From d87edb8ec017ee3906300a31823e21aceecb6aa3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DarkSun Date: Thu, 28 Nov 2019 01:00:39 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] =?UTF-8?q?=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98:=2020191127=20Displaying=20d?= =?UTF-8?q?ates=20and=20times=20your=20way?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit sources/tech/20191127 Displaying dates and times your way.md --- ...127 Displaying dates and times your way.md | 180 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 180 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20191127 Displaying dates and times your way.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20191127 Displaying dates and times your way.md b/sources/tech/20191127 Displaying dates and times your way.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..725e94cb0c --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20191127 Displaying dates and times your way.md @@ -0,0 +1,180 @@ +[#]: collector: (lujun9972) +[#]: translator: ( ) +[#]: reviewer: ( ) +[#]: publisher: ( ) +[#]: url: ( ) +[#]: subject: (Displaying dates and times your way) +[#]: via: (https://www.networkworld.com/article/3481602/displaying-dates-and-times-your-way-with-linux.html) +[#]: author: (Sandra Henry-Stocker https://www.networkworld.com/author/Sandra-Henry_Stocker/) + +Displaying dates and times your way +====== +The Linux date command provides more options for displaying dates and times than you can shake a stick at (without hurting your wrist anyway). Here are some of the more useful choices. +Thinkstock / Tomislav Jakupec + +The date command on Linux systems is very straightforward. You type “date” and the date and time are displayed in a useful way. It includes the day-of-the-week, calendar date, time and time zone: + +``` +$ date +Tue 26 Nov 2019 11:45:11 AM EST +``` + +As long as your system is configured properly, you’ll see the date and current time along with your time zone. + +[[Get regularly scheduled insights by signing up for Network World newsletters.]][1] + +The command, however, also offers a lot of options to display date and time information differently. For example, if you want to display dates in the most useful format for sorting, you might want to use a command like this: + +[][2] + +BrandPost Sponsored by HPE + +[Take the Intelligent Route with Consumption-Based Storage][2] + +Combine the agility and economics of HPE storage with HPE GreenLake and run your IT department with efficiency. + +``` +$ date "+%Y-%m-%d" +2019-11-26 +``` + +In this case, the year, month and day are arranged in that order. Note that we use a capital Y to get a four-digit year. If we use a lowercase y, we’d see only a two-digit year (e.g., 19). Don’t let this induce you into thinking that if %m gives you a numeric month, **%**M might give you the name of the month. No, **%**M will report on minutes. To get the month in abbreviated name format, you would use **%**b and for a fully spelled out month, you would use **%**B. + +``` +$ date "+%b %B" +Nov November +``` + +Alternately, you might want to display the date in this commonly used format: + +``` +$ date +%D +11/26/19 +``` + +If you need a four-digit year, you can do this: + +``` +$ date "+%x" +11/26/2019 +``` + +Here’s an example that might be useful. Say that you need to create a daily report and have the file name include the date, you could use a command like this to create the file – probably in a script: + +``` +touch Report-`date "+%Y-%m-%d"` +``` + +When you list your reports, they’ll list in date order or reverse date order if you add -r. + +``` +$ ls -r Report* +Report-2019-11-26 +Report-2019-11-25 +Report-2019-11-22 +Report-2019-11-21 +Report-2019-11-20 +``` + +You can add other details to your date strings as well. The variety of options available is surprising. You could show which quarter of the year you’re in by using **date "+%q"** or display the date it was two months ago with a command like this: + +``` +$ date --date="2 months ago" +Thu 26 Sep 2019 09:02:43 AM EDT +``` + +Want to see what next Thursday’s date will be? You can use a command like **date --date="next thu"**, but understand that, for Linux, next Thursday means whatever Thursday follows today. That’s tomorrow if today is Wednesday – not Thursday of next week. However, you can specify Thursday of next week as in the second command below. + +``` +$ date --date="next thu" +Thu 28 Nov 2019 12:00:00 AM EST +$ date --date="next week thu" +Thu 05 Dec 2019 12:00:00 AM EST +``` + +The man page for the date command lists all of its options. The list is fairly mind boggling, but you’ll probably find some date/time display options that work really well for you. Here are some that you might find interesting. + +The date in universal time (UTC): + +``` +$ date -u +Tue 26 Nov 2019 01:13:59 PM UTC +``` + +The number of seconds since Jan 1, 1970 (related to how dates are stored on Linux systems): + +``` +$ date +%s +1574774137 +``` + +Here's a full listing of the date command's options. As I said, it's a lot more extensive than most of us likely imagine. + +``` +%% a literal % +%a locale's abbreviated weekday name (e.g., Sun) +%A locale's full weekday name (e.g., Sunday) +%b locale's abbreviated month name (e.g., Jan) +%B locale's full month name (e.g., January) +%c locale's date and time (e.g., Thu Mar 3 23:05:25 2005) +%C century; like %Y, except omit last two digits (e.g., 20) +%d day of month (e.g., 01) +%D date; same as %m/%d/%y +%e day of month, space padded; same as %_d +%F full date; same as %Y-%m-%d +%g last two digits of year of ISO week number (see %G) +%G year of ISO week number (see %V); normally useful only with %V +%h same as %b +%H hour (00..23) +%I hour (01..12) +%j day of year (001..366) +%k hour, space padded ( 0..23); same as %_H +%l hour, space padded ( 1..12); same as %_I +%m month (01..12) +%M minute (00..59) +%n a newline +%N nanoseconds (000000000..999999999) +%p locale's equivalent of either AM or PM; blank if not known +%P like %p, but lower case +%q quarter of year (1..4) +%r locale's 12-hour clock time (e.g., 11:11:04 PM) +%R 24-hour hour and minute; same as %H:%M +%s seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC +%S second (00..60) +%t a tab +%T time; same as %H:%M:%S +%u day of week (1..7); 1 is Monday +%U week number of year, with Sunday as first day of week (00..53) +%V ISO week number, with Monday as first day of week (01..53) +%w day of week (0..6); 0 is Sunday +%W week number of year, with Monday as first day of week (00..53) +%x locale's date representation (e.g., 12/31/99) +%X locale's time representation (e.g., 23:13:48) +%y last two digits of year (00..99) +%Y year +%z +hhmm numeric time zone (e.g., -0400) +%:z +hh:mm numeric time zone (e.g., -04:00) +%::z +hh:mm:ss numeric time zone (e.g., -04:00:00) +%:::z numeric time zone with : to necessary precision (e.g., -04, +05:30) +%Z alphabetic time zone abbreviation (e.g., EDT) +``` + +Join the Network World communities on [Facebook][3] and [LinkedIn][4] to comment on topics that are top of mind. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3481602/displaying-dates-and-times-your-way-with-linux.html + +作者：[Sandra Henry-Stocker][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.networkworld.com/author/Sandra-Henry_Stocker/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://www.networkworld.com/newsletters/signup.html +[2]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3440100/take-the-intelligent-route-with-consumption-based-storage.html?utm_source=IDG&utm_medium=promotions&utm_campaign=HPE20773&utm_content=sidebar ( Take the Intelligent Route with Consumption-Based Storage) +[3]: https://www.facebook.com/NetworkWorld/ +[4]: https://www.linkedin.com/company/network-world