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Linchenguang
commit
d664d30d78
50
README.md
50
README.md
@ -44,48 +44,57 @@ LCTT的组成
|
||||
- CORE [jasminepeng](https://github.com/jasminepeng),
|
||||
- CORE [willqian](https://github.com/willqian),
|
||||
- CORE [vizv](https://github.com/vizv),
|
||||
- CORE [GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux),
|
||||
- [luoxcat](https://github.com/Luoxcat),
|
||||
- [runningwater](https://github.com/runningwater),
|
||||
- [bazz2](https://github.com/bazz2),
|
||||
- [flsf](https://github.com/flsf),
|
||||
- [Vic020](https://github.com/Vic020),
|
||||
- [flsf](https://github.com/flsf),
|
||||
- [alim0x](https://github.com/alim0x),
|
||||
- [crowner](https://github.com/crowner),
|
||||
- [Linux-pdz](https://github.com/Linux-pdz),
|
||||
- [KayGuoWhu](https://github.com/KayGuoWhu),
|
||||
- [crowner](https://github.com/crowner),
|
||||
- [woodboow](https://github.com/woodboow),
|
||||
- [Linchenguang](https://github.com/Linchenguang),
|
||||
- [woodboow](https://github.com/woodboow),
|
||||
- [zpl1025](https://github.com/zpl1025),
|
||||
- [blueabysm](https://github.com/blueabysm),
|
||||
- [yechunxiao19](https://github.com/yechunxiao19),
|
||||
- [blueabysm](https://github.com/blueabysm),
|
||||
- [linuhap](https://github.com/linuhap),
|
||||
- [scusjs](https://github.com/scusjs),
|
||||
- [hyaocuk](https://github.com/hyaocuk),
|
||||
- [theo-l](https://github.com/theo-l),
|
||||
- [NearTan](https://github.com/NearTan),
|
||||
- [ThomazL](https://github.com/ThomazL),
|
||||
- [l3b2w1](https://github.com/l3b2w1),
|
||||
- [ThomazL](https://github.com/ThomazL),
|
||||
- [MikeCoder](https://github.com/MikeCoder),
|
||||
- [shipsw](https://github.com/shipsw),
|
||||
- [boredivan](https://github.com/boredivan),
|
||||
- [rogetfan](https://github.com/rogetfan),
|
||||
- [liuaiping](https://github.com/liuaiping),
|
||||
- [whatever1992](https://github.com/whatever1992),
|
||||
- [tenght](https://github.com/tenght),
|
||||
- [linuhap](https://github.com/linuhap),
|
||||
- [jiajia9linuxer](https://github.com/jiajia9linuxer),
|
||||
- [icybreaker](https://github.com/icybreaker),
|
||||
- [liuaiping](https://github.com/liuaiping),
|
||||
- [tenght](https://github.com/tenght),
|
||||
- [rogetfan](https://github.com/rogetfan),
|
||||
- [whatever1992](https://github.com/whatever1992),
|
||||
- [2q1w2007](https://github.com/2q1w2007),
|
||||
- [disylee](https://github.com/disylee),
|
||||
- [SteveArcher](https://github.com/SteveArcher),
|
||||
- [JonathanKang](https://github.com/JonathanKang),
|
||||
- [zzlyzq](https://github.com/zzlyzq),
|
||||
- [FineFan](https://github.com/FineFan),
|
||||
- [ailurus1991](https://github.com/ailurus1991),
|
||||
- [zzlyzq](https://github.com/zzlyzq),
|
||||
- [tomatoKiller](https://github.com/tomatoKiller),
|
||||
- [small-Wood](https://github.com/small-Wood),
|
||||
- [ggaaooppeenngg](https://github.com/ggaaooppeenngg),
|
||||
- [yujianxuechuan](https://github.com/yujianxuechuan),
|
||||
- [Hao-Ding](https://github.com/Hao-Ding),
|
||||
- [Maclauring](https://github.com/Maclauring),
|
||||
- [lijhg](https://github.com/lijhg),
|
||||
- [zsJacky](https://github.com/zsJacky),
|
||||
- [tomatoKiller](https://github.com/tomatoKiller),
|
||||
- [stduolc](https://github.com/stduolc),
|
||||
- [Maclauring](https://github.com/Maclauring),
|
||||
- [Hao-Ding](https://github.com/Hao-Ding),
|
||||
- [small-Wood](https://github.com/small-Wood),
|
||||
- [zsJacky](https://github.com/zsJacky),
|
||||
- [CHINAANSHE](https://github.com/CHINAANSHE),
|
||||
- [ggaaooppeenngg](https://github.com/ggaaooppeenngg),
|
||||
- [lijhg](https://github.com/lijhg),
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
（更新于2014/05/16）
|
||||
（更新于2014/06/18）
|
||||
|
||||
谢谢大家的支持！
|
||||
|
||||
@ -102,4 +111,5 @@ LCTT的组成
|
||||
* 2013/11/10 举行第一次北京线下聚会。
|
||||
* 2014/01/02 增加了Core Translators 成员: geekpi。
|
||||
* 2014/05/04 更换了新的QQ群：198889102
|
||||
* 2014/05/16 增加了Core Translators 成员: will.qian、vizv。
|
||||
* 2014/05/16 增加了Core Translators 成员: will.qian、vizv。
|
||||
* 2014/06/18 由于GOLinux令人惊叹的翻译速度和不错的翻译质量，升级为Core Translators 成员。
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
|
||||
嵌入式多媒体中心 OpenELEC 4.0.4
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
![] (http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/OpenELEC-4-0-4-Is-Out-and-Based-on-XBMC-13-1-quot-Gotham-quot-445802-2.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
**OpenELEC 4.0.4已经发布，它是一个专门设计运行XBMC的嵌入式系统，一个开放源代码的娱乐媒体中心。它构建 XBMC 13.1 基础之上。**
|
||||
|
||||
OpenELEC 开发商非常密切地跟着 XBMC 的产品开发周期，目前已经发布了他们的最新的 4.0.4 的版本。它基于 XBMC 13.1 "Gotham"，并且开发者们做了一些自己的改动。
|
||||
|
||||
“此版本包括一些bug修正、安全修复和来自于 OpenELEC 4.0.3 的改进。除了通常的错误修正和软件包更新，我们已经使用最新的补丁文件升级 XBMC 至最新的 XBMC 13.1 (final)。这个版本包含了在 XBMC 13.0 发布之后的很多已知问题的修复（其中有些我们已包括 OpenELEC 4.0.0中）。”
|
||||
|
||||
“我们在popcornmix的帮助下发现并修复了一些和树莓派相关内核问题、 固件和 XBMC 代码中的问题，非常感谢他的帮助 ！OpenELEC 4.0.4 现在是一个稳定版本，包含了OpenELEC 4.0系列的bug修正和安全漏洞修复 。”开发商的官方网站上如是写道。
|
||||
|
||||
OpenELEC 4.0.4 界面更加美观而且更新和修复了许多问题。例如，e2fsprogs 已更新到版本 1.42.10、 bluez 已更新到版本 5.19、 fontconfig 版本更新到 2.11.1，也默认集成了 systemd 213 和修复了一些安全问题的gnutls 3.2.12，而且使用了一个新的 Linux 内核3.14.5。
|
||||
|
||||
此外，DVB T2 已经添加了对 GeniaTech T220 / August T210 设备的支持，由于其驱动程序尚不完善而允许禁用WOL、也添加了尚不完善的"e1000e"驱动，树莓派的支持补丁已更新。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你已经有一个旧版的 OpenELEC，你可能需要考虑升级的系统而不是从头开始安装它。如果想顺利地完成安装，至少应该是 3.2 版本。
|
||||
|
||||
如果您尝试从旧版本操作系统的更新，您可能发现一些插件和插件都不再工作。所以最明智的办法就是，在尝试升级之前备份你的系统。
|
||||
|
||||
以 XBMC 13.1 "Gotham" 版本为基，配有 Android 硬件解码、 许多树莓派和 Android 速度方面的改善，立体 3D 渲染，更好的触摸屏支持，改进了 UPnP 功能，很多的音频引擎的改进，更好地字幕搜索、 对开发者增加的如 Python 和 JSON RPC API等 ，FFmpeg 1.2，还有更多。
|
||||
|
||||
查阅官方 [公告] [1] 的更改和改进的完整列表。
|
||||
|
||||
### 下载最新的 OpenELEC 4.0.4： ###
|
||||
- [OpenELEC 4.0.4 (tar.bz2) 64-bit][2][binary] [145 MB]
|
||||
- [OpenELEC 4.0.4 (tar.bz2) 32-bit][3][binary] [142 MB]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/OpenELEC-4-0-4-Is-Out-and-Based-on-XBMC-13-1-quot-Gotham-quot-445802.shtml
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[owen-carter](https://github.com/owen-carter) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://openelec.tv/news/22-releases/129-openelec-4-0-4-released
|
||||
[2]:http://openelec.tv/get-openelec/download/viewdownload/8/339
|
||||
[3]:http://openelec.tv/get-openelec/download/viewdownload/8/338
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
|
||||
开源SDN项目OpenDaylight添加新成员
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
[Linux基金会][1]的[OpenDaylight][2] 项目旨在促进开源的[软件定义网络][3] (SDN) 发展。 [Extreme Networks][4] (EXTR), [Flextronics][5]和[Oracle][6] (ORCL) 现在也加入了该项目。
|
||||
|
||||
三个公司6月5日正式加入OpenDaylight，其成员数达到到39。该项目还有195位协作开发人员，以建立一个开放源码的SDN平台。
|
||||
|
||||
新成员带来了在数据中心和云计算的设计和基础设施的专长。Extreme Networks是专业提供高性能网络解决方案的企业，而Flextronics提供系统设计、生产和物流。Oracle有广泛的业务，同时专注于各种领域的云计算和数据中心。
|
||||
|
||||
OpenDaylight 领导人很高兴该项目的会员增多，并进一步走向创造一个以开放标准为中心和避免垄断的SDN生态系统。OpenDaylight执行主任Jacques Neela说："更多的声音意味着更多的讨论和更好的代码，我们很高兴看到各种多样性的新成员加入来加宽探讨SDN和NFV的领域"。
|
||||
|
||||
OpenDaylight的第一款正式软件是在2013年4月发布的，该软件在同年二月首次以Hydrogen的名字出现。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://thevarguy.com/open-source-application-software-companies/open-source-sdn-project-opendaylight-adds-new-members
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[2q1w2007](https://github.com/2q1w2007) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://linuxfoundation.org/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.opendaylight.org/
|
||||
[3]:http://thevarguy.com/sdn
|
||||
[4]:http://www.extremenetworks.com/
|
||||
[5]:http://www.flextronics.com/
|
||||
[6]:http://oracle.com/
|
||||
[7]:http://thevarguy.com/open-source-application-software-companies/020514/embargo-until-feb-4-1130-am-est-opendaylight-releases-fir
|
||||
@ -1,38 +1,38 @@
|
||||
Linux LVM简明教程
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
LVM是一个多才多艺的硬盘系统工具。无论在Linux或者其他相似的系统，都是非常的好用。传统分区使用固定大小分区，重新分区十分麻烦。但是，LVM创建和管理从硬盘中分出来的“逻辑”卷，提供管理员弹性管理逻辑卷的扩大缩小，操作简单，还不损坏已存储的数据。附加硬盘可以随意增加到LVM，而且可以直接增加已经存在的逻辑卷。LVM不需要重启而只要内核知道分区的存在。
|
||||
逻辑卷管理LVM是一个多才多艺的硬盘系统工具。无论在Linux或者其他类似的系统，都是非常的好用。传统分区使用固定大小分区，重新调整大小十分麻烦。但是，LVM可以创建和管理“逻辑”卷，而不是直接使用物理硬盘。可以让管理员弹性的管理逻辑卷的扩大缩小，操作简单，而不损坏已存储的数据。可以随意将新的硬盘添加到LVM，以直接扩展已经存在的逻辑卷。LVM并不需要重启就可以让内核知道分区的存在。
|
||||
|
||||
LVM使用分层结构，如下图所示。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
图中顶层，首先是实际的物理卷。下一层，一个或多个物理卷可以用来创建卷组。再下一层，然后逻辑卷的创建基于卷组。只要在卷组中有可用空间，就可以随心所欲的创建逻辑卷。最下面层，文件系统的分区就是从逻辑卷上创建，然后可以在操作系统挂载和访问。
|
||||
图中顶部，首先是实际的物理磁盘及其划分的分区和其上的物理卷（PV）。一个或多个物理卷可以用来创建卷组（VG）。然后基于卷组可以创建逻辑卷（LV）。只要在卷组中有可用空间，就可以随心所欲的创建逻辑卷。文件系统就是在逻辑卷上创建的，然后可以在操作系统挂载和访问。
|
||||
|
||||
### LVM测试说明 ###
|
||||
|
||||
本文将介绍**怎么在linux中创建和管理LVM卷**。我们将会分成两个部分。第一个部分，我们首要要在一个硬盘上创建多个逻辑卷，然后将它们挂载在/lvm-mount目录。然后我们将要对创建好的卷调整大小。而第二部分，我们将会从另外一块硬盘增加额外的卷到LVM中。
|
||||
本文将介绍**怎么在linux中创建和管理LVM卷**。我们将会分成两个部分。第一个部分，我们首先要在一个硬盘上创建多个逻辑卷，然后将它们挂载在/lvm-mount目录。然后我们将要对创建好的卷调整大小。而第二部分，我们将会从另外一块硬盘增加额外的卷到LVM中。
|
||||
|
||||
### 准备磁盘分区 ###
|
||||
|
||||
通过使用fdisk，创建磁盘分区。我们需要创建3个1G分区，注意，相同大小的分区不是强制的。同样，分区需要使用‘8e’类型来使他们兼容LVM。
|
||||
通过使用fdisk，创建磁盘分区。我们需要创建3个1G分区，注意，并不要求分区的大小一致。同样，分区需要使用‘8e’类型来使他们可用于LVM。
|
||||
|
||||
# fdisk /dev/sdb
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
Command (m for help): n ## new
|
||||
Command (m for help): n ## 新建
|
||||
Command action
|
||||
e extended
|
||||
p primary partition (1-4)
|
||||
p ## primary
|
||||
p ## 主分区
|
||||
|
||||
Partition number (1-4): 1 ## partition number
|
||||
First cylinder (1-1044, default 1): ## hit enter
|
||||
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-1044, default 1044): +1G ## size
|
||||
Partition number (1-4): 1 ## 分区号
|
||||
First cylinder (1-1044, default 1): ## 回车用默认的1
|
||||
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-1044, default 1044): +1G ## 大小
|
||||
|
||||
Command (m for help): t ## change type
|
||||
Command (m for help): t ## 改变类型
|
||||
Selected partition 1
|
||||
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e ## code for LVM
|
||||
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e ## LVM 的分区代码
|
||||
Changed system type of partition 1 to 8e (Linux LVM)
|
||||
|
||||
重复上面的操作来创建其他两个分区。分区创建完成后，我们应该有类似如下的输出：
|
||||
@ -46,15 +46,15 @@ LVM使用分层结构，如下图所示。
|
||||
/dev/sdb2 133 264 1060290 8e Linux LVM
|
||||
/dev/sdb3 265 396 1060290 8e Linux LVM
|
||||
|
||||
### 准备物理卷 ###
|
||||
### 准备物理卷(PV) ###
|
||||
|
||||
刚创建的分区是用来储存物理卷的。LVM可以在不同大小的物理卷上工作。
|
||||
刚创建的分区是用来储存物理卷的。LVM可以使用不同大小的物理卷。
|
||||
|
||||
# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
|
||||
# pvcreate /dev/sdb2
|
||||
# pvcreate /dev/sdb3
|
||||
|
||||
使用下列命令检查物理卷已经创建。下面截取部分输出。"/dev/sdb2"是一个新的"1.01 GiB"物理卷。
|
||||
使用下列命令检查物理卷的创建情况。下面截取部分输出。"/dev/sdb2"是一个新的"1.01 GiB"物理卷。
|
||||
|
||||
# pvdisplay
|
||||
|
||||
@ -75,8 +75,7 @@ LVM使用分层结构，如下图所示。
|
||||
|
||||
# pvremove /dev/sdb1
|
||||
|
||||
### 准备卷组 ###
|
||||
|
||||
### 准备卷组(VG) ###
|
||||
|
||||
下列命令用来创建名为'volume-group1'的卷组，使用/dev/sdb1, /dev/sdb2 和 /dev/sdb3创建。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -109,20 +108,19 @@ LVM使用分层结构，如下图所示。
|
||||
Free PE / Size 774 / 3.02 GiB
|
||||
VG UUID bwd2pS-fkAz-lGVZ-qc7C-TaKv-fFUC-IzGNBK
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
从输出中，我们可以看见卷组的使用量/总量。物理卷给卷组提供空间。只要在这个卷组中还有可用空间，我们就可以随意创建逻辑卷。
|
||||
|
||||
使用下列命令删除卷组。
|
||||
|
||||
# vgremove volume-group1
|
||||
|
||||
### 创建逻辑卷 ###
|
||||
### 创建逻辑卷(LV) ###
|
||||
|
||||
下列命令创建一个名为'1v1'、大小为100MB的逻辑卷。我们使用小分区减少执行时间。逻辑卷使用之前创建的卷组的空间。
|
||||
下列命令创建一个名为'1v1'、大小为100MB的逻辑卷。我们使用小分区减少执行时间。这个逻辑卷使用之前创建的卷组的空间。
|
||||
|
||||
# lvcreate -L 100M -n lv1 volume-group1
|
||||
|
||||
逻辑卷使用lvdisplay命令查看。
|
||||
逻辑卷可使用lvdisplay命令查看。
|
||||
|
||||
# lvdisplay
|
||||
|
||||
@ -143,13 +141,13 @@ LVM使用分层结构，如下图所示。
|
||||
- currently set to 256
|
||||
Block device 253:2
|
||||
|
||||
现在逻辑卷已经准备好了，我们可以格式化和挂载逻辑卷，就像ext2/3/4分区一样！
|
||||
现在逻辑卷已经准备好了，我们可以格式化和挂载逻辑卷，就像其它ext2/3/4分区一样！
|
||||
|
||||
# mkfs.ext4 /dev/volume-group1/lv1
|
||||
# mkdir /lvm-mount
|
||||
# mount /dev/volume-group1/lv1 /lvm-mount/
|
||||
|
||||
一旦逻辑卷挂载，我们就可以到挂载点/lvm-mount/读取/写入了。为了创建和挂载额外的逻辑卷，我们重复这个过程。
|
||||
一旦逻辑卷挂载，我们就可以到挂载点 /lvm-mount/ 上读写了。要创建和挂载其它的逻辑卷，我们重复这个过程。
|
||||
|
||||
最后，使用lvremove我们可以删除逻辑卷。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -158,9 +156,9 @@ LVM使用分层结构，如下图所示。
|
||||
|
||||
### 扩展一个LVM卷 ###
|
||||
|
||||
调整逻辑卷大小的功能是LVM最好的部分。这个章节会讨论我们怎么样扩展一个存在的逻辑卷。接下来，我们将会扩展先前创建的逻辑卷‘lv1’扩大到200MB。
|
||||
调整逻辑卷大小的功能是LVM最有用的功能。这个部分会讨论我们怎么样扩展一个存在的逻辑卷。下面，我们将会扩展先前创建的逻辑卷‘lv1’扩大到200MB。
|
||||
|
||||
注意，调整逻辑卷大小之后，也需要对文件系统调整大小进行匹配。有个额外的步骤各不相同,这取决于创建文件系统的类型。在本文中，我们使用'lv1'创建了ext4类型的文件系统，所以这里的操作是针对ext4文件系统的。（它也兼容ext2/3文件系统）。命令的执行顺序是很重要的。
|
||||
注意，调整逻辑卷大小之后，也需要对文件系统调整大小进行匹配。这个额外的步骤各不相同，取决于创建文件系统的类型。在本文中，我们使用'lv1'创建了ext4类型的文件系统，所以这里的操作是针对ext4文件系统的。（ext2/3文件系统也类同）。命令的执行顺序是很重要的。
|
||||
|
||||
首先，我们卸载掉lv1卷
|
||||
|
||||
@ -174,13 +172,12 @@ LVM使用分层结构，如下图所示。
|
||||
|
||||
# e2fsck -f /dev/volume-group1/lv1
|
||||
|
||||
完成以后，ext4信息已经更新。
|
||||
运行以下命令扩展文件系统以后，ext4信息就更新了。
|
||||
|
||||
# resize2fs /dev/volume-group1/lv1
|
||||
|
||||
现在，这个逻辑卷应该已经扩展到200MB了。我们检查LV的状态来验证。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# lvdisplay
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
@ -200,14 +197,13 @@ LVM使用分层结构，如下图所示。
|
||||
- currently set to 256
|
||||
Block device 253:2
|
||||
|
||||
现在，这个逻辑卷可以再次挂载，同样这个方法使用其他分区。
|
||||
现在，这个逻辑卷可以再次挂载，同样这个方法也可用于其他分区。
|
||||
|
||||
### 缩减一个LVM卷 ###
|
||||
|
||||
这章节介绍缩减LVM卷大小的方法。命令的顺序同样重要。并且，下列命令对ext2/3/4文件系统同样有效。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
注意减少逻辑卷的大小值若小于储存的数据大小，会出现数据丢失。
|
||||
注意减少逻辑卷的大小值若小于储存的数据大小，存储在后面的数据会丢失。
|
||||
|
||||
首先，卸载掉卷。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -217,7 +213,7 @@ LVM使用分层结构，如下图所示。
|
||||
|
||||
# e2fsck -f /dev/volume-group1/lv1
|
||||
|
||||
接下来，更新ext4信息。
|
||||
接下来缩小文件系统，更新ext4信息。
|
||||
|
||||
# resize2fs /dev/volume-group1/lv1 100M
|
||||
|
||||
@ -254,8 +250,7 @@ LVM使用分层结构，如下图所示。
|
||||
|
||||
### 扩展一个卷组 ###
|
||||
|
||||
本节将讨论扩展卷组的方法，将一个物理卷添加到卷组。让我们假设我们的卷组'volume-group1'已经满了，需要扩大。收上的硬盘（sdb）已经没有其他空闲分区，我们添加了另外一个硬盘（sdc）。我们将看到如何从sdc扩展一个卷组，并增加一个分区。
|
||||
|
||||
本节将讨论扩展卷组的方法，将一个物理卷添加到卷组。让我们假设我们的卷组'volume-group1'已经满了，需要扩大。手上的硬盘（sdb）已经没有其他空闲分区，我们添加了另外一个硬盘（sdc）。我们将看到如何把sdc的分区添加到卷组以扩展。
|
||||
|
||||
检测现在卷组状态
|
||||
|
||||
@ -316,7 +311,7 @@ LVM使用分层结构，如下图所示。
|
||||
|
||||
# vgextend volume-group1 /dev/sdc1
|
||||
|
||||
使用vgdisplay来验证。
|
||||
使用vgdisplay来验证（可以看到卷组大小已经增大）。
|
||||
|
||||
# vgdisplay
|
||||
|
||||
@ -343,7 +338,7 @@ LVM使用分层结构，如下图所示。
|
||||
Free PE / Size 1262 / 4.93 GiB
|
||||
VG UUID bwd2pS-fkAz-lGVZ-qc7C-TaKv-fFUC-IzGNBK
|
||||
|
||||
注意，尽管我们使用一个单独的磁盘做示范，其实只要是‘8e’类型的磁盘都可以用来扩展卷组。
|
||||
注意，尽管我们使用一个单独的磁盘做示范，其实只要是‘8e’类型的磁盘分区都可以用来扩展卷组。
|
||||
|
||||
总结一下，LVM是一个非常给力的工具，用来创建和管理可变大小的分区。本文中，我们已经看见了动态分区如何在LVM中创建和使用。我们也看见了扩展/缩小逻辑卷和卷组的方法，和如何增加一个新的磁盘到LVM。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -353,6 +348,6 @@ LVM使用分层结构，如下图所示。
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/05/use-lvm-linux.html
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[Vic___](http://www.vicyu.net) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[Vic___](http://www.vicyu.net) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
@ -2,66 +2,75 @@
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
**采用小企鹅不管是对于小企业还是大企业而言，都是一个明智的选择。Linux曾经被认为是业余爱好者的操作系统，但是经历了很长一段历程后，现在它成了企业级系统。它很稳定，而且很安全。Linux易于定制，而且有庞大的社区提供帮助。这只是迁移到Linux桌面的部分理由。**
|
||||
|
||||
迁移到一个不同的系统，从来都不是件容易的事。开着窗户（Windows），或不品味苹果（MacIntosh）可能是个令人沮丧且代价高昂的体验。花钱升级新的硬件来赶上高贵的新软件时髦，这往往是毫无价值的做法。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
在家里或一个小型的办公环境中运行一个Linux发行版，这是个卓有成效的努力，它可以带来开支的节约和效率的提升。对于企业环境而言，采用Linux服务器系统来取代追赶微软基础架构常常是个明智的商业选择。
|
||||
迁移到一个不同的系统，从来都不是件容易的事。继续开着窗户（Windows），或吃着苹果（MacIntosh）可能是个令人沮丧且代价高昂的体验。花钱升级新的硬件来赶上高贵的新软件时髦，这往往是毫无价值的做法。
|
||||
|
||||
然而，放弃熟悉操作系统下的舒适环境的过程看起来比实际更具挑战性。个人用户和中小型企业可以分阶段迁移到Linux桌面。软件是免费的，而用户也已经有了合适的可以支撑两个平台的硬件。
|
||||
在家里或一个小型的办公环境中运行一个Linux发行版，这是个有益的尝试，它可以带来开支的节约和效率的提升。对于企业环境而言，采用Linux服务器系统来替代微软基础架构常常是个明智的商业选择。
|
||||
|
||||
然而，放弃熟悉操作系统下的舒适环境的过程看起来比实际更具挑战性。个人用户和中小型企业可以分阶段迁移到Linux桌面。软件是免费的，而用户已有的硬件是可以支持Window和Linux架构的。
|
||||
|
||||
许多更大型的企业已经跑起了它们自己的Linux服务器仓库和完整的Linux桌面应用，这里它更容易适应。基于云的软件的使用使得办公室人员在使用他们的工作站工作时意识不到有很大的改变。
|
||||
|
||||
“是否迁移到Linux取决于使用情况。如果在家里使用，或者从事开发，那么你会想使用Linux中所有可用的功能。那是没脑子的想法。迁移到另外一个操作系统从来没有一帆风顺的。没有哪种使用情况可以适合所有场合，它取决于用户基础。“麦克 瓦伊塔尔，[Talkpoint][1]首席技术官，告诉Linux圈内人。
|
||||
“是否迁移到Linux取决于使用情况。如果在家里使用，或者从事开发，那么你会想使用Linux中所有可用的功能。那是没脑子的想法。迁移到另外一个操作系统从来没有一帆风顺的。没有哪种使用情况可以适合所有场合，它取决于用户基础。“麦克 瓦伊塔尔，[Talkpoint][1]首席技术官，告诉LinuxInsider。
|
||||
|
||||
在中小型企业中和企业客户一起工作，瓦伊塔尔发现，利用新技术的个人用户和公司领导者的数量在增长，这些新技术将他们吸引到Linux中来。
|
||||
|
||||
### 舒适度期望值 ###
|
||||
这些Linux技术之一就是Chrome OS,还有现在由基于Linux的Chrome浏览器操作系统驱动的廉价笔记本。
|
||||
|
||||
由于用户已经熟悉Google的Chrome浏览器，或这开源的Chronium浏览器项目，使用Chromebook或者基于云的运载系统使得迁移到Linux变得小菜一碟。
|
||||
这些Linux技术之一就是Chrome OS，还有现在由基于Linux的Chrome操作系统驱动的廉价笔记本。
|
||||
|
||||
“忽略使用的操作系统，其中一个问题是浏览器的能力。我们已经发现，用户85%的时间花在浏览器中“托马斯 邓，[Splashtop][2的共同创立者及产品管理高级副总裁，告诉Linux圈内人。
|
||||
由于用户已经熟悉Google的Chrome浏览器，或者开源的Chronium浏览器项目，使用Chromebook或者基于云的运载系统使得迁移到Linux变得小菜一碟。
|
||||
|
||||
“忽略使用的操作系统，其中一个问题是浏览器的能力。我们已经发现，用户85%的时间花在浏览器中”[Splashtop][2]的共同创立者及产品管理高级副总裁托马斯.邓这样对LinuxInsider说。
|
||||
|
||||
邓发现，那些有着快速学习曲线、能适应较新技术的人对此越来越有兴趣。人们使用多种多样的产品。因此迁移到一个与他们在其它设备上使用过的系统类似的系统，会使得迁移更平稳。
|
||||
|
||||
### Chrome迎合潮流 ###
|
||||
|
||||
移动设备用户，不管是在家中还是工作中，越来越精通Linux，而他们根本不知道这是个什么系统。他们在几个操作系统间切换。伴随着熟练程度的提高，开源环境也越发让人感觉舒适。通过云平台来分发跨平台软件，这是一个附加的迁移措施。
|
||||
|
||||
“Google正在做的是与办公套件相关的真正有趣的事情。Google现在正在它的Chrome OS上敞开大门。“瓦伊塔尔说。
|
||||
“Google正在做的是与办公套件相关的一些真正有趣的事情。Google现在正在它的Chrome OS上敞开大门。”瓦伊塔尔说。
|
||||
|
||||
对于关闭窗户（Windows），敞开大门（Chrome OS），一个很好的例子是它的公司内部使用Chrome驱动的工具。例如，Talkpoint使用ChromeBox设备。
|
||||
|
||||
“那就为多媒体团队和传统的AV用户敞开了大门。我们看到该技术上的很多进展。“瓦伊塔尔解释说。
|
||||
“那就为多媒体团队和传统的AV用户敞开了大门。我们看到该技术上的很多进展。”瓦伊塔尔解释说。
|
||||
|
||||
### 平板打破传统 ###
|
||||
|
||||
另外一个Linux设备为迁移到桌面OS铺平道路的例子是安卓系统的流行。加上这个为智能手机和平板电脑改良的Linux发行版。
|
||||
|
||||
“对于迁移到Linux的人而言，人们对平板界面感到很舒服，尤其是在对Windows 8界面感到不满之后。我认识的每个人都试着回到Windows 7.“瓦伊塔尔说。
|
||||
“对于迁移到Linux的人而言，人们对平板界面感到很舒服，尤其是在对Windows 8界面感到不满之后。我认识的每个人都试着回到Windows 7。”瓦伊塔尔说。
|
||||
|
||||
### 云计算具有Linux影响力 ###
|
||||
|
||||
人们希望使用像MS Offcie这样熟悉的生产工具来进行文字处理。而在Windows平台上，开源产品不怎么被人熟知。因此，在开始迁移到完整的Linux桌面之前，先整合开源工具到原有平台会很有帮助。邓解释道。
|
||||
|
||||
随着Google Docs和Google Chrome浏览器的流行，Windows用户不知道开源的趋势正在发生改变。他指出。
|
||||
|
||||
““让迁移到Linux变得方便的另外一条路是迁移到云端，使用云端应用。”邓说。“对用户进行教育，是将用户迁移到Linux的最有效的方式。Chromebook正大量被采用，这是一条迁移到Linux便捷的道路。”
|
||||
“让迁移到Linux变得方便的另外一条路是迁移到云端，使用云端应用。”邓说。“对用户进行教育，是将用户迁移到Linux的最有效的方式。Chromebook正大量被采用，这是一条迁移到Linux便捷的道路。”
|
||||
|
||||
### 小企鹅威猛 ###
|
||||
聘请Tux，Linux的吉祥物小企鹅，对于小企业和大企业来说都是明智的选择。它是一个成熟、稳定而又灵活的操作系统，绝对可以帮你干活。据肖恩 塞乐，[视觉解决方案][3]高级产品经理说。
|
||||
|
||||
“对于小型商业公司，运行Linux来替代其它操作系统是令人信服的选择，而且也带来优势，当然这取决于你的公司的需求。“塞乐告诉Linux圈内人。
|
||||
聘请Tux，Linux的吉祥物小企鹅，对于小企业和大企业来说都是明智的选择。它是一个成熟、稳定而又灵活的操作系统，绝对可以帮你干活。据肖恩.塞乐，[视觉解决方案][3]高级产品经理说。
|
||||
|
||||
它曾经被认为是是业余爱好者的操作系统，但是经历了很长一段历程后，现在它成了企业级系统。它很稳定，而且很安全。Linux易于定制，而且有庞大的社区提供帮助。这只是迁移到Linux桌面的部分理由。
|
||||
“对于小型商业公司，运行Linux来替代其它操作系统是令人信服的选择，而且也带来优势，当然这取决于你的公司的需求。”塞乐告诉LinuxInsider。
|
||||
|
||||
它曾经被认为是业余爱好者的操作系统，但是经历了很长一段历程后，现在它成了企业级系统。它很稳定，而且很安全。Linux易于定制，而且有庞大的社区提供帮助。这只是迁移到Linux桌面的部分理由。
|
||||
|
||||
### 商业加分 ###
|
||||
利用更多的社区支持模型可以节约成本，塞乐说。Linux可以获得免费的社区支持，也可以付费订阅完整的技术支持。一些Linux版本也有硬件和软件认证这些东西，这些对于某些工作环境是很重要的。
|
||||
|
||||
例如，小型商业公司和大型企业可以可以完整地运行像CentOS或者OpenSuse这样的发行版，或者也可以从[Red Hat][4]或者Suse来整合付费的版本。即便是一个完整的订阅模型，Linux也比Windows或者传统的Unix提供了更低的总拥有成本，以及更好的投资回报，塞乐解释道。
|
||||
利用更多的社区支持模式可以节约成本，塞乐说。Linux可以获得免费的社区支持，也可以付费订阅完整的技术支持。一些Linux版本也有硬件和软件认证这些东西，这些对于某些工作环境是很重要的。
|
||||
|
||||
“我相信，让小型企业来切身体验一下Linux很有意义。”塞乐补充道。“由于在社区以及像IBM和Red Hat这样的公司的帮助下，开源软件总体上正以快速的步伐帮助推动革新，Linux有一个光明的前途。“
|
||||
例如，小型商业公司和大型企业可以完整地免费运行像CentOS或者OpenSuse这样的发行版，或者也可以从[Red Hat][4]或者Suse来整合付费的版本。即便是一个完整的订阅服务，Linux也比Windows或者传统的Unix提供了更低的总拥有成本，以及更好的投资回报，塞乐解释道。
|
||||
|
||||
“我相信，让小型企业来切身体验一下Linux很有意义。”塞乐补充道，“由于在社区以及像IBM和Red Hat这样的公司的帮助下，开源软件总体上正以快速的步伐帮助推动革新，Linux有一个光明的前途。”
|
||||
|
||||
### 小心爽一把 ###
|
||||
操作系统会家庭和工作地内部有不同的忠实用户。就拿BDNA的CTO沃克 怀特来说吧。他在家里使用Linux作为桌面操作系统，但是他的家人却对他热衷的东西并不买账。
|
||||
|
||||
“我的家人用Mac gear。他们盲目追随市场营销和功能炒作，而根本不考虑性能之类的东西。我在家里进行一个人的圣战，试着策反更多的人来加入Linux阵营。”怀特告诉Linux圈内人。
|
||||
操作系统在家庭和工作场所有不同的忠实用户。就拿BDNA的CTO沃克.怀特来说吧。他在家里使用Linux作为桌面操作系统，但是他的家人却对他热衷的东西并不买账。
|
||||
|
||||
“我的家人用Mac之类的。他们盲目追随市场营销和功能炒作，而根本不考虑性能之类的东西。我在家里进行一个人的圣战，试着策反更多的人来加入Linux阵营。”怀特告诉LinuxInsider。
|
||||
|
||||
在他的公司里有类似的死忠派在奋斗，他说道，他公司里Linux桌面使用并不普遍 —— 但他们为Linux在工作中更广泛地部署打下了基础。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -70,13 +79,15 @@ BDNA在内部使用Google应用很多。公司也在把越来越多的东西迁
|
||||
“当我切换到想OpenOffice这样的应用时，该操作必须真正实现无缝操作以捕获更多人的心。从纯市场角度看，开发者需要稍稍改变一下游戏规则。苹果赢得了年轻孩子和30岁年轻一代的心。我经常在我公司听到这样的想法。”他说。
|
||||
|
||||
### 小企鹅对战苹果 ###
|
||||
请求新设备是高端的MacBook Pro的特点，怀特解释道。尽管他们主要使用的工具是在线工具，BDNA的工人还是想要华而不实的，高度宣传的硬件。
|
||||
|
||||
增加新的硬件设备是高端的MacBook Pro的特点，怀特解释道。尽管他们主要使用的工具是在线工具，BDNA的职员还是想要华而不实的，高度宣传的硬件。
|
||||
|
||||
为了打破这种观念，他不得不将操作系统和硬件的功能分离。战役的一部分是将用户与操作系统本身隔离。而这只有在企业同时有在线和离线的生产力应用程序才会发生，据怀特说。
|
||||
|
||||
“即使是使用文件管理器这样简单的事情也需要将注意力放在操作系统允许我们在我们使用的应用里头做什么，而不是操作系统本身。”他说。
|
||||
“即使是使用文件管理器这样简单的事情，也应该将注意力放在操作系统允许我们在我们使用的应用里头做什么，而不是操作系统本身。”他说。
|
||||
|
||||
### 爽到极点 ###
|
||||
|
||||
操作系统多大程度上控制计算机用户？这个问题对于迁移到Linux而言很关键，怀特说。
|
||||
|
||||
想想Chromebook以及安卓手机和平板的不断成功，消费者真的需要知道他们正在运行Linux么？
|
||||
@ -86,9 +97,10 @@ BDNA在内部使用Google应用很多。公司也在把越来越多的东西迁
|
||||
你是否启用家庭消费者层面的设置，或是转向家庭或小企业用户设置，重点在于用户可以兼容他们使用的工具和功能。这里头包括像共享和创建文档，以及与之相关的事情，他说明道。
|
||||
|
||||
### 迁移措施 ###
|
||||
|
||||
对于市场而言，软件和硬件生产商需要减少对操作系统的关注。例如，Chromebook正以苹果销售MacBook类似的方式获得大众认可。Google与其说是在贩卖Linux操作系统，倒不如说它是在销售应用，怀特回答道。
|
||||
|
||||
“开发者真正需要做的是改变工作重点，让用户和Linux相处融洽，而不是停留在使用非Windows，或者非Mac操作系统的踌躇上。不管你用什么，必须可以让它做你想让它做的事。像Chromebook这样的事物正是秉承了这样的观点，将Linux操作系统本身掩盖了起来。”他指出。
|
||||
“开发者真正需要做的是改变工作重点，让用户和Linux相处融洽，而不是让他们停留在使用非Windows，或者非Mac操作系统的踌躇上。不管你用什么，必须可以让它做你想让它做的事。像Chromebook这样的事物正是秉承了这样的观点，将Linux操作系统本身掩盖了起来。”他指出。
|
||||
|
||||
计算机生产商必须首先开始打破“它是Windows”或者“它是Mac”这样的模式。到那个时候，迁移到Linux的数量才会大幅攀升，怀特总结道。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -98,7 +110,7 @@ BDNA在内部使用Google应用很多。公司也在把越来越多的东西迁
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.linuxinsider.com/story/80415.html
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
|
||||
OpenELEC 4.0.4 Now Out, Is Based on XBMC 13.1 “Gotham”
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**OpenELEC 4.0.4, an embedded operating system built specifically to run XBMC, the open source entertainment media hub, is out and uses XBMC 13.1 as a base.**
|
||||
|
||||
The OpenELEC makers are following the XBMC development cycle very closely and they have released a new version of their distribution, 4.0.4. It comes packed with all the goodies from XBMC 13.1 “Gotham” and the devs have made some changes of their own.
|
||||
|
||||
“This release includes some bugfixes, security fixes and improvements since OpenELEC-4.0.3. Besides the usual bugfixes and package updates we updated XBMC with the last fixes to XBMC 13.1 (final) which contains a lot of fixes for issues found after the XBMC-13.0 release (some of them we already shipped with OpenELEC-4.0.0).”
|
||||
|
||||
“We found and fixed with the help of ‘popcornmix’ some RaspberryPi related issues in kernel, firmware and XBMC code. Many thanks to him for the help! OpenELEC-4.0.4 is now the next stable release, which is a bugfix and securityfix release of the OpenELEC-4.0 series,” said the developers on the official website.
|
||||
|
||||
OpenELEC 4.0.3 features some pretty interesting updates and fixes. For example, e2fsprogs has been updated to version 1.42.10, bluez has been updated to version 5.19, fontconfig is now at version 2.11.1, systemd 213 has been integrated by default, gnutls 3.2.12 has been added to fix some security problems, and a new Linux kernel, 3.14.5, has been implemented.
|
||||
|
||||
Also, the DVB-T2 support for GeniaTech T220 / August T210 devices has been fixed, support has been added to disable WOL for broken drivers, “e1000e” has been added as broken driver, and the RPi support patch has been updated.
|
||||
|
||||
If you already have an older version of OpenELEC, you might consider upgrading the system instead of installing it from scratch. This can be done safely if the OS is at least at version 3.2.
|
||||
|
||||
If you try to update from an older version of the operating system you might find that some of the plugins and add-ons are no longer working. It's also advisable to back up the system before attempting an upgrade.
|
||||
|
||||
XBMC 13.1 “Gotham,” the distribution used as a base, comes with Android hardware decoding, various Raspberry Pi and Android speed improvements, stereoscopic 3D Rendering, better touchscreen support, improved UPnP capabilities, lots of audio engine improvements, better subtitle searches, extended Python and JSON-RPC API for developers, FFmpeg 1.2, and much more.
|
||||
|
||||
Check out the official [announcement][1] for a complete list of changes and improvements.
|
||||
|
||||
### Download the latest OpenELEC 4.0.4: ###
|
||||
|
||||
- [OpenELEC 4.0.4 (tar.bz2) 64-bit][2][binary] [145 MB]
|
||||
- [OpenELEC 4.0.4 (tar.bz2) 32-bit][3][binary] [142 MB]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/OpenELEC-4-0-4-Is-Out-and-Based-on-XBMC-13-1-quot-Gotham-quot-445802.shtml
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://openelec.tv/news/22-releases/129-openelec-4-0-4-released
|
||||
[2]:http://openelec.tv/get-openelec/download/viewdownload/8/339
|
||||
[3]:http://openelec.tv/get-openelec/download/viewdownload/8/338
|
||||
@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
|
||||
Translating by GOLinux ...
|
||||
IPFire 2.13 Core 78 Linux Firewall OS Receives OpenSSL Fixes
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
@ -29,4 +30,4 @@ via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/IPFire-2-13-Core-78-Linux-Firewall-OS-Receiv
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.ipfire.org/news/ipfire-2-15-core-update-78-released
|
||||
[2]:http://downloads.ipfire.org/releases/ipfire-2.x/2.15-core78/ipfire-2.15.i586-full-core78.iso
|
||||
[3]:http://www.rowie.at/ipfire/iso/ipfire-3.0-alpha1.i686.iso
|
||||
[3]:http://www.rowie.at/ipfire/iso/ipfire-3.0-alpha1.i686.iso
|
||||
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
|
||||
7 Improvements The Linux Desktop Needs
|
||||
======================================
|
||||
|
||||
In the last fifteen years, the Linux desktop has gone from a collection of marginally adequate solutions to an unparalleled source of innovation and choice. Many of its standard features are either unavailable in Windows, or else available only as a proprietary extension. As a result, using Linux is increasingly not only a matter of principle, but of preference as well.
|
||||
|
||||
Yet, despite this progress, gaps remain. Some are missing features, others missing features, and still others pie-in-the sky extras that could be easily implemented to extend the desktop metaphor without straining users' tolerance of change.
|
||||
|
||||
For instance, here are 7 improvements that would benefit the Linux desktop:
|
||||
|
||||
### 7. Easy Email Encryption
|
||||
|
||||
These days, every email reader from Alpine to Thunderbird and Kmail include email encryption. However, documentation is often either non-existent or poor.
|
||||
|
||||
But, even if you understand the theory, the practice is difficult. Controls are generally scattered throughout the configuration menus and tabs, requiring a thorough search for all the settings that you require or want. Should you fail to set up encryption properly, usually you receive no feedback about why.
|
||||
|
||||
The closest to an easy process is [Enigmail][1], a Thunderbird extension that includes a setup wizard aimed at beginners. But you have to know about Enigmail to use it, and the menu it adds to the composition window buries the encryption option one level down and places it with other options guaranteed to mystify everyday users.
|
||||
|
||||
No matter what the desktop, the assumption is that, if you want encrypted email, you already understand it. Today, though, the constant media references to security and privacy have ensured that such an assumption no longer applies.
|
||||
|
||||
### 6. Thumbnails for Virtual Workspaces
|
||||
|
||||
Virtual workspaces offer more desktop space without requiring additional monitors. Yet, despite their usefulness, management of virtual workspaces hasn't changed in over a decade. On most desktops, you control them through a pager in which each workspace is represented by an unadorned rectangle that gives few indications of what might be on it except for its name or number -- or, in the case of Ubuntu's Unity, which workspace is currently active.
|
||||
|
||||
True, GNOME and Cinnamon do offer better views, but the usefulness of these views is limited by the fact that they require a change of screens. Nor is KDE's written list of contents, which is jarring in the primarily graphic-oriented desktop.
|
||||
|
||||
A less distracting solution might be mouseover thumbnails large enough for those with normal vision to see exactly what is on each workspace.
|
||||
|
||||
### 5. A Workable Menu
|
||||
|
||||
The modern desktop long ago outgrew the classic menu with its sub-menus cascading across the screen. Today, the average computer simply has too many applications to fit comfortably into such a format.
|
||||
|
||||
The trouble is, neither of the major alternatives is as convenient as the classic menu. Confining the menu into a single window is less than ideal, because you either have to endure truncated sub-menus or else continually resize the window with the mouse.
|
||||
|
||||
Yet the alternative of a full-screen menu is even worse. It means changing screens before you even begin to work, and relying on a search field that is only useful if you already know what applications are available -- in which case you are almost better off launching from the command line.
|
||||
|
||||
Frankly, I don't know what the solution might be. Maybe spinner racks, like those in OS X? All I can say for certain is that all alternatives for a modern menu make a carefully constructed set of icons on the desktop seem a more reasonable alternative.
|
||||
|
||||
### 4. A Professional, Affordable Video Editor
|
||||
|
||||
Over the years, Linux has slowly filled the gaps in productivity software. However, one category in which it is still lacking is in reasonably priced software for editing videos.
|
||||
|
||||
The problem is not that such free software is non-existent. After all, [Maya][2] is one of the industry standards for animation. The problem is that the software costs several thousand dollars.
|
||||
|
||||
At the opposite end of the spectrum are apps like Pitivi or Blender, whose functionality -- despite brave efforts by their developers -- remain basic. Progress happens, but far more slowly than anyone hopes for.
|
||||
|
||||
Although I have heard of indie directors using native Linux video editors, the reason I have heard of their efforts is usually because of their complaints. Others prefer to minimize the struggle and edit on other operating systems instead.
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. A Document Processor
|
||||
|
||||
At one extreme are users whose need for word processing is satisfied by Google Docs. At the other extreme are layout experts for whom Scribus is the only feasible app.
|
||||
|
||||
In-between are those like publishers and technical writers who produce long, text-oriented documents. This category of users is served by [Adobe FrameMaker][3] on Windows, and to some extent by LibreOffice Writer on Linux.
|
||||
|
||||
Unfortunately, these users are apparently not a priority in LibreOffice, Calligra Words, AbiWord, or any other office suite. Features that would provide for these users include:
|
||||
|
||||
- separate bibliographic databases for each file
|
||||
- tables that are treated like styles in the same way that paragraphs and characters are
|
||||
- page styles with persistent content other than headers or footers that would appear each time the style is used
|
||||
- storable formats for cross-references, so that the structure doesn't need to be recreated manually each time that it is needed
|
||||
|
||||
Whether LibreOffice or another application provides these features is irrelevant comparing to whether they are available. Without them, the Linux desktop is an imperfect place for a large class of potential users.
|
||||
2. Color-Coded Title Bars
|
||||
|
||||
Browser extensions have taught me how useful color coded tabs can be for workspaces. The titles of open tabs disappear when more than eight or nine or open, so the color is often the quickest visual guide to the relation between tabs.
|
||||
|
||||
The same system could be just as useful on the desktop. Better yet, the color coding might be preserved between sessions, allowing users to open all the apps needed for a specific task at the same time. So far, I know of no desktop with such a feature.
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. Icon Fences
|
||||
|
||||
For years, Stardock Systems has been selling a Windows extension called [Fences][4], which lets icons be grouped. You can name each group and move the icons in it together. In addition, you can assign which fence different types of files are automatically added to, and hide and arrange fences as needed.
|
||||
|
||||
In other words, fences automate the sort of arrangements that users make on their desktop all the time. Yet aside from one or two minor functions they share with KDE's Folder Views, fences remain completely unknown on Linux desktops. Perhaps the reason is that designers are focused on mobile devices as the source of ideas, and fences are decidedly a feature of the traditional workstation desktop.
|
||||
|
||||
### Personalized Lists
|
||||
|
||||
As I made this list, what struck me was how few of the improvements were general. Several of these improvement would appeal largely to specific audiences, and only one even implies the porting of a proprietary application. At least one is cosmetic rather than functional.
|
||||
|
||||
What this observation suggests is that, for the general user, Linux has very little left to add. As an all-purpose desktop, Linux arrive some years ago, and has been diversifying ever since, until today users can choose from over half a dozen major desktops.
|
||||
|
||||
None of that means, of course, that specialists wouldn't have other suggestions. In addition, changing needs can make improvements desirable that nobody once cared about. But it does mean that many items on a list of desirable improvements will be highly personal.
|
||||
|
||||
All of which raises the question: what other improvements do you think would benefit the desktop?
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.datamation.com/open-source/7-improvements-the-linux-desktop-needs-1.html
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/thunderbird/addon/enigmail/
|
||||
[2]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autodesk_Maya
|
||||
[3]:http://www.adobe.com/products/framemaker.html
|
||||
[4]:http://www.stardock.com/products/fences/
|
||||
@ -1,107 +0,0 @@
|
||||
How to use Linux lsblk Command to List Block Device Information
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
The command **lsblk** (list block devices) is used to list information about all available block devices, however, **it does not list information about RAM disks**. Examples of block devices are hard disk, flash drives, CD-ROM e.t.c
|
||||
|
||||
### How To Install lsblk ###
|
||||
|
||||
The command lsblk comes in the package util-linux-ng, now renamed util-linux. The package comes with several other utilities such as dmesg. To install lsblk download util-linux [here][1].
|
||||
|
||||
### How To Install lsblk In Fedora ###
|
||||
|
||||
Fedora users can install the package as follows:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo yum install util-linux-ng
|
||||
|
||||
The command has several options:
|
||||
|
||||
### The Default Option ###
|
||||
|
||||
The command lsblk by default will list all block devices in a tree-like format. Open your terminal and type the command as follows:
|
||||
|
||||
$ lsblk
|
||||
|
||||
The output is as follows:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
There are seven columns namely:
|
||||
|
||||
**NAME** : This is the device name.
|
||||
|
||||
**MAJ:MIN** : This column shows the major and minor device number.
|
||||
|
||||
**RM** : This column shows whether the device is removable or not. Note in this example the device sdb and sr0 have their RM values equals to 1 indicating they are removable.
|
||||
|
||||
**SIZE** : This is column give information on the size of the device. For example 298.1G indicate the device is 298.1GB and 1K indicate the device size is 1KB.
|
||||
|
||||
**RO** : This indicates whether a device is read-only. In this case all devices have a RO=0, indicating they are not read only.
|
||||
|
||||
**TYPE** :This column shows information whether the block device is a disk or a partition(part) within a disk. In this example sda and sdb are disks while sr0 is a read only memory (rom).
|
||||
|
||||
**MOUNTPOINT** : This column indicates mount point on which the device is mounted.
|
||||
|
||||
### List All Devices ###
|
||||
|
||||
The default option does not list all empty devices. To view these also use the command as follows:
|
||||
|
||||
$ lsblk -a
|
||||
|
||||
This option will list all devices including empty ones.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### List Device Permissions and Owner ###
|
||||
|
||||
The command lsblk can also be used to list the ownership of a particular device as well as the group the mode. This can be achieved as follows:
|
||||
|
||||
$ lsblk -m
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### List Specific Devices ###
|
||||
|
||||
It is possible also to get information about a specific device only. This can be achieved by specifying the device name after the option supplied to lsblk. For example you would be interested to know your hard drive size in bytes. You can accomplish this by running the command as follows:
|
||||
|
||||
$ lsblk -b /dev/sda
|
||||
|
||||
or if you prefer:
|
||||
|
||||
$ lsblk --bytes /dev/sda
|
||||
|
||||
### List Devices Without Header in List Form ###
|
||||
|
||||
You can also combine several options to get a specific output. For example you might want to list the devices in a list format instead of the default tree format. You may also be interested in removing the header with the name of the different columns. The two different options can be combined to achieve the desired output as follows:
|
||||
|
||||
$ lsblk -nl
|
||||
|
||||
or still you can use the option which will give the same output.
|
||||
|
||||
$ lsblk --noheadings --list
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### List SCSI Devices ###
|
||||
|
||||
To get a list of SCSI devices only you can use the option -S. This option is capital S and it should not be confused with the option -s which prints dependencies in inverse order.
|
||||
|
||||
$ lsblk -S
|
||||
|
||||
lsblk SCSI devices On the contrary the inverse option will give output as follows: Type the command:
|
||||
|
||||
$ lsblk -s
|
||||
|
||||
or
|
||||
|
||||
$ lsblk --inverse
|
||||
|
||||
lsblk inverse You can use lsblk to get more information about your block devices, try it out today!
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://linoxide.com/linux-command/linux-lsblk-command/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/
|
||||
@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
|
||||
（翻译中 by runningwater）
|
||||
Make Ubuntu 14.04 Look Like Mac With Zukimac Theme
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ Honestly, I am an avid Ubuntu fan and I like Ubuntu’s default Unity looks. In
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-1404-mac-zukimac-theme/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者：[runningwater](https://github.com/runningwater) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
|
||||
20 things to do after installing Linux Mint 17 Qiana Cinnamon
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
### Linux Mint 17 Qiana Cinnamon ###
|
||||
|
||||
Linux Mint 17 has been [released][1] and is named Qiana. Mint is one of the best linux distros that targets desktop users with focus on usability and simplicity. It comes in various flavors with different desktop environments like Mate and Cinnamon and different base distros like Ubuntu or Debian.
|
||||
|
||||
In this post we are playing with the cinnamon edition of Linux Mint 17. More information about the Cinnamon edition (including download links) can be found at - [http://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=2626][2]
|
||||
Download the correct iso (32bit or 64bit) for your system, burn to a dvd or write to a usb drive and boot in. Once you install completes, its time to charge up the system with some tweaks and essential apps to get the best performance and experience.
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. Update the system ###
|
||||
|
||||
The first thing to do always is to make the system up-to-date. Run the following commands in a terminal.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get update
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get upgrade
|
||||
|
||||
Or use the Update Manager (mintUpdate) that can be found in Menu > Administration.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. Get old wallpapers ###
|
||||
|
||||
Every release of Linux Mint comes with a new set of nice wallpapers. But you can also install wallpapers from the previous versions.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install mint-backgrounds-*
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. Get more browsers ###
|
||||
|
||||
Linux Mint 17 has firefox installed by default. You can get more browsers like Chromium and Google Chrome.
|
||||
|
||||
The chromium browser is available in the repositories.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install chromium-browser
|
||||
|
||||
For Google Chrome visit google.com/chrome and download the deb files and install them using gdebi.
|
||||
Or run the following commands
|
||||
|
||||
# 64 bit
|
||||
$ wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb
|
||||
$ sudo gdebi google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb
|
||||
|
||||
# 32 bit
|
||||
$ wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_i386.deb
|
||||
$ sudo gdebi google-chrome-stable_current_i386.deb
|
||||
|
||||
### 4. Install Flash Player ###
|
||||
|
||||
The adobe flash plugin package (adobe-flashplugin) is installed by default on Mint so should be able to play flash games and videos inside Firefox.
|
||||
|
||||
Google Chrome now uses the Pepper API based flash player which comes inbuilt with it, so you don't need to do anything for Chrome either.
|
||||
|
||||
For Chromium however, the Pepper based flash player is not included (being a non-free component) and has to be installed manually.
|
||||
|
||||
Install the following package to install the pepper flash player for Chromium. It will download the pepper flash player from Google Chrome browser and put it inside Chromium.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install pepperflashplugin-nonfree
|
||||
|
||||
The above command should setup the flash player in Chromium. Incase it fails to download, redo the process with the following command
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo dpkg-reconfigure pepperflashplugin-nonfree
|
||||
|
||||
### 5. Install multimedia codecs ###
|
||||
|
||||
The restricted extras package would install most of the essential codecs for playing formats like mp3. It would also install the microsoft fonts.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras
|
||||
|
||||
To enable playback of encrypted dvds, install the following package.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install libdvdread4
|
||||
$ sudo /usr/share/doc/libdvdread4/install-css.sh
|
||||
|
||||
### 6. Install proprietory drivers ###
|
||||
|
||||
If you are having an nvidia or ati graphics card or broadcom wireless card, then install the proprietory drivers provided by the vendor. These drivers would get you the best hardware performance.
|
||||
|
||||
For installing nvidia drivers you can follow the previous post here
|
||||
|
||||
How to install the latest Nvidia drivers on Linux Mint
|
||||
|
||||
### 7. Install Dropbox ###
|
||||
|
||||
Linux mint repository already has the package for dropbox client, so you need not go elsewhere.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install dropbox python-gpgme
|
||||
|
||||
If you still prefer to download dropbox from the official website then head straigh to [https://www.dropbox.com/install?os=lnx][4] and follow the instructions and download the deb installers for Ubuntu.
|
||||
|
||||
Copy is another cloud storage solution that has a native Linux client. Check it out at [copy.com][5]. It also has a [ppa repository][6].
|
||||
|
||||
### 8. Skype ###
|
||||
|
||||
Skype is available in the Ubuntu canonical partner repositories.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install skype
|
||||
|
||||
### 9. Install rar and other archiving utilities ###
|
||||
|
||||
To be able to create rar archives from the context menu in file managers like Nemo, install the rar utility. Along with rar, install a few more packages to add support for other archive formats.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install unace p7zip-rar sharutils rar arj lunzip lzip
|
||||
|
||||
### 10. Install a clipboard manager ###
|
||||
|
||||
Clipboard managers allow you to maintain and access history of items that you copied in the past using Ctrl+C for example. There are many clipboard managers for gnome like diodon, clipit, glipper, parcellite.
|
||||
|
||||
Diodon seemd to have some issues on the cinnamon desktop, that scrollers would appear as the history list grows. Clipit and Glipper worked very well. You can install either
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install glipper
|
||||
# or
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install clipit
|
||||
|
||||
Then launch them from the Application menu and they should start everytime you login.
|
||||
|
||||
### 11. Tweak the desktop ###
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1. Fix the date format on the system tray ####
|
||||
|
||||
The time applet at the bottom right shows only the time. It can be made to show the date as well. Right click the date-time applet on the bottom right and click Configure
|
||||
|
||||
Check the box labelled "Use a custom date format" and fill in
|
||||
|
||||
%B %e, %I:%M %p
|
||||
|
||||
This would show the month name, date and time in 12 hour format with AM/PM
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2. Install Themes, Extensions, Applets, Desklets ####
|
||||
|
||||
Get some goodies for your desktop. You have desklets for the desktop area, applets for the panel, extensions for desktop effects and themes for the desktop design.
|
||||
|
||||
Go to system settings, click on the specific icon and you would see a list to select from. Click the "Get more online" tab to download more such goodies.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3. Change Firefox search engine ####
|
||||
|
||||
You might notice that Firefox has the Yahoo search engine selected by default and the search engine list does not have Google in it. Click "Manage Search Engines" > Get more search engines. It will take you to [http://www.linuxmint.com/searchengines.php][7].
|
||||
|
||||
Scroll down to the section of commercial search engines and find the Google logo and click on it. Once you are on the next page, click on the search engine list again and this time you would see an option "Add Google". Click on it and Google search engine would be available.
|
||||
|
||||
### 12. Optimise font rendering ###
|
||||
|
||||
Linux mint uses the Dejavu Sans fonts by default, which look very ordinary. You can get far more good looking fonts using the Droid and Noto fonts. Following our previous tutorial for step by step instructions on how to do it.
|
||||
|
||||
[How to get gorgeous looking fonts on Linux Mint][8]
|
||||
|
||||
### 13. Guake dropdown terminal ###
|
||||
|
||||
Dropdown terminals allow you to access terminals at the press of a single key. Guake is one such dropdown terminal for gtk based desktops. Dropdown terminals show/hide upon request and keep running so you do not need to open the terminal from the menu or launcher.
|
||||
This is a must have tool for terminal addicts
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install guake
|
||||
|
||||
Guake needs to be configured to start everytime on Logon. First find out the path to the guake command.
|
||||
|
||||
$ which guake
|
||||
/usr/bin/guake
|
||||
|
||||
Now add it to the list of startup applications. Go to system settings > startup programs and click Add. Fill the dialog
|
||||
|
||||
> Name - Guake dropdown terminal
|
||||
> Command - /usr/bin/guake
|
||||
|
||||
Click Add. Now Guake is in the list of running applications and would start automatically everytime.
|
||||
|
||||
### 14. Uget download manager ###
|
||||
|
||||
Uget is a simple and robust cross platform download manager and works very well on Linux. It lacks the ability to download files in multiple parts, but is still a very stable download manager.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install uget
|
||||
|
||||
### 15. Deluge BitTorrent client ###
|
||||
|
||||
Linux Mint comes with Transmission which is a simple and efficient torrent client. If you are looking for a more featureful torrent client, than you can try out the deluge or vuze (formerly azureus), or qbittorrent.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install deluge-torrent
|
||||
|
||||
### 16. Hardinfo - System information tool ###
|
||||
|
||||
Hardinfo is a very convenient gui tool that reports a whole lot of information about various hardware parts on your system. You can check information about processor, memory, storage device, network configuration, printers, usb devices, sound/video adapters etc all in one place. It also has features to test and measure the performance of your system
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install hardinfo
|
||||
|
||||
17. Install MATE desktop environment
|
||||
|
||||
Apart from Cinnamon the other popular desktop environment that comes with Linux Mint is the MATE (Maatay) desktop. Install it if you want to try it.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install mint-meta-mate
|
||||
|
||||
Now you can select the MATE session at the login screen.
|
||||
|
||||
### 18. Make other partitions writable ###
|
||||
|
||||
If you have other ext partitions, to store and backup files for example, then you need to make them writable to avoid using root privileges every time.
|
||||
|
||||
First open the partition mount directory in a file manager using gksudo.
|
||||
|
||||
$ gksudo nemo
|
||||
|
||||
Navigate to the partition directory. Right click and go to Properties > Permissions tab
|
||||
|
||||
Give "Folder access" - create and delete files to owner, group and others
|
||||
Give "File access - read and write to owner, group and others.
|
||||
|
||||
For Ntfs partitions you do not need to do this.
|
||||
|
||||
### 19. Install Conky ###
|
||||
|
||||
Conky is a lightweight system monitor that displays statistics about various system resources like cpu, memory, network etc on the desktop using graphical widgets. Its not a necessary thing, but gets you some eye candy for the desktop.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-add-repository -y ppa:teejee2008/ppa
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get update
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install conky-manager
|
||||
|
||||
Launch Conky Manager from the applications menu and add widgets to the desktop. Also check the option to start Conky on system startup.
|
||||
|
||||
### 20. Install some games ###
|
||||
|
||||
Linux does have some cool games that are quite entertaining and yet free. Note that some of these games like supertuxkart and 0ad require dedicated graphics processors for optimal performance.
|
||||
|
||||
# 0ad - strategy game like age of empires
|
||||
$ aptitude search 0ad
|
||||
|
||||
# supertuxkart - car racing game
|
||||
$ aptitude search supertuxkart
|
||||
|
||||
# openarena
|
||||
$ aptitude search openarena
|
||||
|
||||
There are a lot more games in the repository that you can install. Alien arena, secret maryo chronicles, supertux, frozen bubbles etc.
|
||||
|
||||
### Cleanup ###
|
||||
|
||||
After everything, cleanup the system by removing unnecessary packages.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get autoremove
|
||||
|
||||
### Notes ###
|
||||
|
||||
#### Support for Java applets on Google Chrome/Chromium ####
|
||||
|
||||
The "icedtea-plugin" is already installed which enables firefox to play java applets.
|
||||
|
||||
However Chrome and Chromium no longer support NPAPI based plugins. So java applets would not work in those browsers till a Pepper api based java plugin is available. More information [here][9].
|
||||
|
||||
#### More applications ####
|
||||
|
||||
If you are looking for still more applications for your Mint box, then here a small list of more good apps. All of them can be installed from Software Manager.
|
||||
|
||||
Opera - Web browser
|
||||
Gnome Encfs Manager - Manager files and folders encrypted with Encfs
|
||||
Smplayer - Multimedia player
|
||||
Rhythmbox, Clementine - Music players
|
||||
Openshot, Kdenlive - Video editor
|
||||
Audacity - Audio editor
|
||||
Inkscape - Graphics and image editing
|
||||
Gparted - Partition editor
|
||||
Gufw - Firewall configuration tool
|
||||
qBittorrent, Vuze - Torrent clients
|
||||
Gwenview - Image viewing
|
||||
Team viewer - remote desktop
|
||||
Tv-maxe - view tv channels
|
||||
Grub Customizer - Modify GRUB boot menu settings
|
||||
Linrunner TLP - Power management tool. Useful to save power on laptops
|
||||
Virtualbox - Virtualization
|
||||
Kazam, recordMyDesktop - Desktop recording/screencasting
|
||||
Bleachbit - Free disk space by deleting old/temporary files.
|
||||
Cheese - Take pictures using webcam
|
||||
Shutter - Screenshot tool with loads of features
|
||||
|
||||
So grab your favorite ones and enjoy Linux Mint !!
|
||||
|
||||
### Resources ###
|
||||
|
||||
Download latest Linux Mint
|
||||
[http://www.linuxmint.com/download.php][10]
|
||||
|
||||
Community Tutorials
|
||||
[http://community.linuxmint.com/tutorial][11]
|
||||
|
||||
Linux Mint forums
|
||||
[http://forums.linuxmint.com/][12]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.binarytides.com/better-linux-mint-17-cinnamon/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=2626
|
||||
[2]:http://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=2626
|
||||
[3]:http://www.binarytides.com/install-nvidia-drivers-linux-mint-16/
|
||||
[4]:http://www.dropbox.com/install?os=lnx
|
||||
[5]:http://copy.com/?r=DSwtSd
|
||||
[6]:http://launchpad.net/~paolorotolo/+archive/copy
|
||||
[7]:http://www.linuxmint.com/searchengines.php
|
||||
[8]:http://www.binarytides.com/optimize-fonts-linux-mint/
|
||||
[9]:http://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/chromium-browser/+bug/1309508
|
||||
[10]:http://www.linuxmint.com/download.php
|
||||
[11]:http://community.linuxmint.com/tutorial
|
||||
[12]:http://forums.linuxmint.com/
|
||||
@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
|
||||
开源SDN项目OpenDaylight添加新成员
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
[Linux基金会][1]的[OpenDaylight][2] 项目促进开源。[软件定义网络][3] (SDN) 继续增长。 [Extreme Networks][4] (EXTR), [Flextronics][5]和[Oracle][6] (ORCL) 现在也是该项目成员了。
|
||||
|
||||
三个公司6月5日正式加入OpenDaylight，成员数达到到39。该项目还有195位合作开发人员，以建立一个开放源码的SDN平台。
|
||||
|
||||
新成员带来在数据中心和云计算的设计和基础设施的知识。Extreme Networks是专业提供高性能网络解决方案的企业，而Flextronics提供系统设计、制作和组织工作。Oracle有广泛的业务，同时专注于各种领域的云计算和数据中心。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
OpenDaylight 领导人正在庆祝项目的会员增长并进一步走向创造一个以开放标准为中心和避免垄断的SDN生态系统。OpenDaylight执行主任Jacques Neela说："更多的声音意味着更强的辩论和更好的代码，我们很高兴看到这种多样性的新成员加入来加宽探讨SDN和NFV的领域"。
|
||||
|
||||
OpenDaylight的第一款正式软件就是在2013年4月发布的OpenDaylight，该软件首次以Hydrogen的名字在二月出现
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://thevarguy.com/open-source-application-software-companies/open-source-sdn-project-opendaylight-adds-new-members
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[2q1w2007](https://github.com/2q1w2007) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://linuxfoundation.org/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.opendaylight.org/
|
||||
[3]:http://thevarguy.com/sdn
|
||||
[4]:http://www.extremenetworks.com/
|
||||
[5]:http://www.flextronics.com/
|
||||
[6]:http://oracle.com/
|
||||
[7]:http://thevarguy.com/open-source-application-software-companies/020514/embargo-until-feb-4-1130-am-est-opendaylight-releases-fir
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
|
||||
使用Linux的lsblk命令列出块设备信息
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
**lsblk**（列出块设备）命令勇于列出所有可用块设备的信息，但是，它**不列出RAM盘的信息**。块设备有硬盘，闪存盘，CD-ROM等等。
|
||||
|
||||
### 如何安装lsblk ###
|
||||
|
||||
lsblk命令包含在util-linux-ng包中，现在该包改名为util-linux。这个包带了几个其它工具，如dmesg。要安装lsblk，请在[此处][1]下载util-linux包。
|
||||
|
||||
### Fedora中安装lsblk ###
|
||||
|
||||
Fedora用户可以通过以下方法来安装该包：
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo yum install util-linux-ng
|
||||
|
||||
该命令有几个选项：
|
||||
|
||||
### 默认选项 ###
|
||||
|
||||
lsblk命令默认情况下将以树状列出所有块设备。打开终端，并输入以下命令：
|
||||
|
||||
$ lsblk
|
||||
|
||||
输出如下：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
7个栏目名称如下：
|
||||
|
||||
**NAME** : 这是块设备名。
|
||||
|
||||
**MAJ:MIN** : 本栏显示主要和次要设备号。
|
||||
|
||||
**RM** : 本栏显示设备是否可移动设备。注意，在本例中设备sdb和sr0的RM值等于1，这说明他们是可移动设备。
|
||||
|
||||
**SIZE** : 本栏列出设备的容量大小信息。例如298.1G表明该设备大小为298.1GB，而1K表明该设备大小为1KB。
|
||||
|
||||
**RO** : 该项表明设备是否为只读。在本案例中，所有设备的RO值为0，表明他们不是只读的。
|
||||
|
||||
**TYPE** :本栏显示块设备是否是磁盘或磁盘上的一个分区。在本例中，sda和sdb是磁盘，而sr0是只读存储（rom）。
|
||||
|
||||
**MOUNTPOINT** : 本栏指出设备挂载的挂载点。
|
||||
|
||||
### 列出所有设备 ###
|
||||
|
||||
默认选项不会列出所有空设备。要查看这些空设备，请使用以下命令：
|
||||
|
||||
$ lsblk -a
|
||||
|
||||
该选项将列出所有设备，包括控设备在内。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 列出设备权限和属主 ###
|
||||
|
||||
lsblk命令也可以用于列出一个特定设备的拥有关系，同时也可以列出组和模式。可以通过以下命令来获取这些信息：
|
||||
|
||||
$ lsblk -m
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 列出指定设备 ###
|
||||
|
||||
该命令也可以只获取指定设备的信息。这可以通过在提供给lsblk命令的选项后指定设备名来实现。例如，你可能对了解以字节显示你的磁盘驱动器大小比较感兴趣，那么你可以通过运行以下命令来实现：
|
||||
|
||||
$ lsblk -b /dev/sda
|
||||
|
||||
或者，如果你偏好：
|
||||
|
||||
$ lsblk --bytes /dev/sda
|
||||
|
||||
### 以列表形式列出不带头的设备 ###
|
||||
|
||||
你也可以组合几个选项来获取指定的输出。例如，你也许想要以列表格式列出设备，而不是默认的树状格式。你可能也对移除不同栏目名称的头感兴趣。可以将两个不同的选项组合，以获得期望的输出，命令如下：
|
||||
|
||||
$ lsblk -nl
|
||||
|
||||
或者，你可以使用下面的选项，它们也能给出相同的输出。
|
||||
|
||||
$ lsblk --noheadings --list
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 列出SCSI设备 ###
|
||||
|
||||
要获取SCSI设备的列表，你只能使用-S选项。该选项是大写字母S，不能和-s选项混淆，该选项是用来以颠倒的顺序打印依赖的。
|
||||
|
||||
$ lsblk -S
|
||||
|
||||
lsblk列出SCSI设备，相反，逆序选项将给出如下输出。输入命令：
|
||||
|
||||
$ lsblk -s
|
||||
|
||||
或者
|
||||
|
||||
$ lsblk --inverse
|
||||
|
||||
lsblk逆序。你可以使用lsblk来获取关于你的块设备的更多信息，自己把它试着显示出来吧！
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://linoxide.com/linux-command/linux-lsblk-command/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user