
|
||||
* 1GB DDR3 (shared with GPU)
|
||||
* HDMI with support for 4K video
|
||||
* CSI Camera interface and onboard microphone
|
||||
* SD Card slot
|
||||
* IR Receiver
|
||||
* 3.5mm Audio Jack
|
||||
* Ethernet
|
||||
* No WiFi/Bluetooth onboard
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
There is also a cut down version of the Orange Pi PC powered by the same SOC but with less RAM.
|
||||
|
||||
You can get more information from their [official page][29] and pick one up from [here][30].
|
||||
|
||||
#### 7\. Orange Pi One & Orange Pi Lite
|
||||
|
||||
These two boards are also powered by the Alwinner H3 SoC used in the Orange Pi PC. But these come with 512MB of RAM instead of the 1GB offered by the Orange Pi PC.
|
||||
|
||||
**Key Specifications**
|
||||
|
||||
* Allwinner H3 Quad Core
|
||||
* HDMI with 4K support
|
||||
* SD Card slot
|
||||
* 512 MB of DDR3 RAM
|
||||
* CSI Camera Interface
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
![Orange Pi Lite][31]
|
||||
|
||||
![Orange Pi One][32]
|
||||
|
||||
The Orange Pi Lite comes in at **$12**, it does not feature an on-board Ethernet and offers WiFi instead. It also has onboard microphone and IR receiver. You can get more info from their [official page][33] and buy one from [here][34].
|
||||
|
||||
The Orange Pi One on comes in at **$11** and features on-board Ethernet for wired networking and does not offer any WiFi support. You can get more info from their [official page][35] and buy one from [here][36].
|
||||
|
||||
Before we finish up with the Orange Pi boards, I do want to quickly mention a couple more boards they offer for custom applications.
|
||||
|
||||
* Orange Pi R1 – This is a tiny board with dual Ethernet ports, you can use it to build a network device.
|
||||
* Orange Pi 2G IOT & Orange Pi 3G IOT- These boards feature 2G & 3G cellular connectivity for IoT Applications.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
These boards also cost less than **$20** and you can check them out on their [official website][37].
|
||||
|
||||
#### 8\. NanoPi Neo LTS
|
||||
|
||||
![][38]
|
||||
|
||||
Starting at **$9**.**99**, this board is very simple and tiny(4cm x 4cm), a similar form factor as the Orange Pi Zero. Unlike the Orange Pi Zero it is powered by the more powerful Allwinner H3 SoC and upto 512MB of RAM. It does not feature any onboard WiFi/BT chipset but you can add one via the USB port. This is a really good board to run headless Linux servers, DNS filters like Pi-Hole and it’ll make a really good edge device for any IoT Applications. Using the GPIO you can expand the functionality to match your needs.
|
||||
|
||||
**Key Specifications**
|
||||
|
||||
* Allwinner H3 Quad Core Cortex A7 upto 1.2GHz
|
||||
* Upto 512 MB of RAM
|
||||
* Micro SD slot (upto 128GB)
|
||||
* 10/100 Ethernet
|
||||
* Additional interfaces via the abundant GPIO
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
You can get more information and also purchase them from their [official page][39] .
|
||||
|
||||
![][40]
|
||||
|
||||
There is a bare bones version of the NanoPi NEO called the NanoPi NEO Core LTS which adds eMMC for industrial applications and lets go of the onboard USB and Ethernet ports. All features are available via the GPIO expansion. You can check it out [here][41] .
|
||||
|
||||
![][42]
|
||||
|
||||
There is also a WiFi/BT version of the NanoPi NEO called the NanoPi NEO Air which also adds eMMC and camera input and lets go of the onboard USB and Ethernet ports. You can check it out [here][43].
|
||||
|
||||
#### 9\. Zero Pi
|
||||
|
||||
![][44]
|
||||
|
||||
This is one of my favorite boards from this round up, it costs **$9.99** and has a fast 1Gbps Ethernet onboard. With the Allwinner H3 at its heart, this can be a very powerful and tiny machine on your network. It supports OpenWRT which is great considering the 1Gbps Ethernet. You can easily run multiple instances of Pi-Hole along with a DNS Server.
|
||||
|
||||
**Key Specifications**
|
||||
|
||||
* Allwinner H3 Quad Core Cortex A7 at upto 1.2GHz
|
||||
* 512MB of RAM
|
||||
* USB 2.0 Port
|
||||
* Support for OpenWRT
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
You can get more information and also purchase them from their [official page][45] .
|
||||
|
||||
#### 10\. NanoPi NEO 2
|
||||
|
||||
![][46]
|
||||
|
||||
At **$19.99** , the NanoPi NEO 2 costs twice the NEO. It retains the same form factor and brings in the Allwinner H5 SoC and 1Gbps Ethernet. This makes the board a tiny power house.
|
||||
|
||||
**Key Specifications**
|
||||
|
||||
* Allwinner H5, Quad-core 64-bit high-performance Cortex A53
|
||||
* Hexacore Mali450 GPU
|
||||
* 512MB RAM
|
||||
* 1Gbps onboard Ethernet
|
||||
* 24 pin GPIO
|
||||
* Functional headers for Audio and other interfaces like IR
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
You can get more information and also purchase them from their [official page][47] .
|
||||
|
||||
That’s about all the boards in the NanoPi series, they also have a few more interesting boards with dual 1Gbps ports and a couple focused around camera.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 11\. La Frite
|
||||
|
||||
![][48]
|
||||
|
||||
From the makers of the [Le Potato][49] , this board at **$20** is mainly geared towards applications involving media consumption or media streaming. It supports 1080p video playback with HDR metadata via the HDMI 2.0 port. It supports the latest Android 9/TV, upstream Linux, u-boot, Kodi, and more.
|
||||
|
||||
**Key Specifications**
|
||||
|
||||
* Amlogic S805X SoC, Quad Core Cortex-A53 @ 1.2GHz
|
||||
* Upto 1GB DDR4 SDRAM
|
||||
* Amlogic Video Engine 10, support for H.264,H.265 and VP9 decoding upto 1080p 60fps
|
||||
* 100Mbps Ethernet
|
||||
* IR Receiver
|
||||
* 40 pin GPIO
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
You can get more information from their [official page][50] .
|
||||
|
||||
#### 12\. Onion Omega2+
|
||||
|
||||
![][51]
|
||||
|
||||
If you’re looking for an IoT application the [Onion Omega][52] 2+ can be a good alternative to the Raspberry Pi Zero. It is an IoT centric development platfrom and runs on LEDE (Linux Embedded Development Environment) Linux OS – a distribution based on [OpenWRT][53].
|
||||
|
||||
**Key Specifications**
|
||||
|
||||
* MT7688 SoC
|
||||
* 2.4 GHz IEEE 802.11 b/g/n WiFi
|
||||
* 128 MB DDR2 RAM
|
||||
* 32 MB on-board flash storage
|
||||
* MicroSD slot
|
||||
* USB 2.0
|
||||
* 12 GPIO pins
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
You can pick one up as bare bones module for **$13** or various kits from their [website][54].
|
||||
|
||||
#### 13\. VoCore2
|
||||
|
||||
![][55]
|
||||
|
||||
The VoCore2 is definitely the smallest of the bunch, the bare-bones module is only 1″x1″ in size and costs **$17.99**. The tiny size makes it easy to embed in different applications and allows selective expansion of features based on the need. It is powered by the MediaTek MT7628 which was specially designed for low to mid-range routers. The manufacturer claims that they’ll keep up the production till 2025 which is really good.
|
||||
|
||||
**Key Specifications**
|
||||
|
||||
* MediaTek MT7628, 580 MHz, MIPS 24K
|
||||
* 128MB RAM, DDR2 166MHz
|
||||
* Ethernet – 1 port/5 ports, up to 100Mbps
|
||||
* Wireless – 802.11n, 2T2R, speed up to 300Mbps
|
||||
* Storage – 16M NOR on board, support SDXC up to 2TB
|
||||
* One on board U.FL slot (Antenna Connector)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
You can get more information about the board from [here][56] and pick one up from their [official website][57].
|
||||
|
||||
**W**r**apping up**
|
||||
|
||||
It’s undeniable that there are all kinds of SBC’s available in various form factors and feature sets for a wide variety of use cases. On top of that most of these are open source designs and run on open source software. An absolute wonderland for a hardcore tinkerer.
|
||||
|
||||
With COVID-19 hanging around it might be a little tough to get your hands on these boards. Let’s hope things get better soon!
|
||||
|
||||
If you guys know of any other interesting alternatives for the Raspberry Pi Zero and Zero W put them in the comments below and we’ll check them out.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/raspberry-pi-zero-alternatives/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Chinmay][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/chinmay/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://www.raspberrypi.org/products/raspberry-pi-zero/
|
||||
[2]: https://itsfoss.com/raspberry-pi-zero-w/
|
||||
[3]: https://itsfoss.com/raspberry-pi-projects/
|
||||
[4]: https://itsfoss.com/raspberry-pi-alternatives/
|
||||
[5]: https://i1.wp.com/m.media-amazon.com/images/I/517BwcAPmTL._SL160_.jpg?ssl=1
|
||||
[6]: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B072N3X39J?tag=chmod7mediate-20&linkCode=ogi&th=1&psc=1 (CanaKit Raspberry Pi Zero W (Wireless) Complete Starter Kit - 16 GB Edition)
|
||||
[7]: https://www.amazon.com/gp/prime/?tag=chmod7mediate-20 (Amazon Prime)
|
||||
[8]: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B072N3X39J?tag=chmod7mediate-20&linkCode=ogi&th=1&psc=1 (Buy on Amazon)
|
||||
[9]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/raspberry-pi-zero-alterantives.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[10]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/banana-pi-zero-1.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[11]: http://wiki.banana-pi.org/Banana_Pi_BPI-M2_ZERO#Hardware_interfaces
|
||||
[12]: https://www.aliexpress.com/item/32839074880.html?spm=2114.12010612.8148356.2.258c72dbKctWv3
|
||||
[13]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Banana-Pi-M2M-2-1.jpg?ssl=1
|
||||
[14]: http://wiki.banana-pi.org/Banana_Pi_BPI-M2M
|
||||
[15]: https://www.aliexpress.com/item/32836172813.html?spm=2114.12010612.8148356.2.25ac76c2BKPl43
|
||||
[16]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Banana-Pi-P2-Zero-1.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[17]: http://wiki.banana-pi.org/Banana_Pi_BPI-P2_Zero
|
||||
[18]: https://www.aliexpress.com/item/32953609399.html?spm=2114.12010612.8148356.6.6d4070a9ktu2qs
|
||||
[19]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Orange-Pi-Zero-LTS.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[20]: http://www.orangepi.org/orangepizerolts/
|
||||
[21]: https://i0.wp.com/m.media-amazon.com/images/I/51wOvNrzHkL._SL160_.jpg?ssl=1
|
||||
[22]: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07ZYJGPF8?tag=chmod7mediate-20&linkCode=ogi&th=1&psc=1 (Orange Pi Zero Single Board Computer Quad Core Open-Source Development Board 512MB with WiFi Antenna)
|
||||
[23]: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07ZYJGPF8?tag=chmod7mediate-20&linkCode=ogi&th=1&psc=1 (Buy on Amazon)
|
||||
[24]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Orange-Pi-i96.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[25]: https://www.openhacks.com/uploadsproductos/2016030304473558.pdf
|
||||
[26]: http://www.orangepi.org/OrangePii96/
|
||||
[27]: https://www.aliexpress.com/item/32819068354.html?spm=2114.12010612.8148356.2.7cb16aa1JdhlzK
|
||||
[28]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/opipc.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[29]: http://www.orangepi.org/orangepipc/
|
||||
[30]: https://www.aliexpress.com/item/32448079125.html
|
||||
[31]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Orange-Pi-Lite.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[32]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Orange-Pi-One.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[33]: http://www.orangepi.org/orangepilite/
|
||||
[34]: https://www.aliexpress.com/item/32662738571.html?spm=2114.12010612.8148356.16.222f4f44KYIA5v
|
||||
[35]: http://www.orangepi.org/orangepione/
|
||||
[36]: https://www.aliexpress.com/item/32603308880.html?spm=a2g0o.detail.1000060.1.4fb86a5eWkGEex&gps-id=pcDetailBottomMoreThisSeller&scm=1007.13339.146401.0&scm_id=1007.13339.146401.0&scm-url=1007.13339.146401.0&pvid=9042001e-bc4a-471b-a3a0-9f0d276d0c3f&_t=gps-id:pcDetailBottomMoreThisSeller,scm-url:1007.13339.146401.0,pvid:9042001e-bc4a-471b-a3a0-9f0d276d0c3f,tpp_buckets:668%230%23131923%2358_668%23808%237756%23236_668%23888%233325%232_668%232846%238111%23464_668%232717%237564%23664_
|
||||
[37]: http://www.orangepi.org
|
||||
[38]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/NanoPi-NEO_04-900x630-1.jpg?ssl=1
|
||||
[39]: https://www.friendlyarm.com/index.php?route=product/product&path=69&product_id=132&sort=p.price&order=ASC
|
||||
[40]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Core_04-900x630-1.jpg?ssl=1
|
||||
[41]: https://www.friendlyarm.com/index.php?route=product/product&path=69&product_id=212&sort=p.price&order=ASC
|
||||
[42]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/air_03-900x630-1.jpg?ssl=1
|
||||
[43]: https://www.friendlyarm.com/index.php?route=product/product&path=69&product_id=151&sort=p.price&order=ASC
|
||||
[44]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/ZeroPi_03-900x630-1.jpg?ssl=1
|
||||
[45]: https://www.friendlyarm.com/index.php?route=product/product&path=69&product_id=266&sort=p.price&order=ASC
|
||||
[46]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/NEO2_04-900x630-1.jpg?ssl=1
|
||||
[47]: https://www.friendlyarm.com/index.php?route=product/product&product_id=180
|
||||
[48]: https://i0.wp.com/cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/1098/4826/products/84988b14aa58054c0a4cbf8c03466fa9_original_1024x1024.jpg?resize=544%2C306&ssl=1
|
||||
[49]: https://libre.computer/products/boards/aml-s905x-cc/
|
||||
[50]: https://libre.computer/products/boards/aml-s805x-ac/
|
||||
[51]: https://i0.wp.com/onion.io/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/OM-O2P.jpg?resize=424%2C424&ssl=1
|
||||
[52]: https://itsfoss.com/onion-omega-2/
|
||||
[53]: https://openwrt.org/
|
||||
[54]: https://onion.io/
|
||||
[55]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/VoCore2.png?resize=719%2C319&ssl=1
|
||||
[56]: https://vocore.io/v2.html
|
||||
[57]: https://vocore.io/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (How to Install the Latest Version of Handbrake on Ubuntu-based Linux Distributions [Quick Tip])
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/install-handbrake-ubuntu/)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/)
|
||||
|
||||
How to Install the Latest Version of Handbrake on Ubuntu-based Linux Distributions [Quick Tip]
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
_**This quick tutorial shows how to install the latest version of HandBrake on Ubuntu-based distributions using its official PPA.**_
|
||||
|
||||
[HandBrake][1] is one of the most popular open source video converter for Linux, Windows and macOS.
|
||||
|
||||
This GUI application enables you to convert videos from one format to another in just a few clicks. You can also customize the output video as per your requirement.
|
||||
|
||||
[HandBrake][2] is available in the [universe repository of Ubuntu][3] but it might not always provide the latest version. Let me show you how you can get the latest HandBrake on Ubuntu and other Ubuntu-based distributions like Linux Mint, Linux Lite, elementray OS etc.
|
||||
|
||||
### Installing the latest HandBrake on Ubuntu based Linux distributions
|
||||
|
||||
The developers of HandBrake maintain an [official PPA][4]. [Using this PPA][5], you can easily install the latest version of HandBrake on your Ubuntu based distribution.
|
||||
|
||||
Open a terminal and use the following command to add the PPA repository. Press enter when asked for it:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:stebbins/handbrake-releases
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
You may have to update the local package cache (not required in Ubuntu 18.04 and higher version):
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo apt update
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Now install the latest version of the HandBrake using this command:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo apt-get install handbrake-gtk
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
The best thing is that this method removes the older handbrake package on your system and thus avoiding installing two different instances of handbrake.
|
||||
|
||||
![][6]
|
||||
|
||||
Enjoy the latest and greatest HandBrake and convert videos on your Linux system.
|
||||
|
||||
### Uninstall HandBrake from your system
|
||||
|
||||
For some reasons, if you don’t like HandBrake and want to remove it, here’s what you need to do.
|
||||
|
||||
Open a terminal and use the following command to uninstall HandBrake:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo apt remove handbrake-gtk
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Now that you have removed the application, it will be a good idea to [remove the PPA][7] that you added as you don’t need it anymore.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo add-apt-repository -r ppa:stebbins/handbrake-releases
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Confirm when asked for it.
|
||||
|
||||
In this quick Ubuntu tutorial, you learned the steps for installing the latest HandBrake using PPA. You also learned the steps for removing it properly.
|
||||
|
||||
I hope you find this quick tip useful. If you have questions or suggestions, please leave a comment below.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/install-handbrake-ubuntu/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://handbrake.fr/
|
||||
[2]: https://itsfoss.com/handbrake/
|
||||
[3]: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-repositories/
|
||||
[4]: https://launchpad.net/~stebbins/+archive/ubuntu/handbrake-releases
|
||||
[5]: https://itsfoss.com/ppa-guide/
|
||||
[6]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/install-handbrake-ubuntu.png?resize=800%2C498&ssl=1
|
||||
[7]: https://itsfoss.com/how-to-remove-or-delete-ppas-quick-tip/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (chenmu-kk)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Developer happiness: What you need to know)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/19/2/developer-happiness)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Bart Copeland https://opensource.com/users/bartcopeland)
|
||||
|
||||
开发者的福音：你必须知道的事
|
||||
======
|
||||
开发者需要工具和快速编程的自由，不会因为合规性和安全性使得它停滞而无法进行下去。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
个人需要合适的工具来完成工作。比如说没有比修车中途才发现 你没有完成工作的专业工具更沮丧的事情了。同样的道理也适用在开发者身上：你需要工具来发挥你的最大才能，而不会因为合规性和安全性的需求打断你的工作流程，因此你可以更快速地编码。
|
||||
|
||||
根据ActiveState的最新研究显示，超过一半的开发人员（具体为51%），每天只需要花费1-4小时的时间进行编程[Developer Survey 2018: Open Source Runtime Pains][1]。换句话说，大多数开发人员花费不到一半的时间编程。根据调查，一半的开发人员认为安全是他们最大的担忧之一，但是由于公司政策方面的原因，67%的开发人员选择在编程时不添加新的语言。
|
||||
|
||||
结果是开发人员不得不投入更多的精力在非编码的活动上，例如在构建软件和语言之后检查软件的安全性和合规性标准。而且由于公司政策的原因，他们无法选择适合的开发工具或语言。他们的满意度会下降同时风险提高。
|
||||
|
||||
因此，开发人员无法将时间投入在高价值的工作上。这会带来额外的商业风险，因为他们的上市时间变了慢，并且公司因为没有授权开发人员在不受公司政策影响的前提下决定最佳技术的能力而增加了技术债务。
|
||||
|
||||
### 固化安全性和合规性的工作流程
|
||||
|
||||
我们如何解决这个问题呢？一种方式是通过四个简单的步骤将有安全性和合规性的工作流程集成在软件开发中：
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1\. 集中你的力量
|
||||
|
||||
获得所有相关人员的支持,这是一个经常被遗忘但却至关重要的第一步。确保考虑到了广泛的利益相关者，包括：
|
||||
|
||||
* 开发运维
|
||||
* 开发人员
|
||||
* 信息安全
|
||||
* 合法/合规
|
||||
* IT安全
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
利益相关者想要了解相关的商业利益，因此要做一个稳固的案例来消除软件构建后的安全性和合规性的检查点。你可以在构建你的商业案例中考虑以下任何一个（或者全部）因素：节省时间，机会成本和开发人员生产力。在开发处理过程中，你也可以通过集成安全性和合规性的工作流程来避免语言的改造。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2\. 寻找可信赖的资源
|
||||
|
||||
接下来，选择可使用的可靠资源，以及他们的许可证和安全要求。考虑到如下相关信息：
|
||||
|
||||
* 基于环境或应用程序类型以及每种语言的版本控制的使用限制
|
||||
* 允许哪些开源组件，例如，特定的程序包
|
||||
* 哪种环境类型可以使用哪种许可证（例如，研究与生产）
|
||||
* 安全级别的定义，可接受范围内的漏洞风险级别，什么样的风险级别会触发一个措施，这个措施是什么并且谁来负责它的执行呢
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3\. 从第一天开始就融入安全性和合规性
|
||||
|
||||
合并安全性和合规性的工作流程的结果是最终它将安全性和合规性固化成代码中的第一行。它消除了公司政策的麻烦，因为您是按照规范进行编码，而不是必须事后解决问题。但要做到这一点，请考虑在构建代码时采用自动扫描代码的机制，以及对运行时代码使用无代理监视。你可以节省时间，还可以通过编程实施策略来确保整个组织的合规性。
|
||||
|
||||
出现新的漏洞，并且提供有效的新补丁和版本。所以，将代码部署到生产中以及运行代码时，需要考虑安全性和合规性。你需要知道哪些（如果有的话）代码存在风险以及该代码在何处运行。所以，部署和运行代码的过程应该包括监视，报告和更新生产中的代码。
|
||||
|
||||
通过一开始就在你的软件开发过程中集成安全性和合规性，你还可以在部署后跟踪代码的运行位置，并在新的威胁出现时获得警报。你也能追踪当你的应用程序何时受到攻击，并通过自动执行软件策略做出响应。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你的软件开发过程中已经引入了安全性和合规性的工作流程，你将会提高你的生产率。您将能够通过增加编码时间、提高安全性和稳定性、以及在维护和发现安全性和合规性的威胁方面节省的成本和时间来衡量价值。
|
||||
### 集成所带来的幸福
|
||||
|
||||
如果你不开发和更新软件，你的公司将无法前进。开发人员是公司成功的关键，这意味着他们需要快速编写代码的工具和自由。尽管合规性和安全性至关重要，但你不能让这个需求阻碍你的发展。开发人员显然很担心安全性，因此最好的办法就是“左移”，从一开始就集成安全性和合规性的工作流程。你将可以做更多的事情，在第一次就可以完成，而花费更少的时间进行代码更新。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/19/2/developer-happiness
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Bart Copeland][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[chenmu-kk](https://github.com/chenmu-kk)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/bartcopeland
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://www.activestate.com/company/press/press-releases/activestate-developer-survey-examines-open-source-challenges/
|
||||
131
translated/talk/20200519 24 Linux desktops you need to try.md
Normal file
131
translated/talk/20200519 24 Linux desktops you need to try.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (robsean)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (24 Linux desktops you need to try)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/5/linux-desktops)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth)
|
||||
|
||||
你需要尝试的 24 个 Linux 桌面环境
|
||||
======
|
||||
一定要抓住它们!
|
||||
![企鹅][1]
|
||||
|
||||
Linux 桌面的最大优点之一是它提供给用户选择的权利。如果你不喜欢你屏幕左下角的应用程序菜单，你可以移除它。如果你不喜欢你的文件管理器处理你的文档的方式，你可以使用一个不同的的文件管理器。不过，不可否认的是，这对那些不习惯自己选择如何使用计算机的用户来说可能会感到迷惑。如果你正在考虑安装 Linux ，你将不得不去做一个你想使用哪一个桌面的选择，最好的方法是：在你找到的一个适合你的桌面前，尝试一些不同的桌面。
|
||||
|
||||
### 默认桌面
|
||||
|
||||
![][2]
|
||||
|
||||
opensource.com
|
||||
|
||||
作为在 Fedora, Ubuntu, Debian, 和一些and several others 上的默认桌面，GNOME 桌面可能是最流行的 Linux 桌面。它有一个易于使用和现代化的界面，毫无疑问适用于移动设备，所以在一个触摸屏上也感觉很自然。
|
||||
|
||||
不过，Linux 的一些发行版选择了不同的东西，包括 KDE Plasma, Pantheon, Cinnamon, 和 Mate 。
|
||||
|
||||
* [GNOME][3]: 现代化和易于使用，默认桌面
|
||||
* [Mate][4]: 传统的 GNOME
|
||||
* [KDE][5]: 功能强大和可配置的 Plasma desktop
|
||||
* [Cinnamon][6]: 经典的 GNOME
|
||||
* [Pantheon][7]: [ElementaryOS][8] 的极美的默认桌面
|
||||
* [Budgie][9]: 一个光线柔和的桌面
|
||||
* [Trinity][10]: 传统的 KDE
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# 传统的 Unix
|
||||
|
||||
![Window Maker 运行在 Fedora 上][11]
|
||||
|
||||
Unix 是现代操作系统的鼻祖，是 Linux 的直接灵感来源，拥有令人吃惊的丰富的桌面历史。大多数人都不熟悉 Unix 桌面设计，因为 Unix 计算机被认为是学术界、科学界和电影界的普通专用机器，而不是家用计算机。如果你是一名 Unix, IRIX, 或 NeXT 的用户，那么你可能会对类似于 [CDE][12] 或 NeXTStep 的桌面有着美好的回忆。你很幸运，因为这一传统源远流长：
|
||||
|
||||
* [Windowmaker][13]: NeXT 界面复兴
|
||||
* [Enlightenment][14]: 一个现代化的和改善的 Windowmaker 样式的桌面
|
||||
* [Fluxbox][15]: 想法跳出方框
|
||||
* [Openbox][16]: 改善方框的可用性
|
||||
* [TWM][17]: 与 X11 捆绑的永恒的示例桌面
|
||||
* [Fvwm][18]: TWM 的改善
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 轻量级桌面
|
||||
|
||||
![XFCE in 2019 年 在 Mageia Linux 上的][19]
|
||||
|
||||
你可能想知道为什么 Linux 有那么多的桌面来从中选择。你可用把很多因素归因于个人喜好和对效率低下的低容忍度，优化一个界面有技术优势来。例如，老电脑使用一个轻量级桌面可用勉力维持跟上用户界面的更新，[这可以赋予它新的生命](<https://opensource.com/article/20/2/macbook-linux-elementary>) 。作为替代方案。你可能仅仅想分配 CPU 周期到除桌面以外的任何东西上，以便使保持你的主用户界面最小化有意义。不管你的动机是什么，这里有一些你可以尝试的桌面：
|
||||
|
||||
* [XFCE][20]: 以很少的性能损失来提供一个熟悉的桌面
|
||||
* [LXQT and LXDE][21]: 以较少的性能损失来提供一个熟悉的桌面
|
||||
* [PekWM][22]: 一个方框样式的窗口管理器
|
||||
* [Joe's Window Manager][23]: 另一个方框样式的窗口管理器
|
||||
* [Ratpoison][24]: 不使用鼠标
|
||||
* [Herbstluftwm][25]: 针对 [Vim 用户][26] 的Ratpoison
|
||||
* [Lumina][27]: 一个为 PC-BSD 开发的桌面
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 实验性桌面
|
||||
|
||||
![Unix 桌面环境][28]
|
||||
|
||||
当创建一个桌面并将其集成到一个系统中相对容易的时候，会发生一件你将获得有趣的概念和试验下面的证明的事件。有一些会比其它的更完美无缺，有一些则不是很容易安装。这些很可能注定不会是你永久的桌面，但是它们可以是很有趣的体验:
|
||||
|
||||
* [Unix Desktop Environment][29]: 一个桌面的再创造桌面
|
||||
* [Rox][30]: 在它的时代中是一个先进的和现代的桌面
|
||||
* [MLVWM][31]: 要是 Apple IIe 运行在 Unix 上怎么样?
|
||||
* [Equinox][32]: 仅最基础的东西
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 选择你的桌面
|
||||
|
||||
如果你的选择让你不知所措，那么记住:桌面意味着是 _可选择的_ 。你没有义务来尝试发行版附带的多个桌面。
|
||||
|
||||
许多 Linux 的超级用户自己决定他们的发行版的前端的桌面。最重要的事是获取一个可以与你的计算机一起工作的 Linux 系统安装，并花费时间来学习它是如何工作的。归根结底，所有的桌面都注定要做相同的事：帮助你组织和管理你的重要数据。只有你了解了你的桌面是如何工作的，这才是所有最重要的事。但是如果你已经学会了你所需要知道的关于你的默认桌面的一切东西，你现在有大量的选择来在周末尝试。玩得开心!
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/20/5/linux-desktops
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Seth Kenlon][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[robsean](https://github.com/robsean)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/linux-penguins.png?itok=yKOpaJM_ (Penguins)
|
||||
[2]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/advent-gnome.jpg
|
||||
[3]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/gnome-linux-desktop
|
||||
[4]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/mate-linux-desktop
|
||||
[5]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/linux-kde-plasma
|
||||
[6]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/cinnamon-linux-desktop
|
||||
[7]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/pantheon-linux-desktop
|
||||
[8]: https://elementary.io/
|
||||
[9]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/budgie-linux-desktop
|
||||
[10]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/linux-trinity-desktop-environment-tde
|
||||
[11]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/advent-windowmaker.jpg (Window Maker running on Fedora)
|
||||
[12]: https://sourceforge.net/projects/cdesktopenv/
|
||||
[13]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/linux-window-maker-desktop
|
||||
[14]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/linux-enlightenment-desktop
|
||||
[15]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/fluxbox-linux-desktop
|
||||
[16]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/openbox-linux-desktop
|
||||
[17]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/twm-linux-desktop
|
||||
[18]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/fvwm-linux-desktop
|
||||
[19]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/advent-xfce.jpg (XFCE on Mageia Linux in 2019)
|
||||
[20]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/xfce-linux-desktop
|
||||
[21]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/lxqt-lxde-linux-desktop
|
||||
[22]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/pekwm-linux-desktop
|
||||
[23]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/joes-window-manager-linux-desktop
|
||||
[24]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/ratpoison-linux-desktop
|
||||
[25]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/herbstluftwm-linux-desktop
|
||||
[26]: https://opensource.com/resources/what-vim
|
||||
[27]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/linux-lumina-desktop
|
||||
[28]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/advent-ude.jpg (Unix Desktop Environment)
|
||||
[29]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/linux-unix-desktop-environment-ude
|
||||
[30]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/linux-rox-desktop
|
||||
[31]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/linux-mlvwm-desktop
|
||||
[32]: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/ede-linux-desktop
|
||||
@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (JonnieWayy)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Balloon-powered internet service goes live in Kenya)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://www.networkworld.com/article/3566295/balloon-powered-internet-service-goes-live-in-kenya.html)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Patrick Nelson https://www.networkworld.com/author/Patrick-Nelson/)
|
||||
|
||||
气球驱动的互联网服务在肯尼亚上线
|
||||
======
|
||||
Alphabet 的衍生产品 [Loon][1] 使用气球创建了一个由蜂窝塔构成的浮动网络。
|
||||
|
||||
ISP [Telkom Kenya][2] 正在启动第一个使用气球的商业化 4G LTE 服务，气球的作用是在漂浮在平流层中作为蜂窝塔网络。
|
||||
|
||||
据 Alphabet 的衍生产品 [Loon][1] 的首席执行官及潜在的技术提供商 Alastair Westgarth 所说，这项服务起初将会覆盖肯尼亚接近 19000 平方英里的范围。 Westgarth 在 [Medium][3] 上的一篇文章中说，将会有大约 35 个或更多的气球组成编队，它们持续不断地移动，漂浮在地表上方大约 12 英里的平流层中。“我们将 Loon 称为浮动的蜂窝塔网络。” Westgarth 说道。
|
||||
|
||||
Telkom Kenya 的首席执行官 Mugo Kibati 在一篇[新闻稿][4]中提到，传统互联网对肯尼亚的服务不足，这是采用这种输送装置的原因。“…… 具有互联网功能的气球能够为生活在服务不足或是完全没有服务的偏远地区的许多肯尼亚人提供联系，因此仍然处于不利低位。” Kibati 说道。远程医疗和在线教育是两个预期的用例。
|
||||
|
||||
在测试中， Loon 实现了 有 19 毫秒延迟的 18.9 Mbps 下行速度，以及 4.74 Mbps 的上行速度。 Westgarth 说，该服务能够用于“语音通话、视频通话、 YouTube、 WhatsApp、电子邮件、发短信、网页浏览”和其他应用程序。
|
||||
|
||||
从更大的角度看，从平流层提供互联网服务对于[物联网（ IoT ）][5]来说是一个诱人的主张。在高海拔地区，网络覆盖范围可能会更广泛，并且覆盖范围可以随着需求的变化而变化（例如，采矿区的移动）。此外，要建立或处理的地面基础设施更少。 比方说，开发人员可以避免铺设电缆所需的私有财产纠纷。
|
||||
|
||||
可以想象，服务中断也更加可控。提供商可以启动另一台设备，而不必通过复杂的远程地面基础设施来跟踪故障。备用气球可以发挥作用，时刻准备着投入使用。
|
||||
|
||||
### 基于无人机的互联网交付
|
||||
|
||||
另一家正在探索大气层互联网的组织是软银（ Softbank ），它称其 260 英尺宽的 HAWK30 无人机是“平流层中的浮动基站”。（参见相关故事：[软银计划到 2023 年实现无人机交付的物联网和互联网][6]）
|
||||
|
||||
日本主要的电信公司对平流层传送的互联网感兴趣的原因之一是，其群岛易于发生自然灾害，例如地震。与传统的基站相比，地球上空的浮动基站更容易移动，从而可以更快、更灵活地应对自然灾害。
|
||||
|
||||
实际上，在一场灾害过后， Loon 的气球已成功用于提供互联网服务：例如， Loon 在 2017 年波多黎各的飓风 Maria 之后提供了连接。
|
||||
|
||||
Westgarth 说， Loon 的气球自最初开发以来已经走了很长一段路。现如今，发射是通过自动设备执行的，该设备可以每半小时将连接在地面站点的气球推到 60000 英尺高空，而不像以前那样人工进行。
|
||||
|
||||
机器学习算法会处理导航，以尝试向用户提供持续的服务。但是，这并非总是可能的，因为风（尽管在地面上没有那么大）和受限的空域都会影响覆盖范围，尽管 Westgarth 称之为“精心编排组织的气球舞蹈”。
|
||||
|
||||
此外，这些设备是太阳能供电的，这意味着它们仅仅能够在白天工作并提供互联网（或重新定位自身，或向其他气球传输互联网）。出于上述原因和其他的一些原因， Westgarth 和 Kibati 指出，气球必须扩大现有的基础设施和计划，但这并不是一个完整的解决方案。
|
||||
|
||||
Westgarth 说：“为了连接现在和将来需要它的所有人员和事物，我们需要开阔我们的思维；我们需要在连通性生态系统中增加新的一层。”
|
||||
|
||||
加入 [Facebook][7] 和 [LinkedIn][8] 上的 Network World 社区，以评论最首要的主题。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3566295/balloon-powered-internet-service-goes-live-in-kenya.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Patrick Nelson][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[JonnieWayy](https://github.com/JonnieWayy)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.networkworld.com/author/Patrick-Nelson/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://loon.com/
|
||||
[2]: https://www.telkom.co.ke/
|
||||
[3]: https://medium.com/loon-for-all/loon-is-live-in-kenya-259d81c75a7a
|
||||
[4]: https://telkom.co.ke/telkom-and-loon-announce-progressive-deployment-loon-technology-customers-july
|
||||
[5]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3207535/what-is-iot-the-internet-of-things-explained.html
|
||||
[6]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3405170/softbank-plans-drone-delivered-iot-and-internet-by-2023.html
|
||||
[7]: https://www.facebook.com/NetworkWorld/
|
||||
[8]: https://www.linkedin.com/company/network-world
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ()
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Concise data plotting in Python with Altair)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/6/altair-python)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Shaun Taylor-Morgan https://opensource.com/users/shaun-taylor-morgan)
|
||||
|
||||
Python 下使用 Altair 数据制图简明教程
|
||||
======
|
||||
Altair 作为一个 Python 数据制图库，提供了优雅的接口及自有的绘图语言。
|
||||
![metrics and data shown on a computer screen][1]
|
||||
|
||||
Python 中的 [绘图库][2] 提供了呈现数据的多种方式，可以满足你不同的偏好，如灵活性、布局、易用性，或者特殊的类型。
|
||||
|
||||
和其它方式相比，我发现，Altair 提供的是一种不同的解决方案，且总体而言使用起来更为简单。得益于声明式的绘图语言 [Vega][3]，Altair 拥有一套优雅的接口，可以直接定义要绘的图应该是什么样子，而不是通过写一大堆循环和条件判断去一步步构建。
|
||||
|
||||
### 绘图流程
|
||||
|
||||
我通过绘制同一个多柱状图比较了多个 Python 绘图库的差异。正式开始之前，你需要将你的 Python 环境调整到能运行下面代码的状态。具体就是：
|
||||
|
||||
* 安装最新版的 Python（ [Linux][4]、[Mac][5] 和 [Windows][6] 系统下的安装方法）
|
||||
* 确认该版本 Python 可以运行本教程所使用的库
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
演示用数据可从网络下载，并且可以用 pandas 直接导入：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
import pandas as pd
|
||||
df = pd.read_csv('<https://anvil.works/blog/img/plotting-in-python/uk-election-results.csv>')
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
准备开始吧。为了做个比较，先看下面这个用 [Matplotlib][7] 做的图：
|
||||
|
||||
![Matplotlib UK election results][8]
|
||||
|
||||
使用 Matplotlib 需要 16 行代码，图柱的位置需要自己计算。
|
||||
|
||||
使用 Altair 绘制相似的图，代码如下：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
import altair as alt
|
||||
|
||||
chart = alt.Chart(df).mark_bar().encode(
|
||||
x='party',
|
||||
y='seats',
|
||||
column='year',
|
||||
color='party',
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
chart.save('altair-elections.html')
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
真是简洁多了！与 [Seaborn][9] 类似，Altair 所用数据的组织形式是每个变量一列（即 [数据列][10] ）。这种方式下可以将每个变量映射到图的一个属性上—— Altair 称之为”通道“。在上例中，我们期望每个 “党派” 在 `x` 轴上显示为一组图柱， 其 “席位” 显示在 `y` 轴，且将图柱按照 “年份” 分开为 “列”。我们还想根据 “党派” 给图柱使用不同的 “颜色”。用语言表述需求的话就是上面这个样子，而这也正是代码所要表述的！
|
||||
|
||||
现在把图画出来：
|
||||
|
||||
![Altair plot with default styling][11]
|
||||
|
||||
### 调整样式
|
||||
|
||||
这和我们期待的效果有点接近了。与 Matplotlib 方案相比，主要区别在于 Altair 方案中，每个 `year` 组显示的时候，内部之间都有个小空白——这不是问题，这只是 Altair 多柱状图显示的一个特性。
|
||||
|
||||
所以说呢，还需要对显示样式再做一些改进。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 非整形数据
|
||||
|
||||
两个不是整数的年份名称（`Feb 1974` 和 `Oct 1974`）显示为 `NaN` 了。这可以通过将年份数值 `year` 转换为字符串来解决：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
` df['year'] = df['year'].astype(str)`
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 指定数据排序方法
|
||||
|
||||
还需要让 Altair 知道如何对数据进行排序。Altair 允许通过传给它一个 `Column` 对象，来设定 `Column` 通道的更多细节。现在让 Altair 按照数据在数据集中出现的顺序排列：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
chart = alt.Chart(df).mark_bar().encode(
|
||||
# ...
|
||||
column=alt.Column('year', sort=list(df['year']), title=None),
|
||||
# ...
|
||||
)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 移除坐标轴标签
|
||||
|
||||
我们通过设置 `title=None` 移除了图顶的 "year" 标签。下面再一处每列数据的 "party" 标签：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
chart = alt.Chart(df).mark_bar().encode(
|
||||
x=alt.X('party', title=None),
|
||||
# ...
|
||||
)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 指定颜色图
|
||||
|
||||
最后，我们还想自己指定图柱的颜色。Altair 允许建立 `domain` 中数值与 `range` 中颜色的映射来实现所需功能，太贴心了：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
cmap = {
|
||||
'Conservative': '#0343df',
|
||||
'Labour': '#e50000',
|
||||
'Liberal': '#ffff14',
|
||||
'Others': '#929591',
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
chart = alt.Chart(df).mark_bar().encode(
|
||||
# ...
|
||||
color=alt.Color('party', scale=alt.Scale(domain=list(cmap.keys()), range=list(cmap.values())))
|
||||
)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 样式调整后的最终代码
|
||||
|
||||
应用上述样式调整之后，代码看起来不那么悦目了，但我们仍然是用声明的方式实现的，这正式 Altair 如此有弹性的原因所在。实现过程中，仍然是使用的异于显示数据的独立变量来分离图中不同属性的，而不是像在 Matplotlib 中那样直接对显示数据做复杂的操作。唯一的不同是，我们的变量名字封装在类似 `alt.X()` 的对象中，从而实现对显示效果的控制：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
import altair as alt
|
||||
from votes import long as df
|
||||
|
||||
cmap = {
|
||||
'Conservative': '#0343df',
|
||||
'Labour': '#e50000',
|
||||
'Liberal': '#ffff14',
|
||||
'Others': '#929591',
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
df['year'] = df['year'].astype(str)
|
||||
|
||||
# We're still assigning, e.g. 'party' to x, but now we've wrapped it
|
||||
# in alt.X in order to specify its styling
|
||||
chart = alt.Chart(df).mark_bar().encode(
|
||||
x=alt.X('party', title=None),
|
||||
y='seats',
|
||||
column=alt.Column('year', sort=list(df['year']), title=None),
|
||||
color=alt.Color('party', scale=alt.Scale(domain=list(cmap.keys()), range=list(cmap.values())))
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
chart.save('altair-elections.html')
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
现在与 Matplotlib 方案扯平了，代码数量达到了 16 行！
|
||||
|
||||
下图是使用我们的样式调整方案之后的 Altair 效果图：
|
||||
|
||||
![The Altair plot with our custom styling][12]
|
||||
|
||||
### **结论**
|
||||
|
||||
尽管在代码数量上，使用 Altair 绘图没有表现出优势，但它的声明式绘图语言使得对图层的操控更为精密，这是我比较欣赏的。Altair 还提供了清晰而独立的方式来调校显示样式，这使得 相关代码与绘图的代码块分离开来。Altair 确实是使用 Python 绘图时又一个很棒的工具库。
|
||||
|
||||
\---
|
||||
|
||||
_本文首次发布于 [这里][13]，蒙允编辑后再次发布_
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/20/6/altair-python
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Shaun Taylor-Morgan][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[silentdawn-zz](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/shaun-taylor-morgan
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/metrics_data_dashboard_system_computer_analytics.png?itok=oxAeIEI- (metrics and data shown on a computer screen)
|
||||
[2]: https://opensource.com/article/20/4/plot-data-python
|
||||
[3]: https://vega.github.io/vega/
|
||||
[4]: https://opensource.com/article/20/4/install-python-linux
|
||||
[5]: https://opensource.com/article/19/5/python-3-default-mac
|
||||
[6]: https://opensource.com/article/19/8/how-install-python-windows
|
||||
[7]: https://opensource.com/article/20/5/matplotlib-python
|
||||
[8]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/matplotlib_1_1.png (Matplotlib UK election results)
|
||||
[9]: https://anvil.works/blog/plotting-in-seaborn
|
||||
[10]: https://anvil.works/blog/tidy-data
|
||||
[11]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/altair-first-try.png (Altair plot with default styling)
|
||||
[12]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/altair_3.png (The Altair plot with our custom styling.)
|
||||
[13]: https://anvil.works/blog/plotting-in-altair
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,391 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (silentdawn-zz)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Tiny Yet Useful: 13 Raspberry Pi Zero Alternatives That Cost Less Than $20)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/raspberry-pi-zero-alternatives/)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Chinmay https://itsfoss.com/author/chinmay/)
|
||||
|
||||
个头小本事大：13 种 20 美元以下的树莓派 Zero 替代品
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
最近两年，[树莓派 Zero][1] 和 [树莓派 Zero W][2] 作为新成员出现在树莓派产品线中。从制造者和 DIY 社区的角度，这些超小型的单板计算机带来了巨大震撼，而且作为 [树莓派计划][3] 的一部分将持续相当一段时间。
|
||||
|
||||
为了实现更小尺寸和有效控制价位，他们不得不在许多特性上做出让步，如放弃专用网口、采用更慢的处理器等（与其对应的全功能版相比）。
|
||||
|
||||
早先的一篇文章中，我们罗列了 [树莓派的最佳替代品][4]。这里，我将给出树莓派 Zero 和树莓派 Zero W 的一些替代选项。
|
||||
|
||||
预览 | 产品 | 价格 |
|
||||
---|---|---|---
|
||||
![CanaKit Raspberry Pi Zero W \(Wireless\) Complete Starter Kit - 16 GB Edition][5] ![CanaKit Raspberry Pi Zero W \(Wireless\) Complete Starter Kit - 16 GB Edition][5] | [CanaKit Raspberry Pi Zero W (Wireless) Complete Starter Kit - 16 GB Edition][6] | $34.99[][7] | [Buy on Amazon][8]
|
||||
|
||||
### 树莓派 Zero 替代品：应用于物联网和嵌入式项目的超小单板计算机
|
||||
|
||||
![][9]
|
||||
|
||||
受益于开源设计和开源软件栈，在满足各式项目需求的过程中，我们都有大量的各样特性的现成产品可用。所有这些板子运行的都是嵌入式 Linux 的各种变体。
|
||||
|
||||
尽管树莓派 Zero 和树莓派 Zero W 发布价格分别是 5 美元和 10 美元，但即使是在美国境内，也很难以发布价买到成品。在美国之外，更是要花 12 和 20 美元才有可能买到。
|
||||
|
||||
先记着这些，然后看看一些 20 美元以下的树莓派 Zero 替代品。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1\. 香蕉派 BPI M2 Zero
|
||||
|
||||
![][10]
|
||||
|
||||
香蕉派 M2 Zero 售价 **$18**，与树莓派 Zero W 拥有相同的布局。它看起来像是树莓派 Zero W 的复制品，但也仅仅是外形像而已。它使用的是更快的全志 H2+ SOC 处理器，而且可以外挂网络模块。它还可以运行多种基于 Linux 的操作系统。
|
||||
|
||||
**主要参数**
|
||||
|
||||
* 全志 H2+ 四核 Cortex-A7 处理器，具有 H265/HEVC 1080P 能力的 Mali400MP2 GPU
|
||||
* 512M DDR3 内存（与 GPU 共享）
|
||||
* 40 针接口，与树莓派 3 兼容
|
||||
* 板载 WiFi (AP6212) 、蓝牙和外部天线连接口
|
||||
* CSI 摄像头接口
|
||||
* 电源及复位按钮
|
||||
* Mini HDMI 视频输出
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
详情可参阅 [Banana Pi Wiki][11]，可从 [此处][12] 购买。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2\. 香蕉派 BPI-M2 Magic (BPi-M2M)
|
||||
|
||||
![][13]
|
||||
|
||||
这个型号有 2 个变体，无板载 eMMC 闪存的标价 **20美元**。这是相对其尺寸而言拥有更大处理能力的小型单板计算机。我觉得这毫无疑问是制作物联网和自动家居中作为触控面板和显示面板的很好的选择。其板载电源管理系统也很有吸引力。
|
||||
|
||||
**主要参数**
|
||||
|
||||
* 全志 A33/R16 四核 ARM Cortex-A7 处理器，MALI 400 MP2 GPU
|
||||
* 板载 802.11 b/g/n 2.4GHz (AP6212) WiFi，蓝牙4.0 with BLE
|
||||
* 512MB DDR3 (shared with GPU)
|
||||
* MIPI 串行显示接口 (DSI) (4 数据通道)
|
||||
* CSI 摄像头输入接口，最大分辨率 1080p 时可达 30 帧/秒
|
||||
* 板载麦克和电池管理
|
||||
* 无 HDMI 输出
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
详情可参阅 [Banana Pi Wiki][14]，可从 [此处][15] 购买。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3\. 香蕉派 BPI-P2 Maker
|
||||
|
||||
![][16]
|
||||
|
||||
此板售价 **13 美元**（带有 POE 模块的版本售价 **19 美元**），是带有板载网络模块及支持网口供电（POE）的最小的单板计算机之一。和香蕉派 M2 Zero 一样，使用的是全志 H2+ SOC 处理器，是块非常有趣的板子。它具有板载 8 GB eMMC 存储空间及摄像头接口，同时具有 POE 功能，可用于 DIY 监控摄像，也可以作为基本的机器学习处理器使用。
|
||||
|
||||
**主要参数**
|
||||
|
||||
* 处理器：全志 H2+，四核，Cortex-A7 架构
|
||||
* 512MB DDR 3 同步动态随机存取内存
|
||||
* 板载 WiFi (AP6212) 和蓝牙
|
||||
* 板载 8G eMMC 闪存
|
||||
* 100M 网络
|
||||
* Mini HDMI
|
||||
* CSI 摄像头接口
|
||||
* 具有 POE 模块，支持 IEEE 802.3af PoE 标准
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
详情可参阅 [Banana Pi Wiki][17]，可从 [此处][18] 购买。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 4\. 桔子派 Zero LTS
|
||||
|
||||
![][19]
|
||||
|
||||
当前支持板载网络及 POE 的最小且最便宜的单板计算机，售价仅为 **11.49 美元**（ 256 MB 内存版本 售价 **9.49 美元**）。其采用非常常见的全志 H2+ 处理器，具有可通过通用输入输出端设定的硬扩展选项，还有一个 13 脚的外接功能端口。
|
||||
|
||||
**主要参数**
|
||||
|
||||
* 全志 H2+ 四核 Cortex-A7 架构处理器，视频支持 H.265/HEVC 1080P
|
||||
* Mali400MP2 GPU @600MHz
|
||||
* 256MB/512MB DDR3 SDRAM（与 GPU 共用）（256 MB 版为标准版）
|
||||
* 10/100M 自适应网络，RJ45 网口，POE 功能默认关闭
|
||||
* WiFi 使用 XR819 方案，支持 IEEE 802.11 b/g/n
|
||||
* 26 脚 GPIO 连接头
|
||||
* 13 脚硬扩展功能连接头，包含 2 路 USB、红外线接口和声音端口（MIC、AV）
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
详情可参阅 [官方网站][20]，可从亚马逊购买。
|
||||
|
||||
预览 | 产品 | 价格 |
|
||||
---|---|---|---
|
||||
![Orange Pi Zero Single Board Computer Quad Core Open-Source Development Board 512MB with WiFi Antenna][21] ![Orange Pi Zero Single Board Computer Quad Core Open-Source Development Board 512MB with WiFi Antenna][21] | [Orange Pi Zero Single Board Computer Quad Core Open-Source Development Board 512MB with WiFi Antenna][22] | $11.99 | [Buy on Amazon][23]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 5\. 桔子派 i96
|
||||
|
||||
![][24]
|
||||
|
||||
尺寸仅有 6 cm × 3 cm，个头最小的型号之一，售价 **8.8 美元**。该板使用 [RDA8810PL 处理器][25]，可作为相当先进的功能手机，适合摄像应用（有处理器厂商背书），最高可以 30 帧/秒的速率采集 1080p 分辨率的图像。在同等价位产品中，输入输出功能出色。
|
||||
|
||||
**主要参数**
|
||||
|
||||
* RDA8810PL ARM Cortex-A5 32 位单核处理器
|
||||
* Vivante 出品 GC860 GPU
|
||||
* 集成 256MB LPDDR2 SDRAM
|
||||
* RDA5991 方案的 WiFi 和蓝牙
|
||||
* CSI 摄像头输入接口
|
||||
* 40 脚 GPIO 头
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
详情可参阅 [官方网站][26]，可从 [此处][27] 购买。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 6\. 桔子派 PC
|
||||
|
||||
![][28]
|
||||
|
||||
该板售价 **15 美元**，继承了很多功能。在同等价位板子中少有的集成了 1 GB 内存的型号之一。采用全志 H3 处理器，可解码 4K HEVC/H.265 视频。具有 HDMI 输出口并支持 HDCP 和 CEC。该单板计算机可以通过安装软件成为一个很好用的媒体盒子。它竟然还配备了板载红外接收器和麦克。
|
||||
|
||||
**主要参数**
|
||||
|
||||
* 全志 H3 四核 Cortex-A7 架构处理器，主频 1.6 GHz
|
||||
* 1GB DDR3 内存（ GPU 共享）
|
||||
* 支持 4K 输出的 HDMI
|
||||
* CSI 摄像头接口，板载麦克
|
||||
* SD 卡槽
|
||||
* IR 接收器
|
||||
* 3.5mm 音频接口
|
||||
* 网口
|
||||
* 板上无 WiFi 和蓝牙
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
桔子派 PC 还有一种减配版，使用的是同样的处理器，只是内存容量要小。
|
||||
|
||||
详情可参阅 [官方网站][29]，可从 [此处][30] 购买。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 7\. 桔子派 One 和桔子派 Lite
|
||||
|
||||
这两种板子与桔子派 PC 一样，使用的是全志 H3 处理器，但配备的是 512MB 内存。
|
||||
|
||||
**主要参数**
|
||||
|
||||
* 全志 H3 四核处理器
|
||||
* HDMI 输出，支持 4K 高清
|
||||
* SD 卡槽
|
||||
* 512 MB DDR3 内存
|
||||
* CSI 摄像头接口
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
![Orange Pi Lite][31]
|
||||
|
||||
![Orange Pi One][32]
|
||||
|
||||
桔子派 Lite 售价 **12 美元**，不支持板载有线网络，但提供了 WiFi 联网功能。其具有板载麦克和红外接收器。详情可参阅 [官方网站][33]，可从 [此处][34] 购买。
|
||||
|
||||
桔子派 One 售价 **11 美元**，具有板载有线网络，但不支持 WiFi。详情可参阅 [官方网站][35]，可从 [此处][36] 购买。
|
||||
|
||||
在桔子派相关内容的最后，我想简单提一下他们提供的几种适合自定义应用的板子。
|
||||
|
||||
* 桔子派 R1 – 具有双有线网口的小板子，可用于构建网络设备。
|
||||
* Orange Pi 2G IOT 和 Orange Pi 3G IOT - 这些板子分别提供了 2G 和 3G 蜂窝网络连接能力，适合作为物联网设备。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
这些板子都不超过 **20 美元**，详情可参阅 [官方网站][37]。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 8\. NanoPi Neo LTS
|
||||
|
||||
![][38]
|
||||
|
||||
起步价 **9.99 美元**，该板非常袖珍（ 4 cm x 4 cm），与桔子派 Zero 规格相似。不同的是，它使用的是更为强悍的全志 H3 处理器和高达 512MB 的内存。虽然无任何板载 WiFi 和蓝牙芯片，但可以通过 USB 接口外接相关器件获得相应功能。该板非常适合作为类似 Pi-Hole 的无显示器的 Linux 服务器、DNS 过滤器运行，同时也很适合作为物联网应用的边缘器件使用。通过 GPIO 可以扩展出你需要的很多功能。
|
||||
|
||||
**主要参数**
|
||||
|
||||
* 全志 H3 四核处理器，Cortex A7 内核，主频 1.2 GHz
|
||||
* 512 MB 内存
|
||||
* Micro SD 卡槽（最高支持 128 GB）
|
||||
* 10/100 Mbps 网口
|
||||
* 冗余 GPIO 脚可实现其它所需功能
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
可从 [官方网站][39] 了解详情及购买。
|
||||
|
||||
![][40]
|
||||
|
||||
NanoPi NEO 的极简版称为 NanoPi NEO Core LTS，该极简版为满足工业应用需求增加了 eMMC 存储，且通过扩展 GPIO 提供了板载 USB 接口和板载网络接口。详情参阅 [这里][41]。
|
||||
|
||||
![][42]
|
||||
|
||||
Nano NEO Air 的 WiFi/蓝牙版称为 NanoPi NEO Air，提供了 eMMC 存储和摄像头输入接口，提供了板载 USB 接口和板载网络接口。详情参阅 [这里][43].
|
||||
|
||||
#### 9\. Zero Pi
|
||||
|
||||
![][44]
|
||||
|
||||
这是所有这里提到的板子中，我最感兴趣的板子之一，售价 **9.99 美元**，具有板载千兆网口，使用全志 H3 处理器，小而强悍，适合应用于网络相关场景。它可以运行 OpenWRT，和其配备的千兆网络相得益彰。在作为 DNS 服务器运行的同时，还可以运行 Pi-Hole 的多个实例。
|
||||
|
||||
**主要参数**
|
||||
|
||||
* 全志 H3 四核处理器，Cortex A7 架构，主频最高 1.2GHz
|
||||
* 512MB 内存
|
||||
* USB 2.0 接口
|
||||
* 可运行 OpenWRT
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
可从 [官方网站][45] 了解详情及下单购买。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 10\. NanoPi NEO 2
|
||||
|
||||
![][46]
|
||||
|
||||
NanoPi NEO 2 售价 **19.99 美元**，是 NanoPi NEO 的 2 倍。其外形尺寸与 NanoPi Neo 相同，但使用的是全志 H5 处理器，并配备了千兆网功能。这使得该板子个头小而性能强。
|
||||
|
||||
**主要参数**
|
||||
|
||||
* 全志 H5 处理器，四核 64 位，高性能 Cortex A53 架构
|
||||
* Hexacore Mali450 GPU
|
||||
* 512MB 内存
|
||||
* 1Gbps 板载网络
|
||||
* 24 脚 GPIO
|
||||
* 包含音频及红外之类功能的外接口
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
可从 [官方网站][47] 了解详情及下单购买。
|
||||
|
||||
上面的链接是关于 NanoPi 系列板子的。除此之外，还有一些其它有趣的板子，如配备双千兆网口的，以及针对摄像头应用的。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 11\. La Frite
|
||||
|
||||
![][48]
|
||||
|
||||
出品商是 [Le Potato][49]，售价 **20 美元**，主要面向消费媒体及流媒体。它通过 HDMI 2.0 接口以 HDR 方式实现 1080p 视频播放，支持最新的安卓 9 /电视、Linux upstream、u-boot、Kodi等。
|
||||
|
||||
**主要参数**
|
||||
|
||||
* 晶晨 S805X 处理器，四核，Cortex-A53 架构，主频 1.2GHz
|
||||
* 最大 1GB DDR4 SDRAM
|
||||
* 晶晨视频引擎 10，支持 H.264、H.265 和 VP9 解码，最高能以 60 帧/秒的速率实现 1080p 高清
|
||||
* 百兆网
|
||||
* 红外接收
|
||||
* 40 脚 GPIO
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
详情可参阅 [官方网站][50] .
|
||||
|
||||
#### 12\. Onion Omega2+
|
||||
|
||||
![][51]
|
||||
|
||||
如果你需要的是应用于物联网场景的单板计算机，那么 [Onion Omega][52] 2+ 是替代树莓派 Zero 的很好选择。它是针对物联网的开发平台，运行的是基于 [OpenWRT][53] 的嵌入式 Linux 开发环境。
|
||||
|
||||
**主要参数**
|
||||
|
||||
* MT7688 处理器
|
||||
* 2.4 GHz WiFi，支持 IEEE 802.11 b/g/n
|
||||
* 128 MB DDR2 内存
|
||||
* 32 MB 板载闪存
|
||||
* MicroSD 卡槽
|
||||
* USB 2.0
|
||||
* 12 个 GPIO 引脚
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
你可以 **13 美元** 的单价从 [官方网站][54] 购买其极简版，并可以选配各种附件。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 13\. VoCore2
|
||||
|
||||
![][55]
|
||||
|
||||
VoCore2 肯定是类似产品中最小的一种，极简版尺寸只有 1 英寸见方，售价 **17.99 美元**。小巧的尺寸使得其能方便的嵌入到不同的应用场合，而且允许根据需要扩充不同的特性。该板使用过的是联发科针对中低端路由器的处理器 MT7628 处理器。生产商声明该型号板子将持续供应至 2025 年，这是个不错的消息。
|
||||
|
||||
**主要参数**
|
||||
|
||||
* 联发科 MT7628 处理器，主频 580 MHz，MIPS 24K
|
||||
* 128MB DDR2 内存, 内存刷新率 166 MHz
|
||||
* 1 或 5 网口，100 Mbps 网络
|
||||
* 无线网，支持 802.11n，双收双发，网速最高 300Mbps
|
||||
* 板载 16M NOR 存储器，支持最大 2TB SDXC 卡
|
||||
* 一个板载 U.FL 槽（天线接口）
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
你可以从 [此处][56] 了解更多细节，可以从 [官方网站][57] 下单购买。
|
||||
|
||||
**结束语**
|
||||
|
||||
无可否认，不同规格和特性的各种单板计算机可以满足千变万化的使用需求。另外，绝大部分此类产品都基于开源设计，运行着开源软件。这绝对是硬核玩家不可多得的乐园。
|
||||
|
||||
由于新冠病毒的肆虐，要上手这些板子可能要稍费周折，期待情况能尽快好转！
|
||||
|
||||
如果各位知道树莓派 Zero 和树莓派 Zero W 的其它有趣的替代型号，请留言。我们根据情况检查充实。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/raspberry-pi-zero-alternatives/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Chinmay][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[silentdawn-zz](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/chinmay/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://www.raspberrypi.org/products/raspberry-pi-zero/
|
||||
[2]: https://itsfoss.com/raspberry-pi-zero-w/
|
||||
[3]: https://itsfoss.com/raspberry-pi-projects/
|
||||
[4]: https://itsfoss.com/raspberry-pi-alternatives/
|
||||
[5]: https://i1.wp.com/m.media-amazon.com/images/I/517BwcAPmTL._SL160_.jpg?ssl=1
|
||||
[6]: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B072N3X39J?tag=chmod7mediate-20&linkCode=ogi&th=1&psc=1 (CanaKit Raspberry Pi Zero W (Wireless) Complete Starter Kit - 16 GB Edition)
|
||||
[7]: https://www.amazon.com/gp/prime/?tag=chmod7mediate-20 (Amazon Prime)
|
||||
[8]: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B072N3X39J?tag=chmod7mediate-20&linkCode=ogi&th=1&psc=1 (Buy on Amazon)
|
||||
[9]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/raspberry-pi-zero-alterantives.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[10]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/banana-pi-zero-1.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[11]: http://wiki.banana-pi.org/Banana_Pi_BPI-M2_ZERO#Hardware_interfaces
|
||||
[12]: https://www.aliexpress.com/item/32839074880.html?spm=2114.12010612.8148356.2.258c72dbKctWv3
|
||||
[13]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Banana-Pi-M2M-2-1.jpg?ssl=1
|
||||
[14]: http://wiki.banana-pi.org/Banana_Pi_BPI-M2M
|
||||
[15]: https://www.aliexpress.com/item/32836172813.html?spm=2114.12010612.8148356.2.25ac76c2BKPl43
|
||||
[16]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Banana-Pi-P2-Zero-1.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[17]: http://wiki.banana-pi.org/Banana_Pi_BPI-P2_Zero
|
||||
[18]: https://www.aliexpress.com/item/32953609399.html?spm=2114.12010612.8148356.6.6d4070a9ktu2qs
|
||||
[19]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Orange-Pi-Zero-LTS.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[20]: http://www.orangepi.org/orangepizerolts/
|
||||
[21]: https://i0.wp.com/m.media-amazon.com/images/I/51wOvNrzHkL._SL160_.jpg?ssl=1
|
||||
[22]: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07ZYJGPF8?tag=chmod7mediate-20&linkCode=ogi&th=1&psc=1 (Orange Pi Zero Single Board Computer Quad Core Open-Source Development Board 512MB with WiFi Antenna)
|
||||
[23]: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07ZYJGPF8?tag=chmod7mediate-20&linkCode=ogi&th=1&psc=1 (Buy on Amazon)
|
||||
[24]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Orange-Pi-i96.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[25]: https://www.openhacks.com/uploadsproductos/2016030304473558.pdf
|
||||
[26]: http://www.orangepi.org/OrangePii96/
|
||||
[27]: https://www.aliexpress.com/item/32819068354.html?spm=2114.12010612.8148356.2.7cb16aa1JdhlzK
|
||||
[28]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/opipc.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[29]: http://www.orangepi.org/orangepipc/
|
||||
[30]: https://www.aliexpress.com/item/32448079125.html
|
||||
[31]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Orange-Pi-Lite.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[32]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Orange-Pi-One.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[33]: http://www.orangepi.org/orangepilite/
|
||||
[34]: https://www.aliexpress.com/item/32662738571.html?spm=2114.12010612.8148356.16.222f4f44KYIA5v
|
||||
[35]: http://www.orangepi.org/orangepione/
|
||||
[36]: https://www.aliexpress.com/item/32603308880.html?spm=a2g0o.detail.1000060.1.4fb86a5eWkGEex&gps-id=pcDetailBottomMoreThisSeller&scm=1007.13339.146401.0&scm_id=1007.13339.146401.0&scm-url=1007.13339.146401.0&pvid=9042001e-bc4a-471b-a3a0-9f0d276d0c3f&_t=gps-id:pcDetailBottomMoreThisSeller,scm-url:1007.13339.146401.0,pvid:9042001e-bc4a-471b-a3a0-9f0d276d0c3f,tpp_buckets:668%230%23131923%2358_668%23808%237756%23236_668%23888%233325%232_668%232846%238111%23464_668%232717%237564%23664_
|
||||
[37]: http://www.orangepi.org
|
||||
[38]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/NanoPi-NEO_04-900x630-1.jpg?ssl=1
|
||||
[39]: https://www.friendlyarm.com/index.php?route=product/product&path=69&product_id=132&sort=p.price&order=ASC
|
||||
[40]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Core_04-900x630-1.jpg?ssl=1
|
||||
[41]: https://www.friendlyarm.com/index.php?route=product/product&path=69&product_id=212&sort=p.price&order=ASC
|
||||
[42]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/air_03-900x630-1.jpg?ssl=1
|
||||
[43]: https://www.friendlyarm.com/index.php?route=product/product&path=69&product_id=151&sort=p.price&order=ASC
|
||||
[44]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/ZeroPi_03-900x630-1.jpg?ssl=1
|
||||
[45]: https://www.friendlyarm.com/index.php?route=product/product&path=69&product_id=266&sort=p.price&order=ASC
|
||||
[46]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/NEO2_04-900x630-1.jpg?ssl=1
|
||||
[47]: https://www.friendlyarm.com/index.php?route=product/product&product_id=180
|
||||
[48]: https://i0.wp.com/cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/1098/4826/products/84988b14aa58054c0a4cbf8c03466fa9_original_1024x1024.jpg?resize=544%2C306&ssl=1
|
||||
[49]: https://libre.computer/products/boards/aml-s905x-cc/
|
||||
[50]: https://libre.computer/products/boards/aml-s805x-ac/
|
||||
[51]: https://i0.wp.com/onion.io/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/OM-O2P.jpg?resize=424%2C424&ssl=1
|
||||
[52]: https://itsfoss.com/onion-omega-2/
|
||||
[53]: https://openwrt.org/
|
||||
[54]: https://onion.io/
|
||||
[55]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/VoCore2.png?resize=719%2C319&ssl=1
|
||||
[56]: https://vocore.io/v2.html
|
||||
[57]: https://vocore.io/
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user