From d8d6f0eed0b8f0aee178c4ad5aff7723a5d2925c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Xingyu Wang Date: Thu, 30 Jan 2020 23:18:37 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] TSL --- .../tech/20200109 My favorite Bash hacks.md | 142 ------------------ .../tech/20200109 My favorite Bash hacks.md | 136 +++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 136 insertions(+), 142 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20200109 My favorite Bash hacks.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20200109 My favorite Bash hacks.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20200109 My favorite Bash hacks.md b/sources/tech/20200109 My favorite Bash hacks.md deleted file mode 100644 index 647b83a21a..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20200109 My favorite Bash hacks.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,142 +0,0 @@ -[#]: collector: (lujun9972) -[#]: translator: (wxy) -[#]: reviewer: ( ) -[#]: publisher: ( ) -[#]: url: ( ) -[#]: subject: (My favorite Bash hacks) -[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/1/bash-scripts-aliases) -[#]: author: (Katie McLaughlin https://opensource.com/users/glasnt) - -My favorite Bash hacks -====== -Improve your productivity with aliases and other shortcuts for the -things you forget too often. -![bash logo on green background][1] - -When you work with computers all day, it's fantastic to find repeatable commands and tag them for easy use later on. They all sit there, tucked away in **~/.bashrc** (or ~/.zshrc for [Zsh users][2]), waiting to help improve your day! - -In this article, I share some of my favorite of these helper commands for things I forget a lot, in hopes that they will save you, too, some heartache over time. - -### Say when it's over - -When I'm using longer-running commands, I often multitask and then have to go back and check if the action has completed. But not anymore, with this helpful invocation of **say** (this is on MacOS; change for your local equivalent): - - -``` -function looooooooong { -    START=$(date +%s.%N) -    $* -    EXIT_CODE=$? -    END=$(date +%s.%N) -    DIFF=$(echo "$END - $START" | bc) -    RES=$(python -c "diff = $DIFF; min = int(diff / 60); print('%s min' % min)") -    result="$1 completed in $RES, exit code $EXIT_CODE." -    echo -e "\n⏰  $result" -    ( say -r 250 $result 2>&1 > /dev/null & ) -} -``` - -This command marks the start and end time of a command, calculates the minutes it takes, and speaks the command invoked, the time taken, and the exit code. I find this super helpful when a simple console bell just won't do. - -### Install helpers - -I started using Ubuntu back in the Lucid days, and one of the first things I needed to learn was how to install packages. And one of the first aliases I ever added was a helper for this (named based on the memes of the day): - - -``` -`alias canhas="sudo apt-get install -y"` -``` - -### GNU Privacy Guard (GPG) signing - -On the off chance I have to sign a [GPG][3] email without having an extension or application to do it for me, I drop down into the command line and use these terribly dorky aliases: - - -``` -alias gibson="gpg --encrypt --sign --armor" -alias ungibson="gpg --decrypt" -``` - -### Docker - -There are many Docker commands, but there are even more **docker compose** commands. I used to forget the **\--rm** flags, but not anymore with these useful aliases: - - -``` -alias dc="docker-compose" -alias dcr="docker-compose run --rm" -alias dcb="docker-compose run --rm --build" -``` - -### gcurl helper for Google Cloud - -This one is relatively new to me, but it's [heavily documented][4]. gcurl is an alias to ensure you get all the correct flags when using local curl commands with authentication headers when working with Google Cloud APIs.  - -### Git and ~/.gitignore - -I work a lot in Git, so I have a special section dedicated to Git helpers. - -One of my most useful helpers is one I use to clone GitHub repos. Instead of having to run: - - -``` -`git clone git@github.com:org/repo /Users/glasnt/git/org/repo` -``` - -I set up a clone function: - - -``` -clone(){ -    echo Cloning $1 to ~/git/$1 -    cd ~/git -    git clone [git@github.com][5]:$1 $1 -    cd $1 -} -``` - -Even though I always forget and giggle any time I'm diving into my **~/.bashrc** file, I also have my "refresh upstream" command: - - -``` -`alias yoink="git checkout master && git fetch upstream master && git merge upstream/master"` -``` - -Another helper for Git-ville is a global ignore file. In your **git config --global --list** you should see a **core.excludesfile**. If not, [create one][6], and fill it full of things that you always put into your individual **.gitignore** files. As a Python developer on MacOS, for me this is: - - -``` -.DS_Store     # macOS clutter -venv/         # I never want to commit my virtualenv -*.egg-info/*  # ... nor any locally compiled packages -__pycache__   # ... or source -*.swp         # ... nor any files open in vim -``` - -You can find other suggestions over on [Gitignore.io][7] or on the [Gitignore repo][8] on GitHub. - -### Your turn - -What are your favorite helper commands? Please share them in the comments. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://opensource.com/article/20/1/bash-scripts-aliases - -作者：[Katie McLaughlin][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://opensource.com/users/glasnt -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/bash_command_line.png?itok=k4z94W2U (bash logo on green background) -[2]: https://opensource.com/article/19/9/getting-started-zsh -[3]: https://gnupg.org/ -[4]: https://cloud.google.com/service-infrastructure/docs/service-control/getting-started -[5]: mailto:git@github.com -[6]: https://help.github.com/en/github/using-git/ignoring-files#create-a-global-gitignore -[7]: https://www.gitignore.io/ -[8]: https://github.com/github/gitignore diff --git a/translated/tech/20200109 My favorite Bash hacks.md b/translated/tech/20200109 My favorite Bash hacks.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8106ebaf4c --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20200109 My favorite Bash hacks.md @@ -0,0 +1,136 @@ +[#]: collector: (lujun9972) +[#]: translator: (wxy) +[#]: reviewer: ( ) +[#]: publisher: ( ) +[#]: url: ( ) +[#]: subject: (My favorite Bash hacks) +[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/1/bash-scripts-aliases) +[#]: author: (Katie McLaughlin https://opensource.com/users/glasnt) + +我珍藏的 Bash 秘籍 +====== + +> 通过别名和其他捷径来提高你经常忘记的那些事情的效率。 + +![bash logo on green background][1] + +要是你整天使用计算机，如果能找到可重复的命令并标记它们，以便以后轻松使用那就太棒了。它们全都在那里，藏在 `~/.bashrc` 中（或 [zsh 用户][2]的 `~/.zshrc` 中），等待着改善你的生活！ + +在本文中，我分享了我最喜欢的这些辅助命令，它们可以帮助我避免一些遗忘的事情，也希望可以帮助到你，以及为你解决一些越来越头疼的问题。 + +### 完事说一声 + +当我执行一个需要长时间运行的命令时，我经常采用多任务的方式，然后必须回过去检查该操作是否已完成。 然而通过有用的 `say`，现在就不用再这样了（这是在 MacOS 上；更改为本地环境等效的方式）： + +``` +function looooooooong { + START=$(date +%s.%N) + $* + EXIT_CODE=$? + END=$(date +%s.%N) + DIFF=$(echo "$END - $START" | bc) + RES=$(python -c "diff = $DIFF; min = int(diff / 60); print('%s min' % min)") + result="$1 completed in $RES, exit code $EXIT_CODE." + echo -e "\n⏰ $result" + ( say -r 250 $result 2>&1 > /dev/null & ) +} +``` + +这个命令会标记命令的开始和结束时间，计算所需的分钟数，并说出调用的命令、花费的时间和退出码。当简单的控制台铃声无法使用时，我发现这个超级有用。 + +### 安装小助手 + +我在小的时候就开始使用 Ubuntu，而我需要学习的第一件事是如何安装软件包。我曾经添加的第一个别名之一是它的助手（根据当天的流行梗命名的）： + +``` +alias canhas="sudo apt-get install -y" +``` + +### GPG 签名 + +有时候，我必须在没有扩展程序或应用程序的情况下给电子邮件签署 [GPG][3] 签名，我会跳到命令行并使用以下令人讨厌的别名： + +``` +alias gibson="gpg --encrypt --sign --armor" +alias ungibson="gpg --decrypt" +``` + +### Docker + +Docker 命令很多，但是 Docker compose 命令更多。我曾经使用这些别名来忘记 `--rm` 标志，但是现在不再使用这些有用的别名了： + +``` +alias dc="docker-compose" +alias dcr="docker-compose run --rm" +alias dcb="docker-compose run --rm --build" +``` + +### Google Cloud 的 gcurl 辅助程序 + +对于我来说，Google Cloud 是一个相对较新的东西，而它有[极多的文档][4]。gcurl 是一个别名，可确保在用带有身份验证标头的本地 curl 命令连接 Google Cloud API 时，可以获得所有正确的标头。 + +### Git 和 ~/.gitignore + +我工作中用 Git 很多，因此我有一个专门的部分来介绍 Git 的辅助程序。 + +我最有用的辅助程序之一是我用来克隆 GitHub 存储库的助手。你不必运行： + +``` +git clone git@github.com:org/repo /Users/glasnt/git/org/repo +``` + +我设置了一个克隆函数： + +``` +clone(){ +    echo Cloning $1 to ~/git/$1 +    cd ~/git +    git clone git@github.com:$1 $1 +    cd $1 +} +``` + +即使每次进入 `~/.bashrc` 文件时，我总是会忘记和傻笑，我也有一个“刷新上游”命令： + +``` +alias yoink="git checkout master && git fetch upstream master && git merge upstream/master" +``` + +给 Git 人的另一个辅助程序是全局忽略文件。在你的 `git config --global --list` 中，你应该看到一个 `core.excludesfile`。如果没有，请[创建一个][6]，然后将你总是放到各个 `.gitignore` 文件中的内容填满它。作为 MacOS 上的 Python 开发人员，对我来说，这写内容是： + + +``` +.DS_Store     # macOS clutter +venv/         # I never want to commit my virtualenv +*.egg-info/*  # ... nor any locally compiled packages +__pycache__   # ... or source +*.swp         # ... nor any files open in vim +``` + +你可以在 [Gitignore.io][7] 或 GitHub 上的 [Gitignore 存储库][8]上找到其他建议。 + +### 轮到你了 + +你最喜欢的辅助程序命令是什么？请在评论中分享。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/20/1/bash-scripts-aliases + +作者：[Katie McLaughlin][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/glasnt +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/bash_command_line.png?itok=k4z94W2U (bash logo on green background) +[2]: https://opensource.com/article/19/9/getting-started-zsh +[3]: https://gnupg.org/ +[4]: https://cloud.google.com/service-infrastructure/docs/service-control/getting-started +[5]: mailto:git@github.com +[6]: https://help.github.com/en/github/using-git/ignoring-files#create-a-global-gitignore +[7]: https://www.gitignore.io/ +[8]: https://github.com/github/gitignore