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20131203-2 选题
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How to setup Remi repository on CentOS 5/6 and Fedora 18/19/20
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================================================================================
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Remi repository
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The [Remi (Les RPM de Remi) repository][1] provides the latest version of various software packages related to php and mysql for redhat based linux distros like centos, fedora and RHEL. It provides php, mysql, pecl packages, pear packages any many other open source/free php applications and libraries and many other php related packages. So its designed to assist in setting up apache+php based web servers with various kinds of open source applications. The default centos/fedora distros do no have the latest versions of these packages so repositories like Remi do the job.
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The repository can be easily setup on CentOS/Fedora through the installer rpm which will setup the repository configuration.
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### Setup on CentOS 5.x/6.x ###
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The Remi installer rpm file is available for both 5.x and 6.x versions of CentOS. The urls are as follows
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CentOS 5.x - [http://rpms.famillecollet.com/enterprise/remi-release-5.rpm][2]
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CentOS 6.x - [http://rpms.famillecollet.com/enterprise/remi-release-6.rpm][3]
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On CentOS The Remi repository depends on the Epel repository which must be installed along with it, for it to work. If you already have epel repository setup then execute the following command
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$ wget http://rpms.famillecollet.com/enterprise/remi-release-6.rpm
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$ rpm -Uvh remi-release-6*.rpm
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If you do not already have Epel setup then run the following command. It will download the Epel installer file and install it along with Remi
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$ wget http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
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$ wget http://rpms.famillecollet.com/enterprise/remi-release-6.rpm
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$ rpm -Uvh remi-release-6*.rpm epel-release-6*.rpm
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For CentOS 5.x
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$ wget http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/5/i386/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm
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$ wget http://rpms.famillecollet.com/enterprise/remi-release-5.rpm
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$ rpm -Uvh remi-release-5*.rpm epel-release-5*.rpm
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Thats it. Now the remi repository should be setup on your CentOS system.
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### Setup on Fedora 18/19 ###
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On Fedora, Remi depends on the [Rpmfusion][4] repository. So first setup the rpmfusion repository.
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## Remi Dependency on Fedora 19 / 18 / 17 ##
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rpm -Uvh http://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/fedora/rpmfusion-free-release-stable.noarch.rpm
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rpm -Uvh http://download1.rpmfusion.org/nonfree/fedora/rpmfusion-nonfree-release-stable.noarch.rpm
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The rpm file and configuration instructions for rpmfusion can be found here.
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After rpmfusion is setup, move ahead to setting up Remi.
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$ wget http://rpms.famillecollet.com/remi-release-19.rpm
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$ yum install remi-release-19.rpm
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Or directly
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## Fedora 20 ##
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rpm -Uvh http://rpms.famillecollet.com/remi-release-20.rpm
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## Fedora 19 ##
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rpm -Uvh http://rpms.famillecollet.com/remi-release-19.rpm
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## Fedora 18 ##
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rpm -Uvh http://rpms.famillecollet.com/remi-release-18.rpm
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## Fedora 17 ##
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rpm -Uvh http://rpms.famillecollet.com/remi-release-17.rpm
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Make sure to use the correct url for your Fedora version. That should finish setting up the Remi repository on Fedora.
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### Verify Remi ###
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After setting up the Remi repository, its time to check if its properly done. The Remi repository is disabled by default. If you want to enable it permanently then edit the file /etc/yum.repos.d/remi.repo
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$ sudo nano /etc/yum.repos.d/remi.repo
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> [remi]
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> name=Les RPM de remi pour Enterprise Linux 6 - $basearch
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> #baseurl=http://rpms.famillecollet.com/enterprise/6/remi/$basearch/
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> mirrorlist=http://rpms.famillecollet.com/enterprise/6/remi/mirror
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> enabled=0
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> gpgcheck=1
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> gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-remi
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The very first section that starts with [remi] is the main repository. Change the value of enabled from 0 to 1 to enable it.
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Otherwise it can be enabled via yum when needed using the enablerepo option.
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# yum repolist --enablerepo=remi
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Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
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Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
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* base: virror.hanoilug.org
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* epel: mirror.unej.ac.id
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* extras: mirrors.fibo.vn
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* remi: mirror.smartmedia.net.id
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* updates: mirrors.fibo.vn
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repo id repo name status
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base CentOS-6 - Base 6,381
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epel Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - x86_64 10,031
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extras CentOS-6 - Extras 13
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nginx nginx repo 47
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remi Les RPM de remi pour Enterprise Linux 6 - x86_64 1,320
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updates CentOS-6 - Updates 1,555
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repolist: 19,347
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#
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Using the enablerepo option is sufficient when needed. As can be seen, the remi repository provides around 1320 packages. There are 2 more repos, namely remi-php55 and remi-test that provide even more packages.
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### List all packages ###
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To list out all the packages provided by the Remi repo, use the following command.
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# yum --disablerepo=* --enablerepo=remi,remi-php55,remi-test list available | less
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### Install packages from Remi repository ###
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To install packages from Remi repo, use the enablerepo option again
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# yum --enablerepo=remi,remi-php55 install php
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### Resources ###
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Remi repository official site
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[http://rpms.famillecollet.com/][5]
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Remi FAQ
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[http://blog.famillecollet.com/pages/English-FAQ][6]
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Remi repository configuration instructions
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[http://blog.famillecollet.com/pages/Config-en][7]
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.binarytides.com/setup-remi-repository-centos-fedora/
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:http://rpms.famillecollet.com/
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[2]:http://rpms.famillecollet.com/enterprise/remi-release-5.rpm
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[3]:http://rpms.famillecollet.com/enterprise/remi-release-6.rpm
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[4]:http://rpmfusion.org/
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[5]:http://rpms.famillecollet.com/
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[6]:http://blog.famillecollet.com/pages/English-FAQ
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[7]:http://blog.famillecollet.com/pages/Config-en
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Setup Apache 2.4 and Php FPM with mod proxy fcgi on Ubuntu 13.10
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================================================================================
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### mod_proxy_fcgi ###
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The module mod_proxy_fcgi is a new one and it allows apache to connect to/forward requests to an external fastcgi process manager like php fpm. This allows for a complete separation between the running of php scripts and Apache. Earlier we had to use modules like mod_fcgid and mod_fastcgi which all had some limitations. Mod_fcgid for example did not properly utilise the process management capability of php-cgi whereas mod_fastcgi is a third party module.
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With the arrival of mod_proxy_fcgi Apache finally gets the ability to neatly talk to external fastcgi process managers making it more efficient at the task. Delegating php requests to external fpm servers greatly reduces the load on web servers like apache resulting into efficient utilisation of machine resources and faster processing speed for users on the other end. Along with all that, php fpm can run opcode caching engines like apc in a very stable manner.
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So in this post, our task is to setup apache + php-fpm using the mod_proxy_fcgi connector.
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### 1. Setup Apache ###
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Ubuntu 13.10 already ships with apache 2.4 so all installables are in the repository itself.
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Install Apache if not already done
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$ sudo apt-get install apache2
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Enable mod_proxy_fcgi
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$ sudo a2enmod proxy_fcgi
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Considering dependency proxy for proxy_fcgi:
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Enabling module proxy.
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Enabling module proxy_fcgi.
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To activate the new configuration, you need to run:
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service apache2 restart
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Restart Apache
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$ sudo service apache2 restart
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### Configure virtual host ###
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Next task is to configure a vhost to use mod fcgi proxy to communicate with fpm. The vhost configuration files are stored in the following location
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/etc/apache2/sites-available
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Get inside there any create your new vhost configuration file by copying the 000-default.conf file which comes with apache.
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$ cd /etc/apache2/sites-available
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$ sudo cp 000-default.conf mysite.conf
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$ sudo nano mysite.conf
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Now its time to configure the virtualhost. Here is how I configured the file
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> <VirtualHost *:80>
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> # The ServerName directive sets the request scheme, hostname and port that
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> # the server uses to identify itself. This is used when creating
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> # redirection URLs. In the context of virtual hosts, the ServerName
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> # specifies what hostname must appear in the request's Host: header to
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> # match this virtual host. For the default virtual host (this file) this
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> # value is not decisive as it is used as a last resort host regardless.
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> # However, you must set it for any further virtual host explicitly.
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>
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> ServerName fpm.localhost
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>
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> ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost
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> DocumentRoot /var/www/mysite
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>
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> # Available loglevels: trace8, ..., trace1, debug, info, notice, warn,
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> # error, crit, alert, emerg.
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> # It is also possible to configure the loglevel for particular
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> # modules, e.g.
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> #LogLevel info ssl:warn
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>
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> ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
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> CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined
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>
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> # For most configuration files from conf-available/, which are
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> # enabled or disabled at a global level, it is possible to
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> # include a line for only one particular virtual host. For example the
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> # following line enables the CGI configuration for this host only
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> # after it has been globally disabled with "a2disconf".
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> #Include conf-available/serve-cgi-bin.conf
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>
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> ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*\.php(/.*)?)$ fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000/var/www/mysite/$1
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>
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> <Directory "/var/www/mysite">
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> Order allow,deny
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> Allow from all
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> AllowOverride FileInfo All
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> # New directive needed in Apache 2.4.3:
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> Require all granted
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> </Directory>
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>
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> </VirtualHost>
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The important things to note are :
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1. **ServerName** - This is the domain or the subdomain of your vhost. In this example I used fpm.localhost so that when using that sub domain on localhost, php fpm is used. Its just an example.
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2. **DocumentRoot** - This is the root of this vhost from where the web files shall be served.
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3. **ProxyPassMatch** - This is the directive that tells forward all requests for ".php" files to fcgi server at 127.0.0.1:9000. This is where our php fpm process manager would be running. More on this in the next section.
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The fcgi url must contain the exact path to the document root. Otherwise it would say "File Not Found" when requesting for files.
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> ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*\.php(/.*)?)$ fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000/var/www/mysite/$1
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The first parameter is the pattern to match. So all urls that have a ".php" in them followed by an option slash and anything else are matched and the matched part is forwarded to the fcgi server running at 127.0.0.1:9000.
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4. **Require all granted** - After the ProxyPassMatch line we added a section with Require and AllowOverride directives. It is necessary as of Apache 2.4
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Save the file and enable it using the a2ensite command which saves the effort to create the symlink in sites-enabled directory.
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$ sudo a2ensite mysite
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Enabling site mysite.
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To activate the new configuration, you need to run:
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service apache2 reload
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Now reload apache configuration
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$ sudo service apache2 reload
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* Reloading web server apache2
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That completes the apache configuration. The other half of the task is to configure php fpm so that it can finally work.
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### 2. Setup Php-FPM ###
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Next thing is to setup php fpm. Install it via synaptic, if not already done so.
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$ sudo apt-get install php5-fpm
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The configuration files for fpm are located at
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> /etc/php5/fpm
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/etc/php5/fpm$ ls
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conf.d php-fpm.conf php.ini pool.d
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The pool.d directory contains the configuration file for each fpm pool and php-fpm.conf is the main configuration file. Our only work is to configure a fpm pool that is to be used with apache or the specific virtual host.
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The configuration file for a pool is quite large and there are many parameters that can be configured. But in this post we shall be talking about only the important fields that need be set to get fpm up and running
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> ; Start a new pool named 'www'.
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> ; the variable $pool can we used in any directive and will be replaced by the
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> ; pool name ('www' here)
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> [www]
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>
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> ; Per pool prefix
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> ; It only applies on the following directives:
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> ; - 'slowlog'
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> ; - 'listen' (unixsocket)
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> ; - 'chroot'
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> ; - 'chdir'
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> ; - 'php_values'
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> ; - 'php_admin_values'
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> ; When not set, the global prefix (or /usr) applies instead.
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> ; Note: This directive can also be relative to the global prefix.
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> ; Default Value: none
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> ;prefix = /path/to/pools/$pool
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>
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> ; Unix user/group of processes
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> ; Note: The user is mandatory. If the group is not set, the default user's group
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> ; will be used.
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> user = enlightened
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> group = enlightened
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>
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> ; The address on which to accept FastCGI requests.
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> ; Valid syntaxes are:
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> ; 'ip.add.re.ss:port' - to listen on a TCP socket to a specific address on
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> ; a specific port;
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> ; 'port' - to listen on a TCP socket to all addresses on a
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> ; specific port;
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> ; '/path/to/unix/socket' - to listen on a unix socket.
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> ; Note: This value is mandatory.
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> listen = 127.0.0.1:9000
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>
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> ; Set listen(2) backlog.
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> ; Default Value: 128 (-1 on FreeBSD and OpenBSD)
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> ;listen.backlog = 128
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Create a new configuration file by copying the www.conf file. And edit the fields as explained next.
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1. The first options is the name of the pool. We named it 'www' over here. Name it to anything you like or after the domain name it is going to be used with. 'yoursite' for example. That way it would be easier to remember.
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2. Setup the user and group that this pool will run with. When you are setting up multiple sites/domains/virtualhosts on a server, you would always want to setup separate user accounts and corresponding pool for each of those. This is an essential security measure, so that every pool has privileges of its own user only.
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3. Setup the listening socket. This is the socket on which the master fpm process shall listen for incoming requests. This can be a unix socket or a tcp socket. However [mod_proxy_fcgi does not yet support unix sockets][1], so we are limited to tcp sockets.
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Over here its port number 9000 on localhost.
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Now restart fpm
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$ sudo service php5-fpm restart
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Now the new fpm pool should take effect. You can see the new pool process in htop for example.
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### 3. Test the setup ###
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Now that both apache and php fpm are configured and setup, its time to test. Get inside the document root directory and create a php file containing a call to phpinfo() function and open it in your browser.
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The "Server API" should be reported as "FPM/FastCGI".
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Now that apache and php are setup, you may want to install other things like APC, mariadb database, phpmyadmin etc. Move around this site to find how-to guides on those.
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### Resources ###
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Check out the following links to learn more
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[https://wiki.apache.org/httpd/PHP-FPM][2]
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.binarytides.com/setup-apache-php-fpm-mod-proxy-fcgi-ubuntu/
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:https://issues.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=54101
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[2]:https://wiki.apache.org/httpd/PHP-FPM
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