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[完成翻译] 20160218 The Best Linux Distros of 2016
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The Best Linux Distros of 2016
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2015 was a very important year for Linux, [both in the enterprise as well as in the consumer space](http://www.cio.com/article/3017983/linux/2015s-most-exciting-linux-devices.html). As a Linux user since 2005, I can see that the operating system has come a long way in the past 10 years. [And, 2016 is going to be even more exciting](http://www.cio.com/article/3017177/linux/11-predictions-for-linux-in-2016.html). In this article, I have picked some of the best distros that will shine in 2016.
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## Best Comeback Distro: openSUSE
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SUSE, the company behind openSUSE, is the oldest Linux company; [it was formed just a year after Linus Torvalds announced Linux](http://www.linux.com/news/software/applications/866964-exclusive-interview-with-suse-president-nils-brauckmann). The company actually predates Linux king Red Hat. SUSE is also the sponsor of the community-based distro [openSUSE](https://www.opensuse.org/).
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In 2015, openSUSE teams decided to come closer to SUSE Linux Enterprise (SLE) so that users could have a distribution that shares its DNA with the enterprise server -- similar to CentOS and Ubuntu. Thus, openSUSE became [openSUSE Leap](https://en.opensuse.org/Portal:Leap), a distribution that’s directly based on SLE SP (service pack) 1.
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The two distros will share the code base to benefit each other -- SUSE will take what’s good in openSUSE and vice versa. With this move, openSUSE is also ditching the regular release cycle, and a new version will be released in sync with SLE. That means each version will have a much longer life cycle.
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As a result of this move, openSUSE has become a very important distribution because potential SLE users can now use openSUSE Leap. That’s not all, however; openSUSE also announced the release of [Tumbleweed](http://www.cio.com/article/3008856/open-source-tools/is-opensuse-tumbleweed-good-enough-for-a-seasoned-arch-user.html), a pure rolling-release version. So, now, users can use either the super-stable openSUSE Leap or the always up-to-date openSUSE Tumbleweed.
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No other distro has made such an impressive comeback in my memory.
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Most Customizable Distro: Arch Linux
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Arch Linux is the best rolling-release distribution out there. Period. Ok, I could be biased because I am an Arch Linux user. However, the reason behind my claim is that Arch excels in many other areas, too, and that’s why I use it as my main operating system.
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[Arch Linux](https://www.archlinux.org/) is a great distro for those who want to learn everything about Linux. Because you have to install everything manually, you learn all the bits and pieces of a Linux-based operating system.
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- Arch is the most customizable distribution. There is no “Arch” flavor of any DE. All you get is a foundation and you can build whatever distro want, on top of it. For good or for worse, unlike openSUSE or Ubuntu there is no extra patching or integration. You get what upstream developers created. Period.
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- Arch Linux is also one of the best rolling releases. It’s always updated. Users always run the latest packages, and they can also run pre-released software through unstable repositories.
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- Arch is also known for having excellent documentation. Arch Wiki is my to-go resource for everything Linux related.
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- What I like the most about Arch is that is offers almost every package and software that’s available for “any” Linux distribution, thanks to the Arch User Repository, aka AUR.
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## Best-Looking Distro: elementary OS
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Different Linux distributions have different focus areas -- in most cases, these are technical differences. In many Linux distributions. the look and feel is an afterthought -- a side project at the mercy of the specific desktop environment.
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[elementary OS](https://elementary.io/) is trying to change all that. Here, design is at the forefront, and the reason is quite obvious. The distro is being developed by designers who have made their name in the Linux world by creating beautiful icons.
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elementary OS is quite strict about the holistic look and feel. The developers have created their own components, including the desktop environment. Additionally, they choose only those applications that fit into the design paradigm. One can find heavy influence of Mac OS X on elementary OS.
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## Best Newcomer: Solus
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[Solus](https://solus-project.com/) operating system has garnered quite a lot of attention lately. It’s a decent-looking operating system that has been created from scratch. It’s not a derivative of Debian or Ubuntu. It comes with the Budgie desktop environment, which was built from scratch but aims to integrate with Gnome. Solus has the same minimalistic approach as Google’s Chrome OS.
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I have not played with Solus much, but it does look promising. Solus is actually not a “new” OS. It has been around for a while in different forms and names. But the entire project was revived back in 2015 under this new name.
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## Best Cloud OS: Chrome OS
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[Chrome OS](https://www.chromium.org/chromium-os) may not be your typical Linux-based distribution because it’s a browser-based operating system for online activities. However, because it’s based on Linux and its source code is available for anyone to compile, it’s an attractive OS. I use Chrome OS on a daily basis. It’s an excellent, maintenance-free, always updated OS for anyone using a computer purely for web-related activities. Chrome OS, along with Android, deserves all the credit for making Linux popular in the PC and mobile space.
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## Best Laptop OS: Ubuntu MATE
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Most laptops don’t have very high-end hardware, and if you are running a really resource-intensive desktop environment then you won’t have much system resources or battery life at your disposal -- they will be used by the OS itself. That’s where I found [Ubuntu MATE](http://www.cio.com/article/2848475/ubuntu-mate-enterprise-customers.html) to be an excellent operating system. It’s lightweight, yet has all the bells and whistles needed for a pleasant experience. Thanks to its lightweight design, the majority of system resources are free for applications so you can still do some heavy work on it. I also found it to be a great distro on really low-end systems.
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## Best Distro for Old Hardware: Lubuntu
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If you have an old laptop or PC sitting around, breathe new life into it with [Lubuntu](http://lubuntu.net/). Lubuntu uses LXDE, but the project has merged with Razor Qt to create LXQt. Although the latest release 15.04 is still using LXDE, the future versions will be using LXQt. Lubuntu is a decent operating system for old hardware.
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## Best Distro for IoT: Snappy Ubuntu Core
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Snappy Ubuntu Core is the best Linux-based operating system out there for Internet of Things (IoT) and other such devices. The operating system holds great potential to turn almost everything around us into smart devices -- such as routers, coffeemakers, drones, etc. What makes it even more interesting is the way the software manages updates and offers containerization for added security.
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## Best Distro for Desktops: Linux Mint Cinnamon
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[Linux Mint Cinnamon](http://www.linux.com/news/software/applications/838569-review-linux-mint-172-release/) is the best operating system for desktops and powerful laptops. I will go as far as calling it the Mac OS X of the Linux world. Honestly, I had not been a huge fan of Linux Mint for a long time because of unstable Cinnamon. But, as soon as the developers chose to use LTS as the base, the distro has become incredibly stable. Because the developers don’t have to spend much time worrying about keeping up with Ubuntu, they are now investing all of their time in making Cinnamon better.
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## Best Distro for Games: Steam OS
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Gaming has been a weakness of desktop Linux. Many users dual-boot with Windows just to be able to play games. Valve Software is trying to change that. Valve is a game distributor that offers a client to run games on different platforms. And, Valve has now created their open operating system -- [Steam OS](http://store.steampowered.com/steamos/) -- to create a Linux-based gaming platform. By the end of 2015, partners started shipping Steam machines to the market.
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## Best Distro for Privacy: Tails
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In this age of mass surveillance and tracking by marketers (anonymous tracking for targeted content is acceptable), privacy has become a major issue. If you are someone who needs to keep the government and marketing agencies out of your business, you need an operating system that’s created -- from the ground up -- with privacy in mind.
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And, nothing beats [Tails](https://tails.boum.org/) for this purpose. It’s a Debian-based distribution that offers privacy and anonymity by design. Tails is so good that, according to reports, the NSA considers it a major threat to their mission.
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## Best Distro for Multimedia Production: Ubuntu Studio
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Multimedia production is one of the major weaknesses of Linux-based operating systems. All the professional-grade applications are available for either Windows or Mac OS X. There is no dearth of decent audio/video production software for Linux, but a multimedia production system needs more than just decent applications. It should use a lightweight desktop environment so that precious system resources -- such as CPU and RAM -- are used sparingly by the system itself, leaving them for the multimedia applications. And, the best Linux distribution for multimedia production is [Ubuntu Studio](https://ubuntustudio.org/tour/). It uses Xfce and comes with a broad range of audio, video, and image editing applications.
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## Best Enterprise Distro: SLE/RHEL
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Enterprise customers don’t look for articles like these to choose a distribution to run on their servers. They already know where to go: It’s either [Red Hat Enterprise Linux](https://www.redhat.com/en/technologies/linux-platforms/enterprise-linux) or [SUSE Linux Enterprise](https://www.suse.com/). These two names have become synonymous with enterprise servers. These companies are also pushing boundaries by innovating in this changing landscape where everything is containerized and becoming software defined.
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## Best Server OS: Debian/CentOS
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If you are looking at running a server, but you can’t afford or don’t want to pay a subscription fee for RHEL or SLE, then there is nothing better than [Debian](https://www.debian.org/) or [CentOS](https://www.centos.org/). These distributions are the gold standard when it comes to community-based servers. And, they are supported for a very long time, so you won’t have to worry about upgrading your system so often.
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## Best Mobile OS: Plasma Mobile
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Although the Linux-based distribution Android is ruling the roost, many in the open source community, including me, still desire a distribution that offers traditional Linux desktop apps on mobile devices. At the same time, it’s better if the distro is run by a community instead of a company so that a user remains in the focus and not the company’s financial goals. And that’s where KDE’s [Plasma Mobile](https://community.kde.org/Plasma/Mobile) brings some hope.
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This Kubuntu-based distribution was launched in 2015. Because the KDE community is known for their adherence to standards and developing stuff in public, I am quite excited about the future of Plasma Mobile.
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## Best Distro for ARM Devices: Arch Linux ARM
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With the success of Android, we are now surrounded by ARM-powered devices -- from Raspberry Pi to Chromebook and Nvidia Shield. The traditional distros written for Intel/AMD processors won’t run on these systems. Some distributions are aimed at ARM, but they are mostly for specific hardware only, such as Raspbian for Raspberry Pi. That’s where [Arch Linux ARM](http://archlinuxarm.org/) (ALARM) shines. It’s a purely community-based distribution that’s based on Arch Linux. You can run it on Raspberry Pi, Chromebooks, Android devices, Nvidia Shield, and what not. What makes this distribution even more interesting is that, thanks to the Arch User Repository (AUR), you can install many applications than you may not get on other distributions.
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## Conclusion
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I was astonished and amazed when I worked on this story. It’s very exciting to see that there is something for everyone in the Linux world. It doesn’t matter if the year of the desktop Linux never arrives. We are happy with our Linux moments!
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------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.linux.com/news/software/applications/878620-the-best-linux-distros-of-2016
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作者：[Swapnil Bhartiya][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://www.linux.com/community/forums/person/61003
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2016 最佳Linux 发行版
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[不管是在企业还是在消费者空间](http://www.cio.com/article/3017983/linux/2015s-most-exciting-linux-devices.html)，2015 对于 Linux 来说都是极其重要的一年。作为一个从 2005 年就开始使用 Linux 的老用户，我有幸见证了这个 Linux 过去 10 里的重大发展。[并且，我相信它在 2016 年里会更加令人激动](http://www.cio.com/article/3017177/linux/11-predictions-for-linux-in-2016.html)。在这篇文章里，我会挑选几个将在 2016 年里大放光彩的最佳发行版来介绍个大家。
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## 最易回归的发行版：openSUSE
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SUSE 是 openSUSE 发行版背后的公司，同时也是起步最早的 Linux 公司；[它在 Linus Torvalds 发布 Linux 的第二年就成立了](http://www.linux.com/news/software/applications/866964-exclusive-interview-with-suse-president-nils-brauckmann)。该公司的成立实际上早于现在的 Linux 公司之王 —— Red Hat。同时 SUSE 也是 [openSUSE](https://www.opensuse.org/) 社区发行版的发起者和赞助商。
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2015 年，openSUSE 的开发团队决定向 SUSE Linux 企业版 (SLE) 靠拢，以便让用户可以获得企业服务器特性的发行版 —— 类似于 CentOS 和 Ubuntu 那样。因此，openSUSE 变成了 [openSUSE Leap](https://en.opensuse.org/Portal:Leap)，一个直接基于 SLE SP1 的发行版。
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两个发行版共用相同的基础代码，相互受益 —— SUSE 会选用 openSUSE 中好的代码，反之亦然。如此，openSUSE 也放弃了原本常规的发布周期，新版本与 SLE 同步发行。这意味着每个版本将会有更长的生命周期。
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这样做的结果是，openSUSE 就成了一个非常重要的发行版，因为潜在的 SLE 用户现在可以使用 openSUSE Leap 了。但也并非完全如此，openSUSE 同样也有发行版 [Tumbleweed](http://www.cio.com/article/3008856/open-source-tools/is-opensuse-tumbleweed-good-enough-for-a-seasoned-arch-user.html) —— 一个纯净的滚动式版本。所以，用户们可以选择使用超稳定的 openSUSE Leap 或者经常更新的 openSUSE Tumbleweed。
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在我的记忆中，还没有其他的发行版做了这样一个令人印象深刻的回归。
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## 最高可定制性的发行版：Arch Linux
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Arch Linux 是目前最好的滚动式更新的发行版。好吧，我可能有些偏见，因为我是一名 Arch Linux 用户 (GHLandy 译注：本人也是 Arch Linux 用户，它的定制性真的很好)。然而，我认为它好的真正原因是 Arch 在很多其他领域也都表现的非常优越，并且这才是我为什么用它作为主系统的原因。
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- 对于那些想要学习 Linux 方方面面的用户来说，[Arch Linux](https://www.archlinux.org/) 无疑是一个绝佳的选择。因为你需要手动安装所有自己需要的东西，这样你会慢慢学到 Linux 系统的所有细节。
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- Arch 是一个可高度定制发行版。任何桌面环境 (DE) 都没有了 “Arch” 的原味。你能够得到的只是一个基础系统，然后你可以在上边构建你所想要的发行版。无论好坏，也不想 openSUSE 或者 Ubuntu 那样，Arch 没有额外的补丁或者集成环境。你得到的基本就是上游开发者所创建的原始软件。
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- Arch Linux 同时也是最好的滚动式更新的发行版之一。它需要经常保持着更新。用户所运行的基本上是最新的软件，当然，也可以通过非稳定仓库运行预发行版的软件。
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- Arch 闻名于拥有为数众多的优秀文档。Arch Wiki 是我用以了解所有 Linux 相关事情的外带资源。
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- Arch 中，我最喜欢的是，它提供了“任何” 其他发行版中可用的的包和软件，同时还要感谢 AUR (Arch User Repository，Arch 用户仓库)。
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## 最美观的发行版：elementary OS
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不同的发行版会有不同的关注点 —— 多数情况下表现为不同的技术。在大多数的 Linux 发行版中，外观和用户感觉并非他们优先考虑的事情 —— 这通常是桌面环境需要考虑的事情。
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[elementary OS](https://elementary.io/) 正在尝试改变这一事实。在这个发行版中，设计是占据重要位置，并且原因明显 —— 为该发行版取这个名字的开发者要在 Linux 世界里创建一些漂亮的图标。
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elementary OS 相当注重整体外观和用户感觉。开发者创建了他们自己的组件，包括桌面环境。此外，他们只会选择那些符合设计规范的应用来加入到软件仓库。你可以发现 elementary OS 有很浓重的 Mac OS X 气息。
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## 最好的新晋发行版：Solus
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[Solus](https://solus-project.com/) 最近获得非常大的关注程度。它是一个外观还可以、从零开始构建的操作系统，而并非 Debian 或者 Ubuntu 的衍生版本。它使用的 Budgie 桌面环境同样是从零开始构建的，但它的目标是兼容 Gnome。Solus 和 Google 的 Chrome OS 一样 —— 一切从简。
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我个人没怎么玩过 Solus，但它看起来很有前途。Solus 实际上并不是一个 “新” 系统。它曾以不同的形式和名称存在来很长时间，但直到 2015 年整个项目才现在这个新名称重归大众视野。
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## 最好的云操作系统：Chrome OS
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[Chrome OS](https://www.chromium.org/chromium-os) 可能不会成为你的典型 Linux 发行版，毕竟它是基于浏览器的操作系统，主要用以在线活动。但由于基于 Linux 以及任何可以获取其源码进行编译，它同样是一个吸引人的系统。同时我也每天使用 Chrome OS，它是一个优秀、不用自己维护并且总是最新状态的系统，每个人都可以单纯用它来进行 web 相关的活动。Chrome OS 和 Android 对于推动 Linux 在 PC 市场和移动市场的占有率有着不可或缺的功劳。
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## 最好的笔记本操作系统：Ubuntu MATE
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大多数的笔记本都没有高端的硬件，假如你运行了一个很耗费资源的桌面环境，那么你可能没有足够的系统资源或电量来维持你的基本使用 —— 因为基本上被系统自身消耗了。于是我找到了 [Ubuntu MATE](http://www.cio.com/article/2848475/ubuntu-mate-enterprise-customers.html) 这个优秀的系统。它是轻量级的环境，但提供了能让你拥有不错体验的所有软件。也幸好它的轻量级设计，大部分的系统资源都留来给你的软件使用，让你依旧可以完成一些繁重的任务。我还发现，它对于一些低端的硬件也同样有很好的支持。
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## 为老旧硬件支持而生的发行版：Lubuntu
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假如你身边拥有一些过时的笔记本或 PC，给它安装 [Lubuntu](http://lubuntu.net/) 来获得重生吧。Lubuntu 使用的是 LXDE 桌面环境，但该项目与 Razor Qt 合并之后，变成了 LXQt。尽管最新的版本 15.04 依旧使用 LXDE，但之后的版本将会使用 LXQt。Lubuntu 对于老旧硬件来说是最合适不过的系统来。
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## 为物联网 (IoT) 而生的发行版：Snappy Ubuntu Core
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Snappy Ubuntu Core 为物联网 (IoT) 及此类设备而生的 Linux 操作系统。该系统拥有巨大潜力，它可以将我们身边绝大多数的东西 —— 如路由器、咖啡机和玩具飞机等 —— 变成智能设备。让它更有趣的是，软件管理更新的方式以及添加安全性能的模块。
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## 为桌面系统而生的发行版：Linux Mint Cinnamon
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[Linux Mint Cinnamon](http://www.linux.com/news/software/applications/838569-review-linux-mint-172-release/) 对于台式机和一些有强大硬件的笔记本来说是最好的操作系统。并且我会尽量把它叫做 Linux 世界里的 Mac OS X。老实说，由于 Cinnamon 的不稳定，我在很长一段时间内并不是 Linux Mint 的忠实粉丝。但是，在开发者使用 LTS (Long Term Support，长期支持)作为基础之后，该发行版就变得难以想象的稳定。因为开发者花费经历来跟上 Ubuntu 的开发进度，他们现在可以将所有精力放到把 Cinnamon 做的更好上边来了。
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## 为游戏而生的发行版：Steam OS
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对于桌面版 Linux 来说，玩游戏同样是短板。很多用户为了能够玩游戏，安装了 Linux 和 Windows 双系统。而 Valve 则尝试改变这个局面。Valve 是一个游戏发行商，它提供一个可以跨平台运行游戏的客户端。并且，Valve 也同样创建来它自己的开源操作系统 —— [Steam OS](http://store.steampowered.com/steamos/) —— 为了创建一个基于 Linux 的游戏平台。截至 2015 年底，它的合作伙伴开始把搭载来 Steam OS 的机子推向市场。
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## 为隐私而生的发行版：Tails
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在充斥着大量监控和营销者的跟踪 (为目标内容进行的匿名跟踪通常是可接受的)，隐私就变成主要问题。如果你向脱离政府或者市场机构的监控和跟踪范围，那么你需要一款始终考虑到隐私问题的操作系统。
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在出于保护隐私的考虑上，没有任何一款系统可以超越 [Tails](https://tails.boum.org/)。它以基于 Debian 的发行版，在设计之初就考虑了隐私和匿名的支持。Tails 非常优秀，而且据报道说，NSA 认为这是对他们的监控的主要威胁之一。
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## 为多媒体制作而生的发行版：Ubuntu Studio
|
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基于 Linux 的操作系统有一个明显的弱点，那就是对多媒体制作的支持并不友好。所有在的专业级应用基本只能运行在 Windows 或者 Mac OS X 上。Linux 系统从来都不缺乏像样的音频/视频制作软件，但这样还是远远不够的。应该要有一款轻量级的桌面环境，使得那些宝贵的系统资源 —— 如 CPU 和 RAM —— 尽量少占用，以便用于多媒体制作。目前，[Ubuntu Studio](https://ubuntustudio.org/tour/) 对多媒体制作的支持最好。它使用了 Xfce 桌面环境，并且有应用广泛的音频、视频以及图像编辑应用。
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## 最好的企业发行版：SLE/RHEL
|
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|
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企业级用户并不会通过浏览想这样的文章来了解他们的服务器该运行什么发行版。他们通常非常明确该到哪里获取信息：即 [Red Hat Enterprise Linux](https://www.redhat.com/en/technologies/linux-platforms/enterprise-linux) 或 [SUSE Linux Enterprise](https://www.suse.com/)。这两个名字已经成了企业服务器的代名词了。同时，它们背后的公司也都通过创新来推动一切皆容器并且可以进行软件定义。
|
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|
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## 最好的服务器操作系统：Debian/CentOS
|
||||
|
||||
假如你在考虑自己运行一台服务器，但有不希望支付 RHEL 或者 SLE 授权的费用，那么 [Debian](https://www.debian.org/) 或者 [CentOS](https://www.centos.org/) 将是你最好的选择。这两个发行版在社区发行版服务器操作系统有着不可动摇的位置。并且它们有着很长的支持期，从而你不必担忧需要经常去上级系统。
|
||||
|
||||
## 最好的移动操作系统：Plasma Mobile
|
||||
|
||||
尽管，基于 Linux 的 Android 系统称雄于移动操作系统市场，但是大多数的开源社区 —— 也包括我在内 —— 也仍然强烈希望能有一个发行版能够为移动设备提供传统 Linux 的桌面应用。同时，这样的一个发行版由开源社区来维护会比由商业公司来维护好的多，只有这样用户群才能才能成为这个发行版的焦点，而不应该有公司的商业目标决定这个发行版的发展趋势。而 KDE 的 [Plasma Mobile](https://community.kde.org/Plasma/Mobile) 刚好实现来我们的愿望。
|
||||
|
||||
这个 基于 Kubuntu 的发行版始于 2015 年。因为 KDE 社区以坚守标准和为公众开发应用而闻名，我非常期待 Plasma Mobile 能够一直坚持下去。
|
||||
|
||||
## 为 ARM 设备而生的发行版：Arch Linux ARM
|
||||
|
||||
随着 Android 系统的成功，我们的生活也围绕者越来越多的 ARM 设备 —— 从树梅派 (Raspberry Pi) 到 Chromebook 以及 Nvidia Shield。为 Intel/AMD 架构的 CPU 而编写的传统发行版并不能够在这些 ARM 架构的设备上运行。而一些为 ARM 而编写的发行版却仅仅只能在特定的硬件上运行，比如只能运行在树梅派 (Raspberry Pi) 上的 Raspbian 系统。[Arch Linux ARM](http://archlinuxarm.org/) (ALARM) 的闪光点在于：它是一个基于 Arch Linux 的纯社区支持的发行版，可以在树梅派 (Raspberry Pi)、Chromebook、Android 设备以及 Nvidia Shield 等设备上运行。同时，也由于有了 AUR，该发行版变得更加有趣，你可以安装很多在其他发行版可能无法获取的软件。
|
||||
|
||||
## 结论
|
||||
|
||||
在我写完本文的时候，连我自己都震惊了。能够在 Linux 的世界里为大家写点东西真的是很令人激动。不必去管 Linux 统治桌面电脑的时代是否会到来，我们都要一样享受自己使用 Linux 的每一刻快乐时光。
|
||||
|
||||
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.linux.com/news/software/applications/878620-the-best-linux-distros-of-2016
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Swapnil Bhartiya][a]
|
||||
译者：[GHLandy](https://github.com/GHLandy)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.linux.com/community/forums/person/61003
|
||||
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