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published/20180914 A day in the life of a log message.md
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一条日志消息的现代生活
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======
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> 从一条日志消息的角度来巡览现代分布式系统。
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混沌系统往往是不可预测的。在构建像分布式系统这样复杂的东西时，这一点尤其明显。如果不加以控制，这种不可预测性会无止境的浪费时间。因此，分布式系统的每个组件，无论多小，都必须设计成以简化的方式组合在一起。
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[Kubernetes][1] 为抽象计算资源提供了一个很有前景的模型 —— 但即使是它也必须与其他分布式平台（如 [Apache Kafka][2]）协调一致，以确保可靠的数据传输。如果有人要整合这两个平台，它会如何运作？此外，如果你通过这样的系统跟踪像日志消息这么简单的东西，它会是什么样子？本文将重点介绍来自在 [OKD][3] 内运行的应用程序的日志消息如何通过 Kafka 进入数据仓库（OKD 是为 Red Hat OpenShift 提供支持的 Kubernetes 的原初社区发行版）。
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### OKD 定义的环境
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这样的旅程始于 OKD，因为该容器平台完全覆盖了它抽象的硬件。这意味着日志消息等待由驻留在容器中的应用程序写入 stdout 或 stderr 流。从那里，日志消息被容器引擎（例如 [CRI-O][4]）重定向到节点的文件系统。
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在 OpenShift 中，一个或多个容器封装在称为 pod（豆荚）的虚拟计算节点中。实际上，在 OKD 中运行的所有应用程序都被抽象为 pod。这允许应用程序以统一的方式操纵。这也大大简化了分布式组件之间的通信，因为 pod 可以通过 IP 地址和[负载均衡服务][5]进行系统寻址。因此，当日志消息由日志收集器应用程序从节点的文件系统获取时，它可以很容易地传递到在 OpenShift 中运行的另一个 pod 中。
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### 在豆荚里的两个豌豆
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|
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为了确保可以在整个分布式系统中四处传播日志消息，日志收集器需要将日志消息传递到在 OpenShift 中运行的 Kafka 集群数据中心。通过 Kafka，日志消息可以以可靠且容错的方式低延迟传递给消费应用程序。但是，为了在 OKD 定义的环境中获得 Kafka 的好处，Kafka 需要完全集成到 OKD 中。
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运行 [Strimzi 操作子][6]将所有 Kafka 组件实例化为 pod，并将它们集成在 OKD 环境中运行。 这包括用于排队日志消息的 Kafka 代理，用于从 Kafka 代理读取和写入的 Kafka 连接器，以及用于管理 Kafka 集群状态的 Zookeeper 节点。Strimzi 还可以将日志收集器实例化兼做 Kafka 连接器，允许日志收集器将日志消息直接提供给在 OKD 中运行的 Kafka 代理 pod。
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### 在 OKD 内的 Kafka
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当日志收集器 pod 将日志消息传递给 Kafka 代理时，收集器会写到单个代理分区，并将日志消息附加到该分区的末尾。使用 Kafka 的一个优点是它将日志收集器与日志的最终目标分离。由于解耦，日志收集器不关心日志最后是放在 [Elasticsearch][7]、Hadoop、Amazon S3 中的某个还是全都。Kafka 与所有基础设施连接良好，因此 Kafka 连接器可以在任何需要的地方获取日志消息。
|
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|
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一旦写入 Kafka 代理的分区，该日志消息就会在 Kafka 集群内的跨代理分区复制。这是它的一个非常强大的概念；结合平台的自愈功能，它创建了一个非常有弹性的分布式系统。例如，当节点变得不可用时，（故障）节点上运行的应用程序几乎立即在健康节点上生成。因此，即使带有 Kafka 代理的节点丢失或损坏，日志消息也能保证存活在尽可能多的节点上，并且新的 Kafka 代理将快速原位取代。
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### 存储起来
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在日志消息被提交到 Kafka 主题后，它将等待 Kafka 连接器使用它，该连接器将日志消息中继到分析引擎或日志记录仓库。在传递到其最终目的地时，可以分析日志消息以进行异常检测，也可以查询日志以立即进行根本原因分析，或用于其他目的。无论哪种方式，日志消息都由 Kafka 以安全可靠的方式传送到目的地。
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OKD 和 Kafka 是正在迅速发展的功能强大的分布式平台。创建能够在不影响性能的情况下抽象出分布式计算的复杂特性的系统至关重要。毕竟，如果我们不能简化单一日志消息的旅程，我们怎么能夸耀全系统的效率呢？
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
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via: https://opensource.com/article/18/9/life-log-message
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|
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作者：[Josef Karásek][a]
|
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选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
|
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译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
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|
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[a]: https://opensource.com/users/jkarasek
|
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[1]: https://kubernetes.io/
|
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[2]: https://kafka.apache.org/
|
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[3]: https://www.okd.io/
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[4]: http://cri-o.io/
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[5]: https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/
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[6]: http://strimzi.io/
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[7]: https://www.elastic.co/
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@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
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[#]: translator: (arrowfeng)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: (wxy)
|
||||
[#]: publisher: (wxy)
|
||||
[#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-10992-1.html)
|
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[#]: subject: (5 essential values for the DevOps mindset)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/19/5/values-devops-mindset)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Brent Aaron Reed https://opensource.com/users/brentaaronreed/users/wpschaub/users/wpschaub/users/wpschaub/users/cobiacomm/users/marcobravo/users/brentaaronreed)
|
||||
|
||||
DevOps 思维模式的 5 个基本价值观
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
> 人和流程比在解决的业务问题的任何技术“银弹”更重要，且需要花更多的时间。
|
||||
|
||||
![human head, brain outlined with computer hardware background][1]
|
||||
|
||||
今天的许多 IT 专业人士都在努力适应变化和扰动。这么说吧，你是否正在努力适应变化？你觉得不堪重负吗？这并不罕见。今天，IT 的现状还不够好，所以需要不断尝试重新自我演进。
|
||||
|
||||
凭借 30 多年的IT综合经验，我们见证了人员与关系对于 IT 企业提高效率和帮助企业蓬勃发展的重要性。但是，在大多数情况下，我们关于 IT 解决方案的对话始于技术，而不是从人员和流程开始。寻找“银弹”来解决业务和 IT 挑战的倾向过于普遍。但你不能想着可以买到创新、DevOps 或有效的团队和工作方式；他们需要得到培养，支持和引导。
|
||||
|
||||
由于扰动如此普遍，并且对变革速度存在如此迫切的需求，我们需要纪律和围栏。下面描述的 DevOps 思维模式的五个基本价值观将支持将我们的实践。这些价值观不是新观念；正如我们从经验中学到的那样，它们被重构了。一些价值观可以互换的，它们是灵活的，并且它们如支柱一样导向了支持这五个价值观的整体原则。
|
||||
|
||||
![5 essential values for the DevOps mindset][2]
|
||||
|
||||
### 1、利益相关方的反馈至关重要
|
||||
|
||||
我们如何知道我们是否为我们创造了比利益相关方更多的价值？我们需要持久的质量数据来分析、通知并推动更好的决策。来自可靠来源的相关信息对于任何业务的蓬勃发展至关重要。我们需要倾听并理解我们的利益相关方所说的，而不是说我们需要以一种方式实施变革，使我们能够调整我们的思维、流程和技术，并根据需要对其进行调整以使我们的利益相关者满意。由于信息（数据）不正确，我们常常看到的变化过少，或者由于错误的原因而发生了很多变化。因此，将变更与利益相关方的反馈结合起来是一项基本价值观，并有助我们专注于使公司成功最重要的事情。
|
||||
|
||||
> 关注我们的利益相关方及其反馈，而不仅仅是为了改变而改变。
|
||||
|
||||
### 2、超越当今流程的极限进行改进
|
||||
|
||||
我们希望我们的产品和服务能够不断让客户满意，他们是我们最重要的利益相关方。因此，我们需要不断改进。这不仅仅是关系到质量；它还可能意味着成本、可用性、相关性以及许多其他目标和因素。创建可重复的流程或使用通用框架是非常棒的，它们可以改善治理和许多其他问题。但是，这不应该是我们的最终目标。在寻找改进方法时，我们必须调整我们的流程，并辅以正确的技术和工具。可能有理由抛出一个“所谓的”框架，因为不这样做可能会增加浪费，更糟糕的是只是“货物结果”（做一些没有价值或目的的东西）。
|
||||
|
||||
> 力争始终创新并改进可重复的流程和框架。
|
||||
|
||||
### 3、不要用新的孤岛来打破旧的孤岛
|
||||
|
||||
孤岛和 DevOps 是不兼容的。我们经常能看到：IT 主管带来了所谓的“专家”来实施敏捷和 DevOps，他们做了什么？这些“专家”在现有问题的基础上创建了一个新问题，这是 IT 部门和业务中又增加了一个孤岛。创造“DevOps”职位违背了敏捷和 DevOps 基于打破孤岛的原则。在敏捷和 DevOps 中，团队合作是必不可少的，如果你不在自组织团队中工作，那么你就不会做任何事情。
|
||||
|
||||
> 相互激励和共享，而不是成为英雄或创建一个孤岛。
|
||||
|
||||
### 4、了解你的客户意味着跨组织协作
|
||||
|
||||
企业的任何一个部分都不是一个独立的实体，因为它们都有利益相关方，主要利益相关方始终是客户。“客户永远是对的”（或国王，我喜欢这样说）。关键是，没有客户就真的没有业务，而且为了保持业务，如今我们需要与竞争对手“区别对待”。我们还需要了解客户对我们的看法以及他们对我们的期望。了解客户的需求势在必行，需要及时反馈，以确保业务能够快速、负责地满足这些主要利益相关者的需求和关注。
|
||||
|
||||
![Minimize time spent with build-measure-learn process][3]
|
||||
|
||||
无论是想法、概念、假设还是直接利益相关方的反馈，我们都需要通过使用探索、构建、测试和交付生命周期来识别和衡量我们的产品提供的功能或服务。从根本上说，这意味着我们需要在整个组织中“插入”我们的组织。在持续创新、学习和 DevOps 方面没有任何边界。因此，当我们在整个企业中进行衡量时，我们可以理解整体并采取可行的、有意义的步骤来改进。
|
||||
|
||||
> 衡量整个组织的绩效，而不仅仅是在业务范围内。
|
||||
|
||||
### 5、通过热情鼓励采纳
|
||||
|
||||
不是每个人都要被驱使去学习、适应和改变；然而，就像微笑可能具有传染性一样，学习和意愿成为变革文化的一部分也是如此。在学习文化中适应和演化为一群人提供了学习和传递信息（即文化传播）的自然机制。学习风格、态度、方法和过程不断演化，因此我们可以改进它们。下一步是应用所学和改进的内容并与同事分享信息。学习不会自动发生；它需要努力、评估、纪律、意识，特别是沟通；遗憾的是，这些都是工具和自动化无法提供的。检查你的流程、自动化、工具策略和实施工作，使其透明化，并与你的同事协作重复使用和改进。
|
||||
|
||||
> 通过精益交付促进学习文化，而不仅仅是工具和自动化。
|
||||
|
||||
### 总结
|
||||
|
||||
![Continuous goals of DevOps mindset][4]
|
||||
|
||||
随着我们的公司采用 DevOps，我们继续在各种书籍、网站或自动化软件上倡导这五个价值观。采用这种思维方式需要时间，这与我们以前作为系统管理员所做的完全不同。这是一种全新的工作方式，需要很多年才能成熟。这些原则是否与你自己的原则一致？在评论或我们的网站 [Agents of chaos][5] 上分享。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/19/5/values-devops-mindset
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Brent Aaron Reed][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[arrowfeng](https://github.com/arrowfeng)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/brentaaronreed/users/wpschaub/users/wpschaub/users/wpschaub/users/cobiacomm/users/marcobravo/users/brentaaronreed
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/brain_data.png?itok=RH6NA32X (human head, brain outlined with computer hardware background)
|
||||
[2]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/devops_mindset_values.png (5 essential values for the DevOps mindset)
|
||||
[3]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/devops_mindset_minimze-time.jpg (Minimize time spent with build-measure-learn process)
|
||||
[4]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/devops_mindset_continuous.png (Continuous goals of DevOps mindset)
|
||||
[5]: http://agents-of-chaos.org
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (geekpi)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: (wxy)
|
||||
[#]: publisher: (wxy)
|
||||
[#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-10991-1.html)
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Neofetch – Display Linux system Information In Terminal)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://www.ostechnix.com/neofetch-display-linux-systems-information/)
|
||||
[#]: author: (sk https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/)
|
||||
|
||||
Neofetch：在终端中显示 Linux 系统信息
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
![Display Linux system information using Neofetch][1]
|
||||
|
||||
Neofetch 是一个简单但有用的命令行系统信息工具，它用 Bash 编写。它会收集有关系统软硬件的信息，并在终端中显示结果。默认情况下，系统信息将与操作系统的 logo 一起显示。但是，你可以进一步地自定义使用 ascii 图像或其他任何图片。你还可以配置 Neofetch 显示的信息、信息的显示位置和时间。Neofetch 主要用于系统信息的截图。它支持 Linux、BSD、Mac OS X、iOS 和 Windows 操作系统。在这个简短的教程中，让我们看看如何使用 Neofetch 显示 Linux 系统信息。
|
||||
|
||||
### 安装 Neofetch
|
||||
|
||||
Neofetch 可在大多数 Linux 发行版的默认仓库中找到。
|
||||
|
||||
在 Arch Linux 及其衍生版上，使用这个命令安装它：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo pacman -S netofetch
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
在 Debian（Stretch / Sid）上：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install neofetch
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
在 Fedora 27 上：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo dnf install neofetch
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
在 RHEL、CentOS 上：
|
||||
|
||||
启用 EPEL 仓库：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# yum install epel-relase
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
获取 neofetch 仓库：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/konimex-neofetch-epel-7.repo
|
||||
https://copr.fedorainfracloud.org/coprs/konimex/neofetch/repo/epel-7/konimex-neofetch-epel-7.repo
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
然后，安装 Neofetch：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# yum install neofetch
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
在 Ubuntu 17.10 和更新版本上：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install neofetch
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
在 Ubuntu 16.10 和更低版本上：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:dawidd0811/neofetch
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt update
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt install neofetch
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
在 NixOS 上：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ nix-env -i neofetch
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 使用 Neofetch 显示 Linux 系统信息
|
||||
|
||||
Neofetch 非常简单直接。让我们看一些例子。
|
||||
|
||||
打开终端，然后运行以下命令：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ neofetch
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
示例输出：
|
||||
|
||||
![][2]
|
||||
|
||||
*使用 Neofetch 显示 Linux 系统信息*
|
||||
|
||||
正如你在上面的输出中所看到的，Neofetch 显示了我的 Arch Linux 系统的以下详细信息：
|
||||
|
||||
* 已安装操作系统的名称，
|
||||
* 笔记本型号，
|
||||
* 内核详细信息，
|
||||
* 系统运行时间，
|
||||
* 默认和其他软件包管理器安装的软件数量
|
||||
* 默认 shell，
|
||||
* 屏幕分辨率，
|
||||
* 桌面环境，
|
||||
* 窗口管理器，
|
||||
* 窗口管理器的主题，
|
||||
* 系统主题，
|
||||
* 系统图标，
|
||||
* 默认终端，
|
||||
* CPU 类型，
|
||||
* GPU 类型，
|
||||
* 已安装的内存。
|
||||
|
||||
Neofetch 还有很多其他选项。我们会看到其中一些。
|
||||
|
||||
### 如何在 Neofetch 输出中使用自定义图像？
|
||||
|
||||
默认情况下，Neofetch 将显示你的操作系统 logo 以及系统信息。当然，你可以根据需要更改图像。
|
||||
|
||||
要显示图像，Linux 系统应该安装以下依赖项：
|
||||
|
||||
1. w3m-img（用于显示图像。w3m-img 有时与 w3m 包捆绑在一起），
|
||||
2. Imagemagick（用于创建缩略图），
|
||||
3. 支持 `\033[14t` 或者 xdotool 或者 xwininfo + xprop 或者 xwininfo + xdpyinfo 的终端。
|
||||
|
||||
大多数 Linux 发行版的默认仓库中都提供了 W3m-img 和 ImageMagick 包。因此，你可以使用你的发行版的默认包管理器来安装它们。
|
||||
|
||||
例如，运行以下命令在 Debian、Ubuntu、Linux Mint 上安装 w3m-img 和 ImageMagick：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo apt install w3m-img imagemagick
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
以下是带 w3m-img 支持的终端列表：
|
||||
|
||||
1. Gnome-terminal，
|
||||
2. Konsole，
|
||||
3. st，
|
||||
4. Terminator，
|
||||
5. Termite，
|
||||
6. URxvt，
|
||||
7. Xfce4-Terminal，
|
||||
8. Xterm
|
||||
|
||||
如果你的系统上已经有了 kitty、Terminology 和 iTerm，那么就无需安装 w3m-img。
|
||||
|
||||
现在，运行以下命令以使用自定义图像显示系统信息：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ neofetch --w3m /home/sk/Pictures/image.png
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
或者，
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ neofetch --w3m --source /home/sk/Pictures/image.png
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
示例输出：
|
||||
|
||||
![][3]
|
||||
|
||||
*使用自定义 logo 的 Neofetch 输出*
|
||||
|
||||
使用你自己的图片替换上面图片的路径。
|
||||
|
||||
或者，你可以指向包含以下图像的目录。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ neofetch --w3m <path-to-directory>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 配置 Neofetch
|
||||
|
||||
当我们第一次运行 Neofetch 时，它默认会为每个用户在 `$HOME/.config/neofetch/config.conf` 中创建一个配置文件。它还会在 `$HOME/.config/neofetch/config` 中创建一个全局的 neofetch 配置文件。你可以调整此文件来告诉 neofetch 该显示、删除和/或修改哪些详细信息。
|
||||
|
||||
还可以在不同版本中保留此配置文件。这意味着你只需根据自己的喜好自定义一次，并在升级到更新版本后使用相同的设置。你甚至可以将此文件共享给你的朋友和同事，使他拥有与你相同的设置。
|
||||
|
||||
要查看 Neofetch 帮助部分，请运行：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ neofetch --help
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
就我测试的 Neofetch 而言，它在我的 Arch Linux 系统中完美地工作。它是一个非常方便的工具，可以在终端中轻松快速地打印系统的详细信息。
|
||||
|
||||
相关阅读：
|
||||
|
||||
* [如何使用 inxi 查看 Linux 系统详细信息][4]
|
||||
|
||||
资源：
|
||||
|
||||
* [Neofetch 的 GitHub 页面][5]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.ostechnix.com/neofetch-display-linux-systems-information/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[sk][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/neofetch-1-720x340.png
|
||||
[2]: http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Neofetch-1.png
|
||||
[3]: http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Neofetch-with-custom-logo.png
|
||||
[4]: https://www.ostechnix.com/how-to-find-your-system-details-using-inxi/
|
||||
[5]: https://github.com/dylanaraps/neofetch
|
||||
@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (geekpi)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: (wxy)
|
||||
[#]: publisher: (wxy)
|
||||
[#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-10994-1.html)
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Search Linux Applications On AppImage, Flathub And Snapcraft Platforms)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://www.ostechnix.com/search-linux-applications-on-appimage-flathub-and-snapcraft-platforms/)
|
||||
[#]: author: (sk https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/)
|
||||
@ -12,23 +12,23 @@
|
||||
|
||||
![Search Linux Applications On AppImage, Flathub And Snapcraft][1]
|
||||
|
||||
Linux 一直在发展。过去，开发人员必须分别为不同的 Linux 发行版构建应用。由于存在多种 Linux 变体，因此为所有发行版构建应用变得很繁琐，而且非常耗时。接着一些开发人员发明了包转换器和构建器，如 [**Checkinstall**][2]、[**Debtap**][3] 和 [**Fpm**][4]。但他们没有完全解决问题。所有这些工具都只是将一种包格式转换为另一种包格式。我们仍然需要找到并安装应用运行所需的依赖项。
|
||||
Linux 一直在发展。过去，开发人员必须分别为不同的 Linux 发行版构建应用。由于存在多种 Linux 变体，因此为所有发行版构建应用变得很繁琐，而且非常耗时。后来一些开发人员发明了包转换器和构建器，如 [Checkinstall][2]、[Debtap][3] 和 [Fpm][4]。但他们也没有完全解决问题。所有这些工具都只是将一种包格式转换为另一种包格式。我们仍然需要找到应用并安装运行所需的依赖项。
|
||||
|
||||
好吧，时代已经变了。我们现在有了通用的 Linux 应用。这意味着我们可以在大多数 Linux 发行版上安装这些应用。无论是 Arch Linux、Debian、CentOS、Redhat、Ubuntu 还是任何流行的 Linux 发行版，通用应用都可以正常使用。这些应用与所有必需的库和依赖项打包在一个包中。我们所要做的就是在我们使用的任何 Linux 发行版上下载并运行它们。流行的通用应用格式有 **AppImages**、[**Flatpaks**][5] 和 [**Snaps**][6]。
|
||||
好吧，时代已经变了。我们现在有了通用的 Linux 应用。这意味着我们可以在大多数 Linux 发行版上安装这些应用。无论是 Arch Linux、Debian、CentOS、Redhat、Ubuntu 还是任何流行的 Linux 发行版，通用应用都可以正常使用。这些应用与所有必需的库和依赖项打包在一个包中。我们所要做的就是在我们使用的任何 Linux 发行版上下载并运行它们。流行的通用应用格式有 AppImage、[Flatpak][5] 和 [Snap][6]。
|
||||
|
||||
AppImages 由 **Simon peter** 创建和维护。许多流行的应用，如 Gimp、Firefox、Krita 等等，都有这些格式，并可直接在下载页面下载。只需下载它们，使其可执行并立即运行它。你甚至无需 root 权限来运行 AppImages。
|
||||
AppImage 由 Simon peter 创建和维护。许多流行的应用，如 Gimp、Firefox、Krita 等等，都有这些格式，并可直接在下载页面下载。只需下载它们，使其可执行并立即运行它。你甚至无需 root 权限来运行 AppImage。
|
||||
|
||||
Flatpak 的开发人员是 **Alexander Larsson**（RedHat 员工）。 Flatpak 应用托管在名为 **“Flathub”** 的中央仓库（商店）中。如果你是开发人员，建议你使用 Flatpak 格式构建应用，并通过 Flathub 将其分发给用户。
|
||||
Flatpak 的开发人员是 Alexander Larsson（RedHat 员工）。Flatpak 应用托管在名为 “Flathub” 的中央仓库（商店）中。如果你是开发人员，建议你使用 Flatpak 格式构建应用，并通过 Flathub 将其分发给用户。
|
||||
|
||||
**Snaps** 由 **Canonical** 而建，主要用于 Ubuntu。但是，其他 Linux 发行版的开发人员开始为 Snap 打包格式做出贡献。因此，Snaps 也开始适用于其他 Linux 发行版。Snaps 可以直接从应用的下载页面下载，也可以从 **Snapcraft** 商店下载。
|
||||
Snap 由 Canonical 而建，主要用于 Ubuntu。但是，其他 Linux 发行版的开发人员开始为 Snap 打包格式做出贡献。因此，Snap 也开始适用于其他 Linux 发行版。Snap 可以直接从应用的下载页面下载，也可以从 Snapcraft 商店下载。
|
||||
|
||||
许多受欢迎的公司和开发人员已经发布了 AppImage、Flatpak 和 Snap 格式的应用。如果你在寻找一款应用，只需进入相应的商店并获取你选择的应用并运行它，而不用管你使用何种 Linux 发行版。
|
||||
|
||||
还有一个名为 **“Chob”** 的命令行通用应用搜索工具可在 AppImage、Flathub 和 Snapcraft 平台上轻松搜索 Linux 应用。此工具仅搜索给定的应用并在默认浏览器中显示官方链接。它不会安装它们。本指南将解释如何安装 Chob 并使用它来搜索 Linux 上的 AppImages、Flatpaks 和 Snaps。
|
||||
还有一个名为 “Chob” 的命令行通用应用搜索工具可在 AppImage、Flathub 和 Snapcraft 平台上轻松搜索 Linux 应用。此工具仅搜索给定的应用并在默认浏览器中显示官方链接。它不会安装它们。本指南将解释如何安装 Chob 并使用它来搜索 Linux 上的 AppImage、Flatpak 和 Snap。
|
||||
|
||||
### 使用 Chob 在 AppImage、Flathub 和 Snapcraft 平台上搜索 Linux 应用
|
||||
|
||||
从[**发布页面**][7]下载最新的 Chob 二进制文件。在编写本指南时，最新版本为 **0.3.5**。
|
||||
从[发布页面][7]下载最新的 Chob 二进制文件。在编写本指南时，最新版本为 0.3.5。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ wget https://github.com/MuhammedKpln/chob/releases/download/0.3.5/chob-linux
|
||||
@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ $ wget https://github.com/MuhammedKpln/chob/releases/download/0.3.5/chob-linux
|
||||
$ chmod +x chob-linux
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
最后，搜索你想要的应用。例如，我将搜索与 **Vim** 相关的应用。
|
||||
最后，搜索你想要的应用。例如，我将搜索与 Vim 相关的应用。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ ./chob-linux vim
|
||||
@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ Chob 将在 AppImage、Flathub 和 Snapcraft 平台上搜索给定的应用（
|
||||
|
||||
![][8]
|
||||
|
||||
使用 Chob 搜索 Linux 应用
|
||||
*使用 Chob 搜索 Linux 应用*
|
||||
|
||||
只需要输入你想要应用前面的数字就可在默认浏览器中打开它的官方链接，并可在其中阅读应用的详细信息。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -60,10 +60,9 @@ Chob 将在 AppImage、Flathub 和 Snapcraft 平台上搜索给定的应用（
|
||||
|
||||
有关更多详细信息，请查看下面的 Chob 官方 GitHub 页面。
|
||||
|
||||
**资源：**
|
||||
|
||||
* [**Chob 的 GitHub 仓库**][10]
|
||||
资源：
|
||||
|
||||
* [Chob 的 GitHub 仓库][10]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
@ -73,7 +72,7 @@ via: https://www.ostechnix.com/search-linux-applications-on-appimage-flathub-and
|
||||
作者：[sk][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (5 transferable higher-education skills)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/19/6/5-transferable-higher-education-skills)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Stephon Brown https://opensource.com/users/stephb)
|
||||
|
||||
5 transferable higher-education skills
|
||||
======
|
||||
If you're moving from the Ivory Tower to the Matrix, you already have
|
||||
the foundation for success in the developer role.
|
||||
![Two hands holding a resume with computer, clock, and desk chair ][1]
|
||||
|
||||
My transition from a higher-education professional into the tech realm was comparable to moving from a pond into an ocean. There was so much to learn, and after learning, there was still so much more to learn!
|
||||
|
||||
Rather than going down the rabbit hole and being overwhelmed by what I did not know, in the last two to three months, I have been able to take comfort in the realization that I was not entirely out of my element as a developer. The skills I acquired during my six years as a university professional gave me the foundation to be successful in the developer role.
|
||||
|
||||
These skills are transferable in any direction you plan to go within or outside tech, and it's valuable to reflect on how they apply to your new position.
|
||||
|
||||
### 1\. Composition and documentation
|
||||
|
||||
Higher education is replete with opportunities to develop skills related to composition and communication. In most cases, clear writing and communication are mandatory requirements for university administrative and teaching positions. Although you may not yet be well-versed in deep technical concepts, learning documentation and writing your progress may be two of the strongest skills you bring as a former higher education administrator. All of those "In response to…" emails will finally come in handy when describing the inner workings of a class or leaving succinct comments for other developers to follow what you have implemented.
|
||||
|
||||
### 2\. Problem-solving and critical thinking
|
||||
|
||||
Whether you've been an adviser who sits with students and painstakingly develops class schedules for graduation or a finance buff who balances government funds, you will not leave critical thinking behind as you transition into a developer role. Although your critical thinking may have seemed specialized for your work, the skill of turning problems into opportunities is not lost when contributing to code. The experience gained while spending long days and nights revising recruitment strategies will be necessary when composing algorithms and creative ways of delivering data. Continue to foster a passion for solving problems, and you will not have any trouble becoming an efficient and skillful developer.
|
||||
|
||||
### 3\. Communication
|
||||
|
||||
Though it may seem to overlap with writing (above), communication spans verbal and written disciplines. When you're interacting with clients and leadership, you may have a leg up over your peers because of your higher-education experience. Being approachable and understanding how to manage interactions are skills that some software practitioners may not have fostered to an impactful level. Although you will experience days of staring at a screen and banging your head against the keyboard, you can rest well in knowing you can describe technical concepts and interact with a wide range of audiences, from clients to peers.
|
||||
|
||||
### 4\. Leadership
|
||||
|
||||
Sitting on that panel; planning that event; leading that workshop. All of those experiences provide you with the grounding to plan and lead smaller projects as a new developer. Leadership is not limited to heading up large and small teams; its essence lies in taking initiative. This can be volunteering to do research on a new feature or do more extensive unit tests for your code. However you use it, your foundation as an educator will allow you to go further in technology development and maintenance.
|
||||
|
||||
### 5\. Research
|
||||
|
||||
You can Google with the best of them. Being able to clearly truncate your query into the idea you are searching for is characteristic of a higher-education professional. Most administrator or educator jobs focus on solving problems in a defined process for qualitative, quantitative, or mixed results; therefore, cultivating your scientific mind is valuable when providing software solutions. Your research skills also open opportunities for branching into data science and machine learning.
|
||||
|
||||
### Bonus: Collaboration
|
||||
|
||||
Being able to reach across various offices and fields for event planning and program implementation fit well within team collaboration—both within your new team and across development teams. This may leak into the project management realm, but being able to plan and divide work between teams and establish accountability will allow you as a new developer to understand the software development lifecycle process a little more intimately because of your past related experience.
|
||||
|
||||
### Summary
|
||||
|
||||
As a developer jumping head-first into technology after years of walking students through the process of navigating higher education, [imposter syndrome][2] has been a constant fear since moving into technology. However, I have been able to take heart in knowing my experience as an educator and an administrator has not gone in vain. If you are like me, be encouraged in knowing that these transferable skills, some of which fall into the soft-skills and other categories, will continue to benefit you as a developer and a professional.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/19/6/5-transferable-higher-education-skills
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Stephon Brown][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/stephb
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/resume_career_document_general.png?itok=JEaFL2XI (Two hands holding a resume with computer, clock, and desk chair )
|
||||
[2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impostor_syndrome
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Use ImageGlass to quickly view JPG images as a slideshow)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/19/6/use-imageglass-view-jpg-images-slideshow-windows-10)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Jeff Macharyas https://opensource.com/users/jeffmacharyas)
|
||||
|
||||
Use ImageGlass to quickly view JPG images as a slideshow
|
||||
======
|
||||
Want to view images from a folder one-by-one in a slideshow on Windows
|
||||
10? Open source to the rescue.
|
||||
![Looking back with binoculars][1]
|
||||
|
||||
Welcome to today’s episode of "How Can I Make This Work?" In my case, I was trying to view a folder of JPG images as a slideshow on Windows 10. As often happens, I turned to open source to solve the issue.
|
||||
|
||||
On a Mac, viewing a folder of JPG images as a slideshow is a simple matter of selecting all the images in a folder ( **Command-A** ), and then pressing **Option-Command-Y**. From there, you can advance the images with the arrow key. Of course, you can do a similar thing on Windows by selecting the first image, then clicking on the window frame's yellow **Manage** bar, then selecting **Slide Show**. There, you can control the speed, but only to a point: slow, medium, and fast.
|
||||
|
||||
I wanted to advance the images in Windows the same way I do it on a Mac. Naturally, I fired up the Googler and searched for a solution. There, I found the [ImageGlass][2] open source app, [licensed GPL 3.0][3], and it did the trick perfectly. Here's what it looks like:
|
||||
|
||||
![Viewing an image in ImageGlass.][4]
|
||||
|
||||
### About ImageGlass
|
||||
|
||||
ImageGlass was developed by Dương Diệu Pháp, a Vietnamese developer who works on the front end for Chainstack, according to his website. He collaborates with US-based [Kevin Routley][5], who "develops new features for ImageGlass." The source code is available on [GitHub][6].
|
||||
|
||||
ImageGlass supports most common image formats, including JPG, GIF, PNG, WEBP, SVG, and RAW. Users can customize this extension list easily.
|
||||
|
||||
My specific problem was needing to find an image for a catalog cover. Unfortunately, it was in a folder containing dozens of photos. Navigating through the slideshow in ImageGlass, stopping on the image I wanted, and downloading it into my project folder turned out to be easy. Open source to the rescue yet again, and the app took only seconds to download and use.
|
||||
|
||||
ImageGlass was featured as a Picasa alternative in Jason Baker’s article [9 open source alternatives to][7] [Picasa][7] from March 10, 2016. There are some other interesting image-related open source tools in there as well if you are in need.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/19/6/use-imageglass-view-jpg-images-slideshow-windows-10
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Jeff Macharyas][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/jeffmacharyas
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/look-binoculars-sight-see-review.png?itok=NOw2cm39 (Looking back with binoculars)
|
||||
[2]: https://imageglass.org/
|
||||
[3]: https://github.com/d2phap/ImageGlass/blob/master/LICENSE
|
||||
[4]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/imageglass-screenshot.png (Viewing an image in ImageGlass.)
|
||||
[5]: https://github.com/fire-eggs
|
||||
[6]: https://github.com/d2phap/ImageGlass
|
||||
[7]: https://opensource.com/alternatives/picasa
|
||||
@ -1,86 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (5 GNOME keyboard shortcuts to be more productive)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://fedoramagazine.org/5-gnome-keyboard-shortcuts-to-be-more-productive/)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Clément Verna https://fedoramagazine.org/author/cverna/)
|
||||
|
||||
5 GNOME keyboard shortcuts to be more productive
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
![][1]
|
||||
|
||||
For some people, using GNOME Shell as a traditional desktop manager may be frustrating since it often requires more action of the mouse. In fact, GNOME Shell is also a [desktop manager][2] designed for and meant to be driven by the keyboard. Learn how to be more efficient with GNOME Shell with these 5 ways to use the keyboard instead of the mouse.
|
||||
|
||||
### GNOME activities overview
|
||||
|
||||
The activities overview can be easily opened using the **Super** key from the keyboard. (The **Super** key usually has a logo on it.) This is really useful when it comes to start an application. For example, it’s easy to start the Firefox web browser with the following key sequence **Super + f i r + Enter.**
|
||||
|
||||
![][3]
|
||||
|
||||
### Message tray
|
||||
|
||||
In GNOME, notifications are available in the message tray. This is also the place where the calendar and world clocks are available. To open the message tray using the keyboard use the **Super+m** shortcut. To close the message tray simply use the same shortcut again.
|
||||
|
||||
* ![][4]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Managing workspaces in GNOME
|
||||
|
||||
Gnome Shell uses dynamic workspaces, meaning it creates additional workspaces as they are needed. A great way to be more productive using Gnome is to use one workspace per application or per dedicated activity, and then use the keyboard to navigate between these workspaces.
|
||||
|
||||
Let’s look at a practical example. To open a Terminal in the current workspace press the following keys: **Super + t e r + Enter.** Then, to open a new workspace press **Super + PgDn**. Open Firefox ( **Super + f i r + Enter)**. To come back to the terminal, use **Super + PgUp**.
|
||||
|
||||
![][5]
|
||||
|
||||
### Managing an application window
|
||||
|
||||
Using the keyboard it is also easy to manage the size of an application window. Minimizing, maximizing and moving the application to the left or the right of the screen can be done with only a few key strokes. Use **Super+**🠝 to maximize, **Super+**🠟 to minimize, **Super+**🠜 and **Super+**🠞 to move the window left and right.
|
||||
|
||||
![][6]
|
||||
|
||||
### Multiple windows from the same application
|
||||
|
||||
Using the activities overview to start an application is very efficient. But trying to open a new window from an application already running only results in focusing on the open window. To create a new window, instead of simply hitting **Enter** to start the application, use **Ctrl+Enter**.
|
||||
|
||||
So for example, to start a second instance of the terminal using the application overview, **Super + t e r + (Ctrl+Enter)**.
|
||||
|
||||
![][7]
|
||||
|
||||
Then you can use **Super+`** to switch between windows of the same application.
|
||||
|
||||
![][8]
|
||||
|
||||
As shown, GNOME Shell is a really powerful desktop environment when controlled from the keyboard. Learning to use these shortcuts and train your muscle memory to not use the mouse will give you a better user experience, and make you more productive when using GNOME. For other useful shortcuts, check out [this page on the GNOME wiki][9].
|
||||
|
||||
* * *
|
||||
|
||||
_Photo by _[ _1AmFcS_][10]_ on _[_Unsplash_][11]_._
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://fedoramagazine.org/5-gnome-keyboard-shortcuts-to-be-more-productive/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Clément Verna][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://fedoramagazine.org/author/cverna/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/5-gnome-keycombos-816x345.jpg
|
||||
[2]: https://fedoramagazine.org/gnome-3-32-released-coming-to-fedora-30/
|
||||
[3]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Peek-2019-05-23-10-50.gif
|
||||
[4]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Peek-2019-05-23-11-01.gif
|
||||
[5]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Peek-2019-05-23-12-57.gif
|
||||
[6]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Peek-2019-05-23-13-06.gif
|
||||
[7]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Peek-2019-05-23-13-19.gif
|
||||
[8]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Peek-2019-05-23-13-22.gif
|
||||
[9]: https://wiki.gnome.org/Design/OS/KeyboardShortcuts
|
||||
[10]: https://unsplash.com/photos/MuTWth_RnEs?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText
|
||||
[11]: https://unsplash.com/search/photos/keyboard?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText
|
||||
@ -1,229 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (geekpi)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Neofetch – Display Linux system Information In Terminal)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://www.ostechnix.com/neofetch-display-linux-systems-information/)
|
||||
[#]: author: (sk https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/)
|
||||
|
||||
Neofetch – Display Linux system Information In Terminal
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
![Display Linux system information using Neofetch][1]
|
||||
|
||||
**Neofetch** is a simple, yet useful command line system information utility written in **Bash**. It gathers information about your system’s software and hardware and displays the result in the Terminal. By default, the system information will be displayed alongside your operating system’s logo. However, you can further customize it to use an **ascii image** or any image of your choice instead of the OS logo. You can also configure Neofetch to display which information, where and when that information should be displayed. Neofetch is mainly developed to be used in screenshots of your system information. It supports Linux, BSD, Mac OS X, iOS, and Windows operating systems. In this brief tutorial, let us see how to display Linux system information using Neofetch.
|
||||
|
||||
### Install Neofetch
|
||||
|
||||
Neofetch is available in the default repositories of most Linux distributions.
|
||||
|
||||
On Arch Linux and its variants, install it using command:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo pacman -S netofetch
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
On Debian (Stretch / Sid):
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install neofetch
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
On Fedora 27:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo dnf install neofetch
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
On RHEL, CentOS:
|
||||
|
||||
Enable EPEL Repository:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# yum install epel-relase
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Fetch the neofetch repository:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/konimex-neofetch-epel-7.repo
|
||||
https://copr.fedorainfracloud.org/coprs/konimex/neofetch/repo/epel-7/konimex-neofetch-epel-7.repo
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Then, install Neofetch:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
# yum install neofetch
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
On Ubuntu 17.10 and newer versions:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install neofetch
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
On Ubuntu 16.10 and lower versions:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:dawidd0811/neofetch
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt update
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt install neofetch
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
On NixOS:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ nix-env -i neofetch
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Display Linux system Information Using Neofetch
|
||||
|
||||
Neofetch is pretty easy and straightforward. Let us see some examples.
|
||||
|
||||
Open up your Terminal, and run the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ neofetch
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Sample output:**
|
||||
|
||||
![][2]
|
||||
|
||||
Display Linux system Information Using Neofetch
|
||||
|
||||
As you can see in the above output, Neofetch is displaying the following details of my Arch Linux system:
|
||||
|
||||
* Name of the installed operating system,
|
||||
* Laptop model,
|
||||
* Kernel details,
|
||||
* System uptime,
|
||||
* Number of installed packages by default and other package managers,
|
||||
* Default Shell,
|
||||
* Screen resolution,
|
||||
* Desktop environment,
|
||||
* Window manager,
|
||||
* Window manager’s theme,
|
||||
* System theme,
|
||||
* System Icons,
|
||||
* Default Terminal,
|
||||
* CPU type,
|
||||
* GPU type,
|
||||
* Installed memory.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Neofetch has plenty of other options too. We will see some of them.
|
||||
|
||||
##### How to use custom imagess in Neofetch output?
|
||||
|
||||
By default, Neofetch will display your OS logo along with the system information. You can, of course, change the image as you wish.
|
||||
|
||||
In order to display images, your Linux system should have the following dependencies installed:
|
||||
|
||||
1. **w3m-img** (It is required to display images. w3m-img is sometimes bundled together with **w3m** package),
|
||||
2. **Imagemagick** (required for thumbnail creation),
|
||||
3. A terminal that supports **\033[14t** or **xdotool** or **xwininfo + xprop** or **xwininfo + xdpyinfo**.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
W3m-img and ImageMagick packages are available in the default repositories of most Linux distributions. So you can install them using your distribution’s default package manager.
|
||||
|
||||
For instance, run the following command to install w3m-img and ImageMagick on Debian, Ubuntu, Linux Mint:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo apt install w3m-img imagemagick
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Here is the list of Terminal Emulators with **w3m-img** support:
|
||||
|
||||
1. Gnome-terminal,
|
||||
2. Konsole,
|
||||
3. st,
|
||||
4. Terminator,
|
||||
5. Termite,
|
||||
6. URxvt,
|
||||
7. Xfce4-Terminal,
|
||||
8. Xterm
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
If you have **kitty** , **Terminology** and **iTerm** terminal emulators on your system, you don’t need to install w3m-img.
|
||||
|
||||
Now, run the following command to display your system’s information with a custom image:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ neofetch --w3m /home/sk/Pictures/image.png
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Or,
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ neofetch --w3m --source /home/sk/Pictures/image.png
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Sample output:
|
||||
|
||||
![][3]
|
||||
|
||||
Neofetch output with custom logo
|
||||
|
||||
Replace the image path in the above command with your own.
|
||||
|
||||
Alternatively, you can point a directory that contains the images like below.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ neofetch --w3m <path-to-directory>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
##### Configure Neofetch
|
||||
|
||||
When we run the Neofetch for the first time, It will create a per-user configuration file at **$HOME/.config/neofetch/config.conf** by default. It also creates a system-wide neofetch config file at **$HOME/.config/neofetch/config**. You can tweak this file to tell Neofetch which details should be displayed, removed and/or modified.
|
||||
|
||||
You can also keep this configuration file between versions. Meaning – just customize it once as per your liking and use the same settings after upgrading to newer version. You can even share this file to your friends and colleagues to have the same settings as yours.
|
||||
|
||||
To view Neofetch help section, run:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ neofetch --help
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
As far as I tested Neofetch, It worked perfectly in my Arch Linux system as expected. It is a nice handy tool to easily and quickly print the details of your system in the Terminal.
|
||||
|
||||
* * *
|
||||
|
||||
**Related read:**
|
||||
|
||||
* [**How to find Linux System details using inxi**][4]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
* * *
|
||||
|
||||
**Resource:**
|
||||
|
||||
* [**Neofetch on GitHub**][5]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.ostechnix.com/neofetch-display-linux-systems-information/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[sk][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/neofetch-1-720x340.png
|
||||
[2]: http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Neofetch-1.png
|
||||
[3]: http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Neofetch-with-custom-logo.png
|
||||
[4]: https://www.ostechnix.com/how-to-find-your-system-details-using-inxi/
|
||||
[5]: https://github.com/dylanaraps/neofetch
|
||||
@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ Kernel: 5.1.2-arch1-1-ARCH x86_64 Up: 1h 31m Mem: 2800.5/7884.2 MiB (35.5%)
|
||||
Storage: 465.76 GiB (80.8% used) Procs: 163 Shell: bash 5.0.7 inxi: 3.0.34
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
[![Find Linux System Details Using inxi][1]][3]
|
||||
![][3]
|
||||
|
||||
Find Linux System Details Using inxi
|
||||
|
||||
@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ We can set different color schemes for inxi output using **-c** option. Yu can s
|
||||
|
||||
Here is inxi output with and without **-c** option.
|
||||
|
||||
[![inxi output without color scheme][1]][4]
|
||||
![][4]
|
||||
|
||||
inxi output without color scheme
|
||||
|
||||
@ -597,7 +597,7 @@ via: https://www.ostechnix.com/how-to-find-your-system-details-using-inxi/
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7
|
||||
[1]: https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/inxi-520x245-1-720x340.png
|
||||
[2]: https://www.ostechnix.com/yay-found-yet-another-reliable-aur-helper/
|
||||
[3]: http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Find-Linux-System-Details-Using-inxi.png
|
||||
[4]: http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/inxi-output-without-color-scheme.png
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (geekpi)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Installing alternative versions of RPMs in Fedora)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://fedoramagazine.org/installing-alternative-rpm-versions-in-fedora/)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Adam Šamalík https://fedoramagazine.org/author/asamalik/)
|
||||
|
||||
Installing alternative versions of RPMs in Fedora
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
![][1]
|
||||
|
||||
[Modularity][2] enables Fedora to provide alternative versions of RPM packages in the repositories. Several different applications, language runtimes, and tools are available in multiple versions, build natively for each Fedora release.
|
||||
|
||||
The Fedora Magazine has already covered [Modularity in Fedora 28 Server Edition][3] about a year ago. Back then, it was just an optional repository with additional content, and as the title hints, only available to the Server Edition. A lot has changed since then, and now **Modularity is a core part of the Fedora distribution**. And some packages have moved to modules completely. At the time of writing — out of the 49,464 binary RPM packages in Fedora 30 — 1,119 (2.26%) come from a module ([more about the numbers][4]).
|
||||
|
||||
### Modularity basics
|
||||
|
||||
Because having too many packages in multiple versions could feel overwhelming (and hard to manage), packages are grouped into **modules** that represent an application, a language runtime, or any other sensible group.
|
||||
|
||||
Modules often come in multiple **streams** — usually representing a major version of the software. Available in parallel, but only one stream of each module can be installed on a given system.
|
||||
|
||||
And not to overwhelm users with too many choices, each Fedora release comes with a set of **defaults** — so decisions only need to be made when desired.
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, to simplify installation, modules can be optionally installed using pre-defined **profiles** based on a use case. A database module, for example, could be installed as a client, a server, or both.
|
||||
|
||||
### Modularity in practice
|
||||
|
||||
When you install an RPM package on your Fedora system, chances are it comes from a module stream. The reason why you might not have noticed is one of the core principles of Modularity — remaining invisible until there is a reason to know about it.
|
||||
|
||||
Let’s compare the following two situations. First, installing the popular _i3_ tiling window manager, and second, installing the minimalist _dwm_ window manager:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo dnf install i3
|
||||
...
|
||||
Done!
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
As expected, the above command installs the _i3_ package and its dependencies on the system. Nothing else happened here. But what about the other one?
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo dnf install dwm
|
||||
...
|
||||
Enabling module streams:
|
||||
dwm 6.1
|
||||
...
|
||||
Done!
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
It feels the same, but something happened in the background — the default _dwm_ module stream ( _6.1_ ) got enabled, and the _dwm_ package from the module got installed.
|
||||
|
||||
To be transparent, there is a message about the module auto-enablement in the output. But other than that, the user doesn’t need to know anything about Modularity in order to use their system the way they always did.
|
||||
|
||||
But what if they do? Let’s see how a different version of _dwm_ could have been installed instead.
|
||||
|
||||
Use the following command to see what module streams are available:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo dnf module list
|
||||
...
|
||||
dwm latest ...
|
||||
dwm 6.0 ...
|
||||
dwm 6.1 [d] ...
|
||||
dwm 6.2 ...
|
||||
...
|
||||
Hint: [d]efault, [e]nabled, [x]disabled, [i]nstalled
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
The output shows there are four streams of the _dwm_ module, _6.1_ being the default.
|
||||
|
||||
To install the _dwm_ package in a different version — from the _6.2_ stream for example — enable the stream and then install the package by using the two following commands:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo dnf module enable dwm:6.2
|
||||
...
|
||||
Enabling module streams:
|
||||
dwm 6.2
|
||||
...
|
||||
Done!
|
||||
$ sudo dnf install dwm
|
||||
...
|
||||
Done!
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, let’s have a look at profiles, with PostgreSQL as an example.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo dnf module list
|
||||
...
|
||||
postgresql 9.6 client, server ...
|
||||
postgresql 10 client, server ...
|
||||
postgresql 11 client, server ...
|
||||
...
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
To install PostgreSQL 11 as a server, use the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo dnf module install postgresql:11/server
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Note that — apart from enabling — modules can be installed with a single command when a profile is specified.
|
||||
|
||||
It is possible to install multiple profiles at once. To add the client tools, use the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo dnf module install postgresql:11/client
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
There are many other modules with multiple streams available to choose from. At the time of writing, there were 83 module streams in Fedora 30. That includes two versions of MariaDB, three versions of Node.js, two versions of Ruby, and many more.
|
||||
|
||||
Please refer to the [official user documentation for Modularity][5] for a complete set of commands including switching from one stream to another.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://fedoramagazine.org/installing-alternative-rpm-versions-in-fedora/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Adam Šamalík][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://fedoramagazine.org/author/asamalik/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/modularity-f30-816x345.jpg
|
||||
[2]: https://docs.pagure.org/modularity
|
||||
[3]: https://fedoramagazine.org/modularity-fedora-28-server-edition/
|
||||
[4]: https://blog.samalik.com/2019/06/12/counting-modularity-packages.html
|
||||
[5]: https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/modularity/using-modules/
|
||||
@ -1,93 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Open hardware for musicians and music lovers: Headphone, amps, and more)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/19/6/hardware-music)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Michael Weinberg https://opensource.com/users/mweinberg)
|
||||
|
||||
Open hardware for musicians and music lovers: Headphone, amps, and more
|
||||
======
|
||||
From 3D-printed instruments to devices that pull sound out of the air,
|
||||
there are plenty of ways to create music with open hardware projects.
|
||||
![][1]
|
||||
|
||||
The world is full of great [open source music players][2], but why stop at using open source just to _play_ music? You can also use open source hardware to make music. All of the instruments described in this article are [certified by the Open Source Hardware Association][3] (OSHWA). That means you are free to build upon them, remix them, or do anything else with them.
|
||||
|
||||
### Open source instruments
|
||||
|
||||
Instruments are always a good place to start when you want to make music. If your instrument choices lean towards the more traditional, the [F-F-Fiddle][4] may be the one for you.
|
||||
|
||||
![F-f-fiddle][5]
|
||||
|
||||
The F-F-Fiddle is a full-sized electric violin that you can make with a standard desktop 3D printer ([fused filament fabrication][6]—get it?). If you need to see it to believe it, here is a video of the F-F-Fiddle in action:
|
||||
|
||||
Mastered the fiddle and interested in something a bit more exotic? How about the [Open Theremin][7]?
|
||||
|
||||
![Open Theremin][8]
|
||||
|
||||
Like all theremins, Open Theremin lets you play music without touching the instrument. It is, of course, especially good at making [creepy space sounds][9] for your next sci-fi video or space-themed party.
|
||||
|
||||
The [Waft][10] operates similarly by allowing you to control sounds remotely. It uses [Lidar][11] to measure the distance of your hand from the sensor. Check it out:
|
||||
|
||||
Is the Waft a theremin? I'm not sure—theremin pedants should weigh in below in the comments.
|
||||
|
||||
If theremins are too well-known for you, [SIGNUM][12] may be just what you are looking for. In the words of its developers, SIGNUM "uncovers the encrypted codes of information and the language of man/machine communication" by turning invisible wireless communications into audible signals.
|
||||
|
||||
![SIGNUM][13]
|
||||
|
||||
Here is in action:
|
||||
|
||||
### Inputs
|
||||
|
||||
Regardless of what instrument you use, you will need to plug it into something. If you want that something to be a Raspberry Pi, try the [AudioSense-Pi][14], which allows you to connect multiple inputs and outputs to your Pi at once.
|
||||
|
||||
![AudioSense-Pi][15]
|
||||
|
||||
### Synths
|
||||
|
||||
What about synthesizers? SparkFun's [SparkPunk Sound Kit][16] is a simple synth that gives you lots of room to play.
|
||||
|
||||
![SparkFun SparkPunk Sound Kit][17]
|
||||
|
||||
### Headphones
|
||||
|
||||
Making all this music is great, but you also need to think about how you will listen to it. Fortunately, [EQ-1 headphones][18] are open source and 3D-printable.
|
||||
|
||||
![EQ-1 headphones][19]
|
||||
|
||||
Are you making music with open source hardware? Let us know in the comments!
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/19/6/hardware-music
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Michael Weinberg][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/mweinberg
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/LIFE_musicinfinity.png?itok=7LkfjcS9
|
||||
[2]: https://opensource.com/article/19/2/audio-players-linux
|
||||
[3]: https://certification.oshwa.org/
|
||||
[4]: https://certification.oshwa.org/us000010.html
|
||||
[5]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/f-f-fiddle.png (F-f-fiddle)
|
||||
[6]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fused_filament_fabrication
|
||||
[7]: https://certification.oshwa.org/ch000001.html
|
||||
[8]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/open-theremin.png (Open Theremin)
|
||||
[9]: https://youtu.be/p05ZSHRYXVA?t=771
|
||||
[10]: https://certification.oshwa.org/uk000005.html
|
||||
[11]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lidar
|
||||
[12]: https://certification.oshwa.org/es000003.html
|
||||
[13]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/signum.png (SIGNUM)
|
||||
[14]: https://certification.oshwa.org/in000007.html
|
||||
[15]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/audiosense-pi.png (AudioSense-Pi)
|
||||
[16]: https://certification.oshwa.org/us000016.html
|
||||
[17]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/sparkpunksoundkit.png (SparkFun SparkPunk Sound Kit)
|
||||
[18]: https://certification.oshwa.org/us000038.html
|
||||
[19]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/eq-1-headphones.png (EQ-1 headphones)
|
||||
@ -1,125 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (robsean)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Ubuntu Kylin: The Official Chinese Version of Ubuntu)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-kylin/)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Avimanyu Bandyopadhyay https://itsfoss.com/author/avimanyu/)
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu Kylin: The Official Chinese Version of Ubuntu
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
[_**Ubuntu has several official flavors**_][1] _**and Kylin is one of them. In this article, you’ll learn about Ubuntu Kylin, what it is, why it was created and what features it offers.**_
|
||||
|
||||
Kylin was originally developed in 2001 by academicians at the [National University of Defense Technology][2] in the People’s Republic of China. The name is derived from [Qilin][3], a beast from Chinese mythology.
|
||||
|
||||
The first versions of Kylin were based on [FreeBSD][4] and were intended for use by the Chinese military and other government organizations. Kylin 3.0 was purely based on the Linux kernel, and a version called [NeoKylin][5] which was announced in December 2010.
|
||||
|
||||
In 2013, [Canonical][6] (parent company of Ubuntu) reached an agreement with the [Ministry of Industry and Information Technology][7] of the People’s Republic of China to co-create and release an Ubuntu-based OS with features targeted at the Chinese market.
|
||||
|
||||
![Ubuntu Kylin][8]
|
||||
|
||||
### What is Ubuntu Kylin?
|
||||
|
||||
Following the 2013 agreement mentioned above, Ubuntu Kylin is now the official Chinese version of Ubuntu. It is much more than just language localisation. In fact, it is determined to serve the Chinese market the same way as Ubuntu serves the global market.
|
||||
|
||||
The first version of [Ubuntu Kylin][9] came with Ubuntu 13.04. Like Ubuntu, Kylin too has LTS (long term support) and non-LTS versions.
|
||||
|
||||
Currently, Ubuntu Kylin 19.04 LTS implements the [UKUI][10] desktop environment with revised boot up animation, log-in/screen-lock program and OS theme. To offer a more friendly experience for users, it has fixed bugs, has a file preview function, timer log out, the latest [WPS office suite][11] and [Sogou][12] put-in methods integrated within.
|
||||
|
||||
Kylin 4.0.2 is a community edition based on Ubuntu Kylin 16.04 LTS. It includes several third-party applications with long term and stable support. It’s perfect for both server and desktop usage for daily office work and welcomed by the developers to [download][13]. The Kylin forums are actively available to provide feedback and also troubleshooting to find solutions.
|
||||
|
||||
[][14]
|
||||
|
||||
Suggested read Solve Ubuntu Error: Failed to download repository information Check your Internet connection.
|
||||
|
||||
#### UKUI: The desktop environment by Ubuntu Kylin
|
||||
|
||||
![Ubuntu Kylin 19.04 with UKUI Desktop][15]
|
||||
|
||||
[UKUI][16] is designed and developed by the Ubuntu Kylin team and has some great features and provisions:
|
||||
|
||||
* Windows-like interactive functions to bring more friendly user experiences. The Setup Wizard is user-friendly so that users can get started with Ubuntu Kylin quickly.
|
||||
* Control Center has new settings for theme and window. Updated components such as Start Menu, taskbar, notification bar, file manager, window manager and others.
|
||||
* Available separately on both Ubuntu and Debian repositories to provide a new desktop environment for users of Debian/Ubuntu distributions and derivatives worldwide.
|
||||
* New login and lock programs, which is more stable and with many functions.
|
||||
* Includes a feedback program convenient for feedback and questions.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### Kylin Software Center
|
||||
|
||||
![Kylin Software Center][17]
|
||||
|
||||
Kylin has a software center similar to Ubuntu software center and is called Ubuntu Kylin Software Center. It’s part of the Ubuntu Kylin Software Store that also includes Ubuntu Kylin Developer Platform and Ubuntu Kylin Repository with a simple interface and powerful function. It supports both Ubuntu and Ubuntu Kylin Repositories and is especially convenient for quick installation of Chinese characteristic software developed by Ubuntu Kylin team!
|
||||
|
||||
#### Youker: A series of tools
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu Kylin has also a series of tools named as Youker. Typing in “Youker” in the Kylin start menu will bring up the Kylin assistant. If you press the “Windows” key on the keyboard, you’d get a response exactly like you would on Windows. It will fire-up the Kylin start menu.
|
||||
|
||||
![Kylin Assistant][18]
|
||||
|
||||
Other Kylin branded applications include Kylin Video (player), Kylin Burner, Youker Weather and Youker Fcitx which supports better office work and personal entertainment.
|
||||
|
||||
![Kylin Video][19]
|
||||
|
||||
#### Special focus on Chinese characters
|
||||
|
||||
In cooperation with Kingsoft, Ubuntu Kylin developers also work on Sogou Pinyin for Linux, Kuaipan for Linux and Kingsoft WPS for Ubuntu Kylin, and also address issues with smart pinyin, cloud storage service and office applications. [Pinyin][20] is romanization system for Chinese characters. With this, user inputs with English keyboard but Chinese characters are displayed on the screen.
|
||||
|
||||
[][21]
|
||||
|
||||
Suggested read How to Remove Older Linux Kernel Versions in Ubuntu
|
||||
|
||||
#### Fun Fact: Ubuntu Kylin runs on Chinese supercomputers
|
||||
|
||||
![Tianhe-2 Supercomputer. Photo by O01326 – Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=45399546][22]
|
||||
|
||||
It’s already in public knowledge that the [world’s top 500 fastest supercomputers run Linux][23]. Chinese supercomputers [Tianhe-1][24] and [Tianhe-2][25] both use the 64-bit version of Kylin Linux, dedicated to high-performance [parallel computing][26] optimization, power management and high-performance [virtual computing][27].
|
||||
|
||||
#### Summary
|
||||
|
||||
I hope you liked this introduction in the world of Ubuntu Kylin. You can get either of Ubuntu Kylin 19.04 or the community edition based on Ubuntu 16.04 from its [official website][28].
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-kylin/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Avimanyu Bandyopadhyay][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/avimanyu/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://itsfoss.com/which-ubuntu-install/
|
||||
[2]: https://english.nudt.edu.cn
|
||||
[3]: https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-a-qilin-195005
|
||||
[4]: https://itsfoss.com/freebsd-12-release/
|
||||
[5]: https://thehackernews.com/2015/09/neokylin-china-linux-os.html
|
||||
[6]: https://www.canonical.com/
|
||||
[7]: http://english.gov.cn/state_council/2014/08/23/content_281474983035940.htm
|
||||
[8]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Ubuntu-Kylin.jpeg?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1
|
||||
[9]: http://www.ubuntukylin.com/
|
||||
[10]: http://ukui.org
|
||||
[11]: https://www.wps.com/
|
||||
[12]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sogou_Pinyin
|
||||
[13]: http://www.ubuntukylin.com/downloads/show.php?lang=en&id=122
|
||||
[14]: https://itsfoss.com/solve-ubuntu-error-failed-to-download-repository-information-check-your-internet-connection/
|
||||
[15]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/ubuntu-Kylin-19-04-desktop.jpg?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1
|
||||
[16]: http://www.ukui.org/
|
||||
[17]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/kylin-software-center.jpg?resize=800%2C496&ssl=1
|
||||
[18]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/kylin-assistant.jpg?resize=800%2C535&ssl=1
|
||||
[19]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/kylin-video.jpg?resize=800%2C533&ssl=1
|
||||
[20]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin
|
||||
[21]: https://itsfoss.com/remove-old-kernels-ubuntu/
|
||||
[22]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/tianhe-2.jpg?resize=800%2C600&ssl=1
|
||||
[23]: https://itsfoss.com/linux-runs-top-supercomputers/
|
||||
[24]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tianhe-1
|
||||
[25]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tianhe-2
|
||||
[26]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_computing
|
||||
[27]: https://computer.howstuffworks.com/how-virtual-computing-works.htm
|
||||
[28]: http://www.ubuntukylin.com
|
||||
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: translator: (Modrisco)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ via: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3402027/how-to-send-email-from-the-lin
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Sandra Henry-Stocker][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/Modrisco)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Personal assistant with Mycroft and Fedora)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://fedoramagazine.org/personal-assistant-with-mycroft-and-fedora/)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Clément Verna https://fedoramagazine.org/author/cverna/)
|
||||
|
||||
Personal assistant with Mycroft and Fedora
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
![][1]
|
||||
|
||||
Looking for an open source personal assistant ? [Mycroft][2] is allowing you to run an open source service which gives you better control of your data.
|
||||
|
||||
### Install Mycroft on Fedora
|
||||
|
||||
Mycroft is currently not available in the official package collection, but it can be easily installed from the project source. The first step is to download the source from Mycroft’s GitHub repository.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ git clone https://github.com/MycroftAI/mycroft-core.git
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Mycroft is a Python application and the project provides a script that takes care of creating a virtual environment before installing Mycroft and its dependencies.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ cd mycroft-core
|
||||
$ ./dev_setup.sh
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
The installation script prompts the user to help him with the installation process. It is recommended to run the stable version and get automatic updates.
|
||||
|
||||
When prompted to install locally the Mimic text-to-speech engine, answer No. Since as described in the installation process this can take a long time and Mimic is available as an rpm package in Fedora so it can be installed using dnf.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo dnf install mimic
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Starting Mycroft
|
||||
|
||||
After the installation is complete, the Mycroft services can be started using the following script.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ ./start-mycroft.sh all
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
In order to start using Mycroft the device running the service needs to be registered. To do that an account is needed and can be created at <https://home.mycroft.ai/>.
|
||||
|
||||
Once the account created, it is possible to add a new device at the following address [https://account.mycroft.ai/devices.][3] Adding a new device requires a pairing code that will be spoken to you by your device after starting all the services.
|
||||
|
||||
![][4]
|
||||
|
||||
The device is now ready to be used.
|
||||
|
||||
### Using Mycroft
|
||||
|
||||
Mycroft provides a set of [skills][5] that are enabled by default or can be downloaded from the [Marketplace][5]. To start you can simply ask Mycroft how is doing, or what the weather is.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
Hey Mycroft, how are you ?
|
||||
|
||||
Hey Mycroft, what's the weather like ?
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
If you are interested in how things works, the _start-mycroft.sh_ script provides a _cli_ option that lets you interact with the services using the command line. It is also displaying logs which is really useful for debugging.
|
||||
|
||||
Mycroft is always trying to learn new skills, and there are many way to help by [contributing][6] the Mycroft community.
|
||||
|
||||
* * *
|
||||
|
||||
Photo by [Przemyslaw Marczynski][7] on [Unsplash][8]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://fedoramagazine.org/personal-assistant-with-mycroft-and-fedora/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Clément Verna][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://fedoramagazine.org/author/cverna/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/mycroft-816x345.jpg
|
||||
[2]: https://mycroft.ai/
|
||||
[3]: https://account.mycroft.ai/devices
|
||||
[4]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Screenshot_2019-06-14-Account.png
|
||||
[5]: https://market.mycroft.ai/skills
|
||||
[6]: https://mycroft.ai/contribute/
|
||||
[7]: https://unsplash.com/@pemmax?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText
|
||||
[8]: https://unsplash.com/search/photos/ai?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText
|
||||
124
sources/tech/20190617 Exploring -run on Linux.md
Normal file
124
sources/tech/20190617 Exploring -run on Linux.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Exploring /run on Linux)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://www.networkworld.com/article/3403023/exploring-run-on-linux.html)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Sandra Henry-Stocker https://www.networkworld.com/author/Sandra-Henry_Stocker/)
|
||||
|
||||
Exploring /run on Linux
|
||||
======
|
||||
There's been a small but significant change in how Linux systems work with respect to runtime data.
|
||||
![Sandra Henry-Stocker][1]
|
||||
|
||||
If you haven’t been paying close attention, you might not have noticed a small but significant change in how Linux systems work with respect to runtime data. A re-arrangement of how and where it’s accessible in the file system started taking hold about eight years ago. And while this change might not have been big enough of a splash to wet your socks, it provides some additional consistency in the Linux file system and is worthy of some exploration.
|
||||
|
||||
To get started, cd your way over to /run. If you use df to check it out, you’ll see something like this:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ df -k .
|
||||
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
|
||||
tmpfs 609984 2604 607380 1% /run
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Identified as a “tmpfs” (temporary file system), we know that the files and directories in /run are not stored on disk but only in volatile memory. They represent data kept in memory (or disk-based swap) that takes on the appearance of a mounted file system to allow it to be more accessible and easier to manage.
|
||||
|
||||
**[ Two-Minute Linux Tips:[Learn how to master a host of Linux commands in these 2-minute video tutorials][2] ]**
|
||||
|
||||
/run is home to a wide assortment of data. For example, if you take a look at /run/user, you will notice a group of directories with numeric names.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ ls /run/user
|
||||
1000 1002 121
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
A long file listing will clarify the significance of these numbers.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ ls -l
|
||||
total 0
|
||||
drwx------ 5 shs shs 120 Jun 16 12:44 1000
|
||||
drwx------ 5 dory dory 120 Jun 16 16:14 1002
|
||||
drwx------ 8 gdm gdm 220 Jun 14 12:18 121
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
This allows us to see that each directory is related to a user who is currently logged in or to the display manager, gdm. The numbers represent their UIDs. The content of each of these directories are files that are used by running processes.
|
||||
|
||||
The /run/user files represent only a very small portion of what you’ll find in /run. There are lots of other files, as well. A handful contain the process IDs for various system processes.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ ls *.pid
|
||||
acpid.pid atopacctd.pid crond.pid rsyslogd.pid
|
||||
atd.pid atop.pid gdm3.pid sshd.pid
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
As shown below, that sshd.pid file listed above contains the process ID for the ssh daemon (sshd).
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ cat sshd.pid
|
||||
1148
|
||||
$ ps -ef | grep sshd
|
||||
root 1148 1 0 Jun14 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/sshd -D <==
|
||||
root 10784 1148 0 12:44 ? 00:00:00 sshd: shs [priv]
|
||||
shs 10922 10784 0 12:44 ? 00:00:00 sshd: shs@pts/0
|
||||
root 18109 1148 0 16:13 ? 00:00:00 sshd: dory [priv]
|
||||
dory 18232 18109 0 16:14 ? 00:00:00 sshd: dory@pts/1
|
||||
shs 19276 10923 0 16:50 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto sshd
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Some of the subdirectories within /run can only be accessed with root authority such as /run/sudo. Running as root, for example, we can see some files related to real or attempted sudo usage:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
/run/sudo/ts# ls -l
|
||||
total 8
|
||||
-rw------- 1 root dory 112 Jun 16 16:37 dory
|
||||
-rw------- 1 root shs 168 Jun 17 08:33 shs
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
In keeping with the shift to using /run, some of the old locations for runtime data are now symbolic links. /var/run is now a pointer to /run and /var/lock a pointer to /run/lock, allowing old references to work as expected.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ ls -l /var
|
||||
total 52
|
||||
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jun 17 07:36 backups
|
||||
drwxr-xr-x 19 root root 4096 Apr 18 13:46 cache
|
||||
drwxrwsrwt 2 root whoopsie 4096 Jun 13 07:39 crash
|
||||
drwxr-xr-x 75 root root 4096 Jun 9 15:14 lib
|
||||
drwxrwsr-x 2 root staff 4096 Oct 16 2017 local
|
||||
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 May 14 2018 lock -> /run/lock
|
||||
drwxrwxr-x 17 root syslog 4096 Jun 17 00:00 log
|
||||
drwxrwsrwt 2 root mail 4096 Jun 13 12:10 mail
|
||||
drwxrwsrwt 2 root whoopsie 4096 Jan 5 2018 metrics
|
||||
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 5 2018 opt
|
||||
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4 May 14 2018 run -> /run
|
||||
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 4096 Jun 16 2018 snap
|
||||
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 4096 Jun 9 15:14 spool
|
||||
drwxrwxrwt 8 root root 4096 Jun 17 00:00 tmp
|
||||
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jan 19 12:14 www
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
While minor as far as technical changes go, the transition to using /run simply allows for a better organization of runtime data in the Linux file system.
|
||||
|
||||
**[ Now read this:[Invaluable tips and tricks for troubleshooting Linux][3] ]**
|
||||
|
||||
Join the Network World communities on [Facebook][4] and [LinkedIn][5] to comment on topics that are top of mind.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3403023/exploring-run-on-linux.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Sandra Henry-Stocker][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.networkworld.com/author/Sandra-Henry_Stocker/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://images.idgesg.net/images/article/2019/06/exploring_run-100799398-large.jpg
|
||||
[2]: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL7D2RMSmRO9J8OTpjFECi8DJiTQdd4hua
|
||||
[3]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3242170/linux/invaluable-tips-and-tricks-for-troubleshooting-linux.html
|
||||
[4]: https://www.facebook.com/NetworkWorld/
|
||||
[5]: https://www.linkedin.com/company/network-world
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (KIT Scenarist is a Powerful Tool for Creating Screenplays)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/kit-scenarist/)
|
||||
[#]: author: (John Paul https://itsfoss.com/author/john/)
|
||||
|
||||
KIT Scenarist is a Powerful Tool for Creating Screenplays
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
Did you ever wish that there was an open source tool for all your screenplay writing needs? Well, you are in luck. Today, we will be looking at an application that will do just that. Today, we will be looking at KIT Scenarist.
|
||||
|
||||
### KIT Scenarist: An Open Source tool for writing screenplays
|
||||
|
||||
[KIT Scenarist][1] is a program designed to be your one-stop-shop to create the next great screenplay. KIT Scenarist’s tools are split up into four modules: Research, Cards, Script, and Statistics. When you load KIT Scenarist for the first time after installing it, you will be asked if you want to enable each of these modules. You can also disable any of the modules from the setting menu.
|
||||
|
||||
![Scenarist][2]
|
||||
|
||||
The Research module gives you a place to store your story ideas, as well as, ideas and information for both characters and locations. You can also add images for a character or location to give you inspiration.
|
||||
|
||||
The Cards module shows you the scenes that you have written or sketched out like cards on a cord board. You can drag these scenes around on the board to rearrange them. You can also jump to a certain scene or mark a scene as done.
|
||||
|
||||
The Script module is where the actual writing takes place. It has a widget that tells you approximately how long your screenplay will take to perform. Like a word processor, you can tell KIT Scenarist what parts of the script are the actions, character, dialogue, etc and it will format it correctly.
|
||||
|
||||
![Scenarist Research module][3]
|
||||
|
||||
The Statistics module gives you all kinds of reports and graphs about your screenplay. The scene report shows how long each act is and what characters are in it. The location report shows how much time is spent at each location and in which acts. The cast report shows how many scenes each character is in and how much dialogue they have. There is even a report that lists all of the dialogue for each character.
|
||||
|
||||
[][4]
|
||||
|
||||
Suggested read Tilix: Advanced Tiling Terminal Emulator for Power Users
|
||||
|
||||
Like all well-designed apps, KIT Scenarist has both a light and dark theme. The dark theme is the default.
|
||||
|
||||
![Scenarist Statistics module][5]
|
||||
|
||||
KIT Scenarist stores your projects in `.kitsp` files. These files are essentially SQLite database files with a different extension. This means that if you ever run into issues with KIT Scenarist, you can retrieve your information with an SQLite viewer.
|
||||
|
||||
This application also allows you to import scripts from a wide range of script writing applications. You can import the following file formats: Final Draft Screenplay (.fdx), Final Draft Template (.fdxt), Trelby Screenplay (.trelby), [Fountain Text][6] (.foundation), Celtx Project (.celtx), .odt, . doc and .docx. You can export your outline and script to .docx, .pdf, .fdx. or .Fountain.
|
||||
|
||||
The desktop version of KIT Scenarist is free, but they also have a couple of [Pro options][7]. They have a cloud service to collaborate with others or sync your work to other devices. The cloud service costs $4.99 for a month or $52.90 for a year. They have other subscription lengths. KIT Scenarist is available in the iOS app store or the Google Play store, but cost money there. Finally, if you are an organization who wants to use KIT Scenarist but it is missing a feature you want, they will add it if you finance the work.
|
||||
|
||||
![Scenarist Cards module][8]
|
||||
|
||||
### How to Install Scenarist
|
||||
|
||||
Currently, the only repo that Scenarist is available for downloading is the [Arch User Repository][9]. (Arch rulez :D)
|
||||
|
||||
Otherwise, you have to [download][10] a package installer from the website. They have packages available for Linux (both .deb and .rpm), Windows, and macOS. As I stated above, there are also versions available for both Android and iOS, but they are not free. You can find the source code of KIT Scenarist on GitHub.
|
||||
|
||||
[KIT Scenarist on GitHub][11]
|
||||
|
||||
If KIT Scenarist won’t start on your Linux system, try installing the `libxcb-xinerama0` package.
|
||||
|
||||
![Scenarist Script][12]
|
||||
|
||||
### Final Thoughts on KIT Scenarist
|
||||
|
||||
KIT Scenarist offers the full script writing experience. All your information is stored in one place, so you don’t need to look everywhere for your information. It does everything. Now, the creator just needs to add a feature to submit your script directly to the person who will make you the next famous playwright.
|
||||
|
||||
[][13]
|
||||
|
||||
Suggested read Bookworm: A Simple yet Magnificent eBook Reader for Linux
|
||||
|
||||
If KIT Scenarist looks too overwhelming and you want to try something simpler, I would recommend trying [Trelby][14]. If you are into writing, you may read my list of [useful open source tools for writers][15].
|
||||
|
||||
Have you every used KIT Scenarist? What is your favorite open source screenwriting tool? Please let us know in the comments below.
|
||||
|
||||
If you found this article interesting, please take a minute to share it on social media, Hacker News or [Reddit][16].
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/kit-scenarist/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[John Paul][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/john/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://kitscenarist.ru/en/index.html
|
||||
[2]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/scenarist-about.png?fit=800%2C469&ssl=1
|
||||
[3]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/scenarist-research.png?fit=800%2C371&ssl=1
|
||||
[4]: https://itsfoss.com/tilix-terminal-emulator/
|
||||
[5]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/scenarist-statistics.png?fit=800%2C467&ssl=1
|
||||
[6]: https://www.fountain.io/
|
||||
[7]: https://kitscenarist.ru/en/pricing.html
|
||||
[8]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/scenarist-cards.png?fit=800%2C470&ssl=1
|
||||
[9]: https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/scenarist
|
||||
[10]: https://kitscenarist.ru/en/download.html
|
||||
[11]: https://github.com/dimkanovikov/kitscenarist
|
||||
[12]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/scenarist-script.png?fit=800%2C468&ssl=1
|
||||
[13]: https://itsfoss.com/bookworm-ebook-reader-linux/
|
||||
[14]: https://www.trelby.org/
|
||||
[15]: https://itsfoss.com/open-source-tools-writers/
|
||||
[16]: http://reddit.com/r/linuxusersgroup
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Cylon – The Arch Linux Maintenance Program For Newbies)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://www.ostechnix.com/cylon-arch-linux-maintenance-program/)
|
||||
[#]: author: (sk https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/)
|
||||
|
||||
Cylon – The Arch Linux Maintenance Program For Newbies
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
![Cylon is an Arch Linux Maintenance Program][1]
|
||||
|
||||
Recently switched to Arch Linux as your daily driver? Great! I’ve got a good news for you. Meet **Cylon** , a maintenance program for Arch Linux and derivatives. It is a menu-driven **Bash** script which provides updates, maintenance, backups and system checks for Arch Linux and its derivatives such as Manjaro Linux etc. Cylon is mainly a CLI program, and also has a basic dialog GUI. In this guide, we will see how to install and use Cylon in Arch Linux.
|
||||
|
||||
### Cylon – The Arch Linux Maintenance Program
|
||||
|
||||
##### Install Cylon
|
||||
|
||||
Cylon is available in the [**AUR**][2]. You can install it using any AUR helpers, for example [**Yay**][3].
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ yay -S cylon
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
##### Usage
|
||||
|
||||
Please note that Cylon _**will not install all tools**_ by default. Some functions require various dependencies packages to be installed. There are three dependencies and the rest are optional dependencies. The optional dependencies are left to user discretion. When you perform a function, it will display the missing packages if there are any. All missing packages will be shown as **n/a** (not available) in menus. You need to install the missing packages by yourself before using such functions.
|
||||
|
||||
To launch Cylon, type _**cylon**_ in the Terminal:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ cylon
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Sample output from my Arch linux system:
|
||||
|
||||
![][4]
|
||||
|
||||
Default interface of Cylon, the Arch Linux maintenance program
|
||||
|
||||
You can also launch Cylon from the Menu. It usually found under **Applications > System Tools**.
|
||||
|
||||
As you see in the above screenshot, there are **14** menu entries in Cylon main menu to perform different functions. To go to each entry, type the respective number. Also, as you see in the screenshot, there is **n/a** besides the 2 and 3 menu entries which means **auracle** and [**Trizen**][5] are not installed. You need to install them first before performing those functions.
|
||||
|
||||
Let us see what each menu entry does.
|
||||
|
||||
**1\. Pacman**
|
||||
|
||||
Under [**Pacman**][6] section, you can do various package management operations such as install, update, upgrade, verify, remove packages, display package information, view Arch Linux news feed and many. Just type a number to perform the respective action.
|
||||
|
||||
![][7]
|
||||
|
||||
You can go back to main menu by typing the number **21**.
|
||||
|
||||
**2. auracle
|
||||
**
|
||||
|
||||
The **auracle** is an AUR helper program that can be used to perform various AUR actions such as install, update, download, search, remove AUR packages in your Arch linux box.
|
||||
|
||||
**3\. trizen**
|
||||
|
||||
It is same as above section.
|
||||
|
||||
**4\. System Update**
|
||||
|
||||
As the name says, this section is dedicated to perform Arch Linux update. Here you can update both the official and AUR packages. Cylon gives you the following four options in this section.
|
||||
|
||||
1. Update Arch Main Repos only,
|
||||
2. Update AUR only,
|
||||
3. Update All repos,
|
||||
4. No Update and exit.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
![][8]
|
||||
|
||||
**5\. System Maintenance**
|
||||
|
||||
In this section, you can do the following maintenance tasks.
|
||||
|
||||
1. Failed Systemd Services and status,
|
||||
2. Check Journalctl log for Errors,
|
||||
3. Check Journalctl for fstrim SSD trim,
|
||||
4. Analyze system boot-up performance,
|
||||
5. Check for Broken Symlinks,
|
||||
6. Find files where no group or User corresponds to file’s numeric ID,
|
||||
7. lostfiles,
|
||||
8. Diskspace usage,
|
||||
9. Find 200 of the biggest files,
|
||||
10. Find inodes usage,
|
||||
11. Old configuration files scan,
|
||||
12. Print sensors information,
|
||||
13. Clean journal files,
|
||||
14. Delete core dumps /var/lib/systemd/coredump/,
|
||||
15. Delete files,
|
||||
16. bleachbit n/a,
|
||||
17. rmlint n/a,
|
||||
18. List All Open Files,
|
||||
19. DMI table decoder,
|
||||
20. Return.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
The non-installed packages will be shown with letters n/a besides that applications. You need to install them first before choosing that particular action.
|
||||
|
||||
** **Recommended Download** – [**Free Video: “Penetration Testing Methodologies Training Course (a $99 value!) FREE”**][9]
|
||||
|
||||
**6\. System backup**
|
||||
|
||||
This section provides backup utilities such as **rsync** to backup your Arch Linux system. Also, there is a custom backup options which allows you to manually backup files/folders to a user-specified location.
|
||||
|
||||
![][10]
|
||||
|
||||
**7\. System Security**
|
||||
|
||||
Cylon provides various security tools including the following:
|
||||
|
||||
1. ccrypt – Encrypt/decrypt files,
|
||||
2. clamav – Antivirus,
|
||||
3. rkhunter – RootKit hunter scan,
|
||||
4. lynis – System audit tool,
|
||||
5. Password generator,
|
||||
6. List the password aging info of a user,
|
||||
7. Audit SUID/SGID Files.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Remember you need to install them yourself in order to use them. Cylon will not help you to install the missing packages.
|
||||
|
||||
**8\. Network Maintenance**
|
||||
|
||||
This section is for network related functions. Here, you can:
|
||||
|
||||
1. See wifi link quality continuously on screen,
|
||||
2. Use speedtest-cli -testing internet bandwidth,
|
||||
3. Check if website up with netcat and ping,
|
||||
4. Display all interfaces which are currently available,
|
||||
5. Display kernal routing table,
|
||||
6. Check the status of UFW, Uncomplicated Firewall,
|
||||
7. Network Time Synchronization status check,
|
||||
8. traceroute print route packets trace to network host,
|
||||
9. tracepath traces path to a network host,
|
||||
10. View all open ports
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**9\. xterm terminal**
|
||||
|
||||
Here, you can launch xterm terminal at output folder path in new window.
|
||||
|
||||
**10\. View/Edit config file**
|
||||
|
||||
View and edit the configuration files if necessary.
|
||||
|
||||
**11\. System information**
|
||||
|
||||
This is most useful feature of Cylon utlity. This section provides your Arch Linux system’s information such as,
|
||||
|
||||
* Uptime,
|
||||
* Kernel details,
|
||||
* OS architecture,
|
||||
* Username,
|
||||
* Default Shell,
|
||||
* Screen resolution,
|
||||
* CPU,
|
||||
* RAM (used/total),
|
||||
* Editor variable,
|
||||
* Location of pacman cache folder,
|
||||
* Hold packages,
|
||||
* Number of orphan packages,
|
||||
* Total number of installed packages,
|
||||
* Number of all explicitly installed packages,
|
||||
* All foreign installed packages,
|
||||
* All foreign explicitly installed packages,
|
||||
* All packages installed as dependencies,
|
||||
* Top 5 largest packages,
|
||||
* 5 newest updated packages,
|
||||
* Packages Installed size by repositories.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
![][11]
|
||||
|
||||
**12\. Cylon information**
|
||||
|
||||
It will display the information about Cylon program. It also performs the dependencies installation check and display the list of installed non-installed dependencies.
|
||||
|
||||
![][12]
|
||||
|
||||
**13\. Weather**
|
||||
|
||||
It displays the 3 day weather forecast by **wttr.in** utility.
|
||||
|
||||
* * *
|
||||
|
||||
**Related Read:**
|
||||
|
||||
* **[How To Check Weather Details From Command Line In Linux][13]**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
* * *
|
||||
|
||||
**14\. Exit**
|
||||
|
||||
Type **14** to exit Cylon.
|
||||
|
||||
For more details, type **cylon -h** in the Terminal to print cylon information.
|
||||
|
||||
* * *
|
||||
|
||||
**Recommended read:**
|
||||
|
||||
* [**Cylon-deb : The Debian Linux Maintenance Program**][14]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
* * *
|
||||
|
||||
Cylon script offers a lot of tools and features to maintain your Arch Linux system. If you’re new to Arch Linux, give it a try and see if it helps.
|
||||
|
||||
**Resource:**
|
||||
|
||||
* [**Cylon GitHub page**][15]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.ostechnix.com/cylon-arch-linux-maintenance-program/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[sk][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Cylon-The-Arch-Linux-Maintenance-Program-720x340.png
|
||||
[2]: https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/cylon/
|
||||
[3]: https://www.ostechnix.com/yay-found-yet-another-reliable-aur-helper/
|
||||
[4]: http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/cylon-interface.png
|
||||
[5]: https://www.ostechnix.com/trizen-lightweight-aur-package-manager-arch-based-systems/
|
||||
[6]: https://www.ostechnix.com/getting-started-pacman/
|
||||
[7]: http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Cylon-pacman.png
|
||||
[8]: http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Cylon-system-update.png
|
||||
[9]: https://ostechnix.tradepub.com/free/w_cybf03/prgm.cgi
|
||||
[10]: http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Cylon-system-backup.png
|
||||
[11]: http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Cylon-system-information.png
|
||||
[12]: http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Cylon-information.png
|
||||
[13]: https://www.ostechnix.com/check-weather-details-command-line-linux/
|
||||
[14]: https://www.ostechnix.com/cylon-deb-debian-linux-maintenance-program/
|
||||
[15]: https://github.com/gavinlyonsrepo/cylon
|
||||
@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
|
||||
日志消息的一日之旅
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
> 从一条日志消息的角度来巡览现代分布式系统。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
混沌系统往往是不可预测的。在构建像分布式系统这样复杂的东西时，这一点尤其明显。如果不加以控制，这种不可预测性会无止境的浪费时间。这就是为什么分布式系统的每个组件，无论多小，都必须设计成以简化的方式组合在一起。
|
||||
|
||||
[Kubernetes][1] 为抽象计算资源提供了一个很有前景的模型 —— 但即使是它也必须与 [Apache Kafka][2] 等其他分布式平台协调一致，以确保可靠的数据传输。如果有人要整合这两个平台，它会如何运作？此外，如果你通过这样的系统跟踪像日志消息这么简单的东西，它会是什么样子？本文将重点介绍来自[OKD][3] 内运行的应用程序的日志消息如何通过 Kafka 进入数据仓库（OKD 是为 Red Hat OpenShift 提供支持的 Kubernetes 的原初社区发行版）。
|
||||
|
||||
### OKD 定义的环境
|
||||
|
||||
这样的旅程始于 OKD，因为该容器平台完全覆盖了它抽象的硬件。这意味着日志消息等待由驻留在容器中的应用程序写入 stdout 或 stderr 流。从那里，日志消息被容器引擎（例如 [CRI-O][4]）重定向到节点的文件系统。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
在 OpenShift 中，一个或多个容器封装在称为 pod 的虚拟计算节点中。实际上，在 OKD 中运行的所有应用程序都被抽象为 pod（豆荚）。这允许应用程序以统一的方式操纵。这也大大简化了分布式组件之间的通信，因为 pod 可以通过 IP 地址和[负载均衡服务][5]系统地寻址。因此，当日志消息由日志收集器应用程序从节点的文件系统获取时，它可以很容易地传递到在 OpenShift 中运行的另一个 pod。
|
||||
|
||||
### 在豆荚里的两个豌豆
|
||||
|
||||
为了确保可以在整个分布式系统中无处不在地传播日志消息，日志收集器需要将日志消息传递到在 OpenShift 中运行的 Kafka 集群数据中心。通过 Kafka，日志消息可以以可靠且容错的方式低延迟传递给消费应用程序。但是，为了在 OKD 定义的环境中获得 Kafka 的好处，Kafka 需要完全集成到 OKD 中。
|
||||
|
||||
运行 [Strimzi 操作子][6]将实例化所有 Kafka 组件为 pod，并将它们集成在 OKD 环境中运行。 这包括用于排队日志消息的 Kafka 代理，用于从 Kafka 代理读取和写入的 Kafka 连接器，以及用于管理 Kafka 集群状态的 Zookeeper 节点。Strimzi 还可以将日志收集器双实例化作为 Kafka 连接器，允许日志收集器将日志消息直接提供给在 OKD 中运行的 Kafka 代理 pod。
|
||||
|
||||
### 在 OKD 内的 Kafka
|
||||
|
||||
当日志收集器 pod 将日志消息传递给 Kafka 代理时，收集器会写到单个代理分区，并将日志消息附加到该分区的末尾。使用 Kafka 的一个优点是它将日志收集器与日志的最终目标分离。由于解耦，日志收集器不关心日志最后是放在 [Elasticsearch][7]、Hadoop、Amazon S3 中的某个还是全都。Kafka 与所有基础设施连接良好，因此 Kafka 连接器可以在任何需要的地方获取日志消息。
|
||||
|
||||
一旦写入 Kafka 代理的分区，该日志消息就会在 Kafka 集群内的代理分区中复制。这是它的一个非常强大的概念；结合平台的自愈功能，它创建了一个非常灵活的分布式系统。例如，当节点变得不可用时，节点上运行的应用程序几乎立即在健康节点上生成。因此，即使带有 Kafka 代理的节点丢失或损坏，日志消息也能保证存活在必要多的节点上，并且新的 Kafka 代理将快速原位取代。
|
||||
|
||||
### 存储起来
|
||||
|
||||
在日志消息被提交到 Kafka 主题后，它将等待 Kafka 连接器接收器使用它，该接收器将日志消息中继到分析引擎或日志记录仓库。在传递到其最终目的地时，可以分析日志消息以进行异常检测，可以查询日志以立即进行根本原因分析，或用于其他目的。无论哪种方式，日志消息都由 Kafka 以安全可靠的方式传送到目的地。
|
||||
|
||||
OKD 和 Kafka 是正在迅速发展的功能强大的分布式平台。创建能够在不影响性能的情况下抽象出分布式计算的复杂特性的系统至关重要。毕竟，如果我们不能简化单条日志消息的旅程，我们怎么能夸耀全系统的效率呢？
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/18/9/life-log-message
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Josef Karásek][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
|
||||
译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/jkarasek
|
||||
[1]: https://kubernetes.io/
|
||||
[2]: https://kafka.apache.org/
|
||||
[3]: https://www.okd.io/
|
||||
[4]: http://cri-o.io/
|
||||
[5]: https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/
|
||||
[6]: http://strimzi.io/
|
||||
[7]: https://www.elastic.co/
|
||||
@ -1,83 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (arrowfeng)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (5 essential values for the DevOps mindset)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/19/5/values-devops-mindset)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Brent Aaron Reed https://opensource.com/users/brentaaronreed/users/wpschaub/users/wpschaub/users/wpschaub/users/cobiacomm/users/marcobravo/users/brentaaronreed)
|
||||
|
||||
关于 DevOps 思维模式所需具备的5个基本价值观
|
||||
======
|
||||
人和流程比在解决的业务问题的任何技术“银弹”更重要，且需要花更多的时间。
|
||||
![human head, brain outlined with computer hardware background][1]
|
||||
|
||||
今天的许多 IT 专业人士都在努力适应变化和扰动。您是否正在努力适应变化，可以这么说？ 你觉得不堪重负吗？这并不罕见。今天，IT 的现状还不够好，所以需要不断尝试重新自我演进。
|
||||
|
||||
凭借30多年的IT综合经验，我们见证了人们和人际关系的重要性，它有让 IT有效和帮助业务蓬勃发展的能力。但是，在大多数情况下，我们关于IT解决方案的对话始于技术而非人员和流程。寻找“银弹”来解决业务和IT挑战的倾向非常普遍。但你不能只关心创新，DevOps或有效的团队和工作方式;他们需要得到培养，支持和引导。
|
||||
|
||||
由于扰动如此普遍，并且对变革速度存在如此迫切的需求，我们需要纪律和围栏。下面描述的 DevOps 思维模式的五个基本价值观将支持将我们带到那里的实践。这些价值观不是新观念;我们从经验中学到了它们并重构它们。一些值可以互换，它们是灵活的，并且它们指导支持（如支柱）这五个价值观的整体原则。
|
||||
|
||||
![5 essential values for the DevOps mindset][2]
|
||||
|
||||
### 1\. 利益相关方的反馈至关重要
|
||||
|
||||
我们如何知道我们是否为我们创造了比利益相关者更多的价值？ 我们需要持久的质量数据来分析，通知并推动更好的决策。 来自可靠来源的相关信息对于任何业务的蓬勃发展至关重要。 我们需要倾听并理解我们的利益相关者所说的，而不是说我们需要以一种方式实施变革，使我们能够调整我们的思维、我们的流程和技术，并根据需要对其进行调整以使我们的利益相关者满意。由于信息（数据）不正确，我们常常看到很少的变化，或者由于错误的原因而发生的很多变化。因此，将变更与利益相关方的反馈结合起来是一项重要的价值，并有助我们专注于使公司成功最重要的事情。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
> 关注我们的利益相关者及其反馈，而不仅仅是为了改变而改变。
|
||||
|
||||
### 2\. 超越当今流程的极限
|
||||
|
||||
我们希望我们的产品和服务能够不断让客户满意——我们最重要的利益相关者。因此，我们需要不断改进。这不仅仅是关于质量;它还可能意味着成本，可用性，相关性以及许多其他目标和因素。创建可重复的流程或使用通用框架是非常棒的，它们可以改善治理和许多其他问题。但是，这不应该是我们的最终目标。在寻找改进方法时，我们必须调整我们的流程，并辅以正确的技术和工具。可能有理由抛弃“所谓的”框架，因为不这样做可能会增加浪费,更糟糕的是只是“货物结果”（做一些没有价值或目的的东西）。
|
||||
|
||||
> 力争始终创新并改进可重复的流程和框架。
|
||||
|
||||
### 3\. 无需新的筒仓来打破旧的筒仓
|
||||
|
||||
筒仓和DevOps是不兼容的。我们始终看到这一点：IT 主管带来了所谓的“专家”来实施敏捷和DevOps，他们做了什么？这些“专家”在现有问题的基础上创建了一个新问题，这是另一个加入 IT 部门的筒仓和一个充满筒仓的企业。创建“DevOps”标题违背了敏捷和DevOps的原则，这些原则基于打破筒仓的概念。在敏捷和DevOps中，团队合作是必不可少的，如果你不在自组织团队中工作，那么你就不会做任何事情。
|
||||
|
||||
> 相互激励和共享，而不是成为英雄或创建一个筒仓。
|
||||
|
||||
### 4\. 了解您的客户意味着跨组织协作
|
||||
|
||||
业务的任何部分都不是一个独立的实体，因为它们都有利益相关者，主要利益相关者始终是客户。“客户永远是对的”（正如我想说的那样，或者是国王）。关键是，没有客户，真的没有业务，而且为了保持业务，如今我们需要与竞争对手“区别对待”。我们还需要了解客户对我们的看法以及他们对我们的期望。了解客户的需求势在必行，需要及时反馈，以确保业务能够快速，负责地满足这些主要利益相关者的需求和关注。
|
||||
|
||||
![Minimize time spent with build-measure-learn process][3]
|
||||
|
||||
无论是想法，概念，假设还是直接的利益相关者反馈，我们都需要通过使用探索，构建，测试和交付生命周期来识别和衡量我们的产品提供的功能或服务。从根本上说，这意味着我们需要在整个组织中“插入”我们的组织。在持续创新，学习和DevOps方面没有任何边界。因此，当我们在整个企业中进行衡量时，我们可以理解整体并采取可行的，有意义的步骤来改进。
|
||||
|
||||
> 衡量整个组织的绩效，而不仅仅是在业务范围内。
|
||||
|
||||
### 5\. 热情鼓舞采纳
|
||||
|
||||
不是每个人都被驱使去学习，适应和改变;然而，就像微笑可能具有传染性一样，学习和意愿成为变革文化的一部分也是如此。在学习文化中适应和演化为一群人提供了学习和传递信息（即文化传播）的自然机制。学习风格，态度，方法和过程不断演化，因此我们可以改进它们。下一步是应用所学和改进的内容并与同事分享信息。学习不会自动发生;它需要努力，评估，纪律，意识，特别是沟通;遗憾的是，这些都是工具和自动化无法提供的。检查您的流程，自动化，工具策略和实施工作，使其透明化，并与您的同事协作重复使用和改进。
|
||||
|
||||
> 通过精益质量的可交付成果促进学习文化，而不仅仅是工具和自动化。
|
||||
|
||||
### 总结
|
||||
|
||||
![Continuous goals of DevOps mindset][4]
|
||||
|
||||
随着我们的公司采用DevOps，我们继续在任何书籍，网站或自动化软件上支持这五个价值观。采用这种思维方式需要时间，这与我们以前作为系统管理员所做的完全不同。这是一种全新的工作方式，需要很多年才能成熟。这些原则是否与您自己的原则一致？在评论或我们的网站上分享。[混乱特工]
|
||||
|
||||
* * *
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/19/5/values-devops-mindset
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Brent Aaron Reed][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/arrowfeng)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/brentaaronreed/users/wpschaub/users/wpschaub/users/wpschaub/users/cobiacomm/users/marcobravo/users/brentaaronreed
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/brain_data.png?itok=RH6NA32X (human head, brain outlined with computer hardware background)
|
||||
[2]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/devops_mindset_values.png (5 essential values for the DevOps mindset)
|
||||
[3]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/devops_mindset_minimze-time.jpg (Minimize time spent with build-measure-learn process)
|
||||
[4]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/devops_mindset_continuous.png (Continuous goals of DevOps mindset)
|
||||
[5]: http://agents-of-chaos.org
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (wxy)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (5 GNOME keyboard shortcuts to be more productive)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://fedoramagazine.org/5-gnome-keyboard-shortcuts-to-be-more-productive/)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Clément Verna https://fedoramagazine.org/author/cverna/)
|
||||
|
||||
5 个提高效率的 GNOME 快捷键
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
![][1]
|
||||
|
||||
对于某些人来说，使用 GNOME Shell 作为传统的桌面管理器可能会感觉沮丧，因为它通常需要更多的鼠标操作。事实上，GNOME Shell 也是一个专为键盘操作而设计的[桌面管理器][2]。通过这五种使用键盘而不是鼠标的方法，了解如何使用 GNOME Shell 提高效率。
|
||||
|
||||
### GNOME 活动概述
|
||||
|
||||
可以使用键盘上的 `Super` 键轻松打开活动概述。（`Super` 键通常有一个标识——比如 Windows 徽标……。）这在启动应用程序时非常有用。例如，使用以下键序列 `Super + f i r + Enter` 可以轻松启动 Firefox Web 浏览器
|
||||
|
||||
![][3]
|
||||
|
||||
### 消息托盘
|
||||
|
||||
在 GNOME 中，消息托盘中提供了通知。这也是日历和世界时钟出现的地方。要使用键盘打开信息托盘，请使用 `Super + m` 快捷键。要关闭消息托盘，只需再次使用相同的快捷方式。
|
||||
|
||||
* ![][4]
|
||||
|
||||
### 在 GNOME 中管理工作空间
|
||||
|
||||
GNOME Shell 使用动态工作空间，这意味着它可以根据需要创建更多工作空间。使用 GNOME 提高工作效率的一个好方法是为每个应用程序或每个专用活动使用一个工作区，然后使用键盘在这些工作区之间导航。
|
||||
|
||||
让我们看一个实际的例子。要在当前工作区中打开终端，请按以下键：`Super + t e r + Enter`。然后，要打开新工作区，请按 `Super + PgDn`。 打开 Firefox（ `Super + f i r + Enter`）。 要返回终端（所在的工作空间），请使用 `Super + PgUp`。
|
||||
|
||||
![][5]
|
||||
|
||||
### 管理应用窗口
|
||||
|
||||
使用键盘也可以轻松管理应用程序窗口的大小。最小化、最大化和将应用程序移动到屏幕的左侧或右侧只需几个击键即可完成。使用 `Super + ↑` 最大化、`Super + ↓` 最小化、`Super + ←` 和 `Super + →` 左右移动窗口。
|
||||
|
||||
![][6]
|
||||
|
||||
### 同一个应用的多个窗口
|
||||
|
||||
使用活动概述启动应用程序非常有效。但是，尝试从已经运行的应用程序打开一个新窗口只能将焦点转移到已经打开的窗口。要创建一个新窗口，而不是简单地按 `Enter` 启动应用程序，请使用 `Ctrl + Enter`。
|
||||
|
||||
因此，例如，使用应用程序概述启动终端的第二个实例，`Super + t e r + (Ctrl + Enter)`。
|
||||
|
||||
![][7]
|
||||
|
||||
然后你可以使用 `Super` + `在同一个应用程序的窗口之间切换。
|
||||
|
||||
![][8]
|
||||
|
||||
如图所示，当用键盘控制时，GNOME Shell 是一个非常强大的桌面环境。学习使用这些快捷方式并训练你的肌肉记忆以不使用鼠标将为你提供更好的用户体验，并在使用 GNOME 时提高你的工作效率。有关其他有用的快捷方式，请查看 [GNOME wiki 上的此页面][9]。
|
||||
|
||||
* * *
|
||||
|
||||
*图片来自 [1AmFcS][10]，[Unsplash][11]*
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://fedoramagazine.org/5-gnome-keyboard-shortcuts-to-be-more-productive/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Clément Verna][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://fedoramagazine.org/author/cverna/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/5-gnome-keycombos-816x345.jpg
|
||||
[2]: https://fedoramagazine.org/gnome-3-32-released-coming-to-fedora-30/
|
||||
[3]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Peek-2019-05-23-10-50.gif
|
||||
[4]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Peek-2019-05-23-11-01.gif
|
||||
[5]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Peek-2019-05-23-12-57.gif
|
||||
[6]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Peek-2019-05-23-13-06.gif
|
||||
[7]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Peek-2019-05-23-13-19.gif
|
||||
[8]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Peek-2019-05-23-13-22.gif
|
||||
[9]: https://wiki.gnome.org/Design/OS/KeyboardShortcuts
|
||||
[10]: https://unsplash.com/photos/MuTWth_RnEs?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText
|
||||
[11]: https://unsplash.com/search/photos/keyboard?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (wxy)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Open hardware for musicians and music lovers: Headphone, amps, and more)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/19/6/hardware-music)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Michael Weinberg https://opensource.com/users/mweinberg)
|
||||
|
||||
音乐家和音乐爱好者的开放硬件：耳机、放大器等
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
从 3D 打印乐器到将隔空播放声音的设备，有很多可以通过开放硬件项目来制造音乐的方法。
|
||||
|
||||
![][1]
|
||||
|
||||
这个世界到处都是很棒的[开源音乐播放器][2]，但为什么只是将开源用在播放音乐上呢？你还可以使用开源硬件制造音乐。本文中描述的所有工具都是经过了[开源硬件协会][3]（OSHWA）认证的。这意味着你可以自由地构建它们，重新组合它们，或者用它们做任何其他事情。
|
||||
|
||||
### 开源乐器
|
||||
|
||||
当你想制作音乐时，乐器始终是一个好的起点。如果你更倾向于传统的的乐器，那么[F-F-Fiddle][4]可能适合你。
|
||||
|
||||
![F-f-fiddle][5]
|
||||
|
||||
F-F-Fiddle 是一款全尺寸电子小提琴，你可以使用标准桌面 3D 打印机制作（[熔丝制造][6]）。如果你觉得眼见为真，那么这里有一个 F-F-Fiddle 的视频： https://youtu.be/8NDWVcJJS2Y
|
||||
|
||||
精通小提琴，但还对一些更具异国情调的东西感兴趣？<ruby>[开源特雷门琴][7]<rt>Open Theremin</rt></ruby>怎么样？
|
||||
|
||||
![Open Theremin][8]
|
||||
|
||||
与所有特雷门琴一样，开源特雷门琴可让你在不触碰乐器的情况下播放音乐。当然，它特别擅长为你的下一个科幻视频或空间主题派对制作[令人毛骨悚然的空间声音][9]。
|
||||
|
||||
[Waft][10] 的操作类似，也可以远程控制声音。它使用[激光雷达][11]来测量手与传感器的距离。看看这个： https://vimeo.com/203705197
|
||||
|
||||
Waft 是特雷门琴吗？我不确定算不算，特雷门琴高手可以在下面的评论里发表一下看法。
|
||||
|
||||
如果特雷门琴对你来说太熟悉了，[SIGNUM][12]可能就是你想要的。用其开发人员的话说，SIGNUM 通过将不可见的无线通信转换为可听信号来“揭示加密的信息代码和人/机通信的语言”。
|
||||
|
||||
![SIGNUM][13]
|
||||
|
||||
这是演示： https://vimeo.com/142831757
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 输入
|
||||
|
||||
无论你使用什么乐器，都需要将其插入某些东西。如果你想要连接到树莓派，请尝试 [AudioSense-Pi][14]，它允许你一次将多个输入和输出连接到你的树莓派。
|
||||
|
||||
![AudioSense-Pi][15]
|
||||
|
||||
### 合成器
|
||||
|
||||
合成器怎么样？SparkFun 的 [SparkPunk Sound Kit][16] 是一个简单的合成器，为你提供了很多音色。
|
||||
|
||||
![SparkFun SparkPunk Sound Kit][17]
|
||||
|
||||
### 耳机
|
||||
|
||||
制作所有这些音乐很棒，但你还需要考虑如何听它。幸运的是，[EQ-1耳机][18]是开源和可以 3D 打印的。
|
||||
|
||||
![EQ-1 headphones][19]
|
||||
|
||||
你用开源硬件制作音乐吗？让我们在评论中知道！
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/19/6/hardware-music
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Michael Weinberg][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/mweinberg
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/LIFE_musicinfinity.png?itok=7LkfjcS9
|
||||
[2]: https://opensource.com/article/19/2/audio-players-linux
|
||||
[3]: https://certification.oshwa.org/
|
||||
[4]: https://certification.oshwa.org/us000010.html
|
||||
[5]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/f-f-fiddle.png (F-f-fiddle)
|
||||
[6]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fused_filament_fabrication
|
||||
[7]: https://certification.oshwa.org/ch000001.html
|
||||
[8]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/open-theremin.png (Open Theremin)
|
||||
[9]: https://youtu.be/p05ZSHRYXVA?t=771
|
||||
[10]: https://certification.oshwa.org/uk000005.html
|
||||
[11]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lidar
|
||||
[12]: https://certification.oshwa.org/es000003.html
|
||||
[13]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/signum.png (SIGNUM)
|
||||
[14]: https://certification.oshwa.org/in000007.html
|
||||
[15]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/audiosense-pi.png (AudioSense-Pi)
|
||||
[16]: https://certification.oshwa.org/us000016.html
|
||||
[17]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/sparkpunksoundkit.png (SparkFun SparkPunk Sound Kit)
|
||||
[18]: https://certification.oshwa.org/us000038.html
|
||||
[19]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/eq-1-headphones.png (EQ-1 headphones)
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (robsean)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Ubuntu Kylin: The Official Chinese Version of Ubuntu)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-kylin/)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Avimanyu Bandyopadhyay https://itsfoss.com/author/avimanyu/)
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu Kylin: Ubuntu 的官方中文版本
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
[_**Ubuntu 有几个官方特色版本**_][1] _**并且 Kylin 是它们中的一个。在这篇文章中，你将学习 Ubuntu Kylin，它是什么，它为什么被创建，它提供的特色是什么。**_
|
||||
|
||||
Kylin 最初由中华人民共和国的[国防科技大学][2]的院士在2001年开发。名字来源于 [Qilin][3]，一种来自中国神话的神兽。
|
||||
|
||||
Kylin 的第一个版本基于 [FreeBSD][4]，计划用于中国军方和其它政府组织。Kylin 3.0 完全基于 Linux 内核，并且在2010年12月发布一个称为 [NeoKylin][5] 的版本。
|
||||
|
||||
在2013年，[Canonical][6] (Ubuntu 的母公司) reached an agreement with the 与中华人民共和国的[工业和信息化部][7] 达成共识，共同创建和发布一个针对中国市场特色的基于 Ubuntu 的操作系统。
|
||||
|
||||
![Ubuntu Kylin][8]
|
||||
|
||||
### Ubuntu Kylin 是什么?
|
||||
|
||||
根据上述2013年的共识，Ubuntu Kylin 现在是 Ubuntu 的官方中国版本。它不仅仅是语言本地化。事实上，它决心服务中国市场，像 Ubuntu 服务全球市场一样。
|
||||
|
||||
[Ubuntu Kylin][9] 的第一个版本与 Ubuntu 13.04 一起到来。像 Ubuntu 一样，Kylin 也有 LTS (长期支持)和非 LTS 版本。
|
||||
|
||||
当前，Ubuntu Kylin 19.04 LTS 实施带有修改启动动画，登录/锁屏程序和操作系统主题的 [UKUI][10] 桌面环境。为给用户提供更友好的体验，它修复错误，它有文件预览功能，有定时注销，最新的 [WPS 办公组件][11]和 [Sogou][12] 输入法集成在其中。
|
||||
|
||||
Kylin 4.0.2 是一个基于 Ubuntu Kylin 16.04 LTS 的社区版本。它包含一些带有长期稳定支持的第三方应用程序。它非常适合服务器和日常桌面办公使用，欢迎开发者[下载][13]。Kylin 论坛积极地获取来自提供的反馈以及解决问题来找到解决方案。
|
||||
|
||||
[][14]
|
||||
|
||||
建议阅读解决 Ubuntu 错误：下载存储库信息失败，检查你的网络链接。
|
||||
|
||||
#### UKUI：Ubuntu Kylin 的桌面环境
|
||||
|
||||
![Ubuntu Kylin 19.04 with UKUI Desktop][15]
|
||||
|
||||
[UKUI][16] 由 Ubuntu Kylin 开发小组设计和开发，有一些非常好的特色和预装软件：
|
||||
|
||||
* 类似 Windows 的交互功能，带来更友好的用户体验。安装导向是用户友好的，所以，用户可以快速使用 Ubuntu Kylin 。
|
||||
* 控制中心有新的主题和窗口设置。更新像开始菜单，任务栏，文件管理器，窗口管理器和其它的组件。
|
||||
* 在 Ubuntu 和 Debian 存储库上都单独可用，为 Debian/Ubuntu 发行版和其全球衍生版的的用户提供一个新单独桌面环境。
|
||||
* 新的登录和锁定程序，它更稳定和具有很多功能。
|
||||
* 包括一个反馈问题的实用的反馈程序。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### Kylin 软件中心
|
||||
|
||||
![Kylin Software Center][17]
|
||||
|
||||
Kylin 有一个软件中心，类似于 Ubuntu 软件中，并被称为 Ubuntu Kylin 软件中心。它是 Ubuntu Kylin 软件商店的一部分，它也包含 Ubuntu Kylin 开发者平台和 Ubuntu Kylin 存储库，具有一个简单的用户界面，并功能强大。它同时支持 Ubuntu 和 Ubuntu Kylin 存储库，并特别适用于由 Ubuntu Kylin 小组开发的中文特有的软件的快速安装！
|
||||
|
||||
#### Youker: 一系列的工具
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu Kylin 也有一系列被命名为 Youker 的工具。在 Kylin 开始菜单中输入 “Youker” 将带来 Kylin 助手。如果你在键盘上按 “Windows” 按键，像你在 Windows 上一样，你将获得一个精确地响应。它将启动 Kylin 开始菜单。
|
||||
|
||||
![Kylin Assistant][18]
|
||||
|
||||
其它 Kylin 品牌的应用程序包括 Kylin 影音(播放器)，Kylin 刻录，Youker 天气，Youker 企鹅，它们更好地支持办公工作和个人娱乐。
|
||||
|
||||
![Kylin Video][19]
|
||||
|
||||
#### 特别专注于中文
|
||||
|
||||
与 Kingsoft 合作，Ubuntu Kylin 开发者也致力于 Linux 版本的搜狗拼音输入法，快盘，和 Ubuntu Kylin 版本的 Kingsoft WPS ，也解决智能拼音，云存储和办公应用程序。[Pinyin][20] 是中文字符的拉丁化系统。使用这个系统，用户用英文键盘输出，但在屏幕上将显示中文字符。
|
||||
|
||||
[][21]
|
||||
|
||||
建议阅读如何在 Ubuntu 中移除旧的 Linux 内核版本
|
||||
|
||||
#### 有趣的事实：Ubuntu Kylin 运行在中国超级计算机上
|
||||
|
||||
![Tianhe-2 Supercomputer. Photo by O01326 – Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=45399546][22]
|
||||
|
||||
它已经在公知的[世界500强最快的运行 Linux 的超级计算机][23]中。中国超级计算机[天河-1][24]和[天河-2][25]都使用 Kylin Linux 的64位版本，致力于高性能的[并行计算][26]最优化，电源管理和高性能的[虚拟化计算][27]。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 总结
|
||||
|
||||
我希望你喜欢这篇 Ubuntu Kylin 世界的介绍。你可以从它的[官方网站][28]获得 Ubuntu Kylin 19.04 或基于 Ubuntu 16.04 的社区版本。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-kylin/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Avimanyu Bandyopadhyay][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[robsean](https://github.com/robsean)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/avimanyu/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://itsfoss.com/which-ubuntu-install/
|
||||
[2]: https://english.nudt.edu.cn
|
||||
[3]: https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-a-qilin-195005
|
||||
[4]: https://itsfoss.com/freebsd-12-release/
|
||||
[5]: https://thehackernews.com/2015/09/neokylin-china-linux-os.html
|
||||
[6]: https://www.canonical.com/
|
||||
[7]: http://english.gov.cn/state_council/2014/08/23/content_281474983035940.htm
|
||||
[8]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Ubuntu-Kylin.jpeg?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1
|
||||
[9]: http://www.ubuntukylin.com/
|
||||
[10]: http://ukui.org
|
||||
[11]: https://www.wps.com/
|
||||
[12]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sogou_Pinyin
|
||||
[13]: http://www.ubuntukylin.com/downloads/show.php?lang=en&id=122
|
||||
[14]: https://itsfoss.com/solve-ubuntu-error-failed-to-download-repository-information-check-your-internet-connection/
|
||||
[15]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/ubuntu-Kylin-19-04-desktop.jpg?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1
|
||||
[16]: http://www.ukui.org/
|
||||
[17]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/kylin-software-center.jpg?resize=800%2C496&ssl=1
|
||||
[18]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/kylin-assistant.jpg?resize=800%2C535&ssl=1
|
||||
[19]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/kylin-video.jpg?resize=800%2C533&ssl=1
|
||||
[20]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin
|
||||
[21]: https://itsfoss.com/remove-old-kernels-ubuntu/
|
||||
[22]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/tianhe-2.jpg?resize=800%2C600&ssl=1
|
||||
[23]: https://itsfoss.com/linux-runs-top-supercomputers/
|
||||
[24]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tianhe-1
|
||||
[25]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tianhe-2
|
||||
[26]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_computing
|
||||
[27]: https://computer.howstuffworks.com/how-virtual-computing-works.htm
|
||||
[28]: http://www.ubuntukylin.com
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user