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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (geekpi)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (Getting started with the GNOME Linux desktop)
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[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/19/12/gnome-linux-desktop)
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[#]: author: (Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth)
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Getting started with the GNOME Linux desktop
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======
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This article is part of a special series of 24 days of Linux desktops.
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GNOME, the default desktop on most modern Linux distributions, is clean,
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simple, and well-organized.
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![Gnomes in a window.][1]
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The [GNOME][2] project is the Linux desktop's darling, and deservedly so. It began as the free and open desktop alternative to proprietary options (including KDE at the time), and it's been going strong ever since. GNOME took GTK+, [developed by the GIMP project][3], and ran with it, developing it into a robust, all-purpose GTK framework. The project has pioneered the user interface, challenging preconceptions of what a desktop "should" look like and offering users new paradigms and options.
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GNOME is widely available as the default desktop on most of the major modern Linux distributions, including RHEL, Fedora, Debian, and Ubuntu. If your distribution doesn't offer a version of it, you can probably install GNOME from your software repository. Before you do, though, be aware that it is meant to provide a full desktop experience, so many GNOME apps are installed along with the desktop. If you're already running a different desktop, you may find yourself with redundant applications (two PDF readers, two media players, two file managers, and so on). If you just want to try the GNOME desktop, consider installing a GNOME distribution in a virtual machine, such as [GNOME Boxes][4].
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### GNOME features
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The GNOME desktop is clean, with a simple taskbar along the top and the bare minimum of items in a system tray in the right corner. There are no desktop icons on GNOME, and that's by design. If you're one of those users who stores _everything_ on your desktop, you probably recognize that your desktop gets badly disorganized on a regular basis, and—worse still—it's permanently hidden from view because your applications are covering it up.
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GNOME solves both problems: there _is_ no desktop (functionally), and new virtual workspaces are generated dynamically, so you can run your applications in full-screen mode. It can take some getting used to if you usually clutter up your screen, but in practice, it's an improved workflow in every sense. You learn to keep your assets organized (or you leave them scattered in your home directory), and you can switch between screens just as quickly as you do on your mobile phone.
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Of course, not all applications are designed to run in full-screen mode, so if you prefer to click through windows, you can do that, too.
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![GNOME running on Debian][5]
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The GNOME philosophy extols canonical solutions to common tasks. You don't often find eight different ways to accomplish the same thing in GNOME. You find one or two official ways to accomplish a task, and once you've learned those ways, that's all you have to remember. It's refreshingly simple, but because it's running on Linux, it's also technically flexible (after all, you don't have to use GNOME applications just because you're running a GNOME desktop).
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### Application menu
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To access the application menu, called **Activities**, click in the upper-left corner of the desktop. This menu takes over your entire screen to reveal a dock along the left edge of the screen with common applications and an icon to browse your apps in a grid. You can launch applications by browsing through what you have installed or by typing the first few letters of the software name to bring up a filtered list of what's available.
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![GNOME activities][6]
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### GNOME applications
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GNOME isn't just a desktop. It's a desktop plus a rich set of integrated applications, like the Gedit text editor, Evince PDF viewer, a web browser, an image viewer, the Nautilus file manager, and more. GNOME applications, like the desktop itself, follow the [GNOME Human Interface Guidelines][7], so the user experience is both pleasant and consistent. Whether or not you use the GNOME desktop, you probably use a GTK application, and you may well use a GNOME application.
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### GNOME 3 and beyond
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The GNOME project is going strong, and it's left several exciting projects (like MATE and [Cinnamon][8]) in its wake. It's popular, it's comfortable, and it's the face of the Linux desktop.
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Exploring different desktops is a good thing. I’ve recently converted to GNOME 3 ("hallowed be its...
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/gnome-linux-desktop
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作者：[Seth Kenlon][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/custom_gnomes.png?itok=iG98iL8d (Gnomes in a window.)
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[2]: https://www.gnome.org/
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[3]: https://www.gtk.org/overview.php
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[4]: https://opensource.com/article/19/5/getting-started-gnome-boxes-virtualization
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[5]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/advent-gnome.jpg (GNOME running on Debian)
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[6]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/advent-gnome-activities.jpg (GNOME activities)
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[7]: https://developer.gnome.org/hig/stable/
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[8]: https://opensource.com/article/19/11/advent-2019-cinnamon
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@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (geekpi)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (Getting started with the GNOME Linux desktop)
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[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/19/12/gnome-linux-desktop)
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[#]: author: (Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth)
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GNOME Linux 桌面入门
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======
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本文是 24 天 Linux 桌面特别系列的一部分。GNOME 是大多数现代 Linux 发行版的默认桌面，它干净、简单、组织良好。
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![Gnomes in a window.][1]
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[GNOME][2] 项目理所应当是 Linux 桌面的宠儿。它起初是专有桌面（当时包括 KDE）的免费开源桌面替代品，此后一直发展强劲。GNOME 采用了[由 GIMP 项目开发][3]的 GTK+，并将其开发为强大的通用 GTK 框架。该项目开创了用户界面的先驱，挑战了桌面“应有”外观的先入之见，并为用户提供了新的范例和选项。
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在大多数主流现代 Linux 发行版（包括RHEL、Fedora、Debian 和 Ubuntu）中，GNOME 作为默认桌面广泛使用。如果你的发行版不提供它的版本，那么你可以从软件仓库中安装 GNOME。但是，在执行此操作之前，请注意，为了提供完整的桌面体验，这会随桌面一起安装许多 GNOME 应用。如果你在用其他桌面，那么你可能会发现有冗余的应用（两个 PDF 阅读器、两个媒体播放器、两个文件管理器，等等）。如果你只想尝试 GNOME 桌面，请考虑在虚拟机，如[GNOME Boxes][4]，中安装 GNOME 发行版。
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### GNOME 功能
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GNOME 桌面很干净，顶部有一个简单的任务栏，右上角的系统托盘中只有很少的项。GNOME 上没有桌面图标，这是设计使然。如果你是在桌面上保存_任何东西_的用户之一，那么你可能会意识到桌面会定期地变得混乱，而且，更糟糕的是，由于你的应用掩盖了桌面，因此桌面永远不会显示出来。
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GNOME 解决了两个问题：（在功能上）没有桌面，并且动态生成新的虚拟工作区，因此你可以在全屏模式下运行应用。如果你常把屏幕弄乱，那么可能需要一些时间来习惯，但实际上，从各个方面来说，这都是一种改进的工作流程。你将学习如何使文件井井有条（或者将它们分散在家目录中），并且可以像在手机上一样快速地在屏幕之间切换。
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当然，并非所有应用都设计为在全屏模式下运行，因此，如果你更喜欢单击窗口，也可以这样做。
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![GNOME running on Debian][5]
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GNOME 哲学褒扬了 Canonical 对常见任务的解决方案。在 GNOME 中，你通常不会发现有八种不同的方法来做同一件事。你找到一种或两种官方方法来完成一项任务，你了解了这些方法后，便只需记住这些即可。它非常简单，但由于它在 Linux 上运行，因此在技术上也很灵活（毕竟，你不必因为运行 GNOME 桌面而要使用 GNOME 应用）。
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### 应用菜单
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要访问名为“活动”的应用菜单，请在桌面的左上角单击。此菜单将占满整个屏幕，屏幕最左侧有一栏常见应用的 dock，并且有一个可以在网格中浏览应用的图标。你可以浏览已安装的应用，或输入软件的头几个字母来过滤列表，之后启动应用。
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![GNOME activities][6]
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### GNOME 应用
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GNOME 不仅是桌面。它是一个桌面以及一组丰富的集成应用，例如 Gedit 文本编辑器、Evince PDF 查看器、Web 浏览器、图像查看器、Nautilus 文件管理器等等。GNOME 应用（例如桌面本身）遵循 [GNOME 人机界面指南][7]，因此用户体验既愉悦又一致。无论你是否使用 GNOME 桌面，都可能使用 GTK 应用，也可能会使用 GNOME 应用。
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### GNOME 3 及更高版本
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GNOME 项目进展顺利，还有几个令人兴奋的项目（例如 MATE 和 [Cinnamon][8]）。它流行、令人舒适，并且是 Linux 桌面的外观。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/19/12/gnome-linux-desktop
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作者：[Seth Kenlon][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/custom_gnomes.png?itok=iG98iL8d (Gnomes in a window.)
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[2]: https://www.gnome.org/
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[3]: https://www.gtk.org/overview.php
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[4]: https://opensource.com/article/19/5/getting-started-gnome-boxes-virtualization
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[5]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/advent-gnome.jpg (GNOME running on Debian)
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[6]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/advent-gnome-activities.jpg (GNOME activities)
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[7]: https://developer.gnome.org/hig/stable/
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[8]: https://opensource.com/article/19/11/advent-2019-cinnamon
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