diff --git a/sources/share/20150310 4 Linux Based Mini PC You Can Buy In 2015.md b/sources/share/20150310 4 Linux Based Mini PC You Can Buy In 2015.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fcecf0d396 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/share/20150310 4 Linux Based Mini PC You Can Buy In 2015.md @@ -0,0 +1,139 @@ +4 Linux Based Mini PC You Can Buy In 2015 +================================================================================ +![](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Linux_Based_Mini_PC.jpg) + +Mini PCs, in my opinion, will takeover the traditional desktop computers in near future. Traditional desktop has a bulky CPU which takes a lot of space with its fan running like a blower. The mini PCs, on the other hand, are tiny and compact. With hardly 4″ or 5″ in size, they can be easily placed on a table. + +Moreover, these mini PCs are fanless which is an added virtue. Of course, you can buy fanless regular desktops but the space consumption is still an issue. Personally, I find the mini PC cute in looks. If you are not a gamer and thinking of buying a new desktop PC, I’ll highly recommend you to **buy a Linux based mini PC**. + +If you go by my recommendation and consider buying it, you might wonder what options do you have. Worry not. In this post we shall see four **Linux based Mini PC that you can buy in 2015**. + +### Linux based mini PCs ### + +Please do note that some of these gadgets might not be available to order just yet. Some of these have been just announced and will be released to public in near future. + +#### 1. Meerkat by System76 #### + +![](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/system76-meerkat.jpg) + +[System76][1] is a computer manufacturer exclusively dealing with only Ubuntu based desktop, laptops and servers. [System76 announced an Ubuntu based mini PC Meerkat][2] last week. Let’s take a quick look at its specification: + +**Specification** + +- Intel 5th Generation processors, available options i3-5010U and i5-5250U +- up to 2 TB of storage (M.2 SATA SSD) +- 16 GB DDR3 RAM +- Graphics Intel HD 5500 and Intel HD 6000 for i3 and i5 respectively +- 4″ x 4″ in size +- WiFi +- 1 Gb NIC +- 2 USB 3.0 ports + +**Price** + +In the range of $500 (yet to be confirmed). + +**Availability** + +US release by the end of March 2015. + +#### 2. Mintbox Mini by Compulab #### + +![](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/mintbox-mini.jpeg) + +[Compulab][3] shrunk its flagship Linux Mint based PC devices, Mintbox into [Mintbox Mini][4]. The compact version is around 4″ in size. More details are as following: + +**Specifications** + +- AMD A4-6400T processor +- Radeon R3 graphics processor +- 4 GB RAM +- 64 GB SSD +- 2 USB 3.0 ports, 3 USB 2.0 ports +- 2 HDMI out ports +- 802.11 b/g/n Wifi +- Gigabit Ethernet +- MicroSD reader + +**Price** + +Staring around $300 + +**Availability** + +Second quarter of 2015 + +#### 3. Utilite2 by Compulab #### + +![](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Utilite2-ARM-PC.jpg) + +It’s not that Compulab has stuck with Linux Mint only. It announced an ARM desktop PC running Ubuntu in last December. With a size of 3.4″x2.3″, [Utilite2][5] has modest feature and modest price. + +**Specifications** + +- Qualcomm Snapdragon 600 (APQ8064) quad-core CPU 1.7GHz +- 2GB RAM, eMMC with optional 32 GB mSATA storage +- Graphics with Qualcomm Adreno™ GPU +- 1080p video playback and capture +- Dual-antenna WiFi 802.11 and Bluetooth 4.0 +- Gigabit Ethernet, 4x USB2, USB OTG +- Cellular modem support + +**Price** + +$192 for regular model, $229 with SSD storage. Shipping charges extra. + +**Availability** + +Available to purchase now. It will take four weeks in shipping. + +#### Penguin Pocket Wee by Think Penguin #### + +![](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Think_Penguin_Pocket_Wee.jpeg) + +[Think Penguin][6] is a Open Source focused hardware manufacturer. In the mini PC category, it has [Penguin Pocket Wee][7] to offer. With 4.6″x 4.4″x 1.4″ in size, Penguin Pocket Wee provides a number of configuration to you. You can choose between the processors, storage, network adapters and what not. You can choose to buy it pre-installed with your favorite Linux distribution, default OS is Ubuntu. + +The general configuration is as following: + +- Intel Core i3 or i5 processor with support for up to 1080p HD video +- Expandable up to 16GB of DDR3 RAM +- Intel HD graphics +- Wireless N +- Up to 250GB of SSD +- 4 USB 3.0 +- Intel 10/100/1000 Gigabit Ethernet Controller + +**Price** + +Basic model starts at $499 and it can go up to $1000 based on the configuration you select. + +**Availability** + +Available to order now. There are offices in UK and USA so it should be shipping to North America and Europe. + +### What’s your pick? ### + +I have deliberately not included [Raspberry Pi 2][8] or other Linux microcomputer such as [Intel’s Compute Stick][9]. The reason is that I do not think that micro-computers fall in the same categories as mini PCs. + +What do you think? Are you tempted to replace your desktop with a mini PC? Is there another player which I missed in this list of **best Linux based mini PCs**? Do share your views. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://itsfoss.com/4-linux-based-mini-pc-buy-2015/ + +作者：[Abhishek][a] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]:http://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/ +[1]:https://system76.com/ +[2]:http://itsfoss.com/system76-unveils-ubuntu-based-mini-pc-meerkat/ +[3]:http://www.compulab.co.il/ +[4]:http://itsfoss.com/mintbox-mini-compact-linux-mint-powered-pc-unveiled/ +[5]:http://www.compulab.co.il/utilite-computer/web/utilite2-overview +[6]:https://www.thinkpenguin.com/ +[7]:https://www.thinkpenguin.com/gnu-linux/penguin-pocket-wee-gnu-linux-desktop +[8]:http://itsfoss.com/raspberry-pi-2-specs/ +[9]:http://itsfoss.com/intels-compute-stick/ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/talk/20150310 FAQ--BSD.md b/sources/talk/20150310 FAQ--BSD.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..80f77ef656 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/talk/20150310 FAQ--BSD.md @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ +FAQ: BSD +================================================================================ +![](http://www.linuxvoice.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/faq1-large1.png) + +### Had history been slightly different, you’d be reading FreeBSD Voice today… ### + +#### So what’s the deal with this Birsa Seva Dal then? Isn’t it a political group in India? #### + +Very funny – you looked up the “BSD” disambiguation page on Wikipedia just to make that joke, didn’t you? Here we’re talking about the Berkeley Software Distribution, a family of operating systems that are much more widely used than you might think. + +#### Sorry, I couldn’t help myself. OK, so what’s the deal with these OSes? #### + +There are three main BSD operating systems in use today. They are based on Unix, they are open source, they tend to be used in server roles, but can also make good desktops and workstations as well. They run KDE, Firefox, LibreOffice, Apache, MySQL and pretty much any open source application you can name. They’re reliable, secure and support a lot of different hardware. + +#### Congratulations – you’ve just described GNU/Linux… #### + +True. Linux has all of the things I’ve just mentioned, and that’s why a lot of people never investigate BSD. In day-to-day usage, there isn’t a lot of difference between the BSD family and Linux, largely because they all have Unix underpinnings, and also because they share a lot of software. You could be logged into a remote machine, hacking some Python code in Vim, and checking your email in Mutt, and you wouldn’t know you were running BSD. Or you could be using an internet terminal in a cafe somewhere and not know it’s BSD. + +The biggest differences are in the development model and licence, and to understand this, we need to step back in time. The B in BSD refers to the University of California, Berkeley, which was a hotbed of open source Unix development back in the 1980s. As the 90s came, x86-based PCs were becoming popular and many people were interested in having a Unix-like OS on their home computers. A project called 386BSD was released in 1992 to provide just that. + +#### And where were all the Linux distributions at this time? #### + +Good question! You might know that one year before, Linus Torvalds had announced his kernel, which, when paired with the GNU project, formed a complete open source operating system. Linus had been following GNU’s own kernel (Hurd) and 386BSD, and said that had either of them been ready for daily use, he probably wouldn’t have created Linux. So the first few years of the 90s were tremendously lively for open source operating systems, and nobody was really sure which ones would succeed. + +Then it got messy for BSD. AT&T, the original developer of Unix, was trying to monetise its work on the operating system and claimed that BSD infringed its intellectual property rights. This culminated in a lawsuit in 1992 which severely held back BSD development. In the end, various chunks of the BSD source code had to be rewritten – while all this time, GNU/Linux was gaining features, stability and popularity. + +BSD was arguably in a more mature state than GNU/Linux in the early 1990s, and without these legal complications it could have become the standard on x86 PCs. We could all be using it today instead of Linux. + +#### But you said earlier that BSD is still widely used, so things improved after that? #### + +Yes. 386BSD development stagnated, but two teams of developers working over the internet created separate successor projects. FreeBSD became the most widely used flavour of BSD, and is now the closest to Linux as a desktop and server operating system, while NetBSD focused on portability (today it runs on over 50 platforms, all built from the same codebase). The third flavour, OpenBSD, forked off from NetBSD just a few years after NetBSD started due to a developer spat, and today it’s well known for its concentration on security. Over the years, OpenBSD has created many programs that have become standard on Linux, such as OpenSSH – and now we have LibreSSL too. + +#### So these three flavours of BSD are like Linux distributions? #### + +Yes and no. Each BSD has a separate codebase and separate development teams, although there is a lot of code-flow between them (especially for hardware drivers). But they are standalone operating systems with their own features, pros and cons. + +We mentioned that the development model of the BSDs is one feature that really distinguishes them from GNU/Linux. There’s nobody in charge of GNU/Linux as a whole: some teams are working on the GNU components, some are working on the kernel, some on boot scripts, some on manual pages, some on libraries, and so forth. The development model is often called “wild west”, with a lack of central authority, and distributions do all the hard work of fitting everything together. + +The BSDs, in contrast, are developed as complete projects from centralised source code trees. The kernel, the libraries, the system utilities and the manual pages are all stored and worked on in the same place. Many BSD fans argue that this gives the operating systems more coherency and stability, and from our years of dabbling with BSD we can attest that the manual pages are largely superb. + +![](http://www.linuxvoice.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/faq2-large1.png) + +#### Don’t the BSDs use anything from GNU/Linux? #### + +Yes, especially GCC. The GNU Compiler Collection has been the de-facto standard compiler on free Unix systems for decades, although FreeBSD has recently moved to LLVM/Clang. It’s important to note that the BSDs also use other open source projects that aren’t specifically GNU or Linux, such as the X Window System (XFree86 and X.org), Perl and so forth. And thanks to standards such as POSIX, most programs that run on Linux can be recompiled to run on the various BSD flavours. + +So, you could replace the L in a LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL and PHP) stack with FreeBSD, and get pretty much the same environment, with a different set of features (eg variations in filesystem and driver support). And there are some mega, super, huge users of FreeBSD, such as Netflix, which serve up ridiculous amounts of data every day. While FreeBSD makes a good desktop OS, its strengths really lie in the server room, with exceptional reliability and network performance. + +OpenBSD tends to be used in smaller web serving, file hosting, firewall and gateway roles where security is imperative. NetBSD is the least popular of the main BSD flavours – it can run on almost anything though, including old Amigas and Acorn boxes, and sometimes finds itself inside closed-source network devices. + +#### Hang on – how can someone close the source code? That ain’t kosher in Linux! #### + +Correct, and here we come to the other major difference with GNU/Linux. The licence for the BSD flavours (called, funnily enough, the BSD Licence) is very different to the GPL that we know. For starters, it’s much shorter. The BSD Licence essentially says: do what you want with this code, but give the original developers credit for writing it, and don’t try to sue them if it blows up your computer. + +So there’s nothing in the licence that forces the code to stay open, unlike with the GPL, which requires that users of the code also make their modifications freely available. This crucial difference has sparked countless flame wars over the years, with BSD fans saying that their licence is more free (because it’s less restrictive), while GNU/GPL fans say that their licence is actually more free (because it preserves freedom down the road). + +#### Blimey. Anyway, now that you’ve piqued my interest, where can I try out all these lovely BSD flavours? #### + +You can probably guess the websites – [www.openbsd.org][1], [www.freebsd.org][2] and [www.netbsd.org][3] – where you can download ISO images, boot them in VirtualBox, and play around. If you’ve been using Linux for a while, you won’t find any of them too difficult, although you’re expected to know your way around the command line. If you’re looking for something more newbie-friendly, PC-BSD + +([www.pcbsd.org][4]) is a customised version of FreeBSD focused on the desktop, with a fancy graphical installer and super-simple management of software. Have fun exploring! + + + + + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.linuxvoice.com/faq-bsd-2/ + +作者：[Mike Saunders][a] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]:http://www.linuxvoice.com/author/mike/ +[1]:http://www.openbsd.org/ +[2]:http://www.freebsd.org/ +[3]:http://www.netbsd.org/ +[4]:http://www.pcbsd.org/ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/tech/20150310 How To Get Email Alerts for SSH Login on Linux Server.md b/sources/tech/20150310 How To Get Email Alerts for SSH Login on Linux Server.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..286c909768 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20150310 How To Get Email Alerts for SSH Login on Linux Server.md @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +How To Get Email Alerts for SSH Login on Linux Server +================================================================================ +![](http://www.ehowstuff.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/fail2ban-security.jpg) + +Enable SSH server on a virtual private server (VPS) will expose the server to the internet and provide opportunities for hacking activities, especially when VPS still using root as a primary access. VPS should be configured with a email alert automatically to each successful login attempts via SSH server . VPS server owner shall be notified of any SSH server access log, such as who, when and which source IP address. This is an important security concern for server owners to protect the server from unknown login attempts. This is because if hackers use brute force to log into your VPS via ssh then it can be very dangerous. In this article, I will explain how to set up an email alert to all SSH login users on linux CentOS 6, CentOS 7, RHEL 6 and RHEL 7. + +1. Login to your server as root user : + +2. Configure at alert from source global definitions (/etc/bashrc). This will enabled for root and normal users : + + [root@vps ~]# vi /etc/bashrc + +Add the following at the bottom of the files. + + echo 'ALERT - Root Shell Access (vps.ehowstuff.com) on:' `date` `who` | mail -s "Alert: Root Access from `who | cut -d'(' -f2 | cut -d')' -f1`" recipient@gmail.com + +3. Optionally you can enable alert for root only : + + [root@vps ~]# vi .bashrc + +Add the following at the bottom of /root/.bashrc : + + echo 'ALERT - Root Shell Access (vps.ehowstuff.com) on:' `date` `who` | mail -s "Alert: Root Access from `who | cut -d'(' -f2 | cut -d')' -f1`" recipient@gmail.com + +Full Configuration file example : + + # .bashrc + + # User specific aliases and functions + + alias rm='rm -i' + alias cp='cp -i' + alias mv='mv -i' + + # Source global definitions + if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then + . /etc/bashrc + fi + echo 'ALERT - Root Shell Access (vps.ehowstuff.com) on:' `date` `who` | mail -s "Alert: Root Access from `who | cut -d'(' -f2 | cut -d')' -f1`" recipient@gmail.com + +4. Optionally you can enable alert for specify normal user (e.g skytech ) : + + [root@vps ~]# vi /home/skytech/.bashrc + +Add the following at the bottom of /home/skytech/.bashrc : + + echo 'ALERT - Root Shell Access (vps.ehowstuff.com) on:' `date` `who` | mail -s "Alert: Root Access from `who | cut -d'(' -f2 | cut -d')' -f1`" recipient@gmail.com + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.ehowstuff.com/how-to-get-email-alerts-for-ssh-login-on-linux-server/ + +作者：[skytech][a] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]:http://www.ehowstuff.com/author/mhstar/ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/tech/20150310 [Fixed] Keyboard And Mouse Freeze After Suspend In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md b/sources/tech/20150310 [Fixed] Keyboard And Mouse Freeze After Suspend In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cf356462da --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20150310 [Fixed] Keyboard And Mouse Freeze After Suspend In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +[Fixed] Keyboard And Mouse Freeze After Suspend In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip] +================================================================================ +### Problem: ### + +When Ubuntu 14.04 or 14.10 comes back from sleep or suspend mode, the keyboard and mouse freeze. Nothing can be clicked or entered. The only way out is to force shutdown the system by pressing the power button. This is very inconvenient, rather very annoying. Because the default behavior in Ubuntu is that when you close the lid of the laptop, it goes in sleep mode. + +In this quick post, we shall see how to fix this issue of mouse freeze after suspend in Ubuntu 14.04 and 14.10. + +### Solution to mouse freezing after sleep in Ubuntu 14.04 ### + +The issue is actually coming from Kernel upgrade. I am not sure of the reason why, but a re-install of input device driver seems to be fixing this issue. + + sudo apt-get install --reinstall xserver-xorg-input-all + +This quick tip was based on a question asked by an It’s FOSS reader, Dev. Try this quick tip and see if it works for you as well. In a similar issue, you can [fix no Unity, launcher and dash after logging in to Ubuntu][1]. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://itsfoss.com/keyboard-mouse-freeze-suspend/ + +作者：[Abhishek][a] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]:http://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/ +[1]:http://itsfoss.com/how-to-fix-no-unity-no-launcher-no-dash-in-ubuntu-12-10-quick-tip/ \ No newline at end of file