From 17bba84abf7087ff354e255254e7cc56ef496b34 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: left Date: Thu, 11 Feb 2021 01:29:53 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 1/2] docs(tech): translate tmux --- ...es To Manage Multiple Terminal Sessions.md | 287 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 287 insertions(+) create mode 100644 translated/tech/20190610 Tmux Command Examples To Manage Multiple Terminal Sessions.md diff --git a/translated/tech/20190610 Tmux Command Examples To Manage Multiple Terminal Sessions.md b/translated/tech/20190610 Tmux Command Examples To Manage Multiple Terminal Sessions.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c86b644830 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20190610 Tmux Command Examples To Manage Multiple Terminal Sessions.md @@ -0,0 +1,287 @@ +[#]: collector: (lujun9972) +[#]: translator: ( chensanle ) +[#]: reviewer: ( ) +[#]: publisher: ( ) +[#]: url: ( ) +[#]: subject: (Tmux Command Examples To Manage Multiple Terminal Sessions) +[#]: via: (https://www.ostechnix.com/tmux-command-examples-to-manage-multiple-terminal-sessions/) +[#]: author: (sk https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/) + +基于 Tmux 的多会话终端管理示例 +====== + +![tmux 命令示例][1] + +我们已经了解到如何通过 [**GNU Screen**][2] 进行多会话管理。今天，我们将要领略另一个著名的命令行实用工具 **“Tmux”** 来管理会话。类似 GNU Screen，tmux 是一个帮助我们在单一终端窗口中创建多个会话，同一时间内同时运行多个应用程序或进程的终端复用工具。Tmux 免费、开源并且跨平台，支持 Linux、OpenBSD、FreeBSD、NetBSD 以及 Mac OS X。本文将讨论 Tmux 在 Linux 系统下的高频用法。 + +### Linux 下安装 Tmux + +Tmux 可以在绝大多数的 Linux 官方仓库下获取。 + +在 Arch Linux 或它的变种系统下，执行下列命令来安装： + +``` +$ sudo pacman -S tmux +``` + +Debian、Ubuntu 或 Linux Mint: + +``` +$ sudo apt-get install tmux +``` + +Fedora: +``` +$ sudo dnf install tmux +``` + +RHEL 和 CentOS: +``` +$ sudo yum install tmux +``` + +SUSE/openSUSE： +``` +$ sudo zypper install tmux +``` + +以上，我们已经完成 Tmux 的安装。之后我们继续看看其他的 Tmux 示例。 + +### Tmux 命令示例: 多会话管理 + +Tmux 默认所有命令的前置命令都是 **Ctrl+b**，使用前牢记这个快捷键即可。 +* * * + +**注意** **Screen** 的前置命令都是 **Ctrl+a**. + +* * * + +##### 创建 Tmux 会话 + +在终端中运行如下命令创建 Tmux 会话并附着进入： + +``` +tmux +``` + +抑或， + +``` +tmux new +``` + +Once you are inside the Tmux session, you will see a **green bar at the bottom** as shown in the screenshot below. +一旦进入 Tmux 会话，你将看到一个 **绿色的栏目沉在底部** 如下图所示。 + +![][3] + +创建 Tmux 会话 + +这个绿色的栏目能很容易提示，当前你是否身处 Tmux 会话当中。 + +##### 退出 Tmux 会话 + +退出当前 Tmux 会话仅需要使用 **Ctrl+b** 和 **d**。无需同时触发这两个快捷键，依次按下 “Ctrl+b” 和 “d” 即可。 + +退出当前会话后，你将能看到如下输出。 +``` +[detached (from session 0)] +``` + +##### 创建有名会话 + +如果使用多个会话，你很可能会混淆运行在多个会话中的应用程序。这种情况下，我们需要会话并赋予名称。譬如需要 web 相关服务的会话，就创建一个名称为 **“webserver”**（或任意一个其他名称） 的 Tmux 会话。 + +``` +tmux new -s webserver +``` + +这里是 Tmux 的有名会话 + +![][4] + +拥有自定义名称的 Tmux 会话 + +当你能够看到上述截图，这个 Tmux 会话的名称已经被标注为 **webserver**。如此，你可以在多个会话中，轻易的区分应用程序的所在。 + +退出会话，轻按 **Ctrl+b** 和 **d**。 + +##### 查看 Tmux 会话清单 + +查看 Tmux 会话清单，执行： + +``` +tmux ls +``` + +示例输出： + +![][5] + +如你所见，我们开启了两个 Tmux 会话。 + +##### 创建非附着会话 + +有时候，你可能想要简单创建会话，但是并不想自动切入该会话。 + +创建一个非附着会话，并赋予名称 **“ostechnix”**，运行： + +``` +tmux new -s ostechnix -d +``` + +上述命令将会创建一个名为 “ostechnix” 的会话，但是并不会附着进入。 + +你可以通过使用 “tmux ls” 命令验证： + +![][6] + +##### 进入 Tmux 会话 + +通过如下命令，你可以进入最后一个被创建的会话： + +``` +tmux attach +``` + +Or, + +``` +tmux a +``` + +如果你想进入任意一个指定的有名会话，譬如 “ostechnix”，运行： + +``` +tmux attach -t ostechnix +``` + +或者，简写为： + +``` +tmux a -t ostechnix +``` + +##### 关闭 Tmux 会话 + +当你完成或者不再需要 Tmux 会话，你可以通过如下命令关闭： + +``` +tmux kill-session -t ostechnix +``` + +当身处该会话时，使用 **Ctrl+b** 以及 **x**。点击 “y” 来关闭会话 + +可以通过 “tmux ls” 命令验证。 + +关闭所有 Tmux 服务下的所有会话，运行： + +``` +tmux kill-server +``` + +谨慎！这将终止所有 Tmux 会话，并不会产生任何警告，即便会话存在运行中的任务。 + +如果不存在活跃的 Tmux 会话，将看到如下输出： + +``` +$ tmux ls +no server running on /tmp/tmux-1000/default +``` + +##### 分离 Tmux 窗口 + +分割窗口成多个小窗口，在 Tmux 中，这个叫做 “Tmux panes”（Tmux 窗格）。每个窗格中可以同时运行多个不同的程序。每个窗格可以在不影响其他窗格的前提下可以调整大小、移动位置和控制关闭。我们可以水平、垂直或者二者混合的方式切割屏幕。 + +**水平切割窗格** + +欲水平切割窗格，使用 **Ctrl+b** 和 **“**（半个双引号）。 + +![][7] + +使用组合键进一步切割面板。 + +**垂直切割窗格** + +垂直切割面板，使用 **Ctrl+b** 和 **%** + +![][8] + +垂直切割 Tmux 窗格 + +**水平、垂直混合切割窗格** + +我们也可以同时采用水平和垂直的方案切割窗格。看看如下截图： + +![][9] + +分割 Tmux 窗格 + +受限，我通过 **Ctrl+b “** 水平分割，之后通过 **Ctrl+b** 垂直分割下方的窗格。 + +如你所见，每个窗格下我运行了不同的程序。 + +**切换窗格** + +通过 **Ctrl+b** 和 **方向键（上下左右）** 切换窗格。 + +**发送命令给所有窗格** + +之前的案例中，我们在每个窗格中运行了三个不同命令。其实，也可以发送相同的命令给所有窗格。 + +为此，使用 **Ctrl+b** 然后键入如下命令，之后按压 ENTER： + +``` +:setw synchronize-panes +``` + +现在在任意窗格中键入任何命令。你讲看到相同命令影响了所有窗格。 + +**Swap panes** +**交换窗格** + +使用 **Ctrl+b** 和 **o** 交换窗格。 + +**展示窗格数量** + +使用 **Ctrl+b** 和 **q** 展示窗格数量。 + +**终止窗格** + +要关闭窗格，直接键入 **exit** 并且使用 ENTER 键。或者，按压 **Ctrl+b** 和 **x**。你会看到确认信息。按压 **”y“** 关闭窗格。 + +![][10] + +关闭窗格。 + +这个阶段下，你已经获得了基本的 Tmux 技能来进行多会话管理，更多细节，参阅 man 页面。 + +``` +$ man tmux +``` + +GNU Screen 和 Tmux 工具都能透过 SSH 很好的管理远程服务器。学习 Screen 和 Tmux 命令，像个行家一样，彻底通过这些工具管理远程服务器。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.ostechnix.com/tmux-command-examples-to-manage-multiple-terminal-sessions/ + +作者：[sk][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Tmux-720x340.png +[2]: https://www.ostechnix.com/screen-command-examples-to-manage-multiple-terminal-sessions/ +[3]: https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Tmux-session.png +[4]: https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Named-Tmux-session.png +[5]: https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/List-Tmux-sessions.png +[6]: https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Create-detached-sessions.png +[7]: https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Horizontal-split.png +[8]: https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Vertical-split.png +[9]: https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Split-Panes.png +[10]: https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Kill-panes.png From f5c8f5b34ab1fab97731b598cc50b4549f7da4b6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: left Date: Thu, 11 Feb 2021 01:32:05 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 2/2] a --- ...es To Manage Multiple Terminal Sessions.md | 296 ------------------ 1 file changed, 296 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20190610 Tmux Command Examples To Manage Multiple Terminal Sessions.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20190610 Tmux Command Examples To Manage Multiple Terminal Sessions.md b/sources/tech/20190610 Tmux Command Examples To Manage Multiple Terminal Sessions.md deleted file mode 100644 index 2db2b57b40..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20190610 Tmux Command Examples To Manage Multiple Terminal Sessions.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,296 +0,0 @@ -[#]: collector: (lujun9972) -[#]: translator: ( chensanle ) -[#]: reviewer: ( ) -[#]: publisher: ( ) -[#]: url: ( ) -[#]: subject: (Tmux Command Examples To Manage Multiple Terminal Sessions) -[#]: via: (https://www.ostechnix.com/tmux-command-examples-to-manage-multiple-terminal-sessions/) -[#]: author: (sk https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/) - -Tmux Command Examples To Manage Multiple Terminal Sessions -====== - -![tmux command examples][1] - -We’ve already learned to use [**GNU Screen**][2] to manage multiple Terminal sessions. Today, we will see yet another well-known command-line utility named **“Tmux”** to manage Terminal sessions. Similar to GNU Screen, Tmux is also a Terminal multiplexer that allows us to create number of terminal sessions and run more than one programs or processes at the same time inside a single Terminal window. Tmux is free, open source and cross-platform program that supports Linux, OpenBSD, FreeBSD, NetBSD and Mac OS X. In this guide, we will discuss most-commonly used Tmux commands in Linux. - -### Installing Tmux in Linux - -Tmux is available in the official repositories of most Linux distributions. - -On Arch Linux and its variants, run the following command to install it. - -``` -$ sudo pacman -S tmux -``` - -On Debian, Ubuntu, Linux Mint: - -``` -$ sudo apt-get install tmux -``` - -On Fedora: - -``` -$ sudo dnf install tmux -``` - -On RHEL and CentOS: - -``` -$ sudo yum install tmux -``` - -On SUSE/openSUSE: - -``` -$ sudo zypper install tmux -``` - -Well, we have just installed Tmux. Let us go ahead and see some examples to learn how to use Tmux. - -### Tmux Command Examples To Manage Multiple Terminal Sessions - -The default prefix shortcut to all commands in Tmux is **Ctrl+b**. Just remember this keyboard shortcut when using Tmux. - -* * * - -**Note:** The default prefix to all **Screen** commands is **Ctrl+a**. - -* * * - -##### Creating Tmux sessions - -To create a new Tmux session and attach to it, run the following command from the Terminal: - -``` -tmux -``` - -Or, - -``` -tmux new -``` - -Once you are inside the Tmux session, you will see a **green bar at the bottom** as shown in the screenshot below. - -![][3] - -New Tmux session - -It is very handy to verify whether you’re inside a Tmux session or not. - -##### Detaching from Tmux sessions - -To detach from a current Tmux session, just press **Ctrl+b** and **d**. You don’t need to press this both Keyboard shortcut at a time. First press “Ctrl+b” and then press “d”. - -Once you’re detached from a session, you will see an output something like below. - -``` -[detached (from session 0)] -``` - -##### Creating named sessions - -If you use multiple sessions, you might get confused which programs are running on which sessions. In such cases, you can just create named sessions. For example if you wanted to perform some activities related to web server in a session, just create the Tmux session with a custom name, for example **“webserver”** (or any name of your choice). - -``` -tmux new -s webserver -``` - -Here is the new named Tmux session. - -![][4] - -Tmux session with a custom name - -As you can see in the above screenshot, the name of the Tmux session is **webserver**. This way you can easily identify which program is running on which session. - -To detach, simply press **Ctrl+b** and **d**. - -##### List Tmux sessions - -To view the list of open Tmux sessions, run: - -``` -tmux ls -``` - -Sample output: - -![][5] - -List Tmux sessions - -As you can see, I have two open Tmux sessions. - -##### Creating detached sessions - -Sometimes, you might want to simply create a session and don’t want to attach to it automatically. - -To create a new detached session named **“ostechnix”** , run: - -``` -tmux new -s ostechnix -d -``` - -The above command will create a new Tmux session called “ostechnix”, but won’t attach to it. - -You can verify if the session is created using “tmux ls” command: - -![][6] - -Create detached Tmux sessions - -##### Attaching to Tmux sessions - -You can attach to the last created session by running this command: - -``` -tmux attach -``` - -Or, - -``` -tmux a -``` - -If you want to attach to any specific named session, for example “ostechnix”, run: - -``` -tmux attach -t ostechnix -``` - -Or, shortly: - -``` -tmux a -t ostechnix -``` - -##### Kill Tmux sessions - -When you’re done and no longer required a Tmux session, you can kill it at any time with command: - -``` -tmux kill-session -t ostechnix -``` - -To kill when attached, press **Ctrl+b** and **x**. Hit “y” to kill the session. - -You can verify if the session is closed with “tmux ls” command. - -To Kill Tmux server along with all Tmux sessions, run: - -``` -tmux kill-server -``` - -Be careful! This will terminate all Tmux sessions even if there are any running jobs inside the sessions without any warning. - -When there were no running Tmux sessions, you will see the following output: - -``` -$ tmux ls -no server running on /tmp/tmux-1000/default -``` - -##### Split Tmux Session Windows - -Tmux has an option to split a single Tmux session window into multiple smaller windows called **Tmux panes**. This way we can run different programs on each pane and interact with all of them simultaneously. Each pane can be resized, moved and closed without affecting the other panes. We can split a Tmux window either horizontally or vertically or both at once. - -**Split panes horizontally** - -To split a pane horizontally, press **Ctrl+b** and **”** (single quotation mark). - -![][7] - -Split Tmux pane horizontally - -Use the same key combination to split the panes further. - -**Split panes vertically** - -To split a pane vertically, press **Ctrl+b** and **%**. - -![][8] - -Split Tmux panes vertically - -**Split panes horizontally and vertically** - -We can also split a pane horizontally and vertically at the same time. Take a look at the following screenshot. - -![][9] - -Split Tmux panes - -First, I did a horizontal split by pressing **Ctrl+b “** and then split the lower pane vertically by pressing **Ctrl+b %**. - -As you see in the above screenshot, I am running three different programs on each pane. - -**Switch between panes** - -To switch between panes, press **Ctrl+b** and **Arrow keys (Left, Right, Up, Down)**. - -**Send commands to all panes** - -In the previous example, we run three different commands on each pane. However, it is also possible to run send the same commands to all panes at once. - -To do so, press **Ctrl+b** and type the following command and hit ENTER: - -``` -:setw synchronize-panes -``` - -Now type any command on any pane. You will see that the same command is reflected on all panes. - -**Swap panes** - -To swap panes, press **Ctrl+b** and **o**. - -**Show pane numbers** - -Press **Ctrl+b** and **q** to show pane numbers. - -**Kill panes** - -To kill a pane, simply type **exit** and ENTER key. Alternatively, press **Ctrl+b** and **x**. You will see a confirmation message. Just press **“y”** to close the pane. - -![][10] - -Kill Tmux panes - -At this stage, you will get a basic idea of Tmux and how to use it to manage multiple Terminal sessions. For more details, refer man pages. - -``` -$ man tmux -``` - -Both GNU Screen and Tmux utilities can be very helpful when managing servers remotely via SSH. Learn Screen and Tmux commands thoroughly to manage your remote servers like a pro. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://www.ostechnix.com/tmux-command-examples-to-manage-multiple-terminal-sessions/ - -作者：[sk][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Tmux-720x340.png -[2]: https://www.ostechnix.com/screen-command-examples-to-manage-multiple-terminal-sessions/ -[3]: https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Tmux-session.png -[4]: https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Named-Tmux-session.png -[5]: https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/List-Tmux-sessions.png -[6]: https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Create-detached-sessions.png -[7]: https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Horizontal-split.png -[8]: https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Vertical-split.png -[9]: https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Split-Panes.png -[10]: https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Kill-panes.png