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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: (geekpi)
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (Three Ways to Exclude Specific/Certain Packages from Yum Update)
[#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/redhat-centos-yum-update-exclude-specific-packages/)
[#]: author: (Magesh Maruthamuthu https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/)
Three Ways to Exclude Specific/Certain Packages from Yum Update
======
As part of system update, you may need to exclude few of the packages due to application dependency in Red Hat based system.
If yes, how to exclude, how many ways that can be done.
Yes, it can be done in three ways, we will teach you all three methods in this article.
A package manager is a collection of tools that allow users to easily manage packages in Linux system.
It allows users to install, update/upgrade, remove, query, re-install, and search packages in Linux system.
For Red Hat and it’s clone, we uses **[yum Package Manager][1]** and **[rpm Package Manager][2]** for package management.
### What’s yum?
yum stands for Yellowdog Updater, Modified. Yum is an automatic updater and package installer/remover for rpm systems.
It automatically resolve dependencies when installing a package.
### What’s rpm?
rpm stands for Red Hat Package Manager is a powerful package management tool for Red Hat system.
The name RPM refers to `.rpm` file format that containing compiled software’s and necessary libraries for the package.
You may interested to read the following articles, which is related to this topic. If so, navigate to appropriate links.
* **[How To Check Available Security Updates On Red Hat (RHEL) And CentOS System][3]**
* **[Four Ways To Install Security Updates On Red Hat (RHEL) And CentOS Systems][4]**
* **[Two Methods To Check Or List Installed Security Updates on Redhat (RHEL) And CentOS System][5]**
### Method-1: Exclude Packages with yum Command Manually or Temporarily
We can use `--exclude or -x` switch with yum command to exclude specific packages from getting updated through yum command.
I can say, this is a temporary method or On-Demand method. If you want to exclude specific package only once then we can go with this method.
The below command will update all packages except kernel.
To exclude single package.
```
# yum update --exclude=kernel
or
# yum update -x 'kernel'
```
To exclude multiple packages. The below command will update all packages except kernel and php.
```
# yum update --exclude=kernel* --exclude=php*
or
# yum update --exclude httpd,php
```
### Method-2: Exclude Packages with yum Command Permanently
This is permanent method and you can use this, if you are frequently performing the patch update.
To do so, add the required packages in /etc/yum.conf to disable packages updates permanently.
Once you add an entry, you don’t need to specify these package each time you run yum update command. Also, this prevent packages from any accidental update.
```
# vi /etc/yum.conf
[main]
cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever
keepcache=0
debuglevel=2
logfile=/var/log/yum.log
exactarch=1
obsoletes=1
gpgcheck=1
plugins=1
installonly_limit=3
exclude=kernel* php*
```
### Method-3: Exclude Packages Using Yum versionlock plugin
This is also permanent method similar to above. Yum versionlock plugin allow users to lock specified packages from being updated through yum command.
To do so, run the following command. The below command will exclude the freetype package from yum update.
Alternatively, you can add the package entry directly in “/etc/yum/pluginconf.d/versionlock.list” file.
```
# yum versionlock add freetype
Loaded plugins: changelog, package_upload, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager, verify, versionlock
Adding versionlock on: 0:freetype-2.8-12.el7
versionlock added: 1
```
Run the following command to check the list of packages locked by versionlock plugin.
```
# yum versionlock list
Loaded plugins: changelog, package_upload, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager, verify, versionlock
0:freetype-2.8-12.el7.*
versionlock list done
```
Run the following command to discards the list.
```
# yum versionlock clear
```
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.2daygeek.com/redhat-centos-yum-update-exclude-specific-packages/
作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://www.2daygeek.com/yum-command-examples-manage-packages-rhel-centos-systems/
[2]: https://www.2daygeek.com/rpm-command-examples/
[3]: https://www.2daygeek.com/check-list-view-find-available-security-updates-on-redhat-rhel-centos-system/
[4]: https://www.2daygeek.com/install-security-updates-on-redhat-rhel-centos-system/
[5]: https://www.2daygeek.com/check-installed-security-updates-on-redhat-rhel-and-centos-system/

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@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: (geekpi)
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (Three Ways to Exclude Specific/Certain Packages from Yum Update)
[#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/redhat-centos-yum-update-exclude-specific-packages/)
[#]: author: (Magesh Maruthamuthu https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/)
从 Yum 更新中排除特定/某些包的三种方法
======
作为系统更新的一部分，你也许需要在基于 Red Hat 系统中由于应用依赖排除一些软件包。
如果是，如何排除？可以采取多少种方式？
有三种方式可以做到，我们会在本篇中教你这三种方法。
包管理器是一组工具，它允许用户在 Linux 系统中轻松管理包。
它能让用户在 Linux 系统中安装、更新/升级、删除、查询、重新安装和搜索软件包。
对于基于 Red Hat 的系统，我们使用 **[yum 包管理器][1]** 和 **[rpm 包管理器][2]** 进行包管理。
### 什么是 yum？
yum 代表 Yellowdog Updater，Modified。Yum 是用于 rpm 系统的自动更新程序和包安装/卸载器。
它在安装包时自动解决依赖关系。
### 什么是 rpm？
rpm 代表 Red Hat Package Manager ，它是一款用于 Red Hat 系统的功能强大的包管理工具。
RPM 指的是 `.rpm` 文件格式，它包含已编译的软件和必要的库。
你可能有兴趣阅读以下与本主题相关的文章。如果是的话，请进入相应的链接。
* ** [如何检查 Red Hat（RHEL）和 CentOS 系统上的可用安全更新] [3] **
* ** [在 Red Hat（RHEL）和 CentOS 系统上安装安全更新的四种方法] [4] **
* ** [在 Redhat（RHEL）和 CentOS 系统上检查或列出已安装的安全更新的两种方法] [5] **
### 方法 1：手动或临时用 yum 命令排除包
我们可以在 yum 中使用 `--exclude 或 -x` 开关来阻止 yum 命令获取特定包的更新。
我可以说，这是一种临时方法或按需方法。如果你只想将特定包排除一次，那么我们可以使用此方法。
以下命令将更新除 kernel 之外的所有软件包。
要排除单个包。
```
# yum update --exclude=kernel
或者
# yum update -x 'kernel'
```
要排除多个包。以下命令将更新除 kernel 和 php 之外的所有软件包。
```
# yum update --exclude=kernel* --exclude=php*
或者
# yum update --exclude httpd,php
```
### 方法 2：在 yum 命令中永久排除软件包
这是永久性方法，如果你经常执行修补程序更新，那么可以使用此方法。
为此，请在 /etc/yum.conf 中添加相应的软件包以永久禁用软件包更新。
添加后，每次运行 yum update 命令时都不需要指定这些包。此外，这可以防止任何意外更新这些包。
```
# vi /etc/yum.conf
[main]
cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever
keepcache=0
debuglevel=2
logfile=/var/log/yum.log
exactarch=1
obsoletes=1
gpgcheck=1
plugins=1
installonly_limit=3
exclude=kernel* php*
```
### 方法 3：使用 Yum versionlock 插件排除包
这也是与上面类似的永久方法。Yum versionlock 插件允许用户通过 yum 命令锁定指定包的更新。
为此，请运行以下命令。以下命令将从 yum update 中排除 freetype 包。
或者，你可以直接在 “/etc/yum/pluginconf.d/versionlock.list” 中添加条目。
```
# yum versionlock add freetype
Loaded plugins: changelog, package_upload, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager, verify, versionlock
Adding versionlock on: 0:freetype-2.8-12.el7
versionlock added: 1
```
运行以下命令来检查被 versionlock 插件锁定的软件包列表。
```
# yum versionlock list
Loaded plugins: changelog, package_upload, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager, verify, versionlock
0:freetype-2.8-12.el7.*
versionlock list done
```
运行以下命令清空该列表。
```
# yum versionlock clear
```
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.2daygeek.com/redhat-centos-yum-update-exclude-specific-packages/
作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://www.2daygeek.com/yum-command-examples-manage-packages-rhel-centos-systems/
[2]: https://www.2daygeek.com/rpm-command-examples/
[3]: https://www.2daygeek.com/check-list-view-find-available-security-updates-on-redhat-rhel-centos-system/
[4]: https://www.2daygeek.com/install-security-updates-on-redhat-rhel-centos-system/
[5]: https://www.2daygeek.com/check-installed-security-updates-on-redhat-rhel-and-centos-system/