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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: ( chenmu-kk )
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (NFC vs. Bluetooth LE: When to use which)
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[#]: via: (https://www.networkworld.com/article/3574932/nfc-vs-bluetooth-le-when-to-use-which.html)
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[#]: author: (Jon Gold https://www.networkworld.com/author/Jon-Gold/)
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NFC vs. Bluetooth LE: When to use which
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======
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Near-field communications and Bluetooth LE are low-power wireless technologies suited for different uses in enterprises.
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Metamorworks / Getty Images
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Among many options for low-power, relatively short-ranged connectivity, two technologies stand out – near-field communication and Bluetooth low energy. Both have relatively low deployment costs and are simple to use.
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NFC is best known for being the technology behind many modern smart cards. NFC chips need to be very close – within a few centimeters – to a reader for a connection to be made, but that’s an upside in its primary enterprise use case, which is security and access control.
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[[Get regularly scheduled insights by signing up for Network World newsletters.]][1]
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Bluetooth LE is a low-power derivative of the main Bluetooth standard, offsetting lower potential throughput with substantially reduced energy consumption and the consequent ability to fit into a wider range of potential use cases.
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Next, we’ll delve into more in-depth descriptions of each technology and their primary use cases.
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### NFC features
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NFC operates at near-contact ranges – devices must be within several centimeters of each other in order to make contact. A readable passive NFC “tag” requires no independent power source at all, drawing energy from the initiator’s signal, which operates at around 13.5MHz and requires between 100 and 700 µA of power when actively reading a tag.
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“The short range is actually an advantage,” said Gartner research senior director and analyst Bill Ray. “The big thing about NFC is that it’s not just the radio, there’s a massive security protocol built-in.” That is, a potential bad actor would have to be very close – within a few meters, using specialized equipment – to even be able to detect an NFC connection taking place. NFC implementations can also layer on SSL technology for additional safety.
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That’s not a surprise, given NFC’s origins as a contactless payment technology. Its roots in that area create an appeal for retailers, which could use NFC to let customers get additional information about items before they buy, get coupons or ask for assistance from a clerk simply by touching their phones to an NFC hotspot.
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While the short range involved has limited the number of use cases that make sense for NFC technology, it’s not solely about opening doors and buying lattes. NFC can be used to bootstrap connections for quick and easy pairing between devices, so a user could simply tap their phone on a properly equipped projector in a conference room to create an NFC connection, validate that the smartphone is an approved device to connect to, and give a presentation. The presentation or video data itself wouldn’t be transferred via NFC, but the NFC handshake acts as a validation for a different wireless protocol, eliminating the need to sign into, for example, a Wi-Fi network, or any other higher-bandwidth network that could stream that data.
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### Bluetooth LE characteristics
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Bluetooth LE, by contrast, operates over substantially longer distances – anywhere up to several dozen meters – and has about twice the maximum bandwidth of an NFC connection at 1 Mbit/second. It’s an outgrowth of the well-known Bluetooth technology, optimized for machine-to-machine connectivity, thanks to its lower power usage than the main-line standard. It uses less than 15 mA of power at either end of a connection, and has a practical range of about 10 meters, securing connections with AES encryption.
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Yet it’s far from a drop-in replacement for NFC, according to Forrester principal analyst Andre Kindness.
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“From an information transfer perspective [NFC is] a lot quicker than BLE,” he said. BLE usually takes an appreciable fraction of a second or longer to identify and secure a connection, while that process is more or less instantaneous with NFC.
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Bluetooth LE, however, is considerably more versatile than NFC, thanks to its greater range, according to IDC senior research analyst Patrick Filkins.
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“I think Bluetooth [LE] is a little better suited for enterprise,” he said. Use cases like asset tracking, indoor navigation, and targeted advertisements are just the tip of the iceberg.
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For enterprises, then, the upshot is fairly straightforward – NFC use cases are mostly separate from those for which a company would use Bluetooth, but, for the rare overlap where a choice can be made, the relative advantages and disadvantages are clear. NFC is very short-ranged, cheap, connects instantly and has a lower data transfer rate. Bluetooth LE works over much longer distances and at higher speeds, costs somewhat more and takes a moment to “handshake” its connections.
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Join the Network World communities on [Facebook][2] and [LinkedIn][3] to comment on topics that are top of mind.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3574932/nfc-vs-bluetooth-le-when-to-use-which.html
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作者：[Jon Gold][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://www.networkworld.com/author/Jon-Gold/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://www.networkworld.com/newsletters/signup.html
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[2]: https://www.facebook.com/NetworkWorld/
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[3]: https://www.linkedin.com/company/network-world
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@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: ( chenmu-kk )
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (NFC vs. Bluetooth LE: When to use which)
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[#]: via: (https://www.networkworld.com/article/3574932/nfc-vs-bluetooth-le-when-to-use-which.html)
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[#]: author: (Jon Gold https://www.networkworld.com/author/Jon-Gold/)
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NFC vs. 蓝牙 LE: 如何抉择
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======
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近场通信和蓝牙LE是适合企业不同用途的低功耗无线技术。
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Metamorworks / Getty Images
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在低功率、相对短距离连接的众多选择中，两种技术脱颖而出——近场通信和低功耗蓝牙。两者都具有相对低廉的部署成本且易于使用。
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NFC作为许多现代智能卡片的背后技术而为大众所熟知。NFC芯片必须十分接近（在几厘米内）读卡器来实现连接， 但这是它主要企业用例（安全性和访问控制）的一个优势。
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[[通过注册Network World时事通讯定期获取信息。]][1]
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蓝牙LE是主要蓝牙标准的低功耗衍生产品，通过显著降低能耗来抵消较低的潜在吞吐量，并具备适应更宽广的潜在用例的能力。
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接下来，我们将研究每种技术更深入的细节内容以及它们的主要用例。
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### NFC的未来
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NFC在近距离接触范围内工作（设备间必须靠近到几厘米范围内来进行连接），一个可读无源的NFC芯片根本不需要任何独立电源，它会从读卡器的信号中汲取能量，工作频率在13.5MHz附近，并且在主动读取芯片时需要100-700µA的电源。
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Gartner研究高级总监兼分析师说，“事实上短距离是它的优势。” NFC的一大优点是它不仅仅是无线电，还内置了庞大的安全协议。也就是说，潜在的不良因素将会逼近——使用专用设备在几米的范围内才能检测到正在发生的NFC连接。 NFC的施行还可以在SSL技术上分层来提高安全性。
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考虑到NFC本就起源于非接触式支付技术，这不足为奇。它的根源在于对零售商的吸引力，它可以使用NFC让客户在购买商品、获取优惠券或者向店员寻求帮助前，通过简单地使用手机来连接NFC热点就可以获取相关的信息。
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尽管NFC只能在一个很短的范围内使用，限制了使用NFC技术用例的数量，但它不仅仅是打开门买一杯拿铁。NFC用于引导连接便于设备间轻松快速的配对，因此用户可以在配备有投影仪的会议室中使用手机即可创建一个NFC连接，并验证智能手机是否是一个可连接的授权设备并显示相关的信息。演示文稿或者视频数据本身不会通过NFC来传输，但是NFC握手可作为不同无线协议间的验证，从而无需用户登录，例如Wi-Fi网络或者任何其他更高带宽可以传输数据的网络。
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### 蓝牙LE的特点
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相较之下，Bluetooth LE可以在更长的距离上运行（长达几十米），在1 Mbit / s的带宽下，其最大带宽约为NFC连接的两倍。它是出名的蓝牙技术的产物，相较于主线标准的更低功耗优化了双机连接。 在双机连接的任何一端电流均小于15 mA，实用范围约为10米，可通过AES加密保护连接。
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根据Forrester首席分析师Andre Kindness的说法，它远非NFC的替代品。
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他说：“从信息传递角度来看， [NFC] 比BLE快一点。”BLE通常需要一秒或更长时间的验证并安全连接，而NFC几乎在瞬间完成连接。
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然而根据IDC高级研究分析师Patrick Filkins的说法，相较于NFC，蓝牙LE由于范围更广而有着更多的通用性。
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他说：“我认为蓝牙LE比较适合企业”。而类似于资产追踪，室内导航和目标广告的用例只是冰山一角。
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对于企业，结果是相当直接的——NFC用例大多与公司使用蓝牙的用例是分开的，对于少有的可以选择的重叠，相对的优势和劣势显而易见。NFC有着短距离，廉价，即时连接以及更低数据转换率的优点。蓝牙LE工作的距离更远、传输速率更高，成本也更高，还需要一点时间来进行“握手”连接。
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加入 [Facebook][2] 和 [LinkedIn][3] 上的Network World社区，在最热门的话题下留下你的评论。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3574932/nfc-vs-bluetooth-le-when-to-use-which.html
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作者：[Jon Gold][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[chenmu-kk](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://www.networkworld.com/author/Jon-Gold/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://www.networkworld.com/newsletters/signup.html
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[2]: https://www.facebook.com/NetworkWorld/
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[3]: https://www.linkedin.com/company/network-world
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