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Learn how to build your own Twitter bot with Python.md
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Learn how to build your own Twitter bot with Python
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======
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Twitter allows one to [share][1] blog posts and articles with the world. Using Python and the tweepy library makes it easy to create a Twitter bot that takes care of all the tweeting for you. This article shows you how to build such a bot. Hopefully you can take the concepts here and apply them to other projects that use online services.
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### Getting started
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To create a Twitter bot the [tweepy][2] library comes handy. It manages the Twitter API calls and provides a simple interface.
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The following commands use Pipenv to install tweepy into a virtual environment. If you don’t have Pipenv installed, check out our previous article, [How to install Pipenv on Fedora][3].
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```
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$ mkdir twitterbot
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$ cd twitterbot
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$ pipenv --three
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$ pipenv install tweepy
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$ pipenv shell
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```
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### Tweepy – Getting started
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To use the Twitter API the bot needs to authenticate against Twitter. For that, tweepy uses the OAuth authentication standard. You can get credentials by creating a new application at <https://apps.twitter.com/>.
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#### Create a new Twitter application
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After you fill in the following form and click on the Create your Twitter application button, you have access to the application credentials. Tweepy requires the Consumer Key (API Key) and the Consumer Secret (API Secret), both available from the Keys and Access Tokens.
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![][4]
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After scrolling down the page, generate an Access Token and an Access Token Secret using the Create my access token button.
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#### Using Tweepy – print your timeline
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Now that you have all the credentials needed, open a new file and write the following Python code.
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```
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import tweepy
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auth = tweepy.OAuthHandler("your_consumer_key", "your_consumer_key_secret")
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auth.set_access_token("your_access_token", "your_access_token_secret")
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api = tweepy.API(auth)
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public_tweets = api.home_timeline()
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for tweet in public_tweets:
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print(tweet.text)
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```
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After making sure that you are using the Pipenv virtual environment, run your program.
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```
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$ python tweet.py
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```
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The above program calls the home_timeline API method to retrieve the 20 most recent tweets from your timeline. Now that the bot is able to use tweepy to get data from Twitter, try changing the code to send a tweet.
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#### Using Tweepy – send a tweet
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To send a tweet, the API method update_status comes in handy. The usage is simple:
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```
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api.update_status("The awesome text you would like to tweet")
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```
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The tweepy library has many other methods that can be useful for a Twitter bot. For the full details of the API, check the [documentation][5].
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### A magazine bot
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Let’s create a bot that searches for Fedora Magazine tweets and automatically retweets them.
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To avoid retweeting the same tweet multiple times, the bot stores the tweet ID of the last retweet. Two helper functions, store_last_id and get_last_id, will be used to save and retrieve this ID.
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Then the bot uses the tweepy search API to find the Fedora Magazine tweets that are more recent than the stored ID.
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```
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import tweepy
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def store_last_id(tweet_id):
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""" Store a tweet id in a file """
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with open("lastid", "w") as fp:
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fp.write(str(tweet_id))
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def get_last_id():
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""" Read the last retweeted id from a file """
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with open("lastid", "r") as fp:
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return fp.read()
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if __name__ == '__main__':
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auth = tweepy.OAuthHandler("your_consumer_key", "your_consumer_key_secret")
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auth.set_access_token("your_access_token", "your_access_token_secret") api = tweepy.API(auth)
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try:
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last_id = get_last_id()
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except FileNotFoundError:
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print("No retweet yet")
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last_id = None
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for tweet in tweepy.Cursor(api.search, q="fedoramagazine.org", since_id=last_id).items():
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if tweet.user.name == 'Fedora Project':
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store_last_id(tweet.id)
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tweet.retweet()
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print(f'"{tweet.text}" was retweeted'
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```
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In order to retweet only tweets from the Fedora Magazine, the bot searches for tweets that contain fedoramagazine.org and are published by the “Fedora Project” Twitter account.
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### Conclusion
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In this article you saw how to create a Twitter application using the tweepy Python library to automate reading, sending and searching tweets. You can now use your creativity to create a Twitter bot of your own.
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The source code of the example in this article is available on [Github][6].
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://fedoramagazine.org/learn-build-twitter-bot-python/
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作者：[Clément Verna][a]
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选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://fedoramagazine.org
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[1]:https://twitter.com
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[2]:https://tweepy.readthedocs.io/en/v3.5.0/
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[3]:https://fedoramagazine.org/install-pipenv-fedora/
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[4]:https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Screenshot-from-2018-07-19-20-17-17.png
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[5]:http://docs.tweepy.org/en/v3.5.0/api.html#id1
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[6]:https://github.com/cverna/magabot
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学习如何使用 Python 构建你自己的 Twitter Bot
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======
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Twitter 允许用户向这个世界[分享][1]博客文章。使用 Python 和 Tweepy 拓展使得创建一个 Twitter 机器人来接管你的所有 tweeting 变得非常简单。这篇文章告诉你如何去构建这样一个机器人。希望你能将这些概念也同样应用到其他的在线服务的项目中去。
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### 开始
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[tweepy][2] 拓展可以让创建一个 Twitter 机器人的过程更加容易上手。它包含了 Twitter 的 API 调用和一个很简单的接口
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下面这些命令使用 Pipenv 在一个虚拟环境中安装 tweepy。如果你没有安装 Pipenv，可以看一看我们之前的文章[如何在 Fedora 上安装 Pipenv][3]
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```
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$ mkdir twitterbot
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$ cd twitterbot
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$ pipenv --three
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$ pipenv install tweepy
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$ pipenv shell
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```
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### Tweepy – 开始
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要使用 Twitter API ，机器人需要通过 Twitter 的授权。为了解决这个问题， tweepy 使用了 OAuth 授权标准。你可以通过在 <https://apps.twitter.com/> 创建一个新的应用来获取到凭证。
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#### 创建一个新的 Twitter 应用
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当你填完了表格并点击了创建你自己的应用的按钮后，你可以获取到应用的凭证。 Tweepy 需要用户密钥 (API Key)和用户密码 (API Secret),这些都可以在 the Keys and Access Tokens 中找到
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向下滚动页面，使用创建我的 Access Token 按钮生成一个 Access Token 和一个 Access Token Secret
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#### 使用 Tweppy —— 输出你的时间线
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现在你已经有了所需的凭证了，打开一个文件，并写下如下的 Python 代码。
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```
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import tweepy
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auth = tweepy.OAuthHandler("your_consumer_key", "your_consumer_key_secret")
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auth.set_access_token("your_access_token", "your_access_token_secret")
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api = tweepy.API(auth)
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public_tweets = api.home_timeline()
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for tweet in public_tweets:
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print(tweet.text)
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```
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在确保你正在使用你的 Pipenv 虚拟环境后，执行你的程序
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```
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$ python tweet.py
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```
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上述程序调用了 home_timeline 方法来获取到你时间线中的 20 条最近的 tweets。现在这个机器人能够使用 tweepy 来获取到 Twitter 的数据，接下来尝试修改代码来发送 tweet。
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#### 使用 Tweepy —— 发送一条 tweet
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要发送一条 tweet ，有一个容易上手的 API 方法 update_status 。它的用法很简单：
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```
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api.update_status("The awesome text you would like to tweet")
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```
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Tweepy 拓展为制作 Twitter 机器人准备了非常多不同有用的方法。获取 API 的详细信息，查看[文档][5]。
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### 一个杂志机器人
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接下来我们来创建一个搜索 Fedora Magazine 的 tweets 并转推这些 tweets 的机器人。
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为了避免多次转推相同的内容，这个机器人存放了最近一条转推的 tweet 的 ID 。 两个助手函数 store_last_id 和 get_last_id 将会帮助存储和保存这个 ID。
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然后，机器人使用 tweepy 搜索 API 来查找 Fedora Magazine 的最近的 tweets 并存储这个 ID。
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```
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import tweepy
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def store_last_id(tweet_id):
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""" Store a tweet id in a file """
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with open("lastid", "w") as fp:
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fp.write(str(tweet_id))
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def get_last_id():
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""" Read the last retweeted id from a file """
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with open("lastid", "r") as fp:
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return fp.read()
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if __name__ == '__main__':
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auth = tweepy.OAuthHandler("your_consumer_key", "your_consumer_key_secret")
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auth.set_access_token("your_access_token", "your_access_token_secret") api = tweepy.API(auth)
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try:
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last_id = get_last_id()
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except FileNotFoundError:
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print("No retweet yet")
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last_id = None
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for tweet in tweepy.Cursor(api.search, q="fedoramagazine.org", since_id=last_id).items():
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if tweet.user.name == 'Fedora Project':
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store_last_id(tweet.id)
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tweet.retweet()
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print(f'"{tweet.text}" was retweeted'
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```
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为了只转推 Fedora Magazine 的 tweet ，机器人搜索内容包含 fedoramagazine.org 和由 「Fedora Project」 Twitter 账户发布的 tweets。
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### 结论
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在这篇文章中你看到了如何使用 tweepy Python 拓展来创建一个自动阅读、发送和搜索 tweets 的 Twitter 应用。现在，你能使用你自己的创造力来创造一个你自己的 Twitter 机器人。
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这篇文章的演示源码可以在 [Github][6] 找到。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://fedoramagazine.org/learn-build-twitter-bot-python/
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作者：[Clément Verna][a]
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选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
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译者：[Bestony](https://github.com/bestony)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://fedoramagazine.org
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[1]:https://twitter.com
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[2]:https://tweepy.readthedocs.io/en/v3.5.0/
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[3]:https://fedoramagazine.org/install-pipenv-fedora/
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[4]:https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Screenshot-from-2018-07-19-20-17-17.png
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[5]:http://docs.tweepy.org/en/v3.5.0/api.html#id1
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[6]:https://github.com/cverna/magabot
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