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北梦南歌
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[#]: author: "Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth"
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[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
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[#]: translator: "perfiffer"
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[#]: reviewer: " "
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[#]: publisher: " "
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[#]: url: " "
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[#]: reviewer: "wxy"
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[#]: publisher: "wxy"
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[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14435-1.html"
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我最喜欢在 Linux 上玩的休闲游戏
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======
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在编译开源代码的同时在 Linux 上玩电子游戏。
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![Gaming with penguin pawns][1]
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> 在编译开源代码的同时在 Linux 上玩电子游戏。
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我喜欢一款可以让自己沉浸数小时的好游戏，但我并不总是能够忽略工作而消失在电子游戏中。尽管如此，我还是喜欢不时的接受有趣的挑战，当我的计算机忙于做一些我需要等待的事情时，我最喜欢启动的两个应用程序是来自 KDE 游戏包的游戏：**KBlocks** 和 **Kolf**。
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### KBlocks
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我最喜欢的电子游戏包括从天上掉下来的积木，理想情况下是成排降落，当积木连成一排时，它们会神奇的消失。KBlocks 就是这样的，它是一种很好的实现。它可以使用**左键**和**右键**控制块进行旋转，使用**下键**调节块更快的下落，使用**空格键**直接落下块，控制块下落的速度有几个不同的难度级别。
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我最喜欢的电子游戏是这种从方块从天上掉下来，最好是落成一排，当方块相邻时就会神奇的消失的游戏。KBlocks 就是这样的，它的实现很棒。它可以使用**左箭头**和**右箭头**控制方块进行旋转，使用**下箭头**让方块更快的下落，使用**空格键**直接落下方块，不同的难度级别，方块下落的速度不同。
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![KBlocks][2]
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(Seth Kenlon, [CC BY-SA 4.0][3])
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（Seth Kenlon, [CC BY-SA 4.0][3]）
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KBlocks 的默认主题是古埃及，这与游戏的玩法无关，但对于埃及的爱好者来说可能是愉快的游戏体验。不过，你可以在 **KBlocks 配置**菜单项中更改主题。有一个名为 **Plasma** 的替代主题，或者你可以单击**获取新主题**按钮并下载由贡献者贡献的主题。
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KBlocks 的默认主题是古埃及，这对游戏的玩法没有影响，但对于古埃及的爱好者来说可能是愉快的游戏体验。不过，你可以在“<ruby>配置 KBlocks<rt>Configure KBlocks</rt></ruby>”菜单项中更改主题。有一个名为 “Plasma” 的替代主题，或者你可以单击“<ruby>获取新主题<rt>Get New Themes</rt></ruby>”按钮并下载由用户贡献的主题。
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![KBlocks Invaders by José Jorge][4]
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(Seth Kenlon, CC BY-SA 4.0)
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主题纯粹是美学的，但就艺术而言，为休闲游戏创建主题可能是为开源项目作出贡献的一种有趣方式。
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主题纯粹是美学方面的事情，但就艺术类型的人而言，为休闲游戏创建主题可能是为开源项目作出贡献的一种有趣方式。
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#### KDE Plasma 桌面的网关游戏
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#### 引导我进入 KDE Plasma 桌面的游戏
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我承认，KBlocks 对我来说很难放下。事实上，正是我在会议期间玩游戏的愿望让我在 Emacs 中找到了 `M-x tetris` 命令，这反过来又让我发现并爱上了 Linux。这个游戏有很大的魅力。也许 KBlocks 将成为你发现 KDE Plasma 桌面的方式？
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我承认，KBlocks 对我来说很难放下。事实上，正是我在会议期间玩游戏的愿望让我在 Emacs 中找到了 `M-x tetris` 命令，这反过来又让我发现并爱上了 Linux。这个游戏有很大的魅力。也许 KBlocks 将成为你发现 KDE Plasma 桌面的途径？
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### Kolf
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我不喜欢现实生活中的高尔夫，但在电脑上迷你高尔夫模拟物理和有趣的关卡设计，既令人愉快，又令人沮丧。使用 Kolf，目标如你所料：将高尔夫球打入洞中。当然，目的地总是在拐角处、需要越过山丘、经过池塘或者在墙后，因此你的目标是计算球速、摩擦力、坡度和轨迹，使其完美地让球回到原点并尽可能少的击打球。
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我不喜欢现实生活中的高尔夫，但在电脑上，迷你高尔夫结合了模拟物理和有趣的关卡设计，既令人愉快，又令人沮丧。Kolf 的目标如你所料：将高尔夫球打入洞中。当然，目的地总是在拐角处、需要越过山丘、经过池塘或者在墙后，因此你的目标是计算球速、摩擦力、坡度和轨迹，使其完美地让球回到球洞并尽可能少的击打球。
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![Miniature golf][5]
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(Seth Kenlon, [CC BY-SA 4.0][3])
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（Seth Kenlon, [CC BY-SA 4.0][3]）
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它从来没有看起来那么容易，而且我认为看着高尔夫球从物体上反弹并滚下你从未打算让它靠近的山丘，这永远不会过时。
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它从来没有看起来那么简单，而且我认为看着高尔夫球从物体上反弹，并滚下你从未打算让它靠近的山丘，这永远不会过时。
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#### 设计自己的课程
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#### 设计自己的球场
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当你尝试设计自己的迷你高尔夫球场时，乐趣才真正开始。是的，Kolf 有一个关卡编辑器，你可以在其中建造墙壁、放置池塘、山丘和沙坑，添加弹球式保险杠等等。
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![Kolf editor][6]
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(Seth Kenlon, [CC BY-SA 4.0][3])
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（Seth Kenlon, [CC BY-SA 4.0][3]）
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因为 Kolf 可以是多人游戏，所以给每个玩家五分钟的时间来设计一个关卡，然后看看谁在谁的关卡上做的最好，这特别有趣。
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### Linux KDE 游戏
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这绝不是 KDE 项目中仅有的两款游戏。还有许多其它游戏，包括卡牌游戏、拼贴游戏和街机游戏。KDE 游戏包的好处是，它们包含了你很乐意马上离开的游戏，而且它们只需要你四分之一的注意力。我使用这些游戏来消磨编译代码的时间。有时候我并不能完全沉浸在游戏中，但我总是很欣赏这种心理状态的微妙转变。
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这绝不是 KDE 项目中仅有的两款游戏。还有许多其它游戏，包括卡牌游戏、拼图游戏和街机游戏。KDE 游戏包的好处是，它们包含了你可以随时走开的游戏，而且它们只需要你一点点的注意力。我在编译代码时使用这些游戏来消磨时间。有时候我并不能完整的玩完一局游戏，但我总是很欣赏这种心理状态的微妙转变。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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@ -65,7 +67,7 @@ via: https://opensource.com/article/22/2/casual-gaming-linux-kde
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作者：[Seth Kenlon][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[perfiffer](https://github.com/perfiffer)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
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[#]: subject: "Nautilus File Manager Looks Amazing with GTK4 and Libadwaita – A Deep Dive"
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[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/gnome-files-43/"
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[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
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[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
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[#]: translator: "geekpi"
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[#]: reviewer: "wxy"
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[#]: publisher: "wxy"
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[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14442-1.html"
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GTK4 和 Libadwaita 让 GNOME 43 的文件管理器看起来很出色
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======
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> 我们测试了 GNOME “<ruby>文件<rt>Files</rt></ruby>” v43 的开发版本，在这里将向你深入披露其外观、功能和性能的细节。
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GNOME <ruby>文件<rt>Files</rt></ruby>（以前的 Nautilus）也许是当今 GNOME 生态空间中使用最多的桌面应用。而且，自其首次发布以来，它从未接受过什么大修，而其他的 GNOME 应用乃至桌面本身都转移到了一个较新的技术栈。
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现在一切都变了。GNOME 开发者正在为整个桌面和 “文件” 采用 GTK4 和 libadwaita。
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GNOME “文件” v43 将在 2022 年晚些时候与 GNOME 43 一起发布，必将令人印象深刻。这个急需的 [重制][1] 带来了原生的深色模式、很棒的 UI 以及出色的 libadwaita 触控和 GTK4 性能提升。
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### GNOME “文件” v43
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我们安装了 GNOME “文件” v43 的 Flatpak 开发版本，下面是我们的发现。
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第一印象，你应该注意到漂亮的 UI 触控，这要感谢 Libadwaita。关闭按钮是漂亮的圆形，而地址栏、选择高亮和整个文件窗口都有适当的间距和圆角。
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所有的组件都没有出现边框高亮线。
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下面是 v43（左）和 v42（右）的深浅模式的快速比较。
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![GNOME Files 43 and 42 – Light Mode Comparison][2]
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![GNOME Files 43 and 42 – Dark Mode Comparison][3]
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地址栏的文件夹分隔符保持不变。然而，字体却有了些许润色。地址栏的上下文菜单改变了，“<ruby>在终端打开<rt>Open in Terminal</rt></ruby>”选项没有了。取而代之的是 “<ruby>在其它应用中打开<rt>Open in Other application</rt></ruby>” 菜单。引入了一个新的选项 “<ruby>创建链接<rt>Create Link</rt></ruby>”。我想许多用户会怀念 “在终端打开” 的选项。
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> 3/3 更新（感谢 Rashid）：“在终端打开” 选项是 Nautilus 扩展包的一部分。因此，Flatpak 构建版不能“看到”它。因此，它本身并没有被删除。
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![New option in address bar menu][4]
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另一个重要的变化是你应该注意到两个主工具条菜单：a）视图按钮和 b）汉堡主菜单。这些上下文菜单项显示了菜单项及键盘快捷键。这也使它们看起来更显眼一些。
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![The Hamburger menu now have keyboard shortcuts][5]
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文件夹的上下文菜单现在有一个向上的小箭头，指向从它弹出的文件夹。文件夹的右键上下文菜单以组为单位组织得很好。例如，打开动作是分组的，而剪切、复制、粘贴在上下文菜单中以横杠的形式明显分开。
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![Context Menu for folder changes][6]
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我还注意到一个新的选项 “<ruby>粘贴到该文件夹<rt>Paste into the folder</rt></ruby>”，这个很好。
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Nautilus 搜索几乎与 “文件” v42 相同，只是在 “文件” v43 中你可以通过创建日期/时间搜索。
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~~然而，我注意到一个令人兴奋的变化。上下文菜单中的文件关联的应用名称被删除了。例如，如果你今天试图在 “文件” v42 中打开一个文本文件，它在上下文菜单中显示与之相关的应用名称。在 “文件” v43 中，它只显示 “打开”。我觉得这种改变是不必要的。之前的情况更好。~~
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> 3/3 更新（感谢 Rashid）：当我在试用 v43 的沙盒 Flatpak 版本时，它并没有看到系统关联。所以，这不是一个变化。但是，我又想知道，如果有人试图真正使用 Flatpak 版本怎么办。
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![A subtle change in context menu for file association][7]
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所以，这就是我在这个应用的新 GTK4 版本中发现的整体变化。但它看起来不错？不是吗。此外，如果你是直接从 Ubuntu 20.04 LTS 来的，其中包含 “文件” 3.38，那么也许你的体验会是“哇”！如果你将 “文件” v43 与 “文件” v3.38 进行比较，大部分区域都发生了变化。对于这些用户来说，这将是一个相当不错的体验。
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你应该记住，v43 仍在开发中，因此在未来最终发布时，可能会发生变化。
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### 愿望清单
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如果比较各种 Linux 文件管理器，其他的文件管理器的选项远多于今天的 GNOME “文件”。
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是这样的。
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例如，Nemo 或 Dolphin - 这两个最好的文件管理器在各方面都胜过 “文件”。比较一下功能，GNOME “文件” 没有一些流行的功能：
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* 双面板或分割视图
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* 从上下文菜单中打开一个根文件夹是困难的
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* 一个用于文件夹浏览的向上箭头
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* 没有从上下文菜单中创建一个新文件（文本、电子表格等）的选项
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* 更多的排序和搜索功能
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我们希望这些功能能尽快出现在 GNOME “文件” 中。
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### 何时能用
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如上所述，这个版本的 GNOME “文件” 将与 GNOME 43 一起提供。因此，从 Linux 发行计划的角度来看，你应该在 2022 年 10 月的 Ubuntu 22.10 和今年晚些时候的 Fedora 37 上拥有它。
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不幸的是，[Ubuntu 22.04 LTS][9]（Jammy Jellyfish）和带有 [GNOME 42][10] 的 [Fedora 36][11] 将不会有 GNOME “文件” 43。主要原因是时间表不匹配，而且它是要移植到 GTK4 和彻底测试的复杂应用之一。然而，大部分上述的内部功能仍然会在 “文件” 42 中。但它可能缺少漂亮的 UI 变化和主题。
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尽管如此，我相信这个流行的文件管理器看起来不错，当它发布时，用户应该会很兴奋地使用它。让我知道你对 GNOME “文件” 43 的新变化的看法，请在下面的评论框中留言。
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加油！
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/gnome-files-43/
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作者：[Arindam][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
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校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/nautilus
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[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/GNOME-Files-43-and-42-Light-Mode-Comparison-1024x502.jpg
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[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/GNOME-Files-43-and-42-Dark-Mode-Comparison-1024x493.jpg
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[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/New-option-in-address-bar-menu-1024x267.jpg
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[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/The-Hamburger-menu-now-have-keyboard-shortcuts-1024x331.jpg
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[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Context-Menu-for-folder-changes-1024x560.jpg
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[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/A-subtle-change-in-context-menu-for-file-association-1024x524.jpg
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[9]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/ubuntu-22-04-lts/
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[10]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/12/gnome-42/
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[11]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/02/fedora-36/
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[12]: https://t.me/debugpoint
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[13]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint
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[14]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1
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[15]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint
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@ -3,32 +3,34 @@
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[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/"
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[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
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||||
[#]: translator: "geekpi"
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||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
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||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: "wxy"
|
||||
[#]: publisher: "wxy"
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||||
[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14433-1.html"
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Budibase：构建现代商业应用的开源低代码平台
|
||||
======
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||||
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你可能会遇到各种各样的工具来帮助你快速构建企业的应用。
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然而，大多数值得信赖的选择往往是专有产品。因此，你将被锁定在他们的平台上，而对你利用什么来构建应用没有足够的了解。
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然而，大多数值得信赖的选择往往是专有产品。因此，你将被锁定在他们的平台上，而对于你利用什么来构建的应用，没有足够的了解。
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一个开源的解决方案应该是一个完美的替代品，让你安心，并对你的关键业务应用充满信心。
|
||||
开源的解决方案应该是一个完美的替代品，让你安心，并对你的关键业务应用充满信心。
|
||||
|
||||
Budibase 就是这样一个令人印象深刻的解决方案。
|
||||
|
||||
### Budibase：开源的低代码平台让事情变得简单
|
||||
|
||||
Budibase 是一个越来越受欢迎的开源低代码平台，可以帮助你为你的企业建立应用。
|
||||
Budibase 是一个越来越受欢迎的开源低代码平台，可以帮助你为企业建立应用。
|
||||
|
||||
你可以从头开始创建应用，或者使用现有的模板来快速建立表格、机构-客户门户、汽车租赁管理面板、会计师门户、职位申请追踪器等等。
|
||||
你可以从头开始创建应用，或者使用现有的模板来快速建立表单、机构-客户门户、汽车租赁管理面板、会计师门户、职位申请追踪器等等。
|
||||
|
||||
![][1]
|
||||
|
||||
虽然它确实使事情变得简单，而不需要你有必要的编程技巧，但它也提供控制，让你在一定程度上定制应用。
|
||||
虽然它确实使事情变得简单，而不需要你有必要的编程技巧，但它也提供了一些控制，让你在一定程度上定制应用。
|
||||
|
||||
它支持一系列的数据源：MySQL、Rest API、OracleDB、MongoDB、Google Sheets 等。
|
||||
它支持一系列的数据源：MySQL、Rest API、OracleDB、MongoDB、Google 表格等。
|
||||
|
||||
你可以选择自我托管并在你的服务器上部署应用，或者利用 Budibase 的云托管服务。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -40,7 +42,7 @@ Budibase 是一个越来越受欢迎的开源低代码平台，可以帮助你
|
||||
* 支持 Rest API 拉取数据。
|
||||
* 能够使用应用的内置数据库或上传 CSV 来导入数据。
|
||||
* 各种数据类型和功能，包括附件、关系、公式等。
|
||||
* API 整合平台，整合不同的 API，帮助你轻松建立内部应用，表格等。
|
||||
* API 整合平台，整合不同的 API，帮助你轻松建立内部应用、表单等。
|
||||
* 能够使用内部表格生成自动页面。
|
||||
* 构建单页应用。
|
||||
* 自动生成的 CRUD（创建、读取、更新和删除）页面
|
||||
@ -48,8 +50,8 @@ Budibase 是一个越来越受欢迎的开源低代码平台，可以帮助你
|
||||
* 只需点击几下就可以定制你的应用的主题。
|
||||
* 容易为你的应用实现深色模式主题。
|
||||
* 一个功能丰富的表单生成器，满足广泛的要求。
|
||||
* 支持 Webhook
|
||||
* 与 Zapier 的第三方集成等。
|
||||
* 支持 Webhook。
|
||||
* 与诸如 Zapier 等的第三方集成。
|
||||
* 基于特定触发器的灵活自动化选项。
|
||||
* 能够将 JavaScript 添加到你的自动程序中。
|
||||
* 为拥有自己基础设施的用户提供自我托管选项。
|
||||
@ -60,11 +62,9 @@ Budibase 是一个越来越受欢迎的开源低代码平台，可以帮助你
|
||||
* 支持 OAuth 登录。目前仅限于谷歌。
|
||||
* 图表、表格和卡片来优雅地展示数据。
|
||||
|
||||
总的来说，当你登录到该服务并查看其产品时，还有很多东西可以探索。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
总的来说，当你登录到该服务并查看产品，还有很多东西可以探索。
|
||||
|
||||
在我短暂的使用中，我发现用户界面很舒适，很容易使用。为了给你更多的见解，我在下面分享了更多关于使用 Budibase 的信息。
|
||||
在我短暂的使用中，我发现用户界面很舒适，很容易使用。为了给你更多的认识，我在下面分享了更多关于使用 Budibase 的信息。
|
||||
|
||||
### 使用 Budibase 快速建立一个应用
|
||||
|
||||
@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ Budibase 在这方面没有让你失望。当你开始使用 Budibase 时，你
|
||||
|
||||
![][3]
|
||||
|
||||
欢迎你选择内部数据库或选择外部源。该平台让你根据需要编辑/创建/导入数据。
|
||||
你可以选择内部数据库或选择外部源。该平台让你根据需要编辑/创建/导入数据。
|
||||
|
||||
![][4]
|
||||
|
||||
@ -86,19 +86,19 @@ Budibase 在这方面没有让你失望。当你开始使用 Budibase 时，你
|
||||
|
||||
![][5]
|
||||
|
||||
它完全是一个视觉编辑器，所以你会得到你所看到的东西。在布局中添加容器、章节、表单、卡片、图表和许多其他元素。
|
||||
它完全是一个可视化编辑器，所以你会得到你所看到的东西。在布局中添加容器、分区、表单、卡片、图表和许多其他元素。
|
||||
|
||||
![][6]
|
||||
|
||||
调整主题是一件轻而易举的事。因此，你可以根据你的要求，匹配你的品牌风格/腔调，或者根据你的要求进行创意。
|
||||
调整主题是一件轻而易举的事。因此，你可以根据你的要求，匹配你的品牌风格/样式，或者根据你的要求进行创意。
|
||||
|
||||
![][7]
|
||||
|
||||
你可以无缝地编辑数据，创建新的数据字段，也可以为数据启用搜索索引。
|
||||
你可以轻松地编辑数据，创建新的数据字段，也可以为数据启用搜索索引。
|
||||
|
||||
![][8]
|
||||
|
||||
不要忘了，你还可以获得所有的自动化选项，与其他服务集成，使用 webhook、cron 任务或应用动作来响应触发器。这些是为你的用户建立一个最有效的应用的一些最重要的东西。
|
||||
不要忘了，你还可以获得所有的自动化选项，与其他服务集成，使用 Webhook、cron 任务或应用动作来响应触发器。这些是为你的用户建立一个最有效的应用的一些最重要的东西。
|
||||
|
||||
下面是我使用 Budibase 建立一个样本应用跟踪系统时的情况：
|
||||
|
||||
@ -106,13 +106,13 @@ Budibase 在这方面没有让你失望。当你开始使用 Budibase 时，你
|
||||
|
||||
当然，你可以选择在你的服务器上发布应用，或者使用 Budibase 的云服务。
|
||||
|
||||
### 最后的想法
|
||||
### 总结
|
||||
|
||||
Budibase 是一个非常有用的低代码平台，应该可以帮助个人和企业快速建立各种应用。你应该在其官方网站和 [GitHub 页面][10]上探索更多关于它的信息。
|
||||
|
||||
[Budibase][2]
|
||||
> [Budibase][2]
|
||||
|
||||
它消除了聘请专家为各种用例构建应用的需要。 而且，作为一个你可以自行托管的开源平台，它可以让你扩展并提供对构建应用的完全控制，而无需支付额外费用。
|
||||
它消除了聘请专家为各种用例构建应用的需要。而且，作为一个你可以自行托管的开源平台，它可以让你扩展并提供对构建应用的完全控制，而无需支付额外费用。
|
||||
|
||||
如果需要，你还可以选择其企业产品，提供高级支持和专门定制的服务。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ via: https://itsfoss.com/budibase/
|
||||
作者：[Ankush Das][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@ -3,16 +3,18 @@
|
||||
[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "geekpi"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: "wxy"
|
||||
[#]: publisher: "wxy"
|
||||
[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14437-1.html"
|
||||
|
||||
Metadata Cleaner：在 Linux 中清除你在图片和文件中的痕迹
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
**简介：** _摆脱元数据对增强隐私至关重要。Metadata Cleaner 是一个开源的 Linux 应用，可以帮助你做到这一点。让我们在这里探讨更多。_
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
元数据无处不在，无论是文档、信息、图片还是其他文件类型。
|
||||
> 摆脱元数据对增强隐私至关重要。Metadata Cleaner 是一个开源的 Linux 应用，可以帮助你做到这一点。让我们在这里探讨更多。
|
||||
|
||||
元数据无处不在，它在文档中、在信息中、在图片中，在各种文件中。
|
||||
|
||||
当你检查一个文件的属性时，你可以很容易地访问元数据。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -26,17 +28,17 @@ Metadata Cleaner 就是这样一个供 Linux 用户使用的工具。
|
||||
|
||||
Metadata Cleaner 帮助你删除与元数据相关的信息的痕迹。它利用 [mat2][2] 来删除元数据。
|
||||
|
||||
换句话说，你可以假设 GUI 是 mat2 的前端。
|
||||
换句话说，你可以将这个 GUI 当成 mat2 的前端。
|
||||
|
||||
例如，一张照片包括拍摄地点、使用的相机、镜头信息等信息。
|
||||
|
||||
虽然这对某些人来说可能是有用的信息，但如果你想保持所有细节的私密性，你就需要删除元数据。
|
||||
虽然这对某些人来说可能是有用的信息，但如果你想保持各种细节的私密，你就需要删除元数据。
|
||||
|
||||
文件的情况也是如此。删除元数据可以确保提高隐私性，无论是对你的业务还是个人使用。
|
||||
|
||||
你必须添加目标文件，并使用 Metadata Cleaner 处理它们，使它们得到清理。
|
||||
你可以添加目标文件，并使用 Metadata Cleaner 处理它们，使它们得到清理。
|
||||
|
||||
**注意**：_在清理之前，你必须保留一份文件的备份。摆脱你的元数据可能会导致你的文件发生剧烈的变化，比如无法选择 PDF 文件中的文本，压缩图片等_。
|
||||
**注意**：在清理之前，你必须保留一份文件的备份。摆脱你的元数据可能会导致你的文件发生剧烈的变化，比如无法选择 PDF 文件中的文本，压缩图片等。
|
||||
|
||||
### Metadata Cleaner 的特性
|
||||
|
||||
@ -53,9 +55,7 @@ Metadata Cleaner 是一个简单的工具，具有一些有用的功能。让我
|
||||
* 可以从内部创建一个新的窗口。
|
||||
* 你可以添加整个文件夹来处理多个文件。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
我开始用一般的截图、几张照片和从网上下载的文件来测试。
|
||||
我用一般的截图、几张照片和从网上下载的文件来开始测试。
|
||||
|
||||
![][4]
|
||||
|
||||
@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ Metadata Cleaner 是一个简单的工具，具有一些有用的功能。让我
|
||||
|
||||
这只是一个例子。同样，如果你想与某人或公众分享一个 PDF 文件，不想让别人看到它的来源信息，你可以使用 Metadata Cleaner 清理你的踪迹。
|
||||
|
||||
如前所述，如果文件对你很重要，如果清理过程以你不希望的方式影响文件，请确保适当的备份。
|
||||
如前所述，如果文件对你很重要，如果清理过程以你不希望的方式影响了文件，请确保适当的备份。
|
||||
|
||||
![][5]
|
||||
|
||||
@ -73,25 +73,23 @@ Metadata Cleaner 是一个简单的工具，具有一些有用的功能。让我
|
||||
|
||||
![][6]
|
||||
|
||||
同样，在处理文档和图片时，你会有大部分的基本数据被移除。
|
||||
同样，在处理文档和图片时，你的大部分的基本数据会被移除。
|
||||
|
||||
### 在 Linux 中安装 Metadata Cleaner
|
||||
|
||||
Metadata Cleaner 是以 [Flatpak 包][7]的形式提供的。因此，考虑到你[设置了 Flatpak][8]或者你已经启用了它，你可以在任何 Linux 发行版上安装它。
|
||||
Metadata Cleaner 是以 [Flatpak 包][7] 的形式提供的。因此，考虑到你 [设置了 Flatpak][8] 或者你已经启用了它，你可以在任何 Linux 发行版上安装它。
|
||||
|
||||
你可以在终端使用以下命令来安装它（如果你没有软件中心集成）：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
flatpak install flathub fr.romainvigier.MetadataCleaner
|
||||
|
||||
flatpak install flathub fr.romainvigier.MetadataCleaner
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
你可以到它的[网站][9]或 [GitLab 页面][10]去探索更多关于它的信息。
|
||||
你可以到它的 [网站][9] 或 [GitLab 页面][10] 去探索更多关于它的信息。
|
||||
|
||||
[Metadata Cleaner][9]
|
||||
> [Metadata Cleaner][9]
|
||||
|
||||
_你以前尝试过清除元数据的痕迹吗？你对这个工具有什么看法？请在下面的评论中告诉我你的想法。_
|
||||
你以前尝试过清除元数据的痕迹吗？你对这个工具有什么看法？请在下面的评论中告诉我你的想法。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
@ -100,7 +98,7 @@ via: https://itsfoss.com/metadata-cleaner/
|
||||
作者：[Ankush Das][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@ -3,14 +3,16 @@
|
||||
[#]: author: "Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "geekpi"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: "wxy"
|
||||
[#]: publisher: "wxy"
|
||||
[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14441-1.html"
|
||||
|
||||
在 Ubuntu 22.04 中使用新的强调色选项为你的 Ubuntu 桌面添加一些颜色
|
||||
在 Ubuntu 22.04 中使用新的强调色
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
传统上，Ubuntu 一直使用橙色和茄子色的强调色。如果你想在不改变 Yaru 主题的情况下添加一个不同的颜色主题，它由第三方[名为 Yaru 颜色的主题][1]提供。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
传统上，Ubuntu 一直使用橙色和紫红色的强调色。如果你想在不改变 Yaru 主题的情况下添加一个不同的颜色主题，可以选择使用由第三方提供的 [名为 Yaru 颜色的主题][1]。
|
||||
|
||||
但是这一点随着 Ubuntu 22.04 的到来而改变。从即将推出的新的 LTS 开始，你将能够改变你的 Ubuntu 桌面的强调色，而不需要任何额外的工具。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -18,21 +20,23 @@
|
||||
|
||||
### 改变 Ubuntu 22.04 的强调色
|
||||
|
||||
我已经在使用 Ubuntu 22.04 预发布版本。你还不会得到这个版本，但知道这个 [Ubuntu 22.04 的新功能][2]是件好事。
|
||||
我已经在使用 Ubuntu 22.04 预发布版本。你还不会得到这个版本，但已经确定会有这个 [Ubuntu 22.04 新功能][2]。
|
||||
|
||||
在设置中，在外观标签下，你会看到颜色选项。它将给你十个颜色选项，包括默认橙色、树皮色、鼠尾草色、橄榄色、绿色、普鲁士绿、蓝色、紫色、洋红色和红色。
|
||||
在设置中，在外观标签下，你会看到颜色选项。它将给你十个颜色选项，包括默认的橙色、树皮色、鼠尾草色、橄榄色、铬绿、普鲁士绿、蓝色、紫色、洋红色和红色。
|
||||
|
||||
你可以从这里选择你喜欢的颜色。
|
||||
|
||||
![Changing accent colors in Ubuntu 22.04][3]
|
||||
|
||||
它改变了什么？所有你在桌面上有橙色元素的地方。所以，文件夹的颜色会被改变，日历条目，软件中心的标志，浏览器中的文本选择高亮等等。
|
||||
它改变了什么？所有你在桌面上有橙色元素的地方。所以，文件夹的颜色会被改变，以及日历条目、软件中心的标志、浏览器中的文本选择高亮等等。
|
||||
|
||||
![Effect of accent color change][4]
|
||||
|
||||
这段视频展示了所有强调色的作用。
|
||||
|
||||
你应该将颜色与浅色和深色主题混合。有些颜色在浅色主题下看起来不错，而有些则在深色主题下看起来更好。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
你应该将颜色与浅色和深色主题结合起来。有些颜色在浅色主题下看起来不错，而有些则在深色主题下看起来更好。
|
||||
|
||||
### 改变强调色还是坚持使用默认颜色？
|
||||
|
||||
@ -51,14 +55,14 @@ via: https://itsfoss.com/accent-color-ubuntu/
|
||||
作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://itsfoss.com/folder-color-ubuntu/
|
||||
[2]: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-22-04-release-features/
|
||||
[2]: https://linux.cn/article-14177-1.html
|
||||
[3]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/accent-colors-ubuntu-22-04.png?resize=800%2C572&ssl=1
|
||||
[4]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/changed-accent-color-ubuntu-22-04.png?resize=797%2C453&ssl=1
|
||||
[5]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/accent-colors-elementary-os-6.webp?resize=780%2C667&ssl=1
|
||||
@ -3,26 +3,24 @@
|
||||
[#]: author: "Justin Dorfman https://fedoramagazine.org/author/jdorfman/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: "wxy"
|
||||
[#]: publisher: "wxy"
|
||||
[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14434-1.html"
|
||||
|
||||
使用 Sourcegraph 搜索 34,000 多个 Fedora 仓库
|
||||
使用 Sourcegraph 搜索 34000 多个 Fedora 仓库
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
![][1]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
照片由 [Unsplash][3] 上的 [Markus Winkler][2] 提供
|
||||
在 2021 年 10 月，一个 Fedora Linux 用户 [问了一个关于许可的问题][4]。Fedora 项目负责人 Matthew Miller [回复道][5]：“我不能快速地检查（这个问题），因为我们没有一个完整的、庞大的、可搜索的存储库来检索 Fedora 中所有软件包。”
|
||||
|
||||
在 2021 年 10 月，一个 Fedora Linux 用户 [问了一个关于许可的问题][4]。Fedora 项目负责人 Matthew Miller [回复道][5]：“我不能快速地检查（这个问题），因为我们没有一个收录完整、使用广泛、可搜索的存储库来检索 Fedora 中所有软件包。”
|
||||
[接着他说][6]：“……或许我们可以付钱给 Sourcegraph，让他们帮我们做这个。他们看起来乐于助人。” 他说的没错，我们（Sourcegraph）的确是乐于助人，而且我们还不想要你的钱，相反，我们想与 Fedora 社区合作。
|
||||
|
||||
[接着他说][6]："......或许我们可以付钱给 Sourcegraph，让他们帮我们做这个。他们看起来是很好的人。" 他是对的，我们（Sourcegraph）的确是好人，但我们不想要你的钱。相反，我们想与 Fedora 社区合作。
|
||||
|
||||
Fedora 社区现在可以在他们的开源代码宇宙中尽情搜索 —— 目前有超过 34,000 个存储库，而且还在不断增加。
|
||||
Fedora 社区现在可以在他们的开源代码世界中尽情搜索 —— 目前有超过 34,000 个存储库，而且还在不断增加。
|
||||
|
||||
### 代码搜索简介
|
||||
|
||||
如果你还不熟悉 [代码搜索][7] 的概念，我现在就来告诉你。代码搜索可以让团队更快地适应一个新的代码库，并在里面找到答案，帮助团队识别安全风险，以及许多其他用例。Sourcegraph 已经在 GitHub 和 GitLab 等多个代码托管服务上，索引了 200 多万个存储库。本文只关注 src.fedoraproject.org 的代码搜索。Sourcegraph 同时提供了一个 [Web 应用][8] 和 [命令行客户端][9]。
|
||||
如果你还不熟悉 [代码搜索][7] 的概念，我现在就来告诉你。代码搜索可以让团队更快地掌握一个新的代码库，在里面找到答案，帮助团队识别安全风险，以及许多其他用例。Sourcegraph 已经在 GitHub 和 GitLab 等多个代码托管服务上，索引了 200 多万个存储库。本文只关注 src.fedoraproject.org 的代码搜索。Sourcegraph 同时提供了一个 [Web 应用][8] 和 [命令行客户端][9]。
|
||||
|
||||
### 使用 Web 应用
|
||||
|
||||
@ -32,74 +30,72 @@ Fedora 社区现在可以在他们的开源代码宇宙中尽情搜索 ——
|
||||
|
||||
下面我将提供几个使用 Web 应用程序进行搜索的例子，大家可能会对它们感兴趣。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 查找使用流行的 <ruby>经 OSI 批准的<rt>OSI-approved</rt></ruby> 许可证的存储库
|
||||
#### 查找使用流行的经 OSI 批准的许可证的存储库
|
||||
|
||||
下面的查询语句将扫描所有兼容 “<ruby>开源定义<rt>Open Source Definition</rt></ruby>”（OSD） 的软件存储库。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
repo:^src.fedoraproject.org/ lang:"RPM Spec" License: ^.*apache|bsd|gpl|lgpl|mit|mpl|cddl|epl.*$
|
||||
repo:^src.fedoraproject.org/ lang:"RPM Spec" License: ^.*apache|bsd|gpl|lgpl|mit|mpl|cddl|epl.*$
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
![许可证搜索][11]
|
||||
|
||||
[试试吧！][12]
|
||||
> [试一下！][12]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 查找带有 TODO 的文件
|
||||
|
||||
下面的查询语句将在 34,000 多个仓库中找到 TODO。对于那些希望为需要帮助的项目做出贡献的人来说，是一个非常棒的功能。
|
||||
下面的查询语句将在 34,000 多个仓库中找到 `TODO` 文件。对于那些希望为需要帮助的项目做出贡献的人来说，是一个非常棒的功能。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
repo:^src.fedoraproject.org/ "TODO"
|
||||
repo:^src.fedoraproject.org/ "TODO"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
![搜索 TODO][13]
|
||||
|
||||
[试试吧！][14]
|
||||
> [试一下！][14]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 查找 FTP 服务器上的文件
|
||||
|
||||
我的一个前同事告诉我 “FTP是一个死的协议”。真的是这样吗？你也可以在这个查询中加入任何其他协议，如 irc、https 等。
|
||||
我的一个前同事告诉我 “FTP 是一个死协议”。真的是这样吗？你也可以在这个查询中加入任何其他协议，如 irc、https 等。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
repo:^src.fedoraproject.org/ (?:ftp)://[A-Za-z0-9-]{0,63}(.[A-Za-z0-9-]{0,63})+(:d{1,4})?/*(/*[A-Za-z0-9-._]+/*)*(?.*)?(#.*)?
|
||||
repo:^src.fedoraproject.org/ (?:ftp)://[A-Za-z0-9-]{0,63}(.[A-Za-z0-9-]{0,63})+(:d{1,4})?/*(/*[A-Za-z0-9-._]+/*)*(?.*)?(#.*)?
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
![搜索协议][15]
|
||||
|
||||
[试试吧！][16]
|
||||
> [试一下！][16]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 查找使用有漏洞的 Log4j 版本的文件
|
||||
|
||||
这个查询语句将找到任何可能存在 CVE-2021-44228（也就是 Log4j）漏洞的文件（可能会有误报）。你也可以搜索其他漏洞，然后报告给项目维护者。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
repo:^src.fedoraproject.org/ org.apache.logging.log4j 2.((0|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|10|11|12|13|14|15)(.[0-9]+)) count:all
|
||||
repo:^src.fedoraproject.org/ org.apache.logging.log4j 2.((0|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|10|11|12|13|14|15)(.[0-9]+)) count:all
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
![搜索 log4j][17]
|
||||
|
||||
[试试吧！][18]
|
||||
> [试一下！][18]
|
||||
|
||||
### 使用命令行
|
||||
|
||||
Sourcegraph 还有一个叫做 [src][19] 的命令行客户端，它可以让你完成我刚才提到的所有事情。此外，它还有其他一些有用的命令。比如说，它可以把结果用 JSON 格式输出，方便你在编程中使用。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
src search -json 'repo:^src.fedoraproject.org/ lang:"RPM Spec" License: ^.*apache|bsd|g
|
||||
pl|lgpl|mit|mpl|cddl|epl.*$'
|
||||
src search -json 'repo:^src.fedoraproject.org/ lang:"RPM Spec" License: ^.*apache|bsd|gpl|lgpl|mit|mpl|cddl|epl.*$'
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 输出 JSON
|
||||
|
||||
![输出 JSON][20]
|
||||
|
||||
[试试吧！][21]
|
||||
> [试一下！][21]
|
||||
|
||||
### 搜索语法
|
||||
|
||||
就入门而言，上面的例子是很好的起点，但 Sourcegraph 还支持更多的查询语句。你可以 [查看所有的搜索查询语法][22]，并根据需要创建你自己的查询语句。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 总结
|
||||
|
||||
正如你所看到的，有了 Sourcegraph，Fedora Linux 社区现在可以快速搜索托管在 [src.fedoraproject.org][23] 上的所有代码，无论是使用普通查询还是复杂的正则查询。
|
||||
@ -114,8 +110,8 @@ via: https://fedoramagazine.org/using-sourcegraph-to-search-34000-fedora-reposit
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Justin Dorfman][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[lkxed]](https://github.com/lkxed)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[lkxed](https://github.com/lkxed)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "Collision: An Open-Source App to Check if Your Files Were Tampered With"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/collision/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "hwlife"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: "wxy"
|
||||
[#]: publisher: "wxy"
|
||||
[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14438-1.html"
|
||||
|
||||
Collision: 一个验证你的文件是否被篡改的开源应用
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
> 一个让你查看你的文件哈希值，以确定它不是恶意文件，并且确实来自真实来源的图形界面程序。
|
||||
|
||||
有人给你发送了一个文件，你怎样来证实它是给你的原件？你怎样来确定它没有被篡改过？
|
||||
|
||||
同时，你怎么证实这个文件是来自一个原始的真实来源。
|
||||
|
||||
这就是加密哈希的重要作用所在。如果用来验证一个文件，诸如 SHA-1 之类的哈希功能就是一个校验值。这能够帮助你确认文件是否已经被修改。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你感到好奇，你可以参考我们的 [在 Linux 中验证校验值的指南][1]。
|
||||
|
||||
对每个信息 / 文件来说，它们有一个唯一的哈希值（或者叫校验和）。所以，即使文件有一点点的改动，整个哈希值就会发生变化。
|
||||
|
||||
它主要用于加密中，每个文件 / 信息以哈希值安全的存储。假设一个攻击者掌握了存储哈希值（而不是真实信息）的数据库，他们也不能够知道其意义。加密可以使存储更加安全。
|
||||
|
||||
虽然讨论哈希超出了这篇文章的范围，但是了解它在验证文件完整性上是很有意义的。
|
||||
|
||||
### Collision：迅速的验证文件并发现恶意文件
|
||||
|
||||
![][2]
|
||||
|
||||
如果没有图形界面，你就得用终端去生成哈希值来比对 / 验证。
|
||||
|
||||
Collision 使它变的非常容易，不需要打开终端或者生成文件的校验值。如果你不了解的话，我们的 [在 Linux 中验证校验值的指南][1] 可以帮助到你。
|
||||
|
||||
当使用 Collision 时, 你只需要添加你要生成哈希值或者验证所需的文件即可。你只需点击几下便能够保护自己免受恶意或篡改文件的攻击。
|
||||
|
||||
我在截图中显示了个文本文件，你的文件在发送给其他人之前，你可以验证各种类型文件或为你的文件生成一个哈希值。你可以通过发给收件人分享你生成的哈希值，让他们验证你的文件。
|
||||
|
||||
![][3]
|
||||
|
||||
这是一款简单的开源应用，它只帮你做两件事情：
|
||||
|
||||
* 生成哈希值（SHA-1、MD5、SHA-256、SHA-516）
|
||||
* 通过直接使用文件或者校验值验证一个项目
|
||||
|
||||
### Collision 是怎么工作的
|
||||
|
||||
给你举个例子，我修改原来的文本文件，为其添加一个字母，然后尝试验证它。
|
||||
|
||||
下面是它的过程：
|
||||
|
||||
首先，你需要打开你要比对的原文件或者有校验值的原文件。
|
||||
|
||||
打开原文件生成哈希值，然后去验证区查看修改后的文件。
|
||||
|
||||
![][4]
|
||||
|
||||
你会注意到，它们俩个不是相同的：
|
||||
|
||||
![][5]
|
||||
|
||||
如果你在按校验值检查文件，首先，你要打开你要验证的文件（这儿是我们已经修改后的文件）。
|
||||
|
||||
![][6]
|
||||
|
||||
然后，输入文件的原始真实校验值。当然我们已经知道我们测试的是修改后的文件，结果是我们所期望的，即，**验证文件完整性失败**。
|
||||
|
||||
![][7]
|
||||
|
||||
### 在 Linux 安装 Collision
|
||||
|
||||
Collisions 主要是一个为 GNOME 定制的程序，但是它也适用于其他发行版上。
|
||||
|
||||
你可以使用 [Flatpak 可用软件包][8] 来安装它，或者浏览 GitHub 网页，从源码中编译它。如果你是 Linux 新手，你可以参考我们的 [Flatpak 指南][9] 来得到帮助。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你喜欢使用终端来安装，键入以下命令来安装：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
flatpak install flathub dev.geopjr.Collision
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
你也可以访问它的官方网站。
|
||||
|
||||
> [Collision][10]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/collision/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Ankush Das][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[hwlife](https://github.com/hwlife)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://itsfoss.com/checksum-tools-guide-linux/
|
||||
[2]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/collission-verify-true.png?resize=800%2C617&ssl=1
|
||||
[3]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/collision-hash-values.png?resize=800%2C617&ssl=1
|
||||
[4]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/collision-file-open.png?resize=800%2C328&ssl=1
|
||||
[5]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/collision-file-check.png?resize=800%2C620&ssl=1
|
||||
[6]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/collision-file-verify.png?resize=800%2C373&ssl=1
|
||||
[7]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/collision-input-checksum.png?resize=800%2C626&ssl=1
|
||||
[8]: https://flathub.org/apps/details/dev.geopjr.Collision
|
||||
[9]: https://itsfoss.com/flatpak-guide/
|
||||
[10]: https://collision.geopjr.dev/
|
||||
121
published/20220405 Here-s What Devs Are Planning for GNOME 43.md
Normal file
121
published/20220405 Here-s What Devs Are Planning for GNOME 43.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "Here’s What Devs Are Planning for GNOME 43"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/gnome-43-dev-plans/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: "wxy"
|
||||
[#]: publisher: "wxy"
|
||||
[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14440-1.html"
|
||||
|
||||
开发者对于 GNOME 43 的计划
|
||||
======
|
||||
> GNOME 43 及以后的开发计划令人振奋，以下是你可以期待的：……
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
GNOME 42 刚刚发布不久。
|
||||
|
||||
尽管它是 GNOME 41 之后的一次令人兴奋的升级，但你可能无法在每个主流 Linux 发行版上找到它（除了 OpenSUSE、Arch 和 Clear Linux）。
|
||||
|
||||
Fedora 36 和 Ubuntu 22.04 应该是采用 GNOME 42 的最受欢迎的选择，它们将在接下来的几周发布。
|
||||
|
||||
接下来是什么？没错，就是 **GNOME 43**。
|
||||
|
||||
### GNOME 43：计划中的新功能
|
||||
|
||||
在一篇 [博文][1] 中，GNOME 开发者 Chris Davis 分享了一些 GNOME 43 及之后版本计划中的变更。
|
||||
|
||||
我在这里介绍其中的一些主要亮点。
|
||||
|
||||
> 请注意，这里提到的计划变更或改进可能会在 GNOME 43 中首次亮相，也可能不会。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 全局强调色
|
||||
|
||||
![Ubuntu 22.04 Beta 中的强调色][2]
|
||||
|
||||
随着 Libadwaita 的引入，现在有可能增加一个全局强调色的功能。
|
||||
|
||||
你不必依赖发行版来提供使用强调色的能力（比如 [Ubuntu 22.04 中添加了这个功能][3]）。
|
||||
|
||||
有了强调色，GNOME 桌面体验可以更加个性化。此外，它将不仅仅局限于预设，同时也支持自定义强调色，应用开发者可以考虑支持它。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 重新着色 API
|
||||
|
||||
![][4]
|
||||
|
||||
这对终端用户来说可能不是特别有趣，但它将帮助应用开发者提供预设的颜色方案，让他们的应用更好地协调各种强调色。
|
||||
|
||||
正如这篇博文所说：
|
||||
|
||||
> 开发者可以使用重新着色 API，以编程方式改变他们应用程序中的颜色，并让依赖的颜色自动更新。他们将能够轻松地创建预设，从而实现许多功能。例如，根据文本视图的颜色方案来改变窗口的显示颜色。
|
||||
|
||||
有了 libadwaita 1.0 中的 CSS，这在技术上已经可以实现。然而，API 可以帮助开发者更容易地使用这个功能。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 自适应的 Nautilus 文件管理器
|
||||
|
||||
![][5]
|
||||
|
||||
Nautius 文件管理器将得到一些升级，比如针对移动尺寸的自适应设计，其中包含一个新的文件选择器模式。
|
||||
|
||||
它将帮助 GNOME 平台跟上新功能，而不需要依赖 GTK 的文件选择器，因为它不支持 GNOME 的所有功能，比如收藏文件。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 新的图片浏览器（Loupe）和屏幕截图注释
|
||||
|
||||
一个新的图片浏览器正在开发中，名字叫 Loupe。它由 Rust 编写，使用了 GTK4 和 libadwaita。
|
||||
|
||||
![][6]
|
||||
|
||||
这个图片浏览器的目标是自适应、对触摸板和触摸屏友好，并且易于使用。你可以期待它与 Nautilus 集成，以遵循文件管理器中任何文件夹的排序设置。
|
||||
|
||||
除了系统集成之外，新的图片浏览器还将会有一些功能升级，主要是在基本的图片编辑方面，比如剪裁、旋转和注释。
|
||||
|
||||
![][7]
|
||||
|
||||
有了注释的能力，它可以与截图流程很好地配合，允许你在没有任何第三方程序的情况下进行屏幕截图并进行注释。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 磁盘使用情况分析器的新设计（用 Rust 重写）
|
||||
|
||||
磁盘使用情况分析器目前是用 Vala 编写的。
|
||||
|
||||
虽然它能完成预期的工作，但是按照现在的实现方式，它不具备很大的潜力。
|
||||
|
||||
![磁盘使用情况分析器的设计演示图，图源：Allan Day][8]
|
||||
|
||||
因此，开发计划中包括了使用 Rust 来重写它，这应该会在可预见的未来改善它，提供最好的性能。
|
||||
|
||||
![磁盘使用情况分析器的设计模型，图源：Allan Day][9]
|
||||
|
||||
不仅仅局限于其核心，它还将得到一个设计上的大调整（类似于上面的演示图），以争取让用户体验更加现代化。
|
||||
|
||||
### 其他改进措施
|
||||
|
||||
随着开发的进行，我们应该会知道更多关于 GNOME 外观和其他方面计划中的变更。
|
||||
|
||||
当我们了解到更多关于 GNOME 43 的功能时，我将会更新这篇文章。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你对技术细节感到好奇，你可以阅读 [Chris 的博文][1]。你也可以赞助他为 GNOME 做的工作，以及其他任何相关的东西。
|
||||
|
||||
你期待中的 GNOME 43 是什么样的？请在下面的评论中分享你的想法吧！
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://news.itsfoss.com/gnome-43-dev-plans/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Ankush Das][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[lkxed](https://github.com/lkxed)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://blogs.gnome.org/christopherdavis/2022/04/03/plans-for-gnome-43-and-beyond/
|
||||
[2]: https://i0.wp.com/news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/ubuntu-22-04-dark-mode.png?w=1155&ssl=1
|
||||
[3]: https://news.itsfoss.com/ubuntu-22-04-accent-color/
|
||||
[4]: https://i0.wp.com/news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/recoloring-api-gnome-43.png?w=768&ssl=1
|
||||
[5]: https://i0.wp.com/news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/nautilus-gnome-43-plan.png?w=768&ssl=1
|
||||
[6]: https://i0.wp.com/news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/image-viewer-gnome-43.png?w=722&ssl=1
|
||||
[7]: https://i0.wp.com/news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/ubuntu-22-04-screenshot-ui.jpg?w=800&ssl=1
|
||||
[8]: https://i0.wp.com/news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/disk-usage-analyser-gnome-43.png?w=763&ssl=1
|
||||
[9]: https://i0.wp.com/news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/disk-usage-analyser-gnome-43-1.png?w=759&ssl=1
|
||||
@ -1,107 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "Asahi Linux Distro Improves Apple M1 Support With First Alpha Release"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/asahi-linux-alpha/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Jacob Crume https://news.itsfoss.com/author/jacob/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
Asahi Linux Distro Improves Apple M1 Support With First Alpha Release
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
In 2020, Apple unveiled the M1 at the WWDC event. This reveal brought significant performance improvements and better power efficiency, although it did have one major drawback.
|
||||
|
||||
This was the software support, as it meant that it was no longer possible to boot a “normal” X86 distro on new Apple Mac devices with an M1 ARM chip. Hence, the Asahi Linux project (based on Arch) was born, with the aim to develop all the drivers and tools necessary to make a working Linux installation on Apple’s ARM-based Macs.
|
||||
|
||||
Now, after more than a year of work, the [Asahi Linux project][1] has finally [released][2] its first **Alpha version**, which introduces Linux support for Apple M1 devices.
|
||||
|
||||
It is still an alpha release for obvious reasons. But, we will be looking at what you need to know if you ever wanted to run Linux on your Apple M1 machine.
|
||||
|
||||
### Supported Devices
|
||||
|
||||
Surprisingly, this alpha release already has support for M1, M1 Pro, and M1 Max SoCs (except for the Mac Studio)! Although different devices with these chips do have varying levels of support, a lot of stuff is already working.
|
||||
|
||||
Some of the key hardware that works in this release includes:
|
||||
|
||||
* Wi-Fi
|
||||
* USB 2.0
|
||||
* USB 3.0 on the Mac Mini
|
||||
* Built-in display on the MacBook Air and Pro
|
||||
* Built-in touchpad and keyboard
|
||||
* Ethernet
|
||||
* HDMI output on the Mac Mini
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
The result is a reasonably usable desktop Linux experience, with many of the incredible features of Apple Silicon.
|
||||
|
||||
Unfortunately, some key features are still missing, most notably the **CPU deep sleep mode, DisplayPort, Touchbar, Bluetooth, Camera, Thunderbolt, HDMI output on MacBooks, and GPU acceleration**.
|
||||
|
||||
This shouldn’t impact desktop use too much but should be kept in mind.
|
||||
|
||||
### App Problems
|
||||
|
||||
Of course, you should not expect every application to work seamlessly. And, that’s the case with Asahi Linux on Apple M1 hardware. This is limited only to apps that have problems with 16K page registers, although some of these apps are quite popular.
|
||||
|
||||
As the base for the most popular web browsers, I was quite surprised to find Chromium on the “known broken list”. While this may be rather off-putting for some users, Firefox does work, so users are still able to access the web.
|
||||
|
||||
Other apps confirmed to be broken include:
|
||||
|
||||
* Emacs (will be fixed in next few releases)
|
||||
* Anything that use jemalloc (notably Rust)
|
||||
* Anything using Libunwind
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
While not ideal, the software affected is only a small portion of Linux apps, so it shouldn’t be too much of a concern.
|
||||
|
||||
### Installing Asahi Linux on Apple M1
|
||||
|
||||
![][3]
|
||||
|
||||
Although we haven’t focused very much on the working parts of Asahi Linux, it shouldn’t be forgotten that it is a monumental achievement to get something working on a closed platform like the Apple Silicon Macs.
|
||||
|
||||
If you want to give Asahi Linux a try, there are a few different variants you can install.
|
||||
|
||||
I would recommend installing Asahi Linux with a full desktop environment for most users. This will be best for desktop use, and already contains customizations and optimizations to provide the best user experience.
|
||||
|
||||
However, the Asahi Linux team understands that some users want more customization, which is why they provide a minimal version as well. This is simply a basic Arch Linux ARM install, which means that you are free to do whatever you would like with it.
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, they also provide a basic UEFI environment for booting other distros and OSs (with appropriate driver support). One interesting use for this is to boot OpenBSD, which one of the developers behind Asahi Linux, Mark Kettenis, is working on porting.
|
||||
|
||||
Before you get started, it should be noted that you need that least 53 GB of free space.
|
||||
|
||||
Once you have decided on an option, it is extremely easy to get Asahi Linux dual-booted with macOS with the command below.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
curl https://alx.sh | sh
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
It should give you all the instructions you need along the way. You should have a working Linux installation on your M1/M1 Pro/M1 Max computer if done correctly!
|
||||
|
||||
**Note:** The installation does not replace macOS with Linux. So, you get a dual-boot system at the end. You cannot easily uninstall it using the installer. However, you can simply delete the disk partition created by it.
|
||||
|
||||
You can learn more about it in its [official announcement post][2].
|
||||
|
||||
[Asahi Linux][4]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://news.itsfoss.com/asahi-linux-alpha/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Jacob Crume][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/jacob/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/asahi-linux-announcement/
|
||||
[2]: https://asahilinux.org/2022/03/asahi-linux-alpha-release/
|
||||
[3]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjQzOSIgd2lkdGg9Ijc4MCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=
|
||||
[4]: https://asahilinux.org/
|
||||
@ -1,101 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "Linux Mint Debian Edition (LMDE) 5 is Here with Debian 11 ‘Bullseye’"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/lmde-5-release/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
Linux Mint Debian Edition (LMDE) 5 is Here with Debian 11 ‘Bullseye’
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
Linux Mint’s offering with Debian is always an exciting release to look forward to.
|
||||
|
||||
In case you did not know, LMDE is meant to act as a replacement if Ubuntu ever disappears. So, whether you like or hate Ubuntu as a base, you have an impressive alternative without compromising the Linux Mint experience on your desktop.
|
||||
|
||||
With the latest LMDE 5 “Elsie”, the Linux Mint team has included all the goodies introduced in [Linux Mint 20.3][1] and [Debian 11 “Bullseye”][2] as its base.
|
||||
|
||||
Let me highlight the essential details regarding the new upgrade.
|
||||
|
||||
### Linux Mint Debian Edition 5 “Elsie”: What’s New?
|
||||
|
||||
![][3]
|
||||
|
||||
As you can guess, Linux Mint Debian Edition 5 comes loaded with Cinnamon as its desktop and looks exactly the same as Linux Mint’s primary offering with Ubuntu as its base.
|
||||
|
||||
### Cinnamon 5.2.7
|
||||
|
||||
Unlike Linux Mint’s main edition, you do not get the option for other desktop environments.
|
||||
|
||||
![][4]
|
||||
|
||||
So, you will have a Cinnamon desktop out-of-the-box with LMDE 5. The latest Cinnamon version includes plenty of improvements to give you a good user experience.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 32-bit Support Still Exists
|
||||
|
||||
If you are looking for [Linux distributions supporting 32-bit systems][5], LMDE 5 is yet another option that you can opt for.
|
||||
|
||||
While it may be irrelevant for most modern desktop users, it is still essential for Linux distributions to support 32-bit systems.
|
||||
|
||||
And, it is a good thing that Linux Mint’s Debian edition still includes support for it.
|
||||
|
||||
### Linux Kernel 5.10 LTS
|
||||
|
||||
[Linux Kernel 5.10][6] may not be the latest LTS release but it should be great for most hardware configurations (unless you have the latest and greatest from Intel/AMD).
|
||||
|
||||
![][7]
|
||||
|
||||
### Linux Mint 20.3 Improvements
|
||||
|
||||
With LMDE 5, the Linux Mint team has tried their best to add all the improvements [introduced in Linux Mint 20.3][1], with a new Debian base.
|
||||
|
||||
![][8]
|
||||
|
||||
You can notice the availability of new wallpaper backgrounds and get the latest app additions like “Thingy” or “Library” to manage documents.
|
||||
|
||||
In addition to the features, you also get to experience the same visual refresh to the theme with round edges, and slight changes to the theme color.
|
||||
|
||||
### Download LMDE 5
|
||||
|
||||
Before proceeding to install it, you may want to go through the [official release notes][9] to know about some common issues.
|
||||
|
||||
You can download the 64-bit or 32-bit ISO file from the [official site][10].
|
||||
|
||||
[Linux Mint Debian Edition 5][10]
|
||||
|
||||
If you were using [LMDE 5 beta][11], you do not need to upgrade, but type in a few commands, as per the instructions in the [release announcement][12]:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
apt install network-manager-config-connectivity-debian plymouth-label pipewire plocate
|
||||
apt remove mlocate brltty
|
||||
sudo updatedb
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://news.itsfoss.com/lmde-5-release/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Ankush Das][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/linux-mint-20-3-una-release/
|
||||
[2]: https://news.itsfoss.com/debian-11-feature/
|
||||
[3]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjQ0MCIgd2lkdGg9Ijc4MCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=
|
||||
[4]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjYxNCIgd2lkdGg9Ijc4MCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=
|
||||
[5]: https://itsfoss.com/32-bit-linux-distributions/
|
||||
[6]: https://news.itsfoss.com/kernel-5-10-release/
|
||||
[7]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjQ5NyIgd2lkdGg9IjY5NyIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=
|
||||
[8]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjU0NiIgd2lkdGg9Ijc4MCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=
|
||||
[9]: https://linuxmint.com/rel_elsie.php
|
||||
[10]: https://www.linuxmint.com/edition.php?id=297
|
||||
[11]: https://news.itsfoss.com/lmde-5-beta/
|
||||
[12]: https://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=4287
|
||||
@ -1,94 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "KeePassXC 2.7.0 is a Massive Upgrade with Tags, Improved Auto-Type, and Windows Hello Support"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/keepassxc-2-7-0-release/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Rishabh Moharir https://news.itsfoss.com/author/rishabh/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
KeePassXC 2.7.0 is a Massive Upgrade with Tags, Improved Auto-Type, and Windows Hello Support
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
[KeePassXC][1], the open-source password manager, has just got a major upgrade, one that includes some new exciting features and improvements
|
||||
|
||||
For those unaware, KeePassXC is the community fork of the classic KeePassX.
|
||||
|
||||
KeePassXC is a cross-platform password manager available for Linux, Windows, and macOS. It is built using Qt5 libraries. Moreover, it uses the same database format (.kdbx) as [KeePass][2] (Windows-only password manager).
|
||||
|
||||
It also happens to be [one of the best password managers for Linux][3].
|
||||
|
||||
Let us look at some of the major highlights of the new release.
|
||||
|
||||
### What’s New?
|
||||
|
||||
With KeePassXC 2.7.0, you can expect massive changes. Considering a fairly long changelog, I have listed the most significant changes below.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Entry Tags
|
||||
|
||||
A much-needed feature and one that users most requested, password entries can now be easily tagged and filtered. Moreover, relevant tags will automatically be generated for entries to highlight databases with expired or weak passwords.
|
||||
|
||||
![Credits: KeePassXC][4]
|
||||
|
||||
A new Tags sub-section has been added under the General tab that displays a row of assigned tags for info on individual entries.
|
||||
|
||||
There’s also a dedicated quick selection section, “Database Tags” (as shown in the screenshot above), that will help users filter results based on selected tags.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Browser Statistics
|
||||
|
||||
The all-new Browser Statistics tab is a new entry to the already existing database reports. It allows users to view and edit entries used by the browser extension.
|
||||
|
||||
You can find the path and the URL listed.
|
||||
|
||||
![Credits: KeePassXC][5]
|
||||
|
||||
#### Improved Auto-Type
|
||||
|
||||
A separate **Auto-Type** selection dialog has been introduced for users, especially power users, to quickly and efficiently search entries across databases.
|
||||
|
||||
Along with supporting the built-in search syntax, it also allows users to copy data to the clipboard and enter TOTP codes.
|
||||
|
||||
![Credits: KeePassXC][6]
|
||||
|
||||
#### Other Key Additions
|
||||
|
||||
The history of individual entries highlights changes made to fields, letting you quickly identify and revert changes.
|
||||
|
||||
Linux users can find improvements made to Secret Service integration and the CLI. On the other hand, Windows and Apple users will be delighted to know that the password manager now supports Windows Hello and macOS Touch ID for quick unlock.
|
||||
|
||||
Another interesting thing to note, the crypto backend has now been switched to [Botan][7].
|
||||
|
||||
There have been several bug fixes and under-the-hood improvements; you can find more details in the [official changelog][8].
|
||||
|
||||
### Wrapping Up
|
||||
|
||||
KeePassXC 2.7.0 looks like a promising release, and privacy-focused users should expect a neater experience thanks to a couple of new features.
|
||||
|
||||
The convenience of interacting/copying data to sign in to an online account has improved with the changes. So, you might want to give it a try if you haven’t already.
|
||||
|
||||
Users can download KeePassXC by heading to their [official download page][9]. You can find AppImage file, Snap package, Flatpak package, distro-specific packages, and you can also install it using Ubuntu PPA.
|
||||
|
||||
[Download KeePassXC 2.7.0][9]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://news.itsfoss.com/keepassxc-2-7-0-release/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Rishabh Moharir][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/rishabh/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://keepassxc.org/
|
||||
[2]: https://keepass.info/
|
||||
[3]: https://itsfoss.com/password-managers-linux/
|
||||
[4]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjU4NyIgd2lkdGg9Ijc4MCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=
|
||||
[5]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjU1MyIgd2lkdGg9Ijc4MCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=
|
||||
[6]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjQ4MCIgd2lkdGg9Ijc4MCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=
|
||||
[7]: https://github.com/randombit/botan
|
||||
[8]: https://github.com/keepassxreboot/keepassxc/releases/tag/2.7.0
|
||||
[9]: https://keepassxc.org/download/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "Maui Shell’s First Alpha Release Looks Promising"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/maui-shell-alpha-release/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
Maui Shell’s First Alpha Release Looks Promising
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
Even before its release, [Maui shell][1] has been praised as the future of the Linux desktop user interface.
|
||||
|
||||
And, for all the right reasons:
|
||||
|
||||
It attempts to bring convergence to the mainstream, just like Canonical tried with Unity. Regarding looks, you get modern aesthetics inspired by various existing desktop experiences.
|
||||
|
||||
Overall, it could provide a good desktop experience thanks to various KDE technologies being used under the hood.
|
||||
|
||||
If you didn’t know already, the team behind [Nitrux OS][2] is developing the Maui shell.
|
||||
|
||||
Recently, they announced the first alpha release of the shell. Let me mention the key highlights of the release.
|
||||
|
||||
### Maui Shell Alpha: What’s New?
|
||||
|
||||
![][3]
|
||||
|
||||
With the first alpha release, they focus on introducing missing features and fixing some of the biggest issues found with the initial testing.
|
||||
|
||||
You can check out Jacob’s [first impressions on using Maui shell on a Linux phone][4] if you are curious.
|
||||
|
||||
While it is still the “alpha” release, numerous problems experienced by early testers and developers may have been fixed.
|
||||
|
||||
Some of the most significant changes include:
|
||||
|
||||
#### Improving Cask
|
||||
|
||||
**Cask** is the shell container with elements like cards, popups, panels, dock, and more.
|
||||
|
||||
The first alpha release focused more on improving Cask.
|
||||
|
||||
![][5]
|
||||
|
||||
The panel now includes the ability to handle sound, Bluetooth, dark mode, brightness, dark mode, and media controls.
|
||||
|
||||
Media control has a new look and can be expanded to get more options.
|
||||
|
||||
The dock and launcher also received some visual tweaks, with subtle shadows/bold text. You will notice the most used apps on the first page of the launcher, along with the categories and quick access.
|
||||
|
||||
They mention that it will be configurable for the users.
|
||||
|
||||
There’s also an option to enable an adaptive color scheme, where the shell takes colors from wallpaper and change it to light/dark mode.
|
||||
|
||||
While you can also toggle light/dark mode manually, it only works with the adaptive color feature disabled.
|
||||
|
||||
![][6]
|
||||
|
||||
In addition to all this, you will also find improvements to the panel cards, session cards, and notification cards.
|
||||
|
||||
![][7]
|
||||
|
||||
#### Functionality Upgrades
|
||||
|
||||
A new session startup program called “**starcask-wayland**” is in place to set up all the necessary parts before launching the shell, including autostart services, setting environment variables, etc.
|
||||
|
||||
You will also find a new [PolKit][8] agent added to handle authentication.
|
||||
|
||||
The release note also mentions the backend stack being used for all the new functionalities introduced:
|
||||
|
||||
* BlueDevil, to handle Bluetooth connections
|
||||
* Plasma-nm for Network connections
|
||||
* KSolid
|
||||
* KIO for file manager functions
|
||||
* PulseAudio
|
||||
* MauiKit
|
||||
* Kirigami
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### Other Improvements
|
||||
|
||||
This alpha release involves setting up the most basic functionalities needed in a modern desktop experience.
|
||||
|
||||
Things like calendar integration are still in progress, and the overall completion of Cask (or the Shell container) is expected to be complete with its beta release in the future.
|
||||
|
||||
The beta release is expected in **June**, with the final stable release scheduled for **September**.
|
||||
|
||||
You can learn more about the technical changes, known issues, how you can contribute, and more details in its [official announcement post][9].
|
||||
|
||||
### How to Test Maui Shell Alpha Release?
|
||||
|
||||
You will have to wait for the next Nitrux release or build it from the source if you want to get your hands on the first alpha release of Maui shell.
|
||||
|
||||
Note that you should not try it on your production system, considering the shell is in heavy development.
|
||||
|
||||
You can refer to the [announcement][9] for testing instructions or explore the [GitHub page][10].
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://news.itsfoss.com/maui-shell-alpha-release/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Ankush Das][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/maui-shell-unveiled/
|
||||
[2]: https://news.itsfoss.com/reasons-to-try-nitrux-os/
|
||||
[3]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjUwNyIgd2lkdGg9Ijc4MCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=
|
||||
[4]: https://news.itsfoss.com/tested-maui-shell/
|
||||
[5]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjQ1NCIgd2lkdGg9Ijc4MCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=
|
||||
[6]: https://i0.wp.com/i.ytimg.com/vi/8WVkcMONYd0/hqdefault.jpg?w=780&ssl=1
|
||||
[7]: https://i0.wp.com/i.ytimg.com/vi/xmJjsR8_-pQ/hqdefault.jpg?w=780&ssl=1
|
||||
[8]: https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Polkit
|
||||
[9]: https://nxos.org/maui/maui-shell-alpha-release/
|
||||
[10]: https://github.com/Nitrux/maui-shell/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "Pop OS 22.04 LTS – New Features and Release Updates"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/pop-os-22-04-lts/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
Pop OS 22.04 LTS – New Features and Release Updates
|
||||
======
|
||||
System76 released the Pop OS 22.04 LTS Beta copy on GitHub. We unwrap
|
||||
the new features and updates in this post.
|
||||
System76 released the Pop OS 22.04 LTS Beta copy on GitHub. We unwrap the new features and updates in this post.
|
||||
|
||||
System76’s POP OS is based on Ubuntu releases, and the [Ubuntu 22.04 LTS release][1] is around the corner. Following the release schedule, the beta ISO of Pop OS 22.04 is now available for download and test on GitHub. The BETA ISO is not stable yet, but you can download and do some hands-on to find out the new features.
|
||||
|
||||
### POP OS 22.04 LTS – New Features
|
||||
|
||||
![Pop OS 22.04 Desktop \(beta\)][2]
|
||||
|
||||
The major highlight of Ubuntu 22.04 LTS is the customized version of GNOME 42. Because the vanilla GNOME 42 brings the libadwaita/GT4 conversion of entire GNOME Core and native applications. But Ubuntu 22.04 LTS plans to include some of them with its unique flavours, such as Accent Color.
|
||||
|
||||
Obviously, you might be wondering how GNOME 42 looks inside Pop OS 22.04. The Cosmic desktop in POP OS 22.04 features GNOME 42 at its core. But it is heavily stripped-down to align with Cosmic desktop principles.
|
||||
|
||||
The GNOME Shell version is 42 with a mixture of applications versions. For instance, the look and feel remained almost the same as earlier releases of Pop OS, such as the buttons, colour pallets, rounded corners, menus, etc. In the same way, this LTS version has Gedit 41.0 – that means the new GNOME Text editor is not included, nor is the new GNOME Terminal.
|
||||
|
||||
Files 42 in this release look almost the same as earlier versions. However, the Files get its latest version, 42, with all of its core features, not the looks. For example, the stock Files 42 has new folder icons, compact spacing of widgets and new menus. But the Files 42 in Cosmic desktop retained its own folder icons and colours.
|
||||
|
||||
![Files in Pop OS 22.04][3]
|
||||
|
||||
In addition to that, the newly designed Dark, Light theme support with auto wallpaper change is not picked up. Because Pop OS already had the Light/Dark theme support for quite some time since the inception of the Cosmic Desktop.
|
||||
|
||||
Another critical application GNOME Settings (gnome-control-center) version remained at 41.1, which means the massive uplift of the Settings app with GNOME 42, is not available with additional features. Clearly, it is understandable from the Pop OS team’s decision because the gnome-control-center version 42 is a complex converted application to libadwaita and GTK4 with many features. Some of those features are built-in in the Pop OS via different means (such as the Light/Dark theme switcher).
|
||||
|
||||
[][1]
|
||||
|
||||
SEE ALSO: Ubuntu 22.04 LTS "Jammy Jellyfish" - New Features and Release Details
|
||||
|
||||
#### Summary of the changes
|
||||
|
||||
Therefore a summary of the apps and their versions are as follows
|
||||
|
||||
* Linux Kernel 5.16
|
||||
* Based on Ubuntu 22.04
|
||||
* GNOME Shell 42
|
||||
* GNOME Settings 41.4
|
||||
* Firefox 98
|
||||
* GNOME Terminal 3.43.9
|
||||
* GEdit 41.4
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Apart from this, there are no other significant changes in the Pop OS installer. Although Ubuntu 22.04 LTS uses Linux Kernel 5.15, Pop OS 22.04 LTS have the Linux Kernel 5.16.
|
||||
|
||||
I could not find a changelog published, so I assumed these were the visible changes that caught my eye.
|
||||
|
||||
### How to download Pop OS 22.04?
|
||||
|
||||
I would recommend you not do an upgrade at this time. Because of the BETA ISO image which I tried, it is extremely buggy. There are many boot problems, installation failure, updates breaking the boot process and Cosmic desktop freeze problems.
|
||||
|
||||
So, when I took a look at the [GITHUB BETA issue list][4], I was confident that it’s not yet stable, being a BETA copy. And to write this article, I had to spend a couple of hours getting it installed in [virt-manager.][5] Because the first time it got installed perfectly, I did an upgrade, and it broke the installation. So I had to re-install again.
|
||||
|
||||
That said, if you still want to test, get a hands-on or contribute to the testing, download the ISO image from the link down below. You can try it in a virtual machine or a physical system. But prepare yourself for some issues and report them when you find any.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Release timeline?
|
||||
|
||||
Well, Pop OS follows their releases after the stable release of Ubuntu. Therefore, an optimistic release timeline should be after April 21, 2022. Looking at the past release history, the Pop OS 22.04 should release between May and June 2022 as a stable release.
|
||||
|
||||
You can download the ISO of Pop OS 22.04 from the below links:
|
||||
|
||||
* [ISO][6]
|
||||
* [SHA256SUMS][7]
|
||||
* [SHA256SUMS.gpg][8]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
* [ISO][9]
|
||||
* [SHA256SUMS][10]
|
||||
* [SHA256SUMS.gpg][11]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
_Via GitHub Beta [announcement][12]_
|
||||
|
||||
Cheers.
|
||||
|
||||
* * *
|
||||
|
||||
We bring the latest tech, software news and stuff that matters. Stay in touch via [Telegram][13], [Twitter][14], [YouTube][15], and [Facebook][16] and never miss an update!
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/pop-os-22-04-lts/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Arindam][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/ubuntu-22-04-lts/
|
||||
[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Pop-OS-22.04-Desktop-beta-1024x576.jpg
|
||||
[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Files-in-Pop-OS-22.04.jpg
|
||||
[4]: https://github.com/pop-os/beta/issues
|
||||
[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2020/11/virt-manager/
|
||||
[6]: https://pop-iso.sfo2.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/22.04/amd64/intel/1/pop-os_22.04_amd64_intel_1.iso
|
||||
[7]: https://pop-iso.sfo2.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/22.04/amd64/intel/1/SHA256SUMS
|
||||
[8]: https://pop-iso.sfo2.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/22.04/amd64/intel/1/SHA256SUMS.gpg
|
||||
[9]: https://pop-iso.sfo2.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/22.04/amd64/nvidia/1/pop-os_22.04_amd64_nvidia_1.iso
|
||||
[10]: https://pop-iso.sfo2.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/22.04/amd64/nvidia/1/SHA256SUMS
|
||||
[11]: https://pop-iso.sfo2.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/22.04/amd64/nvidia/1/SHA256SUMS.gpg
|
||||
[12]: https://github.com/pop-os/beta
|
||||
[13]: https://t.me/debugpoint
|
||||
[14]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint
|
||||
[15]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1
|
||||
[16]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "Xfce Terminal 1.0.0 is a Feature-Packed Major Upgrade After a Year"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/xfce-terminal-1-0-0-release/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Jacob Crume https://news.itsfoss.com/author/jacob/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "geelpi"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
Xfce Terminal 1.0.0 is a Feature-Packed Major Upgrade After a Year
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
The popular terminal emulator found on almost all Xfce-powered distributions, Xfce Terminal has just released its first major upgrade under a new maintainer (and a new versioning scheme).
|
||||
|
||||
Let us take a look at some highlights of the release.
|
||||
|
||||
### New Maintainer & Versioning Scheme
|
||||
|
||||
Igor Zakharov was leading the development from 2016 until 2020. Unfortunately, it was left unmaintained in 2021 when the new maintainer, [Sergios][1] Anestis Kefalidis (also a developer of Thunar file manager), took over the responsibility.
|
||||
|
||||
And, since Sergios took over the project, the versioning scheme has changed. After consultation with the community, Thunar’s old versioning scheme was adopted.
|
||||
|
||||
For instance, version 1.1.x will be the development release, and 1.2.0 will be the next major upgrade.
|
||||
|
||||
Now, with the release of Xfce Terminal 1.0.0, a number of exciting new features have been packed in.
|
||||
|
||||
### New Features
|
||||
|
||||
Some new features in Xfce Terminal 1.0.0 include:
|
||||
|
||||
* Improved customization options
|
||||
* Overlay scrollbar support
|
||||
* Command-line option improvements
|
||||
* More use of XfceTitledDialog
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### Better Customization Options
|
||||
|
||||
As with many application updates these days, Xfce Terminal 1.0.0 includes plenty of new customization options. Perhaps my favorite, the image background feature now has a ‘Fill’ style option. This is accompanied by the ability to temporarily disable the unsafe paste dialog, which has also been revamped.
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, XFCE Terminal has also become one of the first apps to support the new XFCE shortcuts editor. As a result, users no longer need to dive into configuration files, instead of being given a simple UI to use.
|
||||
|
||||
![][2]
|
||||
|
||||
With so many new customization options, I’m sure many people would be happy with a release containing just these. But alas! The developer has managed to squeeze in yet more exciting new features, the next of which is the improved command-line arguments.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Better Command Line Arguments
|
||||
|
||||
With this release, ‘–tab’ and ‘–window’ command line arguments have been fixed to be more intuitive. This fixes a rather [longstanding bug][3] in XFCE Terminal that has been known for almost 6 years.
|
||||
|
||||
Despite the long wait, it has now been fixed. Better late than never, eh?
|
||||
|
||||
Anyway, it is always great to see bugs squashed with every new release, and this trend continues here.
|
||||
|
||||
#### More Use Of Xfce-Specific Widgets
|
||||
|
||||
Although I’m sure many users will probably see this as a downgrade, XFCE Terminal’s use of more XFCE-specific widgets brings numerous advantages. While it does mean more dependencies for non-XFCE users, it means better integration with XFCE.
|
||||
|
||||
It is safe to say that most of the Xfce terminal users stick to the same desktop environment. So, this change should result in greater consistency and UX improvements.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Other Changes
|
||||
|
||||
Other changes in this release include:
|
||||
|
||||
* ‘Scrolling on ouput’ preference improvements
|
||||
* Right-click behavior customization options
|
||||
* Code reworking for a smaller codebase
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
For a full list of features, feel free to refer to the [release notes][4]. The release notes also mention future plans for the next major release, v1.2.0.
|
||||
|
||||
### Wrapping Up
|
||||
|
||||
Overall, Xfce Terminal 1.0.0 is looking to be a great release and goes to show the dedication of its new maintainer.
|
||||
|
||||
If you want to try Xfce Terminal 1.0.0, it should be landing in your distribution’s repositories in the following weeks, if not already.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://news.itsfoss.com/xfce-terminal-1-0-0-release/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Jacob Crume][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/jacob/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCu8-J-XWcXQhoCopBiJ5-uw/videos
|
||||
[2]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjUwOSIgd2lkdGg9Ijc4MCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=
|
||||
[3]: https://bugzilla.xfce.org/show_bug.cgi?id=12926
|
||||
[4]: http://users.uoa.gr/~sdi1800073/sources/xfce_blog12.html
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "Linux Mint 21 Code Name Announced with New Upgrade Utility and More"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/linux-mint-21-announcement/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
Linux Mint 21 Code Name Announced with New Upgrade Utility and More
|
||||
======
|
||||
THE MINT TEAM ANNOUNCED THE UPCOMING LINUX MINT 21 CODENAME, A UTILITY
|
||||
FOR EASY UPGRADE AND WARPINATOR USE CASES THAT STUNS THE TEAM.
|
||||
### Linux Mint 21 Announcement and Other Updates
|
||||
|
||||
Firstly, Linux Mint 21 code name is “Vanessa”, and it will be based on [Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Jammy Jellyfish][1]. As usual, it will feature its three flagship versions: Xfce, Cinnamon, and MATE.
|
||||
|
||||
Secondly, it is evident that the Mint team chooses Ubuntu 22.04 LTS as the base of Linux Mint 21 for long term support, and it will feature the [Linux Kernel 5.15,][2] which is LTS Kernel.
|
||||
|
||||
In addition to that, the project leader Clement Lefebvre announced [a new upgrade utility][3] (mintupgrade2) that will make life easier for people planning to upgrade to Linux Mint 21. Historically, upgrading to major versions of Mint is a complex terminal-driven process and generally difficult for average users.
|
||||
|
||||
![Mint upgrade 2 utility announced with Linux Mint 21][4]
|
||||
|
||||
So, looking at the user base, it is a significant step for the team to develop this utility for their users. Clement Lefebvre promises that the new utility will be completely graphical, have manageable steps and instructions to follow, localization with language, armed with pre-checks for the complex upgrade processes, configurable and easy to understand instructions to users.
|
||||
|
||||
This tool will be the primary utility for Linux Mint 20 to 21 upgrade when released around the May-June timeframe. Moreover, the new utility promises to give you warnings about custom PPAs and orphaned packages, reducing your worries before upgrading. Honestly, this will be one of the best tools that the Mint team brings to the table for their users.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Other updates
|
||||
|
||||
Not only these updates, but the team also informed that the file transfer tool Warpinator is used by several users worldwide for some strange use cases – which the team never thought of before. For example, people used Warpinator to transfer files between Windows and Steam deck from Valve, displayed [here][5].
|
||||
|
||||
With that said, Warpinator now has a BETA release [for iOS][6] users. You can now quickly transfer files between your Apple systems to any other system, including Android, Linux, or Windows. Fantastic piece of application from the team.
|
||||
|
||||
_You can read about Linux Mint 21 announcement and more in the official [blog][7]._
|
||||
|
||||
* * *
|
||||
|
||||
We bring the latest tech, software news and stuff that matters. Stay in touch via [Telegram][8], [Twitter][9], [YouTube][10], and [Facebook][11] and never miss an update!
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/linux-mint-21-announcement/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Arindam][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/ubuntu-22-04-lts/
|
||||
[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/11/linux-kernel-5-15/
|
||||
[3]: https://github.com/linuxmint/mintupgrade2
|
||||
[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Mint-upgrade-2-utility-announced-with-Linux-Mint-21.jpg
|
||||
[5]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sHdQT6kI6Q8
|
||||
[6]: https://www.reddit.com/r/linuxmint/comments/rn04lw/interest_in_warpinator_for_ios/
|
||||
[7]: https://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=4293
|
||||
[8]: https://t.me/debugpoint
|
||||
[9]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint
|
||||
[10]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1
|
||||
[11]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint
|
||||
@ -1,129 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "A guide to the Linux terminal for beginners"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/21/8/linux-terminal"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
A guide to the Linux terminal for beginners
|
||||
======
|
||||
Learn the differences between Linux terminal commands, arguments, and
|
||||
options, and how to use them to control your computer.
|
||||
![Terminal command prompt on orange background][1]
|
||||
|
||||
There's a café a few streets away from where I live, and I go there every Sunday for a regularly scheduled game of D&D. They have a menu, and the first few times I ordered, I looked over the menu for several minutes to see what my choices were. Being a creature of habit, I eventually stopped referring to the menu because I knew exactly what they have for sale, and I know exactly what I want. Ordering food for the table is now as easy as saying "the usual" and waiting for the cups of coffee and bowls of chips and scones to be delivered (usually inconveniently at just the moment we've rolled for initiative, but that's hardly the staff's fault or problem).
|
||||
|
||||
Similar to a restaurant menu, graphical interfaces for computers offer users a choice of actions. There are icons and windows and buttons, and you hunt for the one you're looking for, click on items, drag other items, and manipulate graphical representations until a task is complete. After a while, though, this can become cumbersome and, worse yet, inefficient. You know exactly what needs to be done, so wouldn't it be nice to just tell the computer exactly what you want to happen, rather than going through the physical and mental motions of hunting for components and repeating a mouse-based dance routine?
|
||||
|
||||
### What is the Linux terminal?
|
||||
|
||||
The Linux terminal is a text-based interface used to control a Linux computer. It's just one of the many tools provided to Linux users for accomplishing any given task, but it's widely considered the most efficient method available. Outside of writing code, it's certainly the most direct method possible. It's so popular, in fact, that Apple changed its foundation to Unix and has gained the [Bash and Z shell][2], and Microsoft developed [PowerShell][3], its very own open source command line.
|
||||
|
||||
### What is a Linux command?
|
||||
|
||||
A **command** is a special keyword you can use in a terminal to tell your computer to perform an action. Most commands are tiny little applications that get installed with the rest of your operating system. You may not realize they're on your computer because they're generally kept in relatively obscure directories like `/bin`, `/sbin`, `/usr/bin`, and `/usr/sbin`, but your terminal knows where to find them (thanks to something called the [PATH][4]). Other commands are built into your terminal. You don't have to worry about whether a command was installed or comes built-in because your terminal knows the commands either way. Better yet, on most Linux distributions, when your terminal can't find a command, it searches the internet for a package to provide that command and then offers to install and run it for you!
|
||||
|
||||
Here's a simple command:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
`$ ls`
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
The `ls` command is short for "list," and it lists the contents of your current directory. Open a terminal and try it out. Then open a file manager window (_Files_ on Linux, _Finder_ on macOS, _Windows Explorer_ on Windows) and compare. It's two different views of the same data.
|
||||
|
||||
### What is an argument in a Linux command?
|
||||
|
||||
An **argument** is any part of a command that isn't the command. For instance, to list the contents of a specific directory, you can provide the name of that directory as an argument:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
`$ ls Documents`
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
In this example, `ls` is the command and `Documents` is the argument. This would render a list of your `Documents` directory's contents.
|
||||
|
||||
### What are options in Linux?
|
||||
|
||||
Command **options**, also called **flags** or **switches**, are part of command arguments. A command argument is anything that follows a command, and an option is usually (but not always) demarcated by a dash or double dashes. For instance:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
`$ ls --classify Documents`
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
In this example, `--classify` is an option. It also has a short version because terminal users tend to prefer the efficiency of less typing:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
`$ ls -F Documents`
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Short options can usually be combined. Here's an `ls` command combining the `-l` option with the `--human-readable`, `--classify`, and `--ignore-backups` options:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
`$ ls -lhFB`
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Some options can take arguments themselves. For instance, the `--format` option for `ls` lets you change how information is presented. By default, the contents of directories are provided to you in columns, but if you need them to be listed in a comma-delimited list, you can set `format` to `comma`:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ ls --format=comma Documents
|
||||
alluvial, android-info.txt, arduinoIntro, dmschema,
|
||||
headers.snippet, twine, workshop.odt
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
The equal sign (`=`) is optional, so this works just as well:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ ls --format comma Documents
|
||||
alluvial, android-info.txt, arduinoIntro, dmschema,
|
||||
headers.snippet, twine, workshop.odt
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Learning to use the Linux terminal
|
||||
|
||||
Learning how to use a terminal can increase efficiency and productivity—and can also make computing a lot of fun. There are few times when I run a carefully crafted command and don't sit back marveling at what I've managed to make happen with just a few words typed into an otherwise blank screen. A terminal is many things—programming, poetry, puzzle, and pragmatism—but no matter how you see it, it's a lasting innovation that's worth learning.
|
||||
|
||||
* [Use the Linux terminal to see what files are on your computer][5]
|
||||
* [How to open and close directories in the Linux terminal][6]
|
||||
* [Navigating in the Linux terminal][7]
|
||||
* [Move a file in the Linux terminal][8]
|
||||
* [Rename a file in the Linux terminal][9]
|
||||
* [Copy files and folders in the Linux terminal][10]
|
||||
* [Remove files and folders in the Linux Terminal][11]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
After reading and practicing the lessons in these articles, download our free ebook, [Sysadmin's guide to Bash scripting][12] for even more fun in the terminal.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/21/8/linux-terminal
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Seth Kenlon][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/terminal_command_linux_desktop_code.jpg?itok=p5sQ6ODE (Terminal command prompt on orange background)
|
||||
[2]: https://opensource.com/business/16/3/top-linux-shells
|
||||
[3]: https://opensource.com/article/18/2/powershell-people
|
||||
[4]: https://opensource.com/article/17/6/set-path-linux
|
||||
[5]: https://opensource.com/article/21/7/linux-terminal-basics-see-what-files-are-your-computer
|
||||
[6]: https://opensource.com/article/21/7/linux-terminal-basics-opening-and-closing-directories
|
||||
[7]: https://opensource.com/article/21/7/terminal-basics-moving-around-your-computer
|
||||
[8]: https://opensource.com/article/21/7/terminal-basics-moving-files-linux-terminal
|
||||
[9]: https://opensource.com/article/21/7/terminal-basics-rename-file-linux-terminal
|
||||
[10]: https://opensource.com/article/21/7/terminal-basics-copying-files-linux-terminal
|
||||
[11]: https://opensource.com/article/21/7/terminal-basics-removing-files-and-folders-linux-terminal
|
||||
[12]: https://opensource.com/downloads/bash-scripting-ebook
|
||||
@ -1,123 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "Nautilus File Manager Looks Amazing with GTK4 and Libadwaita – A Deep Dive"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/gnome-files-43/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "geekpi"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
Nautilus File Manager Looks Amazing with GTK4 and Libadwaita – A Deep Dive
|
||||
======
|
||||
WE TEST-DRIVE THE DEVELOPMENT VERSION OF GNOME FILES VERSION 43 AND GIVE
|
||||
YOU DETAILS ABOUT ITS LOOKS, FEATURES AND PERFORMANCE.
|
||||
GNOME Files (formerly Nautilus) is perhaps the most used desktop application today in GNOME eco-space. And it never received much of an overhaul since its first release while the rest of the GNOME applications and the desktop itself moved to a newer tech stack.
|
||||
|
||||
Everything changes now. The GNOME developers are adopting GTK4 and libadwaita for the entire desktop and Files.
|
||||
|
||||
GNOME Files version 43, which would release with GNOME 43 release later in 2022, would be impressive. The much-needed [rework][1] brings native dark mode, great UI with nice libadwaita touch and GTK4 performance boost.
|
||||
|
||||
### GNOME Files 43
|
||||
|
||||
We installed the development Flatpak version of GNOME Files 43, and here’s what we found.
|
||||
|
||||
At first glance, you should notice the nice UI touch – thanks to Libadwaita. The close button is nice and round, while the address bar, selection highlighter, and entire Files window are all properly spaced with rounded corners.
|
||||
|
||||
The border highlighters are not present for all the components.
|
||||
|
||||
Here’s a quick comparison of the light and dark modes for versions 43 (left) and 42 (right).
|
||||
|
||||
![GNOME Files 43 and 42 – Light Mode Comparison][2]
|
||||
|
||||
![GNOME Files 43 and 42 – Dark Mode Comparison][3]
|
||||
|
||||
The address bar folder separator remains the same. However, the fonts are a little polished. The address bar context menu changed. The option is gone; instead, you get **Open in Other application** menu item. A new option, **Create Link**, is introduced. I think many users will miss the Open in Terminal option.
|
||||
|
||||
![New option in address bar menu][4]
|
||||
|
||||
Another significant change you should notice in the two main toolbar menus – a) view button and the b) main hamburger menu. Those context menu items show the keyboard shortcuts along with menu items. This makes them look a little more prominent as well.
|
||||
|
||||
![The Hamburger menu now have keyboard shortcuts][5]
|
||||
|
||||
The folder’s context menu now has a little up arrow pointing to the folder from where it popped up. The right-click context menu for a folder is well organized with groups. For example, the opening actions are grouped while cut, copy, paste are distinctively separate with a horizontal bar in the context menu.
|
||||
|
||||
![Context Menu for folder changes][6]
|
||||
|
||||
I also noticed a new option, “Paste into the folder”, which is nice.
|
||||
|
||||
The Nautilus Search remains almost the same as Files 42, except you can search by Created date/time in Files 43.
|
||||
|
||||
However, I noticed one exciting change. The application name for file association in the context menu is removed. For example, if you try to open a text document today in Files 42, it shows the application name associated with it in the context menu. In Files 43, it just shows “Open”. This change, I feel, was unnecessary. It was better earlier.
|
||||
|
||||
![A subtle change in context menu for file association][7]
|
||||
|
||||
So, that’s the overall changes I found in the new GTK4 version of this application. But it looks nice? Isn’t it. Moreover, if you are coming straight from Ubuntu 20.04 LTS, which contains Files 3.38, then perhaps your experience would be a “wow”. Most of the sections changed if you compare Files 43 with Files 3.38. It would be quite an experience for those users.
|
||||
|
||||
[][8]
|
||||
|
||||
SEE ALSO: Access Google Drive and Sync Calendar in Ubuntu 16.04 using Nautilus
|
||||
|
||||
You should remember version 43 is still in development so that things may change in the coming days in the final shipment.
|
||||
|
||||
### Wish List
|
||||
|
||||
If I compare various Linux file managers, others have far more options than GNOME Files today.
|
||||
|
||||
I agree.
|
||||
|
||||
For example, Nemo or Dolphin – the two best file managers outsmart Files in various ways. To compare the features, GNOME Files doesn’t have some popular features –
|
||||
|
||||
* Dual-pane or split view
|
||||
* Opening a root folder from the context menu is difficult
|
||||
* An up arrow for folder browsing
|
||||
* No option to create a new file (text, spreadsheet, etc.) from the context menu
|
||||
* More Sorting and Searching Functions
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
We hope these features come to GNOME Files soon.
|
||||
|
||||
### When it will be available
|
||||
|
||||
As stated above, this version of GNOME Files will be available with GNOME 43. Hence, you should have it on Ubuntu 22.10 during the October 2022 cycle and Fedora 37 later this year from the Linux Distribution schedule perspective.
|
||||
|
||||
Unfortunately, [Ubuntu 22.04 LTS][9] (Jammy Jellyfish) and [GNOME 42][10] with [Fedora 36][11] would not have GNOME Files 43. The primary reason is the schedule mismatch, and it is one of the complex applications to port to GTK4 and test thoroughly. However, most of the above stated internal features would still be available with Files 42. But it may lack the nice UI changes and theme.
|
||||
|
||||
That said, I believe the popular file manager looks nice, and users should be thrilled to use it when it releases. Let me know your opinion about the new changes in GNOME Files 43 below in the comment box.
|
||||
|
||||
Cheers.
|
||||
|
||||
* * *
|
||||
|
||||
We bring the latest tech, software news and stuff that matters. Stay in touch via [Telegram][12], [Twitter][13], [YouTube][14], and [Facebook][15] and never miss an update!
|
||||
|
||||
##### Also Read
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/03/gnome-files-43/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Arindam][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/nautilus
|
||||
[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/GNOME-Files-43-and-42-Light-Mode-Comparison-1024x502.jpg
|
||||
[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/GNOME-Files-43-and-42-Dark-Mode-Comparison-1024x493.jpg
|
||||
[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/New-option-in-address-bar-menu-1024x267.jpg
|
||||
[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/The-Hamburger-menu-now-have-keyboard-shortcuts-1024x331.jpg
|
||||
[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Context-Menu-for-folder-changes-1024x560.jpg
|
||||
[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/A-subtle-change-in-context-menu-for-file-association-1024x524.jpg
|
||||
[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2016/05/access-google-drive-and-sync-calendar-in-ubuntu-16-04-using-nautilus/
|
||||
[9]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/ubuntu-22-04-lts/
|
||||
[10]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/12/gnome-42/
|
||||
[11]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/02/fedora-36/
|
||||
[12]: https://t.me/debugpoint
|
||||
[13]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint
|
||||
[14]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1
|
||||
[15]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint
|
||||
@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-vs-arch/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: translator: "aREversez"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ via: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-vs-arch/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Ankush Das][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
译者：[aREversez](https://github.com/aREversez)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,133 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "Peergos: An Open-Source Google Drive Alternative That You Can Self-Host"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/peergos/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "geekpi"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
Peergos: An Open-Source Google Drive Alternative That You Can Self-Host
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
Google Drive is one of the most popular cloud storage services.
|
||||
|
||||
And, for all the right reasons, it offers flexible pricing, regional pricing, and many other advantages.
|
||||
|
||||
Unfortunately, it does not offer end-to-end encryption. Moreover, it is not an open-source offering.
|
||||
|
||||
So, do we have an open-source replacement for Google Drive?
|
||||
|
||||
Sure, [free cloud storage services][1] are available, but they aren’t open-source nor entirely secure/private.
|
||||
|
||||
Fret not, we have an excellent open-source solution, i.e., **Peergos**.
|
||||
|
||||
### Peergos: A Peer-to-Peer Open-Source Cloud Storage Service With a Mini Social Network Platform
|
||||
|
||||
![][2]
|
||||
|
||||
[Peergos][3] is not just an ordinary alternative to Google Drive. It is much more than just a private web storage platform.
|
||||
|
||||
With Peergos, you get an end-to-end encrypted private webspace built on top of [IPFS protocol][4] (peer-to-peer).
|
||||
|
||||
The use of such a protocol makes it a decentralized storage platform which is resistant to censorship.
|
||||
|
||||
Not just limited to its security/privacy, you also get the ability to socialize with your friends in the platform using the newsfeed.
|
||||
|
||||
For instance, you upload photos and share them with your friends, other users (your friends) can see them in their newsfeed and interact just like a social media platform.
|
||||
|
||||
You also get to add to-do tasks, organize a calendar, and share it with collaborators/friends as required.
|
||||
|
||||
In other words, you can also consider Peergos as a [Nextcloud][5] replacement to some extent.
|
||||
|
||||
You can opt to self-host Peergos or opt for their cloud offering starts for free (200 MB storage) and can be upgraded to 50 GB for **£5** /month or 500 GB for **£25 /month**.
|
||||
|
||||
Let me highlight some of the key features that you get with Peergos.
|
||||
|
||||
### Features of Peergos
|
||||
|
||||
![][6]
|
||||
|
||||
Considering you get a variety of functionalities with Peergos, here are the highlights:
|
||||
|
||||
* End-to-End encryption for storage.
|
||||
* Ability to share your photos, video, and documents.
|
||||
* Generate links to let other users download your file, if required.
|
||||
* Keeps your activity private without recording your usage.
|
||||
* You can self-host Peergos, giving you complete control.
|
||||
* Private metadata, keeping your contact list, file size, directory structure and other information hidden.
|
||||
* Offering a decentralized storage that you can access seamlessly.
|
||||
* Open-source and audited.
|
||||
* Social media network abilities.
|
||||
* To-do list, and task management.
|
||||
* Collaboration features.
|
||||
* Markdown support.
|
||||
* Ability to view PDF documents.
|
||||
* Access calendar, create and organize events.
|
||||
* Website directory, which can be accessed using a personalized URL or local port if you self-host.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Peergos is a feature-rich offering that lets you store your files without worrying about trusting the company.
|
||||
|
||||
While it is not entirely anonymous, Peergos as a service does not record any of your information.
|
||||
|
||||
Moreover, you get the ability to self-host, if you want total control of everything.
|
||||
|
||||
### Get Started with Peergos
|
||||
|
||||
You need to [sign up][7] (for the cloud option) or self-host it as per the instructions in its [GitHub page][8].
|
||||
|
||||
![][9]
|
||||
|
||||
The free space of 200 MB is pretty low. However, if you want to store some of your important documents, and select collection of photos, this could be useful for some.
|
||||
|
||||
The premium upgrade has the option to go up to 500 GB of storage for **£25** per month.
|
||||
|
||||
![][10]
|
||||
|
||||
Navigating around the platform is pretty easy and the user interface looks good.
|
||||
|
||||
![][11]
|
||||
|
||||
It does support a dark mode, so you can toggle it anytime you need it. The sharing options available should be sufficient for all kinds of collaboration.
|
||||
|
||||
The ability to control access to your shared files using groups is an interesting idea.
|
||||
|
||||
![][12]
|
||||
|
||||
[Peergos][3]
|
||||
|
||||
### Final Thoughts
|
||||
|
||||
Peergos is a unique offering that you can self-host. It is open-source and offers all the goodies for a privacy enthusiast to store files and collaborate securely.
|
||||
|
||||
The cloud offering may not be attractive for its low free storage space. But, if you really like the concept, you can choose to upgrade to a premium plan with more storage.
|
||||
|
||||
If you wanted an open-source alternative to Google Drive, Peergos can be an interesting pick.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/peergos/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Ankush Das][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://itsfoss.com/cloud-services-linux/
|
||||
[2]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/peergos-home.png?resize=800%2C623&ssl=1
|
||||
[3]: https://peergos.org/
|
||||
[4]: https://ipfs.io/
|
||||
[5]: https://itsfoss.com/nextcloud/
|
||||
[6]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/peergos-social.png?resize=800%2C633&ssl=1
|
||||
[7]: https://peergos.net/?signup=true
|
||||
[8]: https://github.com/peergos/peergos
|
||||
[9]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/peergos-sign-up.png?resize=800%2C684&ssl=1
|
||||
[10]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/peergos-signup.png?resize=800%2C481&ssl=1
|
||||
[11]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/peergos-dark.png?resize=800%2C513&ssl=1
|
||||
[12]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/peergos-sharing.png?resize=800%2C715&ssl=1
|
||||
@ -1,114 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "Collision: An Open-Source App to Check if Your Files Were Tampered With"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/collision/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
Collision: An Open-Source App to Check if Your Files Were Tampered With
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
_**B**__**rief:** A GUI program to let you check hash for your files to ensure that it is not malicious and true to its source._
|
||||
|
||||
Someone sends you a file, how do you verify that it’s the original one meant for you? How can you be certain that it hasn’t been tampered with?
|
||||
|
||||
Moreover, how can you verify that the file comes from an original source?
|
||||
|
||||
That’s where cryptographic hash functions come in. A hash function (such as SHA-1) is a checksum if it is used to verify a file. This helps you confirm whether the file has been modified or not.
|
||||
|
||||
If you are curious, you can refer to our [guide on verifying checksum in Linux][1].
|
||||
|
||||
For every information/file, there will be a unique hash value (or checksum). So, even if a tiny bit of the file changes, the hash value changes entirely.
|
||||
|
||||
It’s primarily used in encryption, where every file/information is stored securely as hash values. Suppose an attacker gets hold of the database with hash values (instead of the real information), they cannot make sense of it. And, this is how encryption makes things secure.
|
||||
|
||||
While discussing hashing is beyond the scope of this article, it is important to know that it comes in handy when verifying the integrity of a file.
|
||||
|
||||
### Collision: Easily Verify a File and Spot Malicious Files
|
||||
|
||||
![][2]
|
||||
|
||||
Without a GUI, you will have to use the terminal to generate hash values to compare/verify.
|
||||
|
||||
Collision makes it incredibly easy, without needing to launch a terminal or knowing to generate checksum values of a file. If you are not aware of it, our [tutorial on verifying checksum in Linux][1] should help.
|
||||
|
||||
When using Collision, you just add the file that you need to generate a hash value or verify it. It only takes a few clicks to protect yourself against malicious or tampered files.
|
||||
|
||||
While I show a text file in the screenshot, you can verify any type of file or generate a hash for your files before sending it to someone else. You can share the hash values generated with the recipient to let them validate your file.
|
||||
|
||||
![][3]
|
||||
|
||||
It is a straightforward open-source app that just lets you do two things:
|
||||
|
||||
* Generate Hash values (SHA-1, MD5, SHA-256, SHA-516)
|
||||
* Verify an item against a checksum or by directly using the file
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Here’s How Collision App Works
|
||||
|
||||
To give you an example, I modified the original text file by adding a character to it and then tried verifying it.
|
||||
|
||||
Here’s what it looks like:
|
||||
|
||||
First, you need to open the original file that you want to compare it with or have the checksum value with you.
|
||||
|
||||
Open the original file first to generate the hash, and then head to the verify section to access a modified file.
|
||||
|
||||
![][4]
|
||||
|
||||
You will notice that it detects that it isn’t the same:
|
||||
|
||||
![][5]
|
||||
|
||||
In case you are checking against the checksum, first, open the file that you want to verify (here, we have the modified file).
|
||||
|
||||
![][6]
|
||||
|
||||
And, then input the original checksum of the file. As we already know that we are testing a modified file, the result is what we expect, i.e., **failed to verify integrity**.
|
||||
|
||||
![][7]
|
||||
|
||||
### Install Collision in Linux
|
||||
|
||||
Collision is primarily a GNOME-tailored app, but it works on any other distribution.
|
||||
|
||||
You can install it using the [Flatpak package available][8], or build it from the source while exploring its GitHub page. You can refer to our [Flatpak guide][9] for help if you’re new to Linux.
|
||||
|
||||
If you prefer using the terminal, type in the following to install it:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
flatpak install flathub dev.geopjr.Collision
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
To get started, you can also visit its official website.
|
||||
|
||||
[Collision][10]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/collision/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Ankush Das][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://itsfoss.com/checksum-tools-guide-linux/
|
||||
[2]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/collission-verify-true.png?resize=800%2C617&ssl=1
|
||||
[3]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/collision-hash-values.png?resize=800%2C617&ssl=1
|
||||
[4]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/collision-file-open.png?resize=800%2C328&ssl=1
|
||||
[5]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/collision-file-check.png?resize=800%2C620&ssl=1
|
||||
[6]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/collision-file-verify.png?resize=800%2C373&ssl=1
|
||||
[7]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/collision-input-checksum.png?resize=800%2C626&ssl=1
|
||||
[8]: https://flathub.org/apps/details/dev.geopjr.Collision
|
||||
[9]: https://itsfoss.com/flatpak-guide/
|
||||
[10]: https://collision.geopjr.dev/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "Ex-Snap Advocate at Ubuntu Creates a Tool to Help You Migrate from Snap to Flatpak"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/unsnap-migrate-snap-to-flatpak/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "geekpi"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
Ex-Snap Advocate at Ubuntu Creates a Tool to Help You Migrate from Snap to Flatpak
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
Don’t like using Snap?
|
||||
|
||||
Well, you can always stick to the traditional binary packages (deb/rpm) or opt for [Flatpak][1].
|
||||
|
||||
But, what if you already rely on apps from the Snap store?
|
||||
|
||||
It will be time-consuming to manually remove the apps, get rid of Snap, install Flatpak, and install all the Flatpak packages.
|
||||
|
||||
That’s where “Unsnap” comes to the rescue.
|
||||
|
||||
Unsnap is an open-source utility developed by a former Snap advocate at Canonical, **Alan Pope** to help you quickly migrate from using snap packages to Flatpaks.
|
||||
|
||||
### Unsnap: Here’s How it Works
|
||||
|
||||
Note that the utility is still in its pre-alpha phase, you can test it out, but you may want to do some research if you want to help improve it and try it for yourself.
|
||||
|
||||
Basically, the tool generates scripts to help you do the following (in the particular order):
|
||||
|
||||
* Backup existing Snaps.
|
||||
* Install Flatpak (if not already present).
|
||||
* Enable Flathub.
|
||||
* Install the Flatpaks for the same Snap applications.
|
||||
* Remove Snap applications for the Flatpaks installed.
|
||||
* Remove all Snaps.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
While the scripts are generated automatically when you run the tool, you can choose to run those scripts manually or automatically one-by-one to switch away to Flatpaks.
|
||||
|
||||
### How to Test Unsnap?
|
||||
|
||||
![][2]
|
||||
|
||||
You might have a vague idea of how it’s achieved looking at the screenshot above. You can also refer to its [GitHub page][3] for the latest information.
|
||||
|
||||
For reference, let me highlight the steps for you:
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1\. Clone the GitHub Repository
|
||||
|
||||
Make sure you have [Git installed on your Linux distro][4]. Once done, you can type in the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
git clone https://github.com/popey/unsnap
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2\. Navigate to the directory
|
||||
|
||||
Once you clone the repo, you will have the **unsnap** directory on your system.
|
||||
|
||||
Navigate to the directory by typing in:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
cd unsnap
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3\. Run the Tool
|
||||
|
||||
After navigating to the target directory, simply run the **unsnap** utility using the command:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
./unsnap
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
It will check for existing snaps, Flatpaks, and more to set things up.
|
||||
|
||||
As you can notice in the screenshot above, it already detects that my system has Flatpak setup, so it skips generating the scripts for those tasks.
|
||||
|
||||
In the process, it also learns about the Snap packages installed on your system to find equivalent Flatpaks when you run the generated scripts.
|
||||
|
||||
If you want to run all the scripts immediately, you can type in:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
./unsnap auto
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
![][2]
|
||||
|
||||
If you want to take control without the auto option, you can find the scripts generated reside inside a log directory, as shown in the image below:
|
||||
|
||||
![][2]
|
||||
|
||||
Here’s the order of the scripts that you should follow:
|
||||
|
||||
* 00-backup
|
||||
* 01-install-flatpak
|
||||
* 02-enable-flathub
|
||||
* 03-install-flatpaks
|
||||
* 04-remove-snaps
|
||||
* 99-remove-snapd
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
In my example, I already have Flatpak set up, so I proceed with running the backup script, and then installing the Flatpak, so on. Here’s how it looks like:
|
||||
|
||||
![][2]
|
||||
|
||||
You should keep in mind that this tool is under heavy development and may not work as expected. So, you if you rely on numerous Snap packages, you should experiment using the tool in a virtual machine or a test machine and wait for the tool to improve with a stable release.
|
||||
|
||||
_Let me know your thoughts on Unsnap in the comments below._
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://news.itsfoss.com/unsnap-migrate-snap-to-flatpak/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Ankush Das][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://itsfoss.com/flatpak-guide/
|
||||
[2]: data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjU4NyIgd2lkdGg9IjgzMSIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4=
|
||||
[3]: https://github.com/popey/unsnap
|
||||
[4]: https://itsfoss.com/install-git-ubuntu/
|
||||
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: translator: (jiamn)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
@ -7,26 +7,25 @@
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/9/systemd-startup-configuration)
|
||||
[#]: author: (David Both https://opensource.com/users/dboth)
|
||||
|
||||
Analyze Linux startup performance
|
||||
分析 Linux 启动性能
|
||||
======
|
||||
Use systemd-analyze to get insights and solve problems with Linux
|
||||
startup performance.
|
||||
用 systemd-analyze 查看 Linux 启动性能或者解决一些问题
|
||||
|
||||
![Magnifying glass on code][1]
|
||||
|
||||
Part of the system administrator's job is to analyze the performance of systems and to find and resolve problems that cause poor performance and long startup times. Sysadmins also need to check other aspects of systemd configuration and usage.
|
||||
|
||||
The systemd init system provides the `systemd-analyze` tool that can help uncover performance problems and other important systemd information. In a previous article, [_Analyzing systemd calendar and timespans_][2], I used `systemd-analyze` to analyze timestamps and timespans in systemd timers, but this tool has many other uses, some of which I will explore in this article.
|
||||
系统管理员的一部分工作就是分析系统性能，去发现并解决引起性能不佳、长时间启动系统的问题。系统维护者也需要去检查系统配置和使用等。
|
||||
|
||||
### Startup overview
|
||||
systemd 初始化系统提供了 systemd-analyze 工具，帮助查看性能和其他重要的 systemd 信息。在以前的文章 分析 [_systemd 日历和时间间隔_][2] 里，我用了 systemd-analyze 去分析 systemd 里的时间戳和时间间隔，但是这个工具有很多其他用法，这个文章里我再揭示一些。
|
||||
|
||||
The Linux startup sequence is a good place to begin exploring because many `systemd-analyze` tool functions are targeted at startup. But first, it is important to understand the difference between boot and startup. The boot sequence starts with the BIOS power-on self test (POST) and ends when the kernel is finished loading and takes control of the host system, which is the beginning of startup and the point when the systemd journal begins.
|
||||
（译者注： systemd 是目前主流Linux release 采用的系统管理； boot 翻译为启动，startup 翻译为起动）
|
||||
|
||||
In the second article in this series, [_Understanding systemd at startup on Linux_][3], I discuss startup in a bit more detail with respect to what happens and in what sequence. In this article, I want to examine the startup sequence to look at the amount of time it takes to go through startup and which tasks take the most time.
|
||||
|
||||
The results I'll show below are from my primary workstation, which is much more interesting than a virtual machine's results. This workstation consists of an ASUS TUF X299 Mark 2 motherboard, an Intel i9-7960X CPU with 16 cores and 32 CPUs (threads), and 64GB of RAM. Some of the commands below can be run by a non-root user, but I will use root in this article to prevent having to switch between users.
|
||||
|
||||
There are several options for examining the startup sequence. The simplest form of the `systemd-analyze` command displays an overview of the amount of time spent in each of the main sections of startup, the kernel startup, loading and running `initrd` (i.e., initial ramdisk, a temporary system image that is used to initialize some hardware and mount the `/` [root] filesystem), and userspace (where all the programs and daemons required to bring the host up to a usable state are loaded). If no subcommand is passed to the command, `systemd-analyze time` is implied:
|
||||
### 总览
|
||||
|
||||
LINUX 起动顺序是值得学习关注的地方，因为 systemd-analyze 工具很多功能聚焦在起动 startup 过程。但是首先，要理解启动 boot 和起动 startup 。启动从 BIOS 加电自检（POST）开始，装载和控制主机系统结束，然后是起动 startup ，systemd 日志开始。
|
||||
这个系列的第二篇文章， [_理解LINUX起动 systemd_][3]，我讨论了起动 startup 的一点顺序上的细节，文章里，我试图解释起动 startup 顺序时间总进程和大部分时间花费在哪里。
|
||||
我的主工作站比虚拟机的结果更有意义。工作站组成是ASUS TUF X299 Mark 2 主板，Intel i9-7960X cpu （16核 32线程），64G内存。一些命令非超级用户可以使用，但是我在这篇文章里使用了超级用户避免在用户之间切换。
|
||||
检查起动过程有几个选项，最简单的是从 systemd-analyze 命令显示起动的几个主要分段耗费的时间汇总，内核起动，装载运行 initrd （初始ramdisk，一个临时系统镜像用来初始化一些硬件，挂载 / 根文件系统），还有用户空间 （所有的程序和后台进程需要主机起动到一个可用的状态）。如果没有子命令传递给命令， systemd-analyze time 是这样的：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
[root@david ~]$ systemd-analyze
|
||||
@ -34,18 +33,17 @@ Startup finished in 53.921s (firmware) + 2.643s (loader) + 2.236s (kernel) + 4.3
|
||||
graphical.target reached after 10.071s in userspace
|
||||
[root@david ~]#
|
||||
```
|
||||
特别要注意的 BIOS 花费了接近54秒，这是一个非同寻常的时间段，基本上所有的物理硬件系统都要使用 BIOS。
|
||||
|
||||
The most notable data in this output is the amount of time spent in firmware (BIOS): almost 54 seconds. This is an extraordinary amount of time, and none of my other physical systems take anywhere near as long to get through BIOS.
|
||||
我的System76 Oryx Pro笔记本在BIOS只花了8.506秒，我家里所有的系统都在10秒以内。在线搜索一阵之后，我发现这个主板（译者注：作者的主工作站主板）因为不同寻常的 BIOS 启动时间著名，我的主板从不“启动”，总是挂掉，我需要关机再开机，BIOS报错，按 F1 进入 BIO S设置，选择要启动的驱动器完成启动，多出的时间就是这样用掉的。
|
||||
|
||||
My System76 Oryx Pro laptop spends only 8.506 seconds in BIOS, and all of my home-built systems take a bit less than 10 seconds. After some online searches, I found that this motherboard is known for its inordinately long BIOS boot time. My motherboard never "just boots." It always hangs, and I need to do a power off/on cycle, and then BIOS starts with an error, and I need to press F1 to enter BIOS configuration, from where I can select the boot drive and finish the boot. This is where the extra time comes from.
|
||||
不是所有主机显示固件数据（译者注：固件启动中无法使用 systemd）。用Intel 9代或者更高的处理器就感觉不科学。尽管那不是正确的。（译者注：更高代的 cpu 启动时间更短，因为优化的 BIOS ）
|
||||
|
||||
Not all hosts show firmware data. My unscientific experiments lead me to believe that this data is shown only for Intel generation 9 processors or above. But that could be incorrect.
|
||||
总结关于启动起动是非常有趣的，同时提供了很好的（虽然有限）的信息，仍然有很多关于起动的信息，就像下面我将描述的一样。
|
||||
|
||||
This overview of the boot startup process is interesting and provides good (though limited) information, but there is much more information available about startup, as I'll describe below.
|
||||
### 指定火炬
|
||||
|
||||
### Assigning blame
|
||||
|
||||
You can use `systemd-analyze blame` to discover which systemd units take the most time to initialize. The results are displayed in order by the amount of time they take to initialize, from most to least:
|
||||
你可以用 systemd-analyze blame 去发现初始化每个 systemd 单元用掉的时间，结果按照初始化时间长短排序，从多到少：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
@ -64,14 +62,16 @@ You can use `systemd-analyze blame` to discover which systemd units take the mos
|
||||
396ms initrd-switch-root.service
|
||||
<SNIP – removed lots of entries with increasingly small times>
|
||||
```
|
||||
注：删去了好多时间不长的条目
|
||||
|
||||
Because many of these services start in parallel, the numbers may add up to significantly more than the total given by `systemd-analyze time` for everything after the BIOS. All of these are small numbers, so I cannot find any significant savings here.
|
||||
因为很多服务是并行开始的，在 BIOS 之后所有单元加在一起的总数超过了 systemd-analyze time 汇总数。很多都是小数，不能显著的节省时间。
|
||||
|
||||
The data from this command can provide indications about which services you might consider to improve boot times. Services that are not used can be disabled. There does not appear to be any single service that is taking an excessively long time during this startup sequence. You may see different results for each boot and startup.
|
||||
这个命令提供的数据显明了提升启动时间的办法。无用的服务禁止（disable）掉。在起动序列中花掉很多时间的单一服务呈现明显。每次启动起动你可以看到不同结果。（译者注：并行起动服务的原因）
|
||||
|
||||
### Critical chains
|
||||
### 严格链
|
||||
|
||||
Like the critical path in project management, a _critical chain_ shows the time-critical chain of events that take place during startup. These are the systemd units you want to look at if startup is slow, as they are the ones that would cause delays. This tool does not display all the units that start, only those in this critical chain of events:
|
||||
项目管理中有个严格链，（译者注：systemd可以定义服务间严格依赖，构成严格链）在起动中可以通过查看一个严格链与时间相关的事件。
|
||||
有一些systemd单元起动中很慢，可能因为依赖严格链影响的，工具没有从开始显示所有单元，仅仅是有严格限制关系的事件。（译者注：相当于最短路径。并不显示依赖但不在严格链上的服务单元）
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
@ -108,11 +108,11 @@ graphical.target @10.071s
|
||||
[root@david ~]#
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
The numbers preceded with `@` show the absolute number of seconds since startup began when the unit becomes active. The numbers preceded by `+` show the amount of time it takes for the unit to start.
|
||||
@后面的秒数数字是从起动开始到单元激活的时间，+后面是单元开始花费的时间。
|
||||
|
||||
### System state
|
||||
### 系统状态
|
||||
|
||||
Sometimes you need to determine the system's current state. The `systemd-analyze dump` command dumps a _massive_ amount of data about the current system state. It starts with a list of the primary boot timestamps, a list of each systemd unit, and a complete description of the state of each:
|
||||
有时候你需要决定系统的当前状态， systemd-analyze dump 命令挖显出当前系统状态的一堆数据。有主要的启动时间戳，一个每个 systemd 单元的列表，和一个每个完整的详细描述：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
@ -149,38 +149,39 @@ Timestamp initrd-units-load-finish: Wed 2020-08-26 12:33:38 EDT
|
||||
<SNIP – Deleted a bazillion lines of output>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
On my main workstation, this command generated a stream of 49,680 lines and about 1.66MB. This command is very fast, so you don't need to wait for the results.
|
||||
注：删掉了很多输出行
|
||||
|
||||
I do like the wealth of detail provided for the various connected devices, such as storage. Each systemd unit has a section with details such as modes for various runtimes, cache, and log directories, the command line used to start the unit, the process ID (PID), the start timestamp, as well as memory and file limits.
|
||||
在我的主工作站，这个命令生成了49680行大概1.66MB，命令很快，你不需要等待。
|
||||
|
||||
The man page for `systemd-analyze` shows the `systemd-analyze --user dump` option, which is intended to display information about the internal state of the user manager. This fails for me, and internet searches indicate that there may be a problem with it. In systemd, `--user` instances are used to manage and control the resources for the hierarchy of processes belonging to each user. The processes for each user are part of a control group, which I'll cover in a future article.
|
||||
我喜欢多种连接设备的规格细节，例如存储。每个 systemd 单元有一节例如模块的多种运行时、缓存、日志目录、单元开始命令、PID、开始时间戳、内存和文件限制。
|
||||
|
||||
### Analytic graphs
|
||||
systemd-analyze 的 man 帮助手册里展示了 systemd-analyze --user dump 选项，显示用户管理器的内部状态。但是我失败了，互联网搜索之后表明机器有一些问题。在 systemd 里， --user 实例用来管理和控制处理器给每个用户的资源。处理能力按分给每个用户的控制组 control group（译者注：系统管理一个特性）分配，我回头再写。
|
||||
|
||||
Most pointy-haired-bosses (PHBs) and many good managers find pretty graphs easier to read and understand than the text-based system performance data I usually prefer. Sometimes, though, even I like a good graph, and `systemd-analyze` provides the capability to display boot/startup data in an [SVG][4] vector graphics chart.
|
||||
### 分析图表
|
||||
|
||||
The following command generates a vector graphics file that displays the events that take place during boot and startup. It only takes a few seconds to generate this file:
|
||||
很多尖头老板( pointy-haired-bosses )和好的经理人发现好的图表特别容易阅读理解，比我经常看的文本类系统性能数据好。看，我喜欢好图表，systemd-analyze 提供了显示启动/起动数据用 [SVG][4] 向量图表。
|
||||
|
||||
下面的命令生成一个向量图文件来显示在启动起动之间发生的事件。生成这个文件只需要几秒：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
`[root@david ~]# systemd-analyze plot > /tmp/bootup.svg`
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
This command creates an SVG, which is a text file that defines a series of graphic vectors that applications, including Image Viewer, Ristretto, Okular, Eye of Mate, LibreOffice Draw, and others, use to generate a graph. These applications process SVG files to create an image.
|
||||
这个命令创建了 SVG，SVG是一个定义图向量应用的文本文件，包括Image Viewer、Ristretto、 Okular、 Eye of Mate、 LibreOffice Draw、和其他，(译者注：这些是文档应用）用来生成图。这些应用可以处理 SVG 来创建一个图像。
|
||||
|
||||
I used LibreOffice Draw to render a graph. The graph is huge, and you need to zoom in considerably to make out any detail. Here is a small portion of it:
|
||||
我用 LibreOffice Draw（译者注：一个办公文档软件）去渲染一幅图。图很大，你需要放大来看细节。这里放的比较小：
|
||||
|
||||
![The bootup.svg file displayed in LibreOffice Draw.][5]
|
||||
|
||||
(David Both, [CC BY-SA 4.0][6])
|
||||
|
||||
The bootup sequence is to the left of the zero (0) on the timeline in the graph, and the startup sequence is to the right of zero. This small portion shows the kernel, `initrd`, and the processes `initrd` started.
|
||||
启动起始是图上左面的时间线0，起动序列在0的右面。这个小图显示了内核、initrd、和initrd处理开启。
|
||||
|
||||
This graph shows at a glance what started when, how long it took to start up, and the major dependencies. The critical path is highlighted in red.
|
||||
这个图显示了谁什么时候开始，持续了多久，和主要的依赖。严格路径是红色高亮的。
|
||||
|
||||
Another command that generates graphical output is `systemd-analyze plot`. It generates textual dependency graph descriptions in [DOT][7] format. The resulting data stream is then piped through the `dot` utility, which is part of a family of programs that can be used to generate vector graphic files from various types of data. These SVG files can also be processed by the tools listed above.
|
||||
另外一个生成图片输出的命令是 systemd-analyze plot，它生成了[DOT][7] 格式纹理依赖图。结果数据流通过 dot 工具管道，这是一族用来生成向量图文件多种类型数据的程序。这些 SVG 文件也能被上面列出的工具处理。
|
||||
|
||||
First, generate the file. This took almost nine minutes on my primary workstation:
|
||||
首先，生成文件，在我的主工作站花了9分钟：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
@ -197,15 +198,17 @@ sys 0m0.070s
|
||||
[root@david ~]#
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
I won't reproduce the output here because the resulting graph is pretty much spaghetti. But you should try it and view the result to see what I mean.
|
||||
我不想重新生成输出了，因为比意大利面还好。但是你应该试试看看我想让你看到的结果。
|
||||
|
||||
### Conditionals
|
||||
### 条件
|
||||
|
||||
One of the more interesting, yet somewhat generic, capabilities I discovered while reading the `systemd-analyze(1)` man page is the `condition` subcommand. (Yes—I do read the man pages, and it is amazing what I have learned this way!) This `condition` subcommand can be used to test the conditions and asserts that can be used in systemd unit files.
|
||||
我不想重新生成输出了，因为比意大利面还好。但是你应该试试看看我想让你看到的结果。
|
||||
|
||||
It can also be used in scripts to evaluate one or more conditions—it returns a zero (0) if all are met or a one (1) if any condition is not met. In either case, it also spews text about its findings.
|
||||
很多有意思的，也有些普遍的，当我读 systemd-analyze man 帮助时发现 condition 子命令 （是的，我读了man帮助手册，我就是这样学习的）。这个 condition 子命令能用来测试条件和断言 systemd 单元文件。
|
||||
|
||||
The example below, from the man page, is a bit complex. It tests for a kernel version between 4.0 and 5.1, that the host is running on AC power, that the system architecture is anything but ARM, and that the directory `/etc/os-release` exists. I added the `echo $?` statement to print the return code.
|
||||
把它放到程序里评估一个或者多个条件成立是否返回 0 值，或者条件没有成立返回 1。 在其他情况，它根据调查结果吐出文本。
|
||||
|
||||
下面的例子，来自man帮助手册，稍微有点复杂。它测试了内核版本是不是在 4.0 和 5.1，主机使 用AC power，系统结构不是 arm，并且它的目录 /etc/os-release 是否存在。我加了 echo $? 来打印返回值。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
@ -226,11 +229,11 @@ Conditions succeeded.
|
||||
[root@david ~]#
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
The list of conditions and asserts starts around line 600 on the `systemd.unit(5)` man page.
|
||||
条件和断言在 systemd.unit(5) man帮助手册的大概 600 行。
|
||||
|
||||
### Listing configuration files
|
||||
### 罗列配置文件
|
||||
|
||||
The `systemd-analyze` tool provides a way to send the contents of various configuration files to `STDOUT`, as shown here. The base directory is `/etc/`:
|
||||
systemd-analyze 工具可以发送多种配置文件内容去标准输出，像这儿展示的，基础根目录是 /etc/:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
@ -254,7 +257,7 @@ Alias=display-manager.service
|
||||
[root@david ~]#
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
This is a lot of typing to do nothing more than a standard `cat` command does. I find the next command a tiny bit helpful. It can search out files with the specified pattern within the standard systemd locations:
|
||||
这和标准的 cat 命令做的差不多。我发现另外一条小有帮助的命令，它能在标准的 systemd 所在的位置搜索模式匹配的内容：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
@ -298,22 +301,22 @@ WantedBy=multi-user.target
|
||||
[root@david ~]#
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Both of these commands preface the contents of each file with a comment line containing the file's full path and name.
|
||||
这些命令为每个文件提供了包含文件的全路径和文件名的注释行。
|
||||
|
||||
### Unit file verification
|
||||
### 单元文件检查
|
||||
|
||||
After creating a new unit file, it can be helpful to verify that its syntax is correct. This is what the `verify` subcommand does. It can list directives that are spelled incorrectly and call out missing service units:
|
||||
当创建了一个新的单元文件，利用 verify 子命令帮助检查语法是否正确。它能指出来不正确的拼写和呼叫错误服务单元的指导。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
`[root@david ~]# systemd-analyze verify /etc/systemd/system/backup.service`
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Adhering to the Unix/Linux philosophy that "silence is golden," a lack of output messages means that there are no errors in the scanned file.
|
||||
Unix/Linux 的反馈宗旨是“沉默是金”，没有输出意味着扫描文件没有错。
|
||||
|
||||
### Security
|
||||
### 安全
|
||||
|
||||
The `security` subcommand checks the security level of specified services. It only works on service units and not on other types of unit files:
|
||||
security 子命令检查指定服务的安全级别。只能针对服务单元，其他类型的单元文件不可用：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
@ -340,30 +343,27 @@ The `security` subcommand checks the security level of specified services. It on
|
||||
lines 34-81/81 (END)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Yes, the emoji is part of the output. But, of course, many services need pretty much complete access to everything in order to do their work. I ran this program against several services, including my own backup service; the results may differ, but the bottom line seems to be mostly the same.
|
||||
是的，哭脸（emoji）是输出。但是当然，很多服务的工作比美观更重要。我列举了一些服务，包括我自己的备份服务，结果可能不同，但是最下面一行看起来是一样的。
|
||||
这个工具对于在严格的安全环境检查和修复用户空间服务单元是很有用的。我不认为我们的大多数都能用到它。
|
||||
|
||||
This tool would be very useful for checking and fixing userspace service units in security-critical environments. I don't think it has much to offer for most of us.
|
||||
### 最后总结
|
||||
|
||||
### Final thoughts
|
||||
强有力的工具（sysmted-analyze）提供了一些有意思和迷人的有益的选项。这篇文章阐述了用 systemd-analyze 来分析 systemd Linux内部起动性能。它同样能分析 systemd 的其他方面。
|
||||
工具的某部分是限制使用的，有些被遗漏。但是大多数对于起动和其他 systemd 功能的问题解决提供了很好的结果。
|
||||
|
||||
This powerful tool offers some interesting and amazingly useful options. Much of what this article explores is about using `systemd-analyze` to provide insights into Linux's startup performance using systemd. It can also analyze other aspects of systemd.
|
||||
### 资源
|
||||
|
||||
Some of these tools are of limited use, and a couple should be forgotten completely. But most can be used to good effect when resolving problems with startup and other systemd functions.
|
||||
互联网上关于 systemd 有很多信息，但是很多过于简洁，迟钝，甚至误导。这篇文章中提到的额外的资源，是列在下面的关于 systemd 起动的更细节更可信的web页面。我罗列了自从我开始这个系列的文章影响我研究的内容。
|
||||
|
||||
### Resources
|
||||
|
||||
There is a great deal of information about systemd available on the internet, but much is terse, obtuse, or even misleading. In addition to the resources mentioned in this article, the following webpages offer more detailed and reliable information about systemd startup. This list has grown since I started this series of articles to reflect the research I have done.
|
||||
|
||||
* The [systemd.unit(5) manual page][9] contains a nice list of unit file sections and their configuration options along with concise descriptions of each.
|
||||
* The Fedora Project has a good, practical [guide to systemd][10]. It has pretty much everything you need to know in order to configure, manage, and maintain a Fedora computer using systemd.
|
||||
* The Fedora Project also has a good [cheat sheet][11] that cross-references the old SystemV commands to comparable systemd ones.
|
||||
* Red Hat documentation contains a good description of the [Unit file structure][12] as well as other important information.
|
||||
* For detailed technical information about systemd and the reasons for creating it, check out Freedesktop.org's [description of systemd][13].
|
||||
* [Linux.com][14]'s "More systemd fun" offers more advanced systemd [information and tips][15].
|
||||
* The [systemd.unit(5) 手册页面][9] 包含了非常棒的每个都是丰富细节描述的一些单元文件节段和它们的配置文件选项。
|
||||
* The Fedora 项目有一个好的练习 [systemd 指导][10]. 它指导了你用 Fedora systemd 要知道的设置，管理，维护。
|
||||
* The Fedora 项目还有一个好的 [备忘录][11] 兼容交叉了老的 SystemV 命令和 systemd 以及比较。
|
||||
* Red Hat 文档包含了一个详细的描述 [单元文件结构][12] 和其他一样重要的信息。
|
||||
* 关于systemd技术细节和创建的原因，可以去 Freedesktop.org's [ systemd 详述][13].
|
||||
* [Linux.com][14]的 "更多 systemd 乐趣" 提供了很多高级的 systemd [信息和提示][15].
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
There is also a series of deeply technical articles for Linux sysadmins by Lennart Poettering, the designer and primary developer of systemd. These articles were written between April 2010 and September 2011, but they are just as relevant now as they were then. Much of everything else good that has been written about systemd and its ecosystem is based on these papers.
|
||||
下面是 systemd 设计者和主要开发者 Lennart Poettering 关于 Linux 系统管理员的深度技术文档，这些文章尽管写于2010年4月到2011年9月，现在看也是非常适应时宜的。其他很棒的 systemd 相关的体系都基于这些设计。
|
||||
|
||||
* [Rethinking PID 1][16]
|
||||
* [systemd for Administrators, Part I][17]
|
||||
@ -386,7 +386,7 @@ via: https://opensource.com/article/20/9/systemd-startup-configuration
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[David Both][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
译者：[jiamn](https://github.com/jiamn)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "A guide to the Linux terminal for beginners"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/21/8/linux-terminal"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
Linux 终端新手指南
|
||||
======
|
||||
学习 Linux 终端命令、参数的区别，以及如何使用它们来控制你的计算机。
|
||||
![橙色背景的终端命令提示符][1]
|
||||
|
||||
距离我的住处几条街远的地方，有一家咖啡馆，我在每个周日都会去那里参加固定的 “<ruby>龙与地下城<rt>Dungeons & Dragons, D&D</rt><ruby>” 游戏。他们有一份菜单，前几次我去点餐时，我总是要翻看好几分钟，才能确定要点些什么。熟悉了之后，我就不用看菜单了，因为我清楚地知道他们在卖什么，也清楚地知道自己想要什么。现在点餐对我来说很简单，只要说一声“老规矩”就好了，接下来就是等待一杯咖啡、一碗薯片和烤饼被送来（通常在我们 <ruby>做出决定<rt>roll for initiative</rt></ruby>「译者注：这是 D&D 玩家的黑话，它指的是在比赛开始前掷骰子的行为」的那一刻，员工都不大方便，但这也不是他们的问题）。
|
||||
|
||||
与餐厅的菜单类似，计算机的图形界面也为用户提供了操作选项。这里有图标、窗口和按钮，你可以搜索你想要的东西，点击项目，拖动其他项目，操纵图形界面，直到你的任务完成。不过，一段时间后，这可能会变得繁琐，甚至是效率低下。既然你清楚地知道需要做什么，那么，如果只需告诉计算机你想要发生什么，无需耗费大量的体力和脑力来搜索项目、舞动鼠标，就能达到目的，岂不是更好吗？
|
||||
|
||||
### Linux 终端是什么
|
||||
|
||||
Linux 终端是一个基于文本的交互界面，它是用来控制 Linux 计算机的。虽然它只是帮助 Linux 用户完成任何特定任务的众多工具之一，但是它被广泛地认为是最有效的方法。除了编写代码，这无疑是最直接的方法。事实上，它是如此受欢迎，以至于苹果公司将操作系统的基础改为 Unix，从而获得了 [Bash 和 Z shell][2]，而微软公司开发了它自己的开源命令行 [PowerShell][3]。
|
||||
|
||||
### What is a Linux command?
|
||||
### Linux 命令是什么
|
||||
|
||||
**<ruby>命令<rt>commands</rt></ruby>** 是一种特殊的关键词，你可以在终端中使用它，告诉计算机去执行一个动作。大多数命令是很小的应用程序，它们与你的操作系统的其他部分一起安装。你可能没有意识到它们的存在，因为它们通常被保存在相对模糊的目录中，如 `/bin`、`/sbin`、`/usr/bin` 和 `/usr/sbin`，但你的终端知道在哪里可以找到它们（多亏了一个叫 [PATH][4] 的东西）。其他的命令是内置在终端中的。你不必担心一个命令是安装的还是内置的，无论是哪一种，终端都能执行。更棒的是，在大多数 Linux 发行版上，当终端找不到一个命令时，它会在互联网上搜索提供该命令的软件包，然后会主动为你提供安装软件包、运行该命令的服务。
|
||||
|
||||
下面是一个简单的命令：
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
$ ls
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
`ls` 命令是 "list" 的缩写，它会列出当前目录的内容。试一试吧！先打开一个终端窗口，然后打开一个文件管理器窗口（Linux 上叫 “<ruby>文件<rt>Files</rt></ruby>”，macOS 上叫 “<ruby>访达<rt>Finder</rt></ruby>”，Windows 上叫 “<ruby>资源管理器<rt>Windows Explorer</rt><ruby>”）。比较一下这两个窗口，它们是同一数据的两种不同表现方式。
|
||||
|
||||
### Linux 命令中的参数是什么
|
||||
|
||||
**<ruby>参数<rt>argument</rt></ruby>** 是命令中的任意一个“不是命令本身”的部分。例如，要列出一个特定目录的内容，你可以提供该目录的名称作为参数。
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
$ ls Documents
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
在这个例子中，`ls` 是命令，`Documents` 是参数。该命令将列出 `Documents` 目录的内容。
|
||||
|
||||
### Linux 命令中的选项是什么
|
||||
|
||||
命令的 **<ruby>选项<rt>options</rt></ruby>**，也叫 **<ruby>标志<rt>flags</rt></ruby>** 或 **<ruby>开关<rt>switches</rt></ruby>**，它是命令参数的一部分。命令参数是跟在命令后面的任何东西，而选项通常（但不总是）用<ruby>一个连接号<rt>-</rt></ruby>或<ruby>两个连接号<rt>--</rt></ruby>来划分。请看下面这个例子：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
$ ls --classify Documents
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
在这个例子中，`--classify` 是一个选项。它也有一个简短的版本，因为终端用户更喜欢少打点字来提高效率。
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
$ ls -F Documents
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
短的选项通常可以合并。下面是一个 `ls` 命令，它将 `-l` 选项与 `--human-readable`、`--classify` 和 `--ignore-backups` 选项结合了起来：
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
$ ls -lhFB
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
一些选项本身可以带参数。例如，`ls` 的 `--format` 选项可以让你改变信息的呈现方式。默认情况下，目录的内容是以列的形式提供给你的，但如果你需要它们显示为逗号分隔的列表，你可以把 `--format` 设置为 `comma`。
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
$ ls --format=comma Documents
|
||||
alluvial, android-info.txt, arduinoIntro, dmschema,
|
||||
headers.snippet, twine, workshop.odt
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
等于号（`=`）是可选的，所以这样做也可以:
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
$ ls --format comma Documents
|
||||
alluvial, android-info.txt, arduinoIntro, dmschema,
|
||||
headers.snippet, twine, workshop.odt
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 学习使用 Linux 终端
|
||||
|
||||
学习如何使用终端可以提高工作效率和生产力，同时也可以使计算变得非常有趣。当我运行一个精心设计的命令时，我常常会坐下来，为我在空白屏幕上输入几个字就能实现的事情而惊叹。终端可是和很多东西相关 —— 编程、诗歌、拼图和实用主义，但无论你如何看待，它都是一个值得学习的持续创新。
|
||||
|
||||
* [使用 Linux 终端查看你的计算机上有哪些文件][5]
|
||||
* [如何在 Linux 终端中打开和关闭目录][6]
|
||||
* [在 Linux 终端中进行导航][7]
|
||||
* [在 Linux 终端中移动一个文件][8]
|
||||
* [在 Linux 终端中重命名一个文件][9]
|
||||
* [在 Linux 终端中复制文件和文件夹][10]
|
||||
* [在 Linux 终端中删除文件和文件夹][11]
|
||||
|
||||
在阅读和练习了这些文章中的课程后，你可以下载我们的免费电子书 [系统管理员的 Bash 脚本指南][12]，在终端中获得更多乐趣。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/21/8/linux-terminal
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Seth Kenlon][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[lkxed](https://github.com/lkxed)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/terminal_command_linux_desktop_code.jpg?itok=p5sQ6ODE (Terminal command prompt on orange background)
|
||||
[2]: https://opensource.com/business/16/3/top-linux-shells
|
||||
[3]: https://opensource.com/article/18/2/powershell-people
|
||||
[4]: https://opensource.com/article/17/6/set-path-linux
|
||||
[5]: https://opensource.com/article/21/7/linux-terminal-basics-see-what-files-are-your-computer
|
||||
[6]: https://opensource.com/article/21/7/linux-terminal-basics-opening-and-closing-directories
|
||||
[7]: https://opensource.com/article/21/7/terminal-basics-moving-around-your-computer
|
||||
[8]: https://opensource.com/article/21/7/terminal-basics-moving-files-linux-terminal
|
||||
[9]: https://opensource.com/article/21/7/terminal-basics-rename-file-linux-terminal
|
||||
[10]: https://opensource.com/article/21/7/terminal-basics-copying-files-linux-terminal
|
||||
[11]: https://opensource.com/article/21/7/terminal-basics-removing-files-and-folders-linux-terminal
|
||||
[12]: https://opensource.com/downloads/bash-scripting-ebook
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "Peergos: An Open-Source Google Drive Alternative That You Can Self-Host"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/peergos/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "geekpi"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
Peergos：一个可以自我托管的开源 Google Drive 替代品
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
Google Drive 是最受欢迎的云存储服务之一。
|
||||
|
||||
而且，由于正当的原因，它提供了灵活的定价、区域定价和许多其他优势。
|
||||
|
||||
不幸的是，它不提供端对端加密。此外，它不是一个开源的产品。
|
||||
|
||||
那么，我们是否有一个开源的 Google Drive 的替代品？
|
||||
|
||||
当然，有[免费的云存储服务][1]，但它们不是开源的，也不是完全安全/私密的。
|
||||
|
||||
不用担心，我们有一个优秀的开源解决方案，即 **Peergos**。
|
||||
|
||||
### Peergos: 一个带有迷你社交网络平台的点对点开源云存储服务
|
||||
|
||||
![][2]
|
||||
|
||||
[Peergos][3] 不仅仅是 Google Drive 的一个普通替代品。也不仅仅是一个私人网络存储平台。
|
||||
|
||||
有了 Peergos，你会得到一个建立在 [IPFS协议][4]（点对点）之上的端到端加密的私人网络空间。
|
||||
|
||||
使用这样的协议使它成为一个去中心化的存储平台，可以抵抗审查制度。
|
||||
|
||||
不仅限于其安全/隐私，你还可以使用新闻源在平台上与你的朋友进行社交。
|
||||
|
||||
例如，你上传照片并与你的朋友分享，其他用户（你的朋友）可以在他们的新闻源中看到它们，并像社交媒体平台一样互动。
|
||||
|
||||
你还可以添加待办事项，组织一个日历，并根据需要与合作者/朋友分享。
|
||||
|
||||
换句话说，你也可以把 Pergos 视为 [Nextcloud][5] 在某种程度上的替代品。
|
||||
|
||||
你可以选择自行托管 Peergos，也可以选择他们的云服务，开始是免费的（200MB 存储空间），可以升级到 50GB，价格为 **£5/月**，或者 500GB，价格为 **£25/月**。
|
||||
|
||||
让我强调一下 Pergos 的一些主要特性。
|
||||
|
||||
### Peergos 的特点
|
||||
|
||||
![][6]
|
||||
|
||||
考虑到你在 Peergos 获得的各种功能，以下是亮点：
|
||||
|
||||
* 端对端加密存储。
|
||||
* 能够分享你的照片、视频和文件。
|
||||
* 如果需要，生成链接让其他用户下载你的文件。
|
||||
* 保持你的活动隐私，不记录你的使用情况。
|
||||
* 你可以自我托管 Peergos，让你完全控制。
|
||||
* 私人元数据，保持你的联系人列表、文件大小、目录结构和其他信息的隐蔽性。
|
||||
* 提供一个去中心化的存储，你可以无缝访问。
|
||||
* 开源并经过审计。
|
||||
* 社交媒体网络能力。
|
||||
* 待办事项列表和任务管理。
|
||||
* 协作功能。
|
||||
* 支持 Markdown。
|
||||
* 查看 PDF 文件的能力。
|
||||
* 访问日历，创建和组织事件。
|
||||
* 网站目录，如果你自我托管，可以使用个性化的 URL 或本地端口访问。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Peergos 是一个功能丰富的产品，可以让你存储你的文件，而不用担心信任公司的问题。
|
||||
|
||||
虽然它不是完全匿名的，但 Pergos 作为一项服务不会记录你的任何信息。
|
||||
|
||||
此外，如果你想完全控制一切，你可以自行托管。
|
||||
|
||||
### 开始使用 Pergos
|
||||
|
||||
你需要[注册][7]（云选项）或按照其 [GitHub 页面][8]中的说明自行托管它。
|
||||
|
||||
![][9]
|
||||
|
||||
200MB 的免费空间是相当低的。然而，如果你想存储你的一些重要文件，以及选择照片集，这对一些人来说可能是有用的。
|
||||
|
||||
高级升级版可以选择上升到 500GB 的存储空间，每月 **25 英镑**。
|
||||
|
||||
![][10]
|
||||
|
||||
在该平台上切换是相当容易的，用户界面看起来也不错。
|
||||
|
||||
![][11]
|
||||
|
||||
它支持黑暗模式，所以你可以随时切换它。可用的共享选项应该足以满足各种合作的需要。
|
||||
|
||||
使用组来控制对共享文件的访问是一个有趣的想法。
|
||||
|
||||
![][12]
|
||||
|
||||
[Peergos][3]
|
||||
|
||||
### 最后的想法
|
||||
|
||||
Peergos 是一个独特的产品，你可以自行托管。它是开源的，并为隐私爱好者提供了所有的好东西来存储文件和安全地进行合作。
|
||||
|
||||
云服务可能因其免费存储空间少而不具吸引力。但是，如果你真的喜欢这个概念，你可以选择升级到一个具有更多存储空间的高级计划。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你想要一个 Google Drive 的开源替代品，Peergos 可以是一个有趣的选择。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/peergos/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Ankush Das][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://itsfoss.com/cloud-services-linux/
|
||||
[2]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/peergos-home.png?resize=800%2C623&ssl=1
|
||||
[3]: https://peergos.org/
|
||||
[4]: https://ipfs.io/
|
||||
[5]: https://itsfoss.com/nextcloud/
|
||||
[6]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/peergos-social.png?resize=800%2C633&ssl=1
|
||||
[7]: https://peergos.net/?signup=true
|
||||
[8]: https://github.com/peergos/peergos
|
||||
[9]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/peergos-sign-up.png?resize=800%2C684&ssl=1
|
||||
[10]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/peergos-signup.png?resize=800%2C481&ssl=1
|
||||
[11]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/peergos-dark.png?resize=800%2C513&ssl=1
|
||||
[12]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/peergos-sharing.png?resize=800%2C715&ssl=1
|
||||
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user