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[#]: subject: "Fuzzy File Search in Linux"
[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/fuzzy-file-search-linux/"
[#]: author: "Sreenath https://itsfoss.com/author/sreenath/"
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
[#]: translator: "ChatGPT"
[#]: reviewer: "wxy"
[#]: publisher: "wxy"
[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-15937-1.html"
Linux 中的模糊文件搜索
======
![][0]
> 像 fzf 和 fzy 这样的现代工具将 Linux 终端中的文件搜索提升到了一个新的水平。
在 Linux 命令行中，如何 [搜索文件][1]？你可以使用 [find 命令][2]。这是标准答案，没有问题。
通常，你键入带有搜索参数的命令，按回车键，然后它会显示搜索结果。
你可以通过模糊搜索来提升终端中的文件搜索体验。
模糊搜索是一种近似搜索算法或技术。在这种搜索中，通过名称搜索指定位置的文件，并实时显示结果给用户。
模糊搜索在网络搜索引擎中很受欢迎，用户开始输入术语后，它会开始显示与该术语相关的结果。
在本文中，我将讨论两个命令行工具，它们可以让你在 Linux 中执行模糊搜索：
- `fzf`：模糊查找工具
- `fzy`：模糊选择工具
### fzf：Linux 中的模糊查找工具
`fzf` 是一款可用于 Linux 的模糊搜索工具，你可以通过它进行交互式文件搜索。
在 Ubuntu 中安装 `fzf`，打开终端并运行以下命令：
```
sudo apt install fzf
```
虽然 `fzf` 本身可以正常工作，但最好与其他工具配合使用，以充分发挥其功能。
#### 使用 fzf
打开终端并运行：
```
fzf
```
这将打开一个 `fzf` 提示符，在当前工作目录中搜索文件。
![在终端中运行 fzf 命令][3]
##### 为 fzf 应用边框
你可以使用 `--border` 选项为 `fzf` 应用边框，有多种边框可用，如 `rounded`（圆角）、`sharp`（尖角）等。
```
fzf --border=rounded
```
![运行带有边框选项设置为 rounded 和 sharp 的 fzf 命令][4]
##### 应用背景和前景颜色
使用颜色属性，你可以为 `fzf` 设置 ANSI 颜色，可以作为背景、前景或两者都设置。
![为 fzf 应用颜色，用户指定了颜色][5]
```
fzf --color="bg:black,fg:yellow"
```
你可以串联这些选项，使 `fzf` 在视觉上更加美观。
现在，让我展示一些 `fzf` 模糊搜索的实际用法。
#### 使用 fzf 在 Bash 历史中进行搜索
当然，Bash 历史记录中有 `CTRL+R` 的反向搜索功能。但如果你想使用 `fzf` 来获得更好的外观，可以运行以下命令：
```
history | fzf
```
![使用 fzf 模糊搜索在 bash 历史中进行搜索][6]
#### 使用 fzf 结合 tree 命令
[tree 命令][7] 会列出文件和目录，并显示它们的层级关系。
使用 `fzf` 结合 `tree` 命令可以帮助你找到特定文件的绝对路径。
```
tree -afR /home/$USER | fzf
```
![运行 Tree 命令并将输出传递给模糊搜索][8]
> 💡 上述命令会调用 `tree` 并以递归方式列出包括隐藏文件在内的所有文件（`-a`）。同时，`-f` 选项告诉 `tree` 列出完整路径。
#### 在 fzf 中预览文件
有时，如果你可以获得你搜索的文件的小型预览，那会很有帮助。
幸运的是，`fzf` 提供了一个预览选项。你可以使用 `--preview` 来访问它。我在这里使用 `find` 命令使其更加有用。
```
find /home/$USER -type f | fzf --preview 'less {}'
```
在这里，当你滚动浏览结果时，它将使用 `less` 显示文本文件。
> 🚧 如果你使用其他命令如 `ls` 等，请不要使用 `-l` 等选项，因为这将显示额外的详细信息（文件权限）。这些额外的详细信息会破坏 `fzf` 预览所需的格式。在使用预览功能时，输入到 `fzf` 的应该只是文件名。
如果你已安装了 `bat`，也可以使用它来预览文件。
```
find /home/$USER -type f | fzf --preview 'bat --color always {}'
```
![使用 bat 作为 FZF 预览功能的文本查看器][9]
对于 Ubuntu 用户，可以使用 `batcat` 来调用 `bat`。因此运行：
```
find /home/$USER -type f | fzf --preview 'batcat --color always {}'
```
> 💡 [为这些命令创建别名][10]，这样你就不需要反复输入它们。
#### 从任何地方使用 fzf 进入任何目录（高级技巧）
这比以前要复杂一些。在这里，你不能直接将 `fzf` 和 `cd` 连接在一起，因为它们是不同的进程。
你可以创建一个别名并使用以下命令：
```
cd $(find /home/$USER -type d | fzf)
```
或者，你可以按照下面解释的方法进行操作。
为此，你可能需要在 `bashrc` 中添加一个函数。让我将这个函数称为 `finder`。现在请添加以下行到你的 `bashrc` 中。
```
finder() {
local dir
dir=$(find required/location/to/search/and/enter -type d | fzf)
if [[ -n "$dir" ]]; then
cd "$dir" || return
fi
}
```
现在，你应该 [输入路径][11]，其中包含你要搜索并进入的目录。
例如，我已经使用 `/home/$USER` 替换了该部分，表示我要从任何位置进入我的主目录中的任何目录。
保存你的 `bashrc` 文件后，要么重启终端，要么运行以下命令：
```
source ~/.bashrc
```
之后，你可以在终端上运行 `finder` 命令，一旦找到要进入的目录，按回车键即可。
![使用 fzf 命令结合 cd 命令进入任意目录][12]
#### 将选择内容复制到剪贴板
到目前为止，你已经了解了如何使用 `fzf`，它提供了搜索结果或预览。
现在，如果你想要复制某个项目的位置，你不必手动执行此操作。也有相应的解决方案。
首先，确保你已经安装了 `xclip`。
```
sudo apt install xclip
```
然后像这样将其传递给 `xclip`：
```
fzf | xclip -selection clipboard
```
这将复制你按下回车键的那些行到剪贴板上。
#### 其他用途
正如我之前所说，你可以使用任何涉及大量文本，并希望交互式搜索特定内容的命令。
- `cat ~/.bashrc | fzf` - 在 Bashrc 文件中搜索
- `lsblk | fzf` - 在锁定设备列表中搜索
- `ps -aux | fzf` - 在进程列表中搜索
### 另一个选择：Fzy，模糊选择器
与 `fzf` 不同，`fzy` 是一个模糊选择器，它会根据输入提供一个菜单供你选择。
例如，如果你将 `fzy` 与 `ls` 命令一起使用，它将给你提供一个类似菜单的界面。
![使用 ls 命令的 fzy 命令][13]
默认情况下，它会显示十个条目。
#### 使用 fzy 进入目录
与 `fzf` 类似，你也可以使用 `fzy` 进入当前工作目录中的目录：
```
cd $(find -type d | fzy)
```
![][14]
#### 使用任何编辑器打开文件
或者使用你喜欢的编辑器打开文件：
```
nano $(find -type f | fzy)
```
![][15]
### 附加内容：自定义文件和图像预览
下面的命令将在 **Ubuntu** 中打开一个专门的自定义提示符，用于模糊搜索，你可以通过滚动来预览文本文件。
```
find /home/$USER -type f | fzf --color="bg:black,fg:yellow" --preview 'batcat --color always {}' --preview-window=bottom
```
为了方便访问，可以在你的 `bashrc` 文件中为此创建一个别名。
或者在使用 `timg` 命令行图像查看器时，在 `fzf` 中进行图像预览并滚动。使用以下命令进行安装：
```
sudo apt install timg
```
> 🚧 请注意，图像查看器无法正确显示图像，因为这不是 `fzf` 预览的主要目的。
```
fzf --preview 'timg -g 200x100 {}' --preview-window=right:90
```
对于那些喜欢折腾的人，可以尝试对此部分进行优化。
### 现代化的替代方案
大多数 Linux 命令都是从 UNIX 时代继承下来的。它们虽然老旧，但功能如预期。但这并不意味着它们不能改进。
我的意思是，你不需要重新发明轮子，但你总是可以努力改进轮子。
像 `fzf` 和 `fzy` 这样的现代化工具将 Linux 终端中的文件搜索提升到了一个新的水平。以下是一些其他有趣的命令行工具。
我尝试给出了这些模糊搜索工具的一些实际示例。希望你对它们感到足够有启发性。如果你打算使用它们，请在评论中告诉我。
*（题图：MJ/d25e71fa-f24e-49be-9579-e0520a8f6e18）*
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://itsfoss.com/fuzzy-file-search-linux/
作者：[Sreenath][a]
选题：[lkxed][b]
译者：ChatGPT
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/sreenath/
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed/
[1]: https://learnubuntu.com:443/find-files/
[2]: https://linuxhandbook.com:443/find-command-examples/
[3]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/06/fzf-default.svg
[4]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/06/fzf-border.svg
[5]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/06/fzf-colored.svg
[6]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/06/search-within-bash-history.svg
[7]: https://linuxhandbook.com:443/tree-command/
[8]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/06/tree-afr.svg
[9]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/06/bashrc-preview-in-fzf.png
[10]: https://linuxhandbook.com:443/linux-alias-command/
[11]: https://itsfoss.com/change-directories/
[12]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/06/fzf-cd-combo.svg
[13]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/06/fzy-ls.svg
[14]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/06/fzy-cd.svg
[15]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/06/fzy-nano.svg
[0]: https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202306/24/001013mc7chh224c7uls8h.jpg

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[#]: subject: "Fuzzy File Search in Linux"
[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/fuzzy-file-search-linux/"
[#]: author: "Sreenath https://itsfoss.com/author/sreenath/"
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
[#]: translator: " "
[#]: reviewer: " "
[#]: publisher: " "
[#]: url: " "
Fuzzy File Search in Linux
======
How do you [find files in the Linux command line][1]? You use the [find command][2]. That's the standard answer and there is nothing wrong with it.
Usually, you type the command with your search parameters, press enter and it displays the findings.
You can improve your file-finding experience in the terminal with fuzzy search.
Fuzzy search is an approximate search algorithm or technique. Here, files from a specified location are searched by name and the user will get real-time results.
Fuzzy search is popular in web search engines, where a user starts entering the term, and it starts showing results related to the term.
In this article, I am going to discuss two CLI tools that give you the ability to perform fuzzy searches in Linux:
- Fzf: Fuzzy finder
- Fzy: Fuzzy selector
### Fzf, the Fuzzy Finder in Linux
Fzf is a fuzzy search tool available for Linux, where you can search for files interactively.
To install `fzf` in Ubuntu, open a terminal and run:
```
sudo apt install fzf
```
While `fzf` itself works properly, it is wise to use it in conjunction with other tools to make most out of it.
#### Using fzf
Open a terminal and run:
```
fzf
```
This will open a prompt of `fzf` where you can search for files in the current working directory.
![Running fzf command in terminal][3]
##### Apply a border to fzf
You can use the `--border` option of fzf. There are several options like rounded, sharp etc.
```
fzf --border=rounded
```
![Running fzf command wth border option set to rounded and sharp][4]
##### Apply background and foreground color
Using the color property, you can set ANSI colors to `fzf` either as background, foreground or both.
![Colored output for fzf, where the colors are specified by the user][5]
```
fzf --color="bg:black,fg:yellow"
```
You can concatenate the options to make `fzf` visually pleasing.
Now, let me show some practical usage of the fuzzy search with fzf.
#### Use fzf to search within bash history
Of course, there is CTRL+R reverse search in the bash history. But if you want to use `fzf` to get a better look, run:
```
history | fzf
```
![Using fzf fuzzy search to search within the bash history][6]
#### Use fzf with tree command
[Tree command][7] lists files and directories along with their hierarchical connection.
Using `fzf` with `tree` command can help you find the absolute path of a particular file.
```
tree -afR /home/$USER | fzf
```
![Running Tree command and piping the output to Fuzzy search][8]
> 💡 The above command will invoke`tree`and list all files (-a) including hidden ones in a recursive fashion (-R). Also, the`-f`option tells tree to list the full path.
#### Preview files in fzf
Sometimes, it will be helpful if you get a small preview of the file you are searching.
Luckily, `fzf` provides a preview option. You can access it by using `--preview`. I am here using `find`command to make it even more useful.
```
find /home/$USER -type f | fzf --preview 'less {}'
```
Here, while you scroll through the result, it will display the text files using less.
> 🚧 If you are using other commands like`ls`, etc. do not use options like`-l`, that will display added details (file permissions). These additional details will break the required format needed for`fzf`preview. the hile using preview feature, the input to`fzf`should only be the filename.
If you have `bat` installed, you can use it for previewing files as well.
```
find /home/$USER -type f | fzf --preview 'bat --color always {}'
```
![Using bat as the text viewer for FZF preview function][9]
For Ubuntu users, bat is available as `batcat`. So run:
```
find /home/$USER -type f | fzf --preview 'batcat --color always {}'
```
> 💡 [Create an alias][10]for these commands, so that you don't want to type these again and again.
#### Use fzf to cd into any directory from anywhere (advance)
This is a bit trickier than the previous. Here, you cannot just directly pipe `fzf` and `cd` together, because both are different processes.
You can create an alias use the command like:
```
cd $(find /home/$USER -type d | fzf)
```
Or, you can follow the method explained below.
To do this, you may need to add a function to your bashrc. Let me call this function as `finder`. Now add the following lines to your bashrc.
```
finder() {
local dir
dir=$(find required/location/to/search/and/enter -type d | fzf)
if [[ -n "$dir" ]]; then
cd "$dir" || return
fi
}
```
Now, you should [enter the location][11] where the directories you want to search and enter are present.
For example, I have replaced that part with `/home/$USER` to indicate that I have to `cd` into any directories in my Home from anywhere.
Once you saved your bashrc, either restart the terminal or run:
```
source ~/.bashrc
```
After this, you can run finder from the terminal and once you located the directory you want to enter, press Enter key.
![Use fzf command to enter into any directory with the help of cd command][12]
#### Copy the selection to Clipboard
Till now, you have seen using `fzf` and in all cases, it gives either a search result or preview.
Now, if you want to copy the location of an item, you don't necessarily need to do it manually. There is a solution for that too.
First, make sure you have Xclip installed.
```
sudo apt install xclip
```
Now pipe it to xclip like this:
```
fzf | xclip -selection clipboard
```
This will copy whatever lines you have pressed the enter key, on to your clipboard.
#### Other Uses
Like I said earlier, you can use any command that involves a significant amount of text, and you want to search for a particular thing interactively.
- `cat ~/.bashrc | fzf` - Search Inside Bashrc
- `lsblk | fzf` - Search inside the list of lock devices
- `ps -aux | fzf` - Search inside process list
### Another choice: Fzy, the Fuzzy Selector
Unlike `fzf`, `fzy` is a fuzzy selector, where you will be provided a menu to select, depending on the input.
For example, if you are using `fzy` in conjunction with `ls` command, it will give you a menu like interface.
![FZY command with ls][13]
By default, it will show you ten entries in view.
#### Enter into a directory using fzy
Similar to fzf, fzy can also be used to enter into a directory in the current working directory using:
```
cd $(find -type d | fzy)
```
![][14]
#### Open a file using any editor
Or open a file using your favorite editor by:
```
nano $(find -type f | fzy)
```
![][15]
### Bonus: A Customized file and image preview
The below command will open a dedicated customized prompt in **Ubuntu** for fuzzy search, where you can preview text files by scrolling through them.
```
find /home/$USER -type f | fzf --color="bg:black,fg:yellow" --preview 'batcat --color always {}' --preview-window=bottom
```
Create an alias for this in your bashrc for easy access.
Or preview an image in fzf while scrolling using `timg` command line image viewer. Install it using:
```
sudo apt install timg
```
> 🚧 Remember that the image viewer will not display a proper image, as that is not the primary purpose of fzf preview
```
fzf --preview 'timg -g 200x100 {}' --preview-window=right:90
```
For those who are tinkerers, try to make this part by refining.
### Modern alternatives to rescue
Most Linux commands have been inherited from UNIX-era. They are old but work as expected. But this doesn't mean they cannot be improved.
I mean, you don't need to reinvent the wheel but you can always work on improving the wheels.
Modern tools like fzf and fzy take the file search in Linux terminal to the next level. Here are some other such command line tools you may find interesting.
I have tried giving some practical examples for these fuzzy search tools. I hope you find them inspiring enough for you. Let me know in the comments if you are going to use them.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://itsfoss.com/fuzzy-file-search-linux/
作者：[Sreenath][a]
选题：[lkxed][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/sreenath/
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed/
[1]: https://learnubuntu.com:443/find-files/
[2]: https://linuxhandbook.com:443/find-command-examples/
[3]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/06/fzf-default.svg
[4]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/06/fzf-border.svg
[5]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/06/fzf-colored.svg
[6]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/06/search-within-bash-history.svg
[7]: https://linuxhandbook.com:443/tree-command/
[8]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/06/tree-afr.svg
[9]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/06/bashrc-preview-in-fzf.png
[10]: https://linuxhandbook.com:443/linux-alias-command/
[11]: https://itsfoss.com/change-directories/
[12]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/06/fzf-cd-combo.svg
[13]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/06/fzy-ls.svg
[14]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/06/fzy-cd.svg
[15]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/06/fzy-nano.svg