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translated 20190521 How to Disable IPv6 on Ubuntu Linux.md
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (rakino)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (How to Disable IPv6 on Ubuntu Linux)
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[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/disable-ipv6-ubuntu-linux/)
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[#]: author: (Sergiu https://itsfoss.com/author/sergiu/)
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How to Disable IPv6 on Ubuntu Linux
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======
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Are you looking for a way to **disable IPv6** connections on your Ubuntu machine? In this article, I’ll teach you exactly how to do it and why you would consider this option. I’ll also show you how to **enable or re-enable IPv6** in case you change your mind.
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### What is IPv6 and why would you want to disable IPv6 on Ubuntu?
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**[Internet Protocol version 6][1]** [(][1] **[IPv6][1]**[)][1] is the most recent version of the Internet Protocol (IP), the communications protocol that provides an identification and location system for computers on networks and routes traffic across the Internet. It was developed in 1998 to replace the **IPv4** protocol.
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**IPv6** aims to improve security and performance, while also making sure we don’t run out of addresses. It assigns unique addresses globally to every device, storing them in **128-bits** , compared to just 32-bits used by IPv4.
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![Disable IPv6 Ubuntu][2]
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Although the goal is for IPv4 to be replaced by IPv6, there is still a long way to go. Less than **30%** of the sites on the Internet makes IPv6 connectivity available to users (tracked by Google [here][3]). IPv6 can also cause [problems with some applications at time][4].
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Since **VPNs** provide global services, the fact that IPv6 uses globally routed addresses (uniquely assigned) and that there (still) are ISPs that don’t offer IPv6 support shifts this feature lower down their priority list. This way, they can focus on what matters the most for VPN users: security.
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Another possible reason you might want to disable IPv6 on your system is not wanting to expose yourself to various threats. Although IPv6 itself is safer than IPv4, the risks I am referring to are of another nature. If you aren’t actively using IPv6 and its features, [having IPv6 enabled leaves you vulnerable to various attacks][5], offering the hacker another possible exploitable tool.
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On the same note, configuring basic network rules is not enough. You have to pay the same level of attention to tweaking your IPv6 configuration as you do for IPv4. This can prove to be quite a hassle to do (and also to maintain). With IPv6 comes a suite of problems different to those of IPv4 (many of which can be referenced online, given the age of this protocol), giving your system another layer of complexity.
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[][6]
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Suggested read How To Remove Drive Icons From Unity Launcher In Ubuntu 14.04 [Beginner Tips]
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### Disabling IPv6 on Ubuntu [For Advanced Users Only]
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In this section, I’ll be covering how you can disable IPv6 protocol on your Ubuntu machine. Open up a terminal ( **default:** CTRL+ALT+T) and let’s get to it!
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**Note:** _For most of the commands you are going to input in the terminal_ _you are going to need root privileges ( **sudo** )._
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Warning!
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If you are a regular desktop Linux user and prefer a stable working system, please avoid this tutorial. This is for advanced users who know what they are doing and why they are doing so.
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#### 1\. Disable IPv6 using Sysctl
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First of all, you can **check** if you have IPv6 enabled with:
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```
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ip a
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```
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You should see an IPv6 address if it is enabled (the name of your internet card might be different):
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![IPv6 Address Ubuntu][7]
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You have see the sysctl command in the tutorial about [restarting network in Ubuntu][8]. We are going to use it here as well. To **disable IPv6** you only have to input 3 commands:
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```
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sudo sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1
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sudo sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6=1
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sudo sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6=1
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```
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You can check if it worked using:
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```
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ip a
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```
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You should see no IPv6 entry:
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![IPv6 Disabled Ubuntu][9]
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However, this only **temporarily disables IPv6**. The next time your system boots, IPv6 will be enabled again.
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One method to make this option persist is modifying **/etc/sysctl.conf**. I’ll be using vim to edit the file, but you can use any editor you like. Make sure you have **administrator rights** (use **sudo** ):
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![Sysctl Configuration][10]
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Add the following lines to the file:
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```
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net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1
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net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6=1
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net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6=1
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```
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For the settings to take effect use:
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```
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sudo sysctl -p
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```
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If IPv6 is still enabled after rebooting, you must create (with root privileges) the file **/etc/rc.local** and fill it with:
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```
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#!/bin/bash
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# /etc/rc.local
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/etc/sysctl.d
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/etc/init.d/procps restart
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exit 0
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```
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Now use [chmod command][11] to make the file executable:
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```
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sudo chmod 755 /etc/rc.local
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```
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What this will do is manually read (during the boot time) the kernel parameters from your sysctl configuration file.
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[][12]
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Suggested read 3 Ways to Check Linux Kernel Version in Command Line
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#### 2\. Disable IPv6 using GRUB
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An alternative method is to configure **GRUB** to pass kernel parameters at boot time. You’ll have to edit **/etc/default/grub**. Once again, make sure you have administrator privileges:
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![GRUB Configuration][13]
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Now you need to modify **GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT** and **GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX** to disable IPv6 on boot:
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```
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GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash ipv6.disable=1"
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GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="ipv6.disable=1"
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```
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Save the file and run:
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```
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sudo update-grub
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```
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The settings should now persist on reboot.
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### Re-enabling IPv6 on Ubuntu
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To re-enable IPv6, you’ll have to undo the changes you made. To enable IPv6 until reboot, enter:
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```
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sudo sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=0
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sudo sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6=0
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sudo sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6=0
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```
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Otherwise, if you modified **/etc/sysctl.conf** you can either remove the lines you added or change them to:
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```
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net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=0
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net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6=0
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net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6=0
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```
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You can optionally reload these values:
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```
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sudo sysctl -p
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```
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You should once again see a IPv6 address:
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![IPv6 Reenabled in Ubuntu][14]
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Optionally, you can remove **/etc/rc.local** :
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```
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sudo rm /etc/rc.local
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```
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If you modified the kernel parameters in **/etc/default/grub** , go ahead and delete the added options:
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```
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GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
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GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""
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```
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Now do:
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```
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sudo update-grub
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```
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**Wrapping Up**
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In this guide I provided you ways in which you can **disable IPv6** on Linux, as well as giving you an idea about what IPv6 is and why you would want to disable it.
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Did you find this article useful? Do you disable IPv6 connectivity? Let us know in the comment section!
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://itsfoss.com/disable-ipv6-ubuntu-linux/
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作者：[Sergiu][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/rakino)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/sergiu/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6
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[2]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/disable_ipv6_ubuntu.png?fit=800%2C450&ssl=1
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[3]: https://www.google.com/intl/en/ipv6/statistics.html
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[4]: https://whatismyipaddress.com/ipv6-issues
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[5]: https://www.internetsociety.org/blog/2015/01/ipv6-security-myth-1-im-not-running-ipv6-so-i-dont-have-to-worry/
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[6]: https://itsfoss.com/remove-drive-icons-from-unity-launcher-in-ubuntu/
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[7]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/ipv6_address_ubuntu.png?fit=800%2C517&ssl=1
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[8]: https://itsfoss.com/restart-network-ubuntu/
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[9]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/ipv6_disabled_ubuntu.png?fit=800%2C442&ssl=1
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[10]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/sysctl_configuration.jpg?fit=800%2C554&ssl=1
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[11]: https://linuxhandbook.com/chmod-command/
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[12]: https://itsfoss.com/find-which-kernel-version-is-running-in-ubuntu/
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[13]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/grub_configuration-1.jpg?fit=800%2C565&ssl=1
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[14]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/ipv6_address_ubuntu-1.png?fit=800%2C517&ssl=1
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222
translated/tech/20190521 How to Disable IPv6 on Ubuntu Linux.md
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222
translated/tech/20190521 How to Disable IPv6 on Ubuntu Linux.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (rakino)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (How to Disable IPv6 on Ubuntu Linux)
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[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/disable-ipv6-ubuntu-linux/)
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[#]: author: (Sergiu https://itsfoss.com/author/sergiu/)
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如何在 Ubuntu Linux 上禁用 IPv6
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======
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想知道怎样在 Ubuntu 上**禁用 IPv6** 吗？我会在这篇文章中介绍一些方法，以及为什么你应该考虑这一选择；以防改变主意，我也会提到如何**启用，或者说重新启用 IPv6**。
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### 什么是 IPv6？为什么会想要禁用它？
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<ruby>**[网际协议第6版][1]**<rt>Internet Protocol version 6</rt></ruby>[（][1] **[IPv6][1]**[）][1]是网际协议（IP）的最新版本。网际协议是一种通信协议，它为网络上的计算机提供识别和定位系统，并在互联网上进行通信路由。IPv6 是在 1998 年以取代 **IPv4** 协议为目的被设计出来的。
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**IPv6** 意在提高安全性与性能的同时保证地址不被用尽；它可以在全球范围内为每台设备分配唯一的以 **128 位元**存储的地址，而 IPv4 只使用了 32 位元。
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![Disable IPv6 Ubuntu][2]
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尽管 IPv6 的目标是取代 IPv4，但目前还有很长的路要走；互联网上只有少于 **30%** 的网站支持 IPv6（[这里][3] 是谷歌的统计），IPv6 有时也会导致 [一些程序出现问题][4]。
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由于 IPv6 使用全球（唯一分配的）路由地址，以及（仍然）有<ruby>互联网服务供应商<rt>Internet Service Provider</rt></ruby>（ISP）不提供 IPv6 支持的事实，IPv6 这一功能在提供全球服务的<ruby>**虚拟私人网络**<rt>Virtual Private Network</rt></ruby>（VPN）供应商的优先级列表中处于较低的位置，这样一来，他们就可以专注于对 VPN 用户最重要的事情：安全。
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不想让自己暴露在各种威胁之下可能是另一个让你想在系统上禁用 IPv6 的原因。虽然 IPv6 本身比 IPv4 更安全，但我所指的风险是另一种性质上的。如果你不积极使用 IPv6 及其功能，[启用 IPv6 后，你会很容易受到各种攻击][5]，因而为黑客提供另一种可能的利用工具。
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同样，配置基本的网络规则是不够的；就像对 IPv4 一样，你需要密切关注 IPv6 的配置，这可能会是一件相当麻烦的事情（维护也是）。并且随着 IPv6 而来的将会是一套不同于 IPv4 的问题（鉴于这个协议的年龄，许多问题已经可以在网上找到了），这又会使你的系统多了一层复杂性。
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### 在 Ubuntu 上禁用 IPv6 [高级用户]
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在本节中，我会详述如何在 Ubuntu 上禁用 IPv6 协议，请打开终端（**默认键：** CTRL+ALT+T），让我们开始吧！
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**注意：**_接下来大部分输入终端的命令都需要 root 权限（**sudo**）。_
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警告！
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如果你是普通 Linux 桌面用户，并且偏好稳定的工作系统，请避开本教程，接下来的部分是为那些知道自己在做什么以及为什么要这么做的用户准备的。
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#### 1\. 使用 Sysctl 禁用 IPv6
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首先，可以执行以下命令来**检查** IPv6 是否已经启用：
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```
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ip a
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```
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如果启用了，你应该会看到一个 IPv6 地址（网卡的名字可能会与图中有所不同）
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![IPv6 Address Ubuntu][7]
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在教程 [在 Ubuntu 中重启网络][8] 中，你已经见过 sysctl 命令了，在这里我们也同样会用到它。要**禁用 IPv6**，只需要输入三条命令：
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```
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sudo sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1
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sudo sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6=1
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sudo sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6=1
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```
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（译注：这篇文章 LCTT 有翻译，在 [这里：《Linux 初学者：如何在 Ubuntu 中重启网络》][patch-1]；不过尴尬的是，并没有提到使用 sysctl 的方法……）
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检查命令是否生效：
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```
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ip a
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```
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如果命令生效，你应该会发现 IPv6 的条目消失了：
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![IPv6 Disabled Ubuntu][9]
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然而这种方法只能**临时禁用 IPv6**，因此在下次系统启动的时候， IPv6 仍然会被启用。
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（译注：这里的临时禁用是指这次所做的改变直到此次关机之前都有效，因为相关的参数是存储在内存中的，可以改变值，但是在内存断电后就会丢失；这种意义上来讲，下文所述的两种方法都是临时的，只不过改变参数值的时机是在系统启动的早期，并且每次系统启动时都有应用而已。那么如何完成这种意义上的永久改变？答案是在编译内核的时候禁用相关功能，然后要后悔就只能重新编译内核了（悲）。）
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一种让选项持续生效的方式是修改文件 **/etc/sysctl.conf**，在这里我用 vim 来编辑文件，不过你可以使用任何你想使用的编辑器，以及请确保你拥有**管理员权限**（用 **sudo**）：
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![Sysctl Configuration][10]
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将下面这几行（和之前使用的参数相同）加入到文件中：
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```
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net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1
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net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6=1
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net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6=1
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```
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执行以下命令应用设置：
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```
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sudo sysctl -p
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```
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如果在重启之后 IPv6 仍然被启用了，而你还想继续这种方法的话，那么你必须（使用 root 权限）创建文件 **/etc/rc.local** 并加入以下内容：
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```
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#!/bin/bash
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# /etc/rc.local
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/etc/sysctl.d
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/etc/init.d/procps restart
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exit 0
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```
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接着使用 [chmod 命令][11] 来更改文件权限，使其可执行：
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```
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sudo chmod 755 /etc/rc.local
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```
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这会让系统（在启动的时候）从之前编辑过的 sysctl 配置文件中读取内核参数。
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#### 2\. 使用 GRUB 禁用 IPv6
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另外一种方法是配置 **GRUB**，它会在系统启动时向内核传递参数。这样做需要编辑文件 **/etc/default/grub**（请确保拥有管理员权限）。
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![GRUB Configuration][13]
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现在需要修改文件中分别以 **GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT** 和 **GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX** 开头的两行来在启动时禁用 IPv6：
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```
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GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash ipv6.disable=1"
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GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="ipv6.disable=1"
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```
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（译注：这里是指在上述两行内增加参数 ipv6.disable=1，不同的系统中这两行的默认值可能有所不同。）
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保存文件，然后执行命令：
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```
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sudo update-grub
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```
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|
||||
（译注：该命令用以更新 GRUB 的配置文件，在没有 update-grub 命令的系统中需要使用 `sudo grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg` ）
|
||||
|
||||
设置会在重启后生效。
|
||||
|
||||
### 在 Ubuntu 上重新启用 IPv6
|
||||
|
||||
要想重新启用 IPv6，你需要撤销之前的所有修改。不过只是想临时启用 IPv6 的话，可以执行以下命令：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=0
|
||||
sudo sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6=0
|
||||
sudo sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6=0
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
否则想要持续启用的话，看看是否修改过 **/etc/sysctl.conf**，可以删除掉之前增加的部分，也可以将它们改为以下值（两种方法等效）：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=0
|
||||
net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6=0
|
||||
net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6=0
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
然后应用设置（可选）：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo sysctl -p
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
（译注：这里可选的意思可能是如果之前临时启用了 IPv6 就没必要再重新加载配置文件了）
|
||||
|
||||
这样应该可以再次看到 IPv6 地址了：
|
||||
|
||||
![IPv6 Reenabled in Ubuntu][14]
|
||||
|
||||
另外，你也可以删除之前创建的文件 **/etc/rc.local**（可选）：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo rm /etc/rc.local
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
如果修改了文件 **/etc/default/grub** ，回去删掉你所增加的参数：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
|
||||
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
然后更新 GRUB 配置文件：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo update-grub
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**尾声**
|
||||
|
||||
在这篇文章中，我介绍了在 Linux 上**禁用 IPv6** 的方法，并简述了什么是 IPv6 以及可能想要禁用掉它的原因。
|
||||
|
||||
那么，这篇文章对你有用吗？你有禁用掉 IPv6 连接吗？让我们评论区见吧～
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/disable-ipv6-ubuntu-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Sergiu][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[rakino](https://github.com/rakino)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/sergiu/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6
|
||||
[2]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/disable_ipv6_ubuntu.png?fit=800%2C450&ssl=1
|
||||
[3]: https://www.google.com/intl/en/ipv6/statistics.html
|
||||
[4]: https://whatismyipaddress.com/ipv6-issues
|
||||
[5]: https://www.internetsociety.org/blog/2015/01/ipv6-security-myth-1-im-not-running-ipv6-so-i-dont-have-to-worry/
|
||||
[6]: https://itsfoss.com/remove-drive-icons-from-unity-launcher-in-ubuntu/
|
||||
[7]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/ipv6_address_ubuntu.png?fit=800%2C517&ssl=1
|
||||
[8]: https://itsfoss.com/restart-network-ubuntu/
|
||||
[9]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/ipv6_disabled_ubuntu.png?fit=800%2C442&ssl=1
|
||||
[10]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/sysctl_configuration.jpg?fit=800%2C554&ssl=1
|
||||
[11]: https://linuxhandbook.com/chmod-command/
|
||||
[12]: https://itsfoss.com/find-which-kernel-version-is-running-in-ubuntu/
|
||||
[13]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/grub_configuration-1.jpg?fit=800%2C565&ssl=1
|
||||
[14]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/ipv6_address_ubuntu-1.png?fit=800%2C517&ssl=1
|
||||
[patch-1]: https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject/blob/master/published/201905/20190307%20How%20to%20Restart%20a%20Network%20in%20Ubuntu%20-Beginner-s%20Tip.md
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user