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[#]: subject: "Start using YAML now"
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[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/21/9/intro-yaml"
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[#]: author: "Ayush Sharma https://opensource.com/users/ayushsharma"
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[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
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[#]: translator: "geekpi"
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[#]: reviewer: " "
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[#]: publisher: " "
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[#]: url: " "
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Start using YAML now
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======
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What is YAML, and why is it about time we started using it?
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![woman on laptop sitting at the window][1]
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YAML (YAML Ain't Markup Language) is a human-readable data serialization language. Its syntax is simple and human-readable. It does not contain quotation marks, opening and closing tags, or braces. It does not contain anything which might make it harder for humans to parse nesting rules. You can scan your YAML document and immediately know what's going on.
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### YAML features
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YAML has some super features which make it superior to other serialization formats:
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* Easy to skim.
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* Easy to use.
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* Portable between programming languages.
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* Native data structures of Agile languages.
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* Consistent model to support generic tools.
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* Supports one-pass processing.
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* Expressive and extensible.
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I will show you YAML's power further with some examples.
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Can you figure out what's going on below?
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```
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\-------
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# My grocery list
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groceries:
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- Milk
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- Eggs
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- Bread
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- Butter
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...
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```
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The above example contains a simple list of groceries to buy, and it's a fully-formed YAML document. In YAML, strings aren't quoted, and lists need simple hyphens and spaces. A YAML document starts with **\---** and ends with **...**, but they are optional. Comments in YAML begin with a **#**.
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Indentation is key in YAML. Indentation must contain spaces, not tabs. And while the number of spaces required is flexible, it's a good idea to keep them consistent.
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### Basic Elements
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#### Collections
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YAML has two types of collections: _Lists_ (for sequences) and _dictionaries_ (for mappings). Lists are key-value pairs where every value is on a new line, beginning with a hyphen and space. Dictionaries are key-value pairs where every value is a mapping containing a key, a colon and space, and a value.
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For example:
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```
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# My List
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groceries:
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- Milk
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- Eggs
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- Bread
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- Butter
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# My dictionary
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contact:
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name: Ayush Sharma
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email: [myemail@example.com][2]
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```
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Lists and dictionaries are often combined to provide more complex data structures. Lists can contain dictionaries, and dictionaries can contain lists.
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#### Strings
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Strings in YAML don't need quotation marks. Multi-line strings are defined using **|** or **>**. The former preserves newlines, but the latter does not.
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For example:
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```
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my_string: |
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This is my string.
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It can contain many lines.
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Newlines are preserved.
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my_string_2: >
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This is my string.
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This can also contain many lines.
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Newlines aren't preserved and all lines are folded.
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```
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#### Anchors
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YAML can have repeatable blocks of data using node anchors. The **&** character defines a block of data that is later referenced using *****. For example:
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```
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billing_address: &add1
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house: B1
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street: My Street
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shipping_address: *add1
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```
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At this point, you know enough YAML to get started. You can play around with the online YAML parser to test yourself. If you work with YAML daily, then [this handy cheatsheet][3] will be helpful.
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* * *
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_This article was originally published on the [author's personal blog][4] and has been adapted with permission._
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/21/9/intro-yaml
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作者：[Ayush Sharma][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://opensource.com/users/ayushsharma
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/lenovo-thinkpad-laptop-window-focus.png?itok=g0xPm2kD (young woman working on a laptop)
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[2]: mailto:myemail@example.com
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[3]: https://yaml.org/refcard.html
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[4]: https://notes.ayushsharma.in/2021/08/introduction-to-yaml
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129
translated/tech/20210917 Start using YAML now.md
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129
translated/tech/20210917 Start using YAML now.md
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@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
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[#]: subject: "Start using YAML now"
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[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/21/9/intro-yaml"
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[#]: author: "Ayush Sharma https://opensource.com/users/ayushsharma"
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[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
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[#]: translator: "geekpi"
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[#]: reviewer: " "
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[#]: publisher: " "
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[#]: url: " "
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现在就开始使用 YAML
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======
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什么是 YAML，为什么我们现在应该开始使用它了？
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![woman on laptop sitting at the window][1]
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YAML（YAML Ain't Markup Language）是一种人类可读的数据序列化语言。它的语法很简单，而且是人类可读的。它不包含引号、打开和关闭标签或大括号。它不包含任何可能使人类难以解析嵌套规则的东西。你可以扫描你的 YAML 文档并立即知道发生了什么。
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### YAML 特性
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YAML 有一些超级特性，使其优于其他序列化格式：
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* 易于浏览。
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* 易于使用。
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* 可在编程语言之间移植。
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* 敏捷语言的原生数据结构。
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* 支持通用工具的一致的模型。
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* 支持一次性处理。
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* 表现力和可扩展性。
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我将通过一些例子进一步向你展示 YAML 的强大。
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你能弄清楚下面发生了什么吗？
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```
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\-------
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# My grocery list
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groceries:
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- Milk
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- Eggs
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- Bread
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- Butter
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...
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```
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上面的例子包含了一个简单的要买的杂货清单，它是一个完全格式化的 YAML 文档。在 YAML 中，字符串不加引号，而列表需要简单的连字符和空格。一个 YAML 文档以 **\---** 开始，以 **...** 结束，但它们是可选的。YAML中的注释以 **#** 开始。
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缩进是 YAML 的关键。缩进必须包含空格，而不是制表符。虽然所需的空格数量是灵活的，但保持一致是个好主意。
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### 基本元素
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#### 集合
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YAML 有两种类型的集合。_列表_（用于序列）和_字典_（用于映射）。列表是键值对，每个值都在一个新的行中，以连字符和空格开始。字典是键值对，每个值都是一个映射，包含一个键、一个冒号和空格以及一个值。
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例如：
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```
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# My List
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groceries:
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- Milk
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- Eggs
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- Bread
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- Butter
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# My dictionary
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contact:
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name: Ayush Sharma
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email: [myemail@example.com][2]
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```
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列表和字典经常被结合起来，以提供更复杂的数据结构。列表可以包含字典，而字典可以包含列表。
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#### 字符串
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YAML 中的字符串不需要加引号。多行字符串可以用 **|** 或 **>** 来定义。前者保留了换行符，而后者则没有。
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例如：
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```
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my_string: |
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This is my string.
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It can contain many lines.
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Newlines are preserved.
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my_string_2: >
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This is my string.
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This can also contain many lines.
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Newlines aren't preserved and all lines are folded.
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```
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#### 锚点
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YAML 可以通过节点锚点来获得可重复的数据块。**&** 字符定义了一个数据块，以后可以用 * 来引用。例如：
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```
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billing_address: &add1
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house: B1
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street: My Street
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shipping_address: *add1
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```
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到此为止，你对 YAML 的了解足以让你开始工作。你可以使用在线 YAML 解析器来测试。如果你每天都与 YAML 打交道，那么[这个方便的备忘单][3]会对你有所帮助。
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* * *
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_这篇文章最初发表在[作者的个人博客][4]上，并经授权改编。_
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/21/9/intro-yaml
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作者：[Ayush Sharma][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://opensource.com/users/ayushsharma
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/lenovo-thinkpad-laptop-window-focus.png?itok=g0xPm2kD (young woman working on a laptop)
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[2]: mailto:myemail@example.com
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[3]: https://yaml.org/refcard.html
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[4]: https://notes.ayushsharma.in/2021/08/introduction-to-yaml
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