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想找点激烈的游戏?那就试试这 13 款 Roguelike 游戏吧!
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================================================================================
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Roguelike 是角色扮演游戏的一个子类。从字面上看,它的意思是 “像 Rogue 的游戏”。Rogue 是一个关于地下城冒险的视频游戏,于 1980 年第一次发行,以极其上瘾而著称。这个游戏的目标是取得深藏于第 26 层的 "Amulet of Yendor",再返回到顶层逃出生天。
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Roguelike 的准确定义并不存在,但这类游戏通常具有下面的特点:
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- 奇幻的叙事背景;
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- 用程序产生关卡。游戏中的绝大多数场景在开始新的游戏时由游戏自动创建。这样做是为了鼓励玩家不断重玩;
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- 回合制的地下城探险和战斗;
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- 随机生成的基于贴片的图形环境;
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- 随机发生战斗;
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- 永久死亡 :在游戏中,死亡真的存在,一旦你的角色死了,那就真的结束了;
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- 高难度。
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这篇文章精心挑选了一些可运行在 Linux 平台下的 roguelike 游戏。假如你喜欢激烈、易上瘾的游戏,可以尝试这 13 款游戏。不要因它们原始的画质而退缩,一旦你沉浸其中,你将很快忘记画面的简陋。所有的这些都可以免费下载,并且几乎所有的游戏都是在开源协议下发行的。
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----------
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###Dungeon Crawl Stone Soup
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![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games/Screenshot-Dungeon1.png)
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Dungeon Crawl Stone Soup 是一个开源的,单用户角色扮演类的 roguelike 游戏,玩家要在遍布危险而充满敌意的怪兽的地下城中进行探险和寻找宝藏,并在任务中拯救传说中的神秘 Zot 宝珠。
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Dungeon Crawl Stone Soup 是 Linley 开发的 Dungeon Crawl 游戏的延续。它是公开开发的,并邀请 Crawl 社区的人员来参与其中。
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Dungeon Crawl 有着超棒且深层次的战术游戏环节,创新的魔法和信仰系统,以及数量宏大的和你战斗的怪兽。Crawl 也是最难以攻陷的 roguelike 游戏之一。当你最终在游戏中通关,将胜利宣言张贴在 rec.games.roguelike.misc 时,你才会知道这有多么令人骄傲!
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特点包括:
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- 丰富多彩的、富含深层次战术的 roguelike 游戏;
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- 手绘地图;
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- 无数的金库;
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- 漂亮的界面;
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- 创新的魔法和信仰系统;
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- 各种神灵,角色,物品和聪明的怪兽;
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- 网站: [crawl.develz.org][1]
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- 开发者: Stone Soup 开发小组
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- 协议: Crawl General Public License
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- 版本号: 0.15.2
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----------
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###Dwarf Fortress
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![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games/Screenshot-DwarfFortress.png)
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Dwarf Fortress 是一个单人魔幻游戏,与 NetHack 类似。你可以在一个随机生成的持久的世界中,控制一个矮人哨兵或一个冒险者。
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这个游戏的特色有:三种游戏模式(矮人要塞,冒险者,传说模式),一个独特的随机生成的世界(由地形,野生生物和传奇生物等组成), 阴森的战斗机制以及各种邪恶鱼群。
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特点包括:
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- 在这个世界里,你想玩多久都可以。可以经历许多次游戏,记录历史事件,对更改进行跟踪等;
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- 当你扮演的矮人在山群中寻找宝藏时,你可以对他们下达命令
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- 用各种材料来手工制作珍宝、物品,并可以用贵重金属、宝石等来改进它们;
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- 通过各种手段保护你自己,防御来自敌对文明的袭击;
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- 支持贵族,他们会管理你的民众
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- 让你的矮人高兴起来,了解他们工作和休闲时的想法;
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- 不同的 Z 坐标可以使你在多个层级上建造你的堡垒。建立塔台或征服地下深处;
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- 建立水闸来灌溉作物或用水淹没你的对手;
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- 扮演一个探险者并进行探索,为荣誉而战或复仇
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- 与以前的游戏中的对手相遇;
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- 在你经过的旅途中营救小城里的人们;
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- 没有繁琐的情节,只需要探索;
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- 无缝连接的漫游游戏世界-总共达到 197376 x 197376 平方 -可以在区域地图上更快速地穿行;
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- 接受小镇或文明社会的领导所委托的任务;
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- 可以找到你以前的角色,以一个新的角色带上他们来一场新的冒险,或者直接重新激活并使用他们;
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- 通过 Z 轴使得你可以在各个地下城的不同层级间和结构间平滑的上下移动来和对手战斗;
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- 战斗模式是通过技巧、身体部位、搏斗、在不同区域间蓄势和躲避,体验流血、疼痛,恶心及其他感受;
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- 一个动态的天气模型跟踪风,湿度及空气流动,以创造冷暖气流锋面、风、暴风雨雪;
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- 超过 200 种岩石和矿物类型被引入到了游戏世界,它们被放置在合适的地理环境中;
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- 通过可更改的文本文件来添加生物,武器,植物,金属和其他对象;
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- 以 16 色(包括黑色)渲染的扩展 ASCII 字符集,以及 8 种背景颜色(包括黑色);
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- 网站: [www.bay12games.com/dwarves/][2]
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- 开发者: Tarn Adams
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- 协议: 免费软件
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- 版本号: 0.40.19
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----------
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###Ancient Domains of Mystery
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![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games2/Screenshot-ADOM.png)
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Ancient Domains of Mystery (ADOM) 是一个 rogue-like 游戏,从 1994 年至今一直在不断开发。
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它是一个包含复杂地下城的单用户游戏。你控制一个用种族、类别、属性、技巧和装备等描述的虚构角色。这个虚构角色正尝试着达到一个特定的目标(参考下面的介绍)并在一个困难的任务中取胜。为了完成任务,你必须在以前没有发现的隧道和地下城中探险,和丑陋的怪兽战斗,解开一系列遗忘的秘密,并找到宝藏。
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在游戏期间,你在每次游戏时随机生成的各层地下城中探索。你也可能遇到某个特定的关卡,其中有着特定的挑战或者围绕某个特定主题而生成。
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特点包括:
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- 拥有上百个地点的巨大游戏世界,例如城堡、随机生成的地下城、主题寺庙、墓地、古代遗迹、塔台和其他名胜;
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- 各种各样的种族(矮人、drakeling、雾精灵、hurthling、兽人、巨魔、ratling 等等)(LCTT注:种族信息可以参考[这里](http://ancardia.wikia.com/wiki/Race) 和丰富的职业(战士、 元素法师、 刺客、 混沌骑士,决斗士等等)带来无限的游戏乐趣;
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- 上百个怪兽和物品,其中的许多带有随机的增强特性;
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- 迫使你在对力量的欲望和对诅咒的恐惧之间进行权衡的腐败体系;
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- 法术、祈祷、思想技艺、炼金术、手工艺和更多;
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- 多样的任务和分支故事主线;
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- 许多完全不同的结局,可能改变现实本身。
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- 网站: [www.adom.de][3]
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- 开发者: Thomas Biskup
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- 协议: Postcardware
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- 版本号: 1.20 Prelease 20
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----------
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###Tales of Maj’Eyal (ToME)
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![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games2/Screenshot-ToME.png)
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Tales of Maj’Eyal (ToME) (注:中文译名为 马基埃亚尔的传说) 是一个免费、开源的 roguelike 角色扮演游戏,包含特色的战术回合制战役和先进角色构建。它作为运行在 T-Engine 4.0 中的一个模块而被创造。
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现在处于王权世纪(Age of Ascendancy),在长达一万年的冲突痛苦和混乱之后,我们所知的世界终于进入了一个相对和平的时期。 “魔法大爆裂(Spellblaze)” 留下的影响已经大为减缓, 大地的伤痕也慢慢地开始愈合。在薪火世纪(Age of Pyre)之后,各个文明也纷纷开始重建家园。(注:翻译来源于 [这里](http://www.qiyun.org/zhuanti/majiaiyaerdechuanshuo.htm))
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特点包括:
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- 适合于那些没有 rogueline 体验的玩家;
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- 同时支持图形界面和 ASCII 模式;
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- 某些角色拥有多达 40 种的能力;
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- 天赋系统;
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- 战役引擎;
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- 在线的持久状态/成就追踪;
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- IRC 聊天客户端;
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- 可扩展,可修改;
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- 充满激情的音乐;
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- 可解锁新的种族,类别,起始点,游戏模式和特点等;
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- 网站: [te4.org][4]
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- 开发者: ToME 开发团队
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- 协议: GNU GPL v3.0
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- 版本号: 1.2.5
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----------
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###Cataclysm Dark Days Ahead
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![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games2/Screenshot-Cataclysm.png)
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Cataclysm 是一个开源的 “后末世” roguelike 游戏,背景设定在由怪兽和僵尸带来的毁灭性的瘟疫后虚构的新英格兰(New England) 乡村。它是 Whale 开发的原有 Cataclysm 的继续,拓展了更多新的生物,建筑,游戏机制和其他特点。
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尽管有些人描述它为一个 “僵尸游戏”,但 Cataclysm 远比一个“僵尸游戏”包含更多内容。玩家要在一个由程序生成的严酷、持久的世界中艰难生存下去。在一个死寂的文明世界中搜寻剩下的食物和装备,或者假如你足够幸运,搞到一辆装满汽油的汽车逃离 Dodge --这个如地狱一般的地方。从僵尸到巨型昆虫或机器人杀手以及更加奇怪和致命的东西,你要通过战斗来击败它们或逃离,以及和那些想要抢夺你的东西的那些同你一样的人战斗。
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在许多方面上, Cataclysm 与大多数的 roguelike 游戏不同。它被设定在一个没有边界的三维世界里,而不是设定在一个垂直、线性的地下城中。这意味着相比于大多数的 roguel 游戏,探险将占一个更大的比重,而且这个游戏将具有更大的自由度。由于地图是如此的巨大,在每次游戏之间,它可以完全保持原样。假如你死了,并以一个新的角色开始,你的新游戏将会设定在同你最近呆过的游戏世界相同的世界里。同许多 roguelike 游戏一样,你可以获得先前角色的战利品;而与大多数 roguelike 不同的是,你也可以重新踏上先前角色的轨迹,并且对世界做出的任何戏剧性改变将会维持到你的下一次游戏。
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特点包括:
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- 详细的角色创建,提供了数量众多的特性来选择;
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- 防御模式,这是一个有着快节奏作战的休息模式;
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- Bionics;类似于在许多其他游戏里的魔法系统;
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- 基因突变, 有好的和坏的变化;
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- 无界的,完全随机的世界地图,可以在角色交替时保持不变;
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- 创造物品
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- 新的制作方法可能需要通过练习或从书本中获得来磨练你的知识;
|
||||
- 逼真的火、烟和其他动态的地图特效;
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- 昼/夜循环,需要睡觉。假如你必须的话,可以使用咖啡因来保持更长时间的清醒,但这不健康;
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- 超过 300 种物品类型,包括众多的现实世界的枪支,药品和工具;
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- 许多药品是上瘾的,并需要持续使用来避免负面效果;
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- 通过修补门、窗、建造陷阱和巩固你的家的基石来防止一个僵尸的突然造访;
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- 能够构建你自己的木屋,包括墙和屋顶;
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- 可以驾驶在“后末世”发现的汽车兜风;
|
||||
- 这个可以根据你的需求来修改,或甚至你可以自己制造一辆;
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- 温度系统,太冷或太热都非常危险;
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- 初步支持贴片界面;
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- 根据选项生成世界,以及各种编辑方式;
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||||
- 网站: [en.cataclysmdda.com][5]
|
||||
- 作者: Kevin Granade 及其他
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||||
- 协议: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License
|
||||
- 版本号: 0.B
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
###Goblin Hack
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games2/Screenshot-GoblinHack.png)
|
||||
|
||||
Goblin Hack 是一个开源 roguelike 游戏,基于 OpenGL 的平滑滚动的ASCII 图形界面。这个游戏受 NetHack 外观的启发,但更加快速且使用更少的按键。
|
||||
|
||||
Goblin Hack 有一个简洁的界面,在今天这个过度强调渲染的游戏世界中,似乎它对所有年龄段的玩家都有吸引力,并启发了这些玩家的想象力。
|
||||
|
||||
在被投进一个随机的正在生成的地下城之前,玩家可以从几个角色类别中选择一个角色。
|
||||
|
||||
特点包括:
|
||||
|
||||
- 令人印象深刻的界面(相比于许多其他的 roguelike 游戏);
|
||||
- 简洁的界面;
|
||||
- 在被投进一个随机的正在生成的第一层地下城之前,玩家可以从几个角色类别中选择一个角色;
|
||||
- 手动保存游戏;
|
||||
|
||||
- 网站: [goblinhack.sourceforge.net][6], [github.com/goblinhack/goblinhack][7]
|
||||
- 作者: Neil McGill
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||||
- 协议: GNU GPL v2
|
||||
- 版本号: 1.19
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||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
###SLASH'EM
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games2/Screenshot-SlashEM.png)
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||||
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||||
Super Lotsa Added Stuff Hack - Extended Magic (SLASH'EM) 是一个角色扮演游戏,在其中你控制一个单独的角色。SLASH'EM 是 NetHack 的一个变种。它拥有一个和 Rogue、ADOM、Anghand 及 NetHack 相似的界面和游戏玩法。你通过键盘来控制角色的动作,以一个俯视的视角来查看这个世界。
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||||
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背景: Amulet of Yendor 已被偷走,不仅如此,偷走 amulet 的 Wizard of Yendor(坏蛋)似乎深藏于 Dungeons of Doom(危险的地方)。
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||||
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||||
特点包括:
|
||||
|
||||
- 提供额外的特色、怪兽和项目;
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||||
- 新颖的特点包括僧人职业和类似推箱子的关卡;
|
||||
- 主地下城比在 NetHack 中的要大很多;
|
||||
|
||||
- 网站: [www.slashem.org][8]
|
||||
- 开发者: Slash'EM 开发团队
|
||||
- 协议: MIT License, NetHack General Public License
|
||||
- 版本号: 0.0.7E7F3
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
###NetHack
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games/Screenshot-NetHack.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
NetHack 是一个极简,但又非常吸引人的具有地下城与龙风格的冒险游戏。“net”元素指的是它的发展已经根据网络进行了调整,“hack”元素指的是角色扮演游戏的一种类型,以乱砍、猛砍著称,着眼于战斗。
|
||||
|
||||
在 NetHack 中,你扮演凶猛的战士、巫师或许多其他职业中的一种,一路战斗着,为你的神灵获取 Amulet of Yendor(可以说这是一个倒退!)。在这个过程中,你可能会遇到一个或两个 quantum mechanic(LCTT 译注:从[这里](http://nethack.wikia.com/wiki/Quantum_mechanic)得知,这指的是一种怪兽),或者可能遇到一个小型的太空舰队,抑或是 —— 假如你*足够*幸运会遇到 —— Ravenous Bugblatter Beast of Traal。(LCTT 译注:我参考了[这里](http://nethack.wikia.com/wiki/Douglas_Adams))。
|
||||
|
||||
特点包括:
|
||||
|
||||
- 45-50 个关卡, 其中的大多数随机生成;
|
||||
- 各种各样的物品:武器、盔甲、卷轴、药水、戒指、宝石和各种各样的工具,如钥匙和灯;
|
||||
- 祝福和诅咒;
|
||||
- 永久死亡: 若没有对当前的保存文件进行备份,失效的角色就找不回来了;
|
||||
- 界面:
|
||||
- 文本模式;
|
||||
- 图形化界面, 使用 X、Qt 工具集或 GNOME 库;
|
||||
|
||||
- 网站: [www.nethack.org][9]
|
||||
- 开发者: NetHack 开发团队
|
||||
- 协议: NetHack 通用公共许可证
|
||||
- 版本号: 3.4.3
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
###Ascii Sector
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games2/Screenshot-AsciiSector.png)
|
||||
|
||||
Ascii Sector 是一个免费的太空战斗/探险/交易游戏,它基于经典的电脑游戏 `Wing Commander: Privateer`,后者由 Origine Systems 公司于 1993 年发布。
|
||||
|
||||
在 Ascii Sector 中,刚开始你将驾驶一艘简易的飞船,然后可以通过接受任务或者贩卖物品来挣得足够多的钱以升级你的飞船或重新再买一艘。不管是在太空中,还是在地面上,抑或是在飞船上,你可以专注于致命的战斗;并且通过使用 Ascii Sector 的脚本语言,你还可以为游戏创造自己的任务或享受其他玩家创造的任务。
|
||||
|
||||
特点包括:
|
||||
|
||||
- 使用 ANSI 字符集生成图形界面;
|
||||
- 真正的深入到游戏中;
|
||||
- 提供各种基地,任务,商品和飞船;
|
||||
- 飞船型号包括: Broadsword, Centurion, Demon, Dralthi, Drayman, Galaxy, Gladius, Gothri, Kamekh, Nexus, Orion, Paradign, Stileto, Talon, Tarsus 和 Ulysses;
|
||||
- 四个象限: Alizarin, Crimson, Mauve, 和 Viridian;
|
||||
- 可下载的任务;
|
||||
- 任务可用脚本编辑;
|
||||
- Ascii Sector 任务语言,在 Ascii Sector 宇宙中创造你自己的故事;
|
||||
- 可以袭击或抢劫星球上的 NPC(非玩家控制角色);
|
||||
- 可以到处移动的持久性舰队、可以改变系统的控制、引来敌人的舰队、回基地修复或重建;
|
||||
- 可以登录系统受损的飞船;
|
||||
- 可下载高质量的音乐文件;
|
||||
|
||||
- 网站: [www.asciisector.net][10]
|
||||
- 开发者: Christian Knudsen
|
||||
- 协议: 免费软件
|
||||
- 版本号: 0.7.1.4
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
###Angband
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games2/Screenshot-Angband.png)
|
||||
|
||||
Angband 是一个免费、单用户、使用 ASCII 字符图形化的地下城探险游戏,在其中你将以一个冒险者的角色探索一个深深的地下城,与怪兽战斗,获得你能取得的最好武器,准备着与黑暗之主 Morgoth 的最后决战。从上世纪九十年代开始,它一直在持续地开发着。
|
||||
|
||||
Angband 沿袭了 Rogue 和 NetHack 的风格路线。它由 Moria 和 Umoria 游戏衍生而来,基于 Rogue 回合制。它经常被描述为一个 “roguelike”游戏,因为它的外观和游戏体验与 Rogue 非常相似。很多游戏中的新生物、物品都来自 J.R.R Tolkien 的画作,尽管有些野兽直接来源于经典的神话、龙与地下城、Rolemaster,或 Angband 的原开发者的脑海中。
|
||||
|
||||
特点包括:
|
||||
|
||||
- 100 层地下城;
|
||||
- 随机产生的新关卡;
|
||||
- 可以选择成为人类、半精灵、精灵、霍比特人、地精、矮人,半兽人,半巨魔, 登丹人 ,高等精灵,或者狗头人;
|
||||
- 神器;
|
||||
- 施法;
|
||||
- 怪物;
|
||||
- 怪物坑;
|
||||
- 怪物巢穴;
|
||||
|
||||
- 网站: [rephial.org][11]
|
||||
- 开发者: Angband 开发小组
|
||||
- 协议: GNU GPL v2
|
||||
- 版本号: 3.5.0
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
###UnNetHack
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games2/Screenshot-UnNetHack.png)
|
||||
|
||||
UnNetHack 是 NetHack 的一个分支版本。NetHack 最开始于 1987 年发行,并且许多游戏玩家认为它是计算机世界所能提供的最好游戏体验的游戏之一。
|
||||
|
||||
特点包括:
|
||||
|
||||
- 增加了许多针对 NetHack 的增强,如额外的怪兽、更多的关卡、许多新的元素、更多的危险、更具挑战性的游戏,以及最重要的,相比普通的 NetHack,它更具娱乐性;
|
||||
- 帮助新手开始的教程;
|
||||
|
||||
- 网站: [sourceforge.net/apps/trac/unnethack][12]
|
||||
- 作者: Patric Mueller
|
||||
- 协议: Nethack General Public License
|
||||
- 版本号: 5.1.0
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
###Hydra Slayer
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games2/Screenshot-HydraSlayer.png)
|
||||
|
||||
Hydra Slayer 是一个专注于杀死九头蛇的开源 Roguelike 游戏。它受到了希腊神话、地下城探险、MathRL seven day roguelike ,和一些关于勇者杀死多头野兽的数字谜题等启发。
|
||||
|
||||
特点如下:
|
||||
|
||||
- 独特的游戏机制;
|
||||
- 混合希腊神话和数字迷宫的主题;
|
||||
- 传统的 roguelike ASCII 字符界面或贴片/3D 界面;
|
||||
- 5 种人物角色,具有极为不同的战术、力量及弱点;
|
||||
- 28 种敌人类型:
|
||||
- 10 种基本的九头蛇类型(每种类型都有两种变种);
|
||||
- 8 种特殊类型的敌人;
|
||||
- 可用作战术工具的无害蘑菇;
|
||||
- 28 种装备(并包括材料和装备的大小/力量的变种);
|
||||
- 15 种武器材料;
|
||||
- 18 种非装备物品;
|
||||
- 3 种可供选择的地图;
|
||||
- 8 种关卡拓扑结构(包括莫比乌斯带和克莱因瓶);
|
||||
- 11 个关卡生成器;
|
||||
- 2 种结局;
|
||||
|
||||
- 网站: [www.roguetemple.com/z/hydra][13]
|
||||
- 开发者: Zeno Rogue
|
||||
- 协议: GNU GPL v2
|
||||
- 版本号: 16.1
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
###Brogue
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games2/Screenshot-Brogue.png)
|
||||
|
||||
Brogue 是一个开源的 Roguelike 游戏,它可以运行在 Mac OS X, Windows, Linux, iOS 和 Android 等平台下。
|
||||
|
||||
Brogue 是 Rogue 的一个直系分支,后者是一个最早由 Michael Toy 和 Glenn Wichman 于 1980 年左右开发的地下城探险视频游戏。与其他受欢迎的现代 Roguelike 游戏不同, Brogue 追求简单而不是复杂性,同时尽力确保游戏的不同组成之间的联系是有趣且纷繁多彩。
|
||||
|
||||
这个游戏的目标是取得深藏于地下第 26 层的 "Amulet of Yendor",再返回到地面逃出生天。对于那些技术娴熟且想进一步探险的人来说,位于 26 层之下的每层均包含 3 颗 lumenstone (流明石)(LCTT 译注:此处与我在[这里](http://brogue.wikia.com/wiki/Lumenstone)看到的有些出入),获得它们,将在胜利的基础上被授予额外的得分。
|
||||
|
||||
Brogue 是一个富有挑战性的游戏,但玩起来非常有趣。尽量不要因游戏的高难度而灰心;试玩一段时间之后,你会发现它变得非常吸引人。
|
||||
|
||||
特点如下:
|
||||
|
||||
- 追求简单而非复杂;
|
||||
- 对用户友好;
|
||||
- 相比于 Rogue, Brogue 关卡生成更加复杂;
|
||||
- 移除了 XP 和 水平系统 ;
|
||||
- 陷阱,防护性物品;
|
||||
- 额外的怪兽类型和魔法物品;
|
||||
|
||||
- 网站: [sites.google.com/site/broguegame][14]
|
||||
- 作者: Brian Walker
|
||||
- 协议: GNU Affero GPL
|
||||
- 版本号: 1.7.3
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/201412031524381/RoguelikeGames.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者:Frazer Kline
|
||||
译者:[FSSlc](https://github.com/FSSlc)
|
||||
校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://crawl.develz.org/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.bay12games.com/dwarves/index.html
|
||||
[3]:http://www.adom.de/
|
||||
[4]:http://te4.org/
|
||||
[5]:http://en.cataclysmdda.com/
|
||||
[6]:http://goblinhack.sourceforge.net/
|
||||
[7]:https://github.com/goblinhack/goblinhack
|
||||
[8]:http://www.slashem.org/
|
||||
[9]:http://www.nethack.org/
|
||||
[10]:http://www.asciisector.net/
|
||||
[11]:http://rephial.org/
|
||||
[12]:http://sourceforge.net/apps/trac/unnethack/
|
||||
[13]:http://www.roguetemple.com/z/hydra/
|
||||
[14]:lhttps://sites.google.com/site/broguegame/
|
@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
|
||||
如何在Ubuntu 14.04上安装轻量级web服务器Cherokee
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
**Cherokee** 是一个免费,开源,高性能轻量级的全功能web服务器,支持大部分主流操作系统(Linux、 Mac OS X、 Solaris 和 BSD)。它支持TLS/SSL、FastCGI、 SCGI、 PHP、 uWSGI、 SSI、 CGI、 LDAP、 HTTP代理、 视频流处理、 内容缓存、 流量控制、 虚拟主机、Apache兼容的日志文件,以及负载均衡等功能。
|
||||
|
||||
今天我们介绍一下怎样在Ubuntu Server 14.04 LTS安装和配置轻量级的web服务器Cherokee,只需要注意修改软件源列表,同样适用于Ubuntu12.04,12.10和13.04。
|
||||
|
||||
在Ubuntu Server上逐步安装和配置Cherokee
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. 更新Ubuntu软件包索引 ###
|
||||
|
||||
首先登陆Ubuntu Server,执行以下命令,更新Ubuntu Server的软件源并安装可用的更新。
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get update
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get upgrade
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. 加入 PPA ###
|
||||
|
||||
通过运行以下命令增加Cherokee的PPA
|
||||
|
||||
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:cherokee-webserver
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get update
|
||||
|
||||
对于运行14.04版本的服务器还需要执行以下步骤
|
||||
|
||||
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d
|
||||
|
||||
nano cherokee-webserver-ppa-trusty.list
|
||||
|
||||
用`deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/cherokee-webserver/ppa/ubuntu saucy main` 替换 `deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/cherokee-webserver/ppa/ubuntu trusty main`
|
||||
|
||||
**再次运行命令:**
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get update
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. 使用apt-get安装Cherokee ###
|
||||
|
||||
使用如下命令安装Cherokee和SSL模块
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install cherokee cherokee-admin cherokee-doc libcherokee-mod-libssl libcherokee-mod-streaming libcherokee-mod-rrd
|
||||
|
||||
### 4. 配置Cherokee ###
|
||||
|
||||
重启Cherokee服务:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo service cherokee start
|
||||
|
||||
使用Cherokee最大的好处就是能通过一个简单易用的web界面 cherokee-admin 来管理所有的配置选项。推荐通过浏览器来管理Cherokee。使用如下命令启动cherokee-admin
|
||||
|
||||
sudo cherokee-admin
|
||||
|
||||
**注意: cherokee-admin 会显示用户名,一次性密码和web管理界面地址。**
|
||||
|
||||
**请记录下这个一次性密码,登录到管理界面时需要它。**
|
||||
|
||||
默认情况下,只能通过localhost访问Cherokee-admin,如果需要通过其它网络地址来访问,可以使用‘**-b**’参数。如果不指定任何IP地址,Cherokee-admin会自动监听所有网络端口。然后就可以通过网络访问Cherokee-admin
|
||||
|
||||
sudo cherokee-admin -b
|
||||
|
||||
通过指定IP地址访问Cherokee-admin
|
||||
|
||||
sudo cherokee-admin -b 192.168.1.102
|
||||
|
||||
### 5. 浏览cherokee-admin面板 ###
|
||||
|
||||
在你喜欢的浏览器中输入地址`http://主机名或 IP 地址:9090/`就可以进入控制面板了。例如我的是http://127.0.0.1:9090/,在浏览器中显示如下图
|
||||
|
||||
![cherokee-admin-panel](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/cherokee-admin.png)
|
||||
|
||||
好了,到这里我们已经成功地在Ubuntu Server上安装和配置了Cherokee。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://linoxide.com/ubuntu-how-to/install-cherokee-lightweight-web-server-ubuntu-14-04/
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[Arun Pyasi][a]
|
||||
译者:[ictlyh](https://github.com/ictlyh)
|
||||
校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://linoxide.com/author/arunp/
|
@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
|
||||
tespeed - 测试网速的Python工具
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
许多电脑呆子知道可以用**speedtest.net**测试网速,但是这个不能在测试中给你足够的控制。Linux用户喜欢在终端中输入命令来完成任务,至少对我是这样的。
|
||||
许多电脑呆子知道可以用**speedtest.net**测试网速,但是这个不能在测试中给你足够的控制。Linux用户喜欢在终端中输入命令来完成任务,至少我就是这样的。
|
||||
|
||||
tespeed是一款有很多特性的python工具,可以在终端在测试网速。根据文档,它利用了speedtest.net的服务器,但是用户可以手动指定。
|
||||
tespeed是一款有很多特性的python工具,可以在终端在测试网速。根据文档说明,它利用了speedtest.net的服务器,但是用户可以手动指定。
|
||||
|
||||
最初作者用php语言写了tespeed工具,并且证明了ISP提供的网络远低于它广告中所说的那样。但是事情并不是一直如它们想的那样,因此作者移植他的php脚本到python中并且他的工具在github中已经有180个star了。
|
||||
最初作者用php语言写了tespeed工具,并且证明了ISP提供的网络远低于它广告中所说的那样。但是事情并不是一直如他们想的那样,因此作者移植他的php脚本到python中,并且他的工具在github中已经有180个star了。
|
||||
|
||||
这意味着**alot**。
|
||||
It means **alot**。
|
||||
|
||||
### 如何在linux中测试tespeed ###
|
||||
|
||||
@ -23,11 +23,11 @@ tespeed是一款有很多特性的python工具,可以在终端在测试网速
|
||||
|
||||
wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/socksipy/files/socksipy/SocksiPy%201.00/SocksiPy.zip/
|
||||
|
||||
下载完成后 解压**SocksiPy.zip**病运行下面的命令来克隆tespeed仓库到你本地机器中。
|
||||
下载完成后 解压**SocksiPy.zip**并运行下面的命令来克隆tespeed仓库到你本地机器中。
|
||||
|
||||
git clone https://github.com/Janhouse/tespeed.git
|
||||
|
||||
接着把SocksiPy文件夹放到你克隆下来的tespeed项目中。现在我们要像截图那样在SocksPy中的**__init__.py**下面创建一个空文件。
|
||||
接着把SocksiPy文件夹放到你克隆下来的tespeed项目中。现在我们要像截图那样在SocksiPy中的创建一个叫**__init__.py**的空文件。
|
||||
|
||||
![simple trick to make tespeed work](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/tespeed1.png)
|
||||
|
||||
@ -39,9 +39,9 @@ tespeed是一款有很多特性的python工具,可以在终端在测试网速
|
||||
|
||||
![testing download and upload speed with tespeed python application](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/tespeed2.png)
|
||||
|
||||
在tespeed中有很多选项,如**-ls**来现实服务器,**-p**来指定代理服务器, **-s**来阻止调试(STDERR)输出, 还有很多我们会在本教程中探索。
|
||||
在tespeed中有很多选项,如**-ls**来列出服务器,**-p**来指定代理服务器, **-s**来阻止调试(STDERR)输出, 还有很多我们会在本教程中探索。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你想要结果现实成MB,你可以在**python tespeed.py** 后面接上选项 **-mib**。
|
||||
如果你想要结果显示成MB,你可以在**python tespeed.py** 后面接上选项 **-mib**。
|
||||
|
||||
python tespeed.py -mib
|
||||
|
||||
@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ tespeed是一款有很多特性的python工具,可以在终端在测试网速
|
||||
|
||||
### 总结 ###
|
||||
|
||||
=tespeed的确是一款帮助用户在终端中测试上传和下载速度的高性能python脚本。它支持很多的选项并且你可以指定列表中你想使用的服务器。继续使用tespeed并在留言区写下你们的体验吧。
|
||||
tespeed的确是一款帮助用户在终端中测试上传和下载速度的高性能python脚本。它支持很多的选项并且你可以指定列表中你想使用的服务器。继续使用tespeed并在留言区写下你们的体验吧。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ via: http://linoxide.com/tools/tespeed-python-tool-test-internet-speed/
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[Oltjano Terpollari][a]
|
||||
译者:[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
|
||||
如何在CentOS/RHEL中安装机遇Web监控的Linux-dash
|
||||
如何在CentOS/RHEL中安装基于Web的监控系统 linux-dash
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
**Linux-dash**是一款为Linux设计的基于web的轻量级监控面板。这个程序会显示实时时间、不同的系统属性,比如CPU负载、RAM使用率、磁盘使用率、网速、网络连接、RX/TX带宽、登录用户、运行的进程等等。它不会存储长期的统计。因为它没有后端数据库。
|
||||
**Linux-dash**是一款为Linux设计的基于web的轻量级监控面板。这个程序会实时显示各种不同的系统属性,比如CPU负载、RAM使用率、磁盘使用率、网速、网络连接、RX/TX带宽、登录用户、运行的进程等等。它不会存储长期的统计。因为它没有后端数据库。
|
||||
|
||||
本篇文章将会向你展示如何安装和设置Linux dash,这里的web服务器是**Nginx**.
|
||||
本篇文章将会向你展示如何安装和设置Linux dash,这里所使用的web服务器是**Nginx**.
|
||||
|
||||
### 安装 ###
|
||||
|
||||
首先我们要启用[EPEL 仓库][1]。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**接下来,我们需要用下面的命令安装nginx。**
|
||||
|
||||
sudo yum install nginx
|
||||
@ -59,7 +59,7 @@
|
||||
|
||||
sudo vim /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
|
||||
|
||||
**确保设置了“listn”,“user”和“group”字段。你可以保留下面的配置不变。**
|
||||
**确保设置了如下的“listen”,“user”和“group”字段。你可以保留其它的配置不变。**
|
||||
|
||||
. . .
|
||||
listen = /var/run/php-fpm.sock
|
||||
@ -73,25 +73,25 @@
|
||||
sudo cp -r linux-dash/ /var/www/
|
||||
sudo chown -R nginx:nginx /var/www
|
||||
|
||||
**接下来,重启 Nginx和php-fpm**
|
||||
**接下来,重启 Nginx和php-fpm。**
|
||||
|
||||
sudo service nginx restart
|
||||
sudo service php-fpm restart
|
||||
|
||||
**设置nginx和php-fpm开机自动启动**
|
||||
**设置nginx和php-fpm开机自动启动。**
|
||||
|
||||
sudo chkconfig nginx on
|
||||
sudo chkconfig php-fpm on
|
||||
|
||||
在本例中,我们使用TCP端口8080配置linux-dash。因此确保防火墙没有阻止8080 TCP端口。
|
||||
在本例中,我们使用TCP端口8080配置linux-dash。因此需确保防火墙没有阻止8080 TCP端口。
|
||||
|
||||
### 用linux-dash监控Linux服务器 ###
|
||||
|
||||
你现在可以在浏览器中输入**http://<linux-IP-address>:8080/linux-dash/**来访问Linux-dash。
|
||||
你现在可以在浏览器中输入**http://\<IP地址>:8080/linux-dash/**来访问Linux-dash。
|
||||
|
||||
web面板包含了不同的组件,每个都显示独特的系统属性。你可以自定义web面板的外观也可以关闭一些组件。
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Lin-dash.png)
|
||||
![](http://1102047360.rsc.cdn77.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Lin-dash.png)
|
||||
|
||||
美好的一天!
|
||||
|
||||
@ -104,9 +104,9 @@ via: http://www.unixmen.com/install-linux-dash-web-based-monitoring-system-cento
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[Jijo][a]
|
||||
译者:[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.unixmen.com/author/jijo/
|
||||
[1]:http://www.unixmen.com/install-epel-repository-centos-rhel-7/
|
||||
[1]:http://linux.cn/article-2324-1.html
|
@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Linux 有问必答:如何在Linux 中修复“fatal error: x264.h: No such fil
|
||||
|
||||
[x264][1]是GNU GPL授权的H.264/MPEG-4 AVC编码库。x264库被广泛用于视频编码/转码程序比如Avidemux、[FFmpeg][2]、 [HandBrake][3]、 OpenShot、 MEncode等等。
|
||||
|
||||
要解决这个问题,你需要安装x264的开发库文件。你可以这么做。
|
||||
要解决这个问题,你需要安装x264的开发库文件。你可以如下做。
|
||||
|
||||
###在 Debian、 Ubuntu 或者 Linux Mint 中安装像x264库和开发文件 ###
|
||||
|
||||
@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ RPM Fusion设置完成后,你可以使用下面的命令安装x264开发文件
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo yum --enablerepo=rpmfusion-free install x264-devel
|
||||
|
||||
注意RPM Fusion仓库在CentOS 7中还没有,因此上面的方法在CentOS 7中还不可行。万一是CentOS 7 ,你可以从源码编译并安装x264,下面会解释的。
|
||||
注意RPM Fusion仓库在CentOS 7中还没有,因此上面的方法在CentOS 7中还不可行。万一是CentOS 7 ,你可以从源码编译并安装x264,下面会解释的。
|
||||
|
||||
### 在Debian、 Ubuntu 或者 Linux Mint中源码编译x264库 ###
|
||||
|
||||
@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ x264库将会安装在/usr/local/lib。要让其他程序可以使用这个库
|
||||
via: http://ask.xmodulo.com/fatal-error-x264-h-no-such-file-or-directory.html
|
||||
|
||||
译者:[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
|
||||
Ubuntu上的一个开源VoIP应用——Mumble
|
||||
游戏玩家的福音:在 Ubuntu 上安装开源 VoIP 应用 Mumble
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Mumble是一个自由开源的VoIP应用,遵守New BSD License,主要面向的用户群体是玩家。运行起来类似于TeamSpeak和Ventrilo,用户通过连接到同一个服务器来实现相互通讯。
|
||||
Mumble是一个自由开源的VoIP应用,在新的 BSD 许可证下发布,主要面向的用户群体是游戏玩家。运行起来类似于TeamSpeak和Ventrilo,用户通过连接到同一个服务器来实现相互通讯。
|
||||
|
||||
Mumble提供了如下的一些特性:
|
||||
Mumble提供了如下的漂亮特性:
|
||||
|
||||
- 低延迟,这点对游戏相当重要
|
||||
- 提供游戏中的可视插件,通过它你可以知道是谁正在和你通话并定位他们的位置
|
||||
@ -30,11 +30,11 @@ Mumble提供了如下的一些特性:
|
||||
|
||||
![mumble q1](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/mumble-q1.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
选择“是”开机自动启动mumble,接着它会询问你是否运行高性能模式以保持低延迟,为了让它保持最佳性能这是个不错的主意。
|
||||
选择“是”让服务器开机时自动启动mumble,接着它会询问你是否运行高优先级模式以保持低延迟,为了让它保持最佳性能这是个不错的主意。
|
||||
|
||||
![mumble q2](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/mumble-q2.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
接着为你刚安装好的mumble服务端设置最高权限用户的密码,记住密码它会在登录时用到。
|
||||
接着为你刚安装好的mumble服务端设管理员用户的密码,记住这个密码,它会在登录时用到。
|
||||
|
||||
![mumble q3](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/mumble-q3.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ Mumble提供了如下的一些特性:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install mumble
|
||||
|
||||
第一次运行mumble时,导向将会帮助你配置音频的输入输出,使其能在客户端上保持最好的效果。第一次同样也会询问你要使用的是什么声音设备和麦克风:
|
||||
第一次运行mumble时,配置向导将会帮助你配置音频的输入输出,使其能在客户端上保持最好的效果。第一次同样也会询问你要使用的是什么声音设备和麦克风:
|
||||
|
||||
![mumble client 1](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/mumble-client-1.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
@ -52,15 +52,15 @@ Mumble提供了如下的一些特性:
|
||||
|
||||
![mumble client 2](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/mumble-client-2.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
因为mumble帮你加密所有的通讯内容所以它会征询你创建证书:
|
||||
因为mumble会帮你加密所有的通讯内容所以它会要求你创建证书:
|
||||
|
||||
![mumble client 3](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/mumble-client-3.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
完成导向后你就能添加第一个服务器,连接对话框如下图所示:
|
||||
完成配置向导后你就能添加第一个服务器,连接对话框如下图所示:
|
||||
|
||||
![mumble add server](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/mumble-add-server.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
首先输入一个标签,名字任意因为那只不过是为了记住服务器的,然后输入服务器的地址和端口,最后使用“SuperUser”作为用户名而密码则是你配置mumble服务器端时输入的密码。
|
||||
首先输入一个标签,名字任意因为那只不过是为了记住服务器的,然后输入服务器的地址和端口,最后使用“SuperUser”作为用户名,而密码则是你配置mumble服务器端时输入的密码。
|
||||
|
||||
现在你可以连接到服务器了,在联网玩游戏或与你好友、队友聊天开黑时享受这些功能给你带来的乐趣吧!
|
||||
|
||||
@ -69,8 +69,8 @@ Mumble提供了如下的一些特性:
|
||||
via: http://linoxide.com/ubuntu-how-to/install-mumble-ubuntu/
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[Adrian Dinu][a]
|
||||
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者:[martin2011qi](https://github.com/martin2011qi)
|
||||
校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
|
||||
如何设置Ubuntu14.04 的 SSH 无密码登录
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
大家好,今天我来向大家介绍如何在 Ubuntu12.04 上设置 SSH 的无密码登录功能。仅在工作站上有正确的(公私)密钥对以供匹配时SSH服务端才会允许你登录,反之访问将不会被允许。
|
||||
|
||||
正常情况下,我们需要连上SSH的控制台输入用户名及其密码才行。如果两者全部正确,我们就可以访问,反之访问被服务端拒绝。不过相比而言还有一种比用密码更安全的登录方式,我们可以在登录SSH时通过加密密钥进行无密码登录。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你想启用这个安全的方式,我们只需简单的禁用密码登录并只允许加密密钥登录即可。使用这种方式时,客户端计算机上会产生一对私钥和公钥。接着客户端得把公钥上传到SSH服务端的authorized_key文件中去。在授予访问前,服务器及客户端电脑会校验这个密钥对。如果服务器上的公钥与客服端提交的私钥匹配则授予访问权限,否则访问被拒绝。
|
||||
|
||||
这是认证到SSH服务器的非常安全的一种做法,如果你想为单一的SSH用户登录实现安全登录,这也是备受推崇的方式。这里快速的过一遍如何启用无密码登录SSH的配置过程。
|
||||
|
||||
### 1.安装Openssh服务端 ###
|
||||
|
||||
首先,我们需要更新我们的本地库索引。所以如下所见,我们需要先输入“apt-get update”
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get update
|
||||
|
||||
![Updating Repo Index](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/updating-repo-list.png)
|
||||
|
||||
现在我们可以通过以下命令安装openssh-server:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install openssh-server
|
||||
|
||||
![Installing openssh server](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/installing-openssh-server.png)
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. 开启openssh服务 ###
|
||||
|
||||
在OpenSSH已经成功安装在Ubuntu14.04操作系统上了之后,我们要启动OpenSSH的服务。以下命令让你启动/开启服务。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo service ssh start
|
||||
|
||||
或
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo /etc/init.d/ssh start
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. 配置密钥对 ###
|
||||
|
||||
在我们安装并启动了OpenSSH服务以后。现在终于到了要我们搞定公私钥对的时候了,在终端中运行以下命令:
|
||||
|
||||
$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
|
||||
|
||||
在运行完以上命令了以后,我们需要回答一系列的问题。首先选择保存密钥的路径,按回车将会选择默认路径即家目录的一个隐藏的.ssh文件夹。下一个提示是请输入口令提醒。我个人将此留空(直接回车)。之后密钥对就会创建,大功告成。
|
||||
|
||||
![Generating Key Pair](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/generating-key-pair.png)
|
||||
|
||||
在密钥对生成以后,我们需要将**客户端上的公钥复制到SSH服务端**或者主机,来创建对客户端的信任关系。运行以下命令复制客户端的公钥到服务端。
|
||||
|
||||
$ ssh-copy-id user@ip_address
|
||||
|
||||
在公钥上传之后,我们现在可以禁用通过密码登陆SSH的方式了。为此,我们需要通过以下命令用文本编辑器打开**/etc/ssh/ssh_config**。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config
|
||||
|
||||
现在,我们需要按照下图所示去掉几行注释并进行一些赋值。
|
||||
|
||||
![Configuring sshd Config](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/configuring-sshd_config.png)
|
||||
|
||||
### 4. 重启SSH服务 ###
|
||||
|
||||
最后,在我们配置完SSH服务端后,为了使改动生效我们需要重启SSH服务。在终端或控制台运行以下命令重启。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo service ssh restart
|
||||
|
||||
或
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo /etc/init.d/ssh restart
|
||||
|
||||
![Restarting ssh](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/restarting-ssh.png)
|
||||
|
||||
现在,我们可以试试不用密码仅用密钥对的方式登录ssh服务端了。
|
||||
|
||||
### 总结 ###
|
||||
|
||||
太好了!我们成功的配置了无密码登录SSH。使用加密密钥对进行SSH服务器认证是非常安全的一种做法,如果你想为SSH的单一用户登录实施安全的认证这也是备受推崇的方式。所以,如果你还有什么问题或建议,请在意见框中向我们反馈。很欣慰你能读完,希望你能喜欢加密的SSH安全登录 :-)
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://linoxide.com/ubuntu-how-to/setup-passwordless-ssh-logon-ubuntu-14-04/
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[Arun Pyasi][a]
|
||||
译者:[martin2011qi](https://github.com/martin2011qi)
|
||||
校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://linoxide.com/author/arunp/
|
@ -1,21 +1,21 @@
|
||||
使用backupninja为Debian定制备份计划
|
||||
=======
|
||||
============
|
||||
|
||||
backupninja是Debian系统(以及基于Debian的发行版)中一个强大的、高度可配置的备份软件。在[前一篇文章][1]中,我们探讨了如何安装backupninja以及如何设置两个备份操作并执行。然而,那些只是冰山一角。这一次,我们要讨论如何利用Helper与辅助功能,可以使用这些功能定制策略以完成任何备份需要。
|
||||
backupninja是Debian系统(以及基于Debian的发行版)中一个强大的、高度可配置的备份软件。在[前一篇文章][1]中,我们探讨了如何安装backupninja以及如何设置两个备份操作并执行。然而,那些只是冰山一角。这一次,我们要讨论如何定制 Handler 和 Helper ,使用这些功能定制策略以完成任何备份需要。
|
||||
|
||||
###回顾 backupninja
|
||||
|
||||
backupninja的特点是它完全抛弃纯文本的配置文件/etc/backup.d,软件自己会搞定。另外,我们可以编写自定义脚本(又叫 “handlers”)放在/usr/share/backupninja 目录下来完成不同类型的备份操作。此外,可以通过ninjahelper的基于ncurses的交互式菜单(又叫”helpers")来指导我们创建一些配置文件,使得人工错误率降到最低。
|
||||
backupninja的一个独特的地方是它可以完全抛弃/etc/backup.d中的纯文本配置文件和操作文件,软件自己会搞定。另外,我们可以编写自定义脚本(又叫 “handler”)放在/usr/share/backupninja 目录下来完成不同类型的备份操作。此外,可以通过ninjahelper的基于ncurses的交互式菜单(又叫“helper”)来指导我们创建一些配置文件,使得人工错误降到最低。
|
||||
|
||||
###创建定制的Handler与Helper
|
||||
|
||||
这一节的目标是创建一个脚本,将home目录以**gzip**或**bzip2**压缩包的形式备份起来,不包括音乐与视频文件。我们将这个文件命名为home,将它放在/usr/backup/ninja目录下。
|
||||
|
||||
尽管你可以使用默认的tar handler(参考 /usr/share/backupninja/tar 与 /usr/share/backupninja/tar.helper)来达到这个效果,但是我们使用这种方法来展示如何创建实用的 handler 脚本与基于 ncurses 的 helper。你可以根据你的需求来决定如何运用同样的原则。
|
||||
尽管你可以使用默认的tar handler(参考 /usr/share/backupninja/tar 与 /usr/share/backupninja/tar.helper)来达到这个效果,但是我们使用这种方法来展示如何创建实用的 handler 脚本与基于 ncurses 的 helper。你可以根据你的需求来决定如何运用这里的方法。
|
||||
|
||||
由于 handlers 来源与主脚本,所以无需以#!/bin/bash开始。
|
||||
由于 handlers 来源于主脚本,所以无需以#!/bin/bash开始的释伴行(shebang line)。
|
||||
|
||||
我们推荐的 handler (/usr/share/backupninja/home)如下所示。它带有非常多的注释说明。getconf 功能用来读取备份操作的配置文件。如果你指定了一个变量的值,那么它会覆盖配置文件中对应变量的值:
|
||||
我们编写的 handler (/usr/share/backupninja/home)如下所示。已经详细注释了。getconf 函数用来读取备份操作的配置文件。如果你指定了一个变量的值,那么它会覆盖配置文件中对应变量的值:
|
||||
|
||||
#/home 目录 handler 脚本
|
||||
|
||||
@ -34,25 +34,25 @@ backupninja的特点是它完全抛弃纯文本的配置文件/etc/backup.d,软
|
||||
#不包含 *.mp3 与 *.mp4 文件
|
||||
getconf excludes
|
||||
|
||||
# 默认扩展一打包的备份文件
|
||||
# 要打包备份文件的默认扩展名
|
||||
getconf EXTENSION
|
||||
|
||||
# Absolute path to date binary
|
||||
# tar 程序的绝对路径
|
||||
getconf TAR `which tar`
|
||||
|
||||
# Absolute path to date binary
|
||||
# date 程序的绝对路径
|
||||
getconf DATE `which date`
|
||||
|
||||
# 日期格式
|
||||
DATEFORMAT="%Y-%m-%d"
|
||||
|
||||
# 如果备份目录不存在,以致命错误退出
|
||||
# 如果备份目录不存在,以致命错误退出
|
||||
if [ ! -d "$backupdir" ]
|
||||
then
|
||||
mkdir -p "$backupdir" || fatal "Can not make directory $backupdir"
|
||||
fi
|
||||
|
||||
# 如果备份目录不可写, 同样以致命错误退出
|
||||
# 如果备份目录不可写,同样以致命错误退出
|
||||
if [ ! -w "$backupdir" ]
|
||||
then
|
||||
fatal "Directory $backupdir is not writable"
|
||||
@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ backupninja的特点是它完全抛弃纯文本的配置文件/etc/backup.d,软
|
||||
exclude_options="$exclude_options --exclude $i"
|
||||
done
|
||||
|
||||
# 调试信息, 执行备份操作
|
||||
# 调试信息,执行备份操作
|
||||
debug "Running backup: " $TAR -c -p -v $compress_option $exclude_options \
|
||||
-f "$backupdir/$backupname-"`$DATE "+$DATEFORMAT"`".$EXTENSION" \
|
||||
$includes
|
||||
@ -100,9 +100,9 @@ backupninja的特点是它完全抛弃纯文本的配置文件/etc/backup.d,软
|
||||
|
||||
[ $? -ne 0 ] && fatal "Tar backup failed"
|
||||
|
||||
接下来我们将要创建helper文件 (/usr/share/backupninja/home.helper)这样,hendlers将会以菜单的形式在**ninjahelper**中显示:
|
||||
接下来我们将要创建helper文件(/usr/share/backupninja/home.helper)。这样,hendlers将会以菜单的形式在**ninjahelper**中显示:
|
||||
|
||||
# 备份操作描述. 以下划线分割单词.
|
||||
# 备份操作描述,以下划线分割单词
|
||||
HELPERS="$HELPERS home:backup_of_home_directories"
|
||||
|
||||
home_wizard() {
|
||||
@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ backupninja的特点是它完全抛弃纯文本的配置文件/etc/backup.d,软
|
||||
$home_includes
|
||||
$home_excludes
|
||||
|
||||
# 二进制压缩包,必须为GNU tar
|
||||
# tar 程序的路径,必须为GNU tar
|
||||
TAR `which tar`
|
||||
DATE `which date`
|
||||
DATEFORMAT "%Y-%m-%d"
|
||||
@ -186,19 +186,19 @@ backupninja的特点是它完全抛弃纯文本的配置文件/etc/backup.d,软
|
||||
|
||||
###运行 ninjahelper###
|
||||
|
||||
当创建了名为home的handler脚本以及对应的名为home.helper的helper后,运行ninjahelper命令创建一个新的备份操作。
|
||||
当创建了名为home的handler脚本以及对应的home.helper后,运行ninjahelper命令创建一个新的备份操作。
|
||||
|
||||
#ninjahelper
|
||||
|
||||
选择 create a new backup action(创建一个新的备份操作).
|
||||
选择 create a new backup action(创建一个新的备份操作)。
|
||||
|
||||
![](https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7467/15322605273_90edaa5bc1_z.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
接下来将看到可选的操作类型,这里选择“backup of home directories"(备份home目录);
|
||||
接下来将看到可选的操作类型,这里选择“backup of home directories"(备份home目录):
|
||||
|
||||
![](https://farm9.staticflickr.com/8636/15754955450_f3ef82217b_z.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
接下来会显示在helper中设置的默认值(这里只有3个)。可以编辑文本框中的值。注意,关于”when”变量的语法,参考文档的日程安排章节。
|
||||
然后会显示在helper中设置的默认值(这里只显示了3个)。可以编辑文本框中的值。注意,关于“when”变量的语法,参考文档的日程安排章节。
|
||||
|
||||
![](https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7508/15941578982_24b680e1c3_z.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
@ -210,9 +210,9 @@ backupninja的特点是它完全抛弃纯文本的配置文件/etc/backup.d,软
|
||||
|
||||
![](https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7534/15942239225_bb66dbdb63.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
按回车键显示这个备份操作的选项。因为它非常简单,可所以我们可以随便对它进行一些实验。
|
||||
按回车键显示这个备份操作的选项。因为它非常简单,所以我们可以随便对它进行一些实验。
|
||||
|
||||
注意,“run this action now"(立即运行)选项会不顾日程表安排的时间而立即进行备份操作:
|
||||
注意,“run this action now"(立即运行)选项会不顾日程表安排的时间而立即进行备份操作:
|
||||
|
||||
![](https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7508/15754955470_9af6251096_z.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
@ -220,27 +220,26 @@ backupninja的特点是它完全抛弃纯文本的配置文件/etc/backup.d,软
|
||||
|
||||
![](https://farm9.staticflickr.com/8662/15754955480_487d040fcd_z.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
上面的图片告诉我们,备份操作讲不会成功,因为它所需要链接的远程主机似乎宕机了。另外,在helper文件中指定的目录不存在。当纠正这些问题后,重新开始备份操作。
|
||||
上面的图片告诉我们,用于完成备份操作的连接没有建立,因为它所需要链接的远程主机似乎宕机了。另外,在helper文件中指定的目标目录不存在。当纠正这些问题后,重新开始备份操作。
|
||||
|
||||
需要牢记的事情:
|
||||
|
||||
- 当你新建了一个自定义脚本来处(如foobar)理特殊的备份操作时,那么你还需要编写与之对应的helper(foobar.helper)文件,ninjahelper 将通过它生成名为10.foobar(下一个操作为11,以此类推)的文件,保存在/etc/backup.d目录下,而这个文件才是备份操作的真正的配置文件。
|
||||
- 可以通过ninjahelper设定行备份操作的执行时间,或按照”when”变量中设置的频率来执行。
|
||||
- 当你在/usr/share/backupninja 下新建了一个自定义脚本(如foobar)来处理特殊的备份操作时,那么你还需要编写与之对应的helper(foobar.helper)文件,ninjahelper 将通过它生成名为10.foobar(下一个操作为11,以此类推)的文件,保存在/etc/backup.d目录下,而这个文件才是备份操作的真正的配置文件。
|
||||
- 可以通过ninjahelper设定好备份操作的执行时间,或按照“when”变量中设置的频率来执行。
|
||||
|
||||
###总结###
|
||||
|
||||
在这篇文章中,我们探讨了如何从头创建我们自己的备份操作,以及如何向ninjahelper添加相关的菜单以生成对应的配置文件。通过[上一篇][2]与这一篇文章,我希望我已经给出了足够好的理由让你继续研究,或者至少应该尝试一下。
|
||||
在这篇文章中,我们探讨了如何从头创建我们自己的备份操作,以及如何向ninjahelper添加相关的菜单以生成对应的配置文件。通过[上一篇][1]与这一篇文章,我希望我已经给出了足够好的理由让你继续研究,或者至少应该尝试一下。
|
||||
|
||||
------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://xmodulo.com/create-custom-backup-plan-debian.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[ Gabriel Cánepa][a]
|
||||
译者:[SPccman](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
作者:[Gabriel Cánepa][a]
|
||||
译者:[SPccman](https://github.com/SPccman)
|
||||
校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://xmodulo.com/author/gabriel
|
||||
[1]:http://xmodulo.com/backup-debian-system-backupninja.html
|
||||
[2]:http://xmodulo.com/backup-debian-system-backupninja.html
|
||||
[1]:http://linux.cn/article-5096-1.html
|
@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
|
||||
The VirtualBox 5.0 beta is finally here
|
||||
=======================================
|
||||
**Oracle's desktop virtualization software gets its first major point revision in almost five years, but the changes are more evolutionary than revolutionary.**
|
||||
|
||||
VirtualBox, the open source virtualization system originally created by Sun and now under Oracle's stewardship, has released its first revision to the left of the decimal point in nearly five years.
|
||||
|
||||
Don't expect anything truly revolutionary, though, judging from the release notes for and the behavior of the beta itself. With this release, VirtualBox picks up a bit more polish, both visually and technologically, but its main advantage over VMware remains with its offer of a free incarnation of many of the same core features.
|
||||
|
||||
The last major version of VirtualBox 4.0 was released in December 2010, and it delivered a heavily reworked version of the program with a new GUI, new virtual hardware, and a reorganized project design. But the pace of major releases for the project was slow, with the last major release (version 4.3) arriving in late 2013. Everything since then has been officially designated as a "maintenance" release.
|
||||
|
||||
**VirtualBox 5.0**
|
||||
|
||||
*The first beta of VirtualBox 5.0 adds features like the ability to edit the menus and shortcut icons for VM windows, as shown here.*
|
||||
|
||||
Among the biggest changes for VirtualBox 5.0 is support for more instruction set extensions that run with hardware-assisted virtualization. The AES-NI instruction set, typically used for hardware acceleration of encryption, and the SSE 4.1 and SSE 4.2 instructions sets were included among them. Also new is paravirtualization support for Windows and Linux guests, a new architecture for abstracting host audio, and support for USB 3 (xHCI) controller in guests.
|
||||
|
||||
Most of the usability updates are improvements to the VirtualBox GUI. One big change is the ability to customize the menus and the toolbar for individual virtual machines so that little- or never-used options can be removed entirely. Another major addition is the ability to encrypt virtual volumes from within the VirtualBox interface, rather than relying on the guest OS's own disk-encryption system (assuming it has one).
|
||||
|
||||
Oracle warns that this is beta software and should be treated accordingly. Sure enough, the main GUI and the guest OS windows all sport black-and-red Beta warnings in one corner. But a Windows 10 VM created with the previous VirtualBox release (4.3.26) booted and ran fine, and the 5.0 version of the VirtualBox Guest Additions -- for better video support, bidirectional copy and paste, and other features -- installed without issues. (Fixes to better support Windows 10 have been showing up since version 4.3.18.)
|
||||
|
||||
No word has been given yet on when the final version of 5.0 will be out, but Oracle [encourages users][1] to download and try out the beta -- in a nonproduction environment -- and file bug reports with their [beta feedback forum][2].
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.infoworld.com/article/2905098/virtualization/oracle-virtualbox-5-0-beta-is-finally-here.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[Serdar Yegulalp][a]
|
||||
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.infoworld.com/author/Serdar-Yegulalp/
|
||||
[1]:https://forums.virtualbox.org/viewtopic.php?f=15&t=66904
|
||||
[2]:https://forums.virtualbox.org/viewforum.php?f=15
|
@ -1,116 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Translating by FSSlc
|
||||
|
||||
Chess in a Few Bytes
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
I am showing my age by mentioning that my introduction to computing was a ZX81, a home computer produced by a UK developer (Sinclair Research) which had a whopping 1KB of RAM. The 1KB is not a typographical error, the home computer really shipped with a mere 1KB of onboard memory. But this memory limitation did not prevent enthusiasts producing a huge variety of software. In fact the machine sparked a generation of programming wizards who were forced to get to grips with its workings. The machine was upgradable with a 16KB RAM pack which offered so many more coding possibilities. But the unexpanded 1KB machine still inspired programmers to release remarkable software.
|
||||
|
||||
![1K ZX Chess ](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content2/reviews/Games2/1KZXChess.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
My favourite ZX81 games were Flight Simulation, 3D Monster Maze, Galaxians, and above all 1K ZX Chess. Only the latter was written for the unexpanded ZX81. In fact, David Horne's 1K ZX Chess was coded in a mere 672 bytes of RAM. However, the game managed to implement most chess rules, and offer a computer opponent. While some important rules were omitted (castling, pawn promotion, and en passant capture), it was still amazing to be able to play against artificial intelligence. The game took up a fair chunk of my misspent youth.
|
||||
|
||||
1K ZX Chess remained the smallest implementation of chess on any computer for 33 years until the record was broken by BootChess this year, and subsequently by Toledo AtomChess. These three games do not implement all of the chess rules, so for completeness I have included my favourite small implementation of chess that implements a complete set of chess rules.
|
||||
|
||||
Linux has a good range of extremely strong chess engines such as Stockfish, Critter, Togo II, Crafty, GNU Chess, and Komodo. The chess engines featured in this article offer no match to a good chess engine, but they show how much can be achieved with a minuscule codebase.
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content2/png/ToledoAtomchess.png)
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games2/Screenshot-Toledo.png)
|
||||
|
||||
You may have seen a considerable amount of press coverage about BootChess, a chess program written in 487 bytes of code, smashing the record of the then smallest chess program, 1K ZX Chess. Óscar Toledo Gutiérrez took up the mantle and decided to code an even more compact chess game. Toledo Atomchess is a mere 481 bytes of x86 assembly code which fits in a boot sector. The engine plays a reasonable game of chess given the limitations of its incredibly small codebase.
|
||||
|
||||
Features include:
|
||||
|
||||
- Basic chess movements
|
||||
- ASCII text representation of chess board
|
||||
- Moves are entered in algebraic form
|
||||
- Search depth of 3-ply
|
||||
|
||||
Obviously, to fit the chess of game into 481 bytes, the author had to make some sacrifices. These limitations include:
|
||||
|
||||
- No promotion of pawns
|
||||
- No castling
|
||||
- No en passant
|
||||
- No move validation
|
||||
|
||||
The author has also written chess programs in C, JavaScript and Java; each are very small implementations of chess.
|
||||
|
||||
- Website: [nanochess.org/chess6.html][1]
|
||||
- Developer: Óscar Toledo Gutiérrez
|
||||
- License: Free for non-commercial use
|
||||
- Version Number: -
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content2/png/BootChess.png)
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games2/Screenshot-BootChess.png)
|
||||
|
||||
BootChess is an extremely small computer implementation of chess. The game is crammed into a mere 487 bytes and runs on Windows, Mac OS X and Linux operating systems. The board and pieces of BootChess are represented by text alone, with P representing pawns, Q used for the queens and full stops entered for empty squares.
|
||||
|
||||
Features include:
|
||||
|
||||
- Graphic text representation of chess board and use input
|
||||
- Bootsector sized (512 bytes) with a playable chess game
|
||||
- x86 bios hardware only bootstrap (no software dependencies)
|
||||
- All main legal moves including double square pawn start
|
||||
- Pawn promotion to queen (contrary to 1k ZX Chess)
|
||||
- CPU artificial intelligence called taxiMax > minMax half-ply
|
||||
- Hard-coded Spanish white pieces opening
|
||||
|
||||
Again, there are some important limitations. Omissions include:
|
||||
|
||||
- Under-promotion
|
||||
- En passant pawn capture
|
||||
- No castling
|
||||
- 3-repetition rule
|
||||
- 50 move draw rule
|
||||
- No opening or closing books
|
||||
- One or more minMax/negaMax full plies for artificial intelligence
|
||||
|
||||
- Website: [www.pouet.net/prod.php?which=64962][2]
|
||||
- Developer: Olivier "Baudsurfer/RSi" Poudade
|
||||
- License: WTFPL v2
|
||||
- Version Number: .02
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content2/png/Micro-Max.png)
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games2/Screenshot-Micro-Max.png)
|
||||
|
||||
Micro-Max is a 133-line chess source which is written in C
|
||||
|
||||
The author has implemented a (hash) transposition table, the engine checks the legality of the input moves, and full FIDE rules except for for under-promotions.
|
||||
|
||||
Features include:
|
||||
|
||||
- Recursive negamax search
|
||||
- Quiescence search with recaptures
|
||||
- Recapture extensions
|
||||
- Iterative deepening
|
||||
- Best-move-first 'sorting'
|
||||
- Hash table storing score and best move
|
||||
- Full FIDE rules (except under promotion) and move-legality checking
|
||||
|
||||
There is also a stripped-down 1433-character version, but allowing you to play under-promotions for full FIDE-rule compliance.
|
||||
|
||||
- Website: [home.hccnet.nl/h.g.muller/max-src2.html][3]
|
||||
- Developer: Harm Geert Muller
|
||||
- License: The MIT License
|
||||
- Version Number: 3.2
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20150222033906262/ChessBytes.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者:Frazer Kline
|
||||
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://nanochess.org/chess6.html
|
||||
[2]:http://www.pouet.net/prod.php?which=64962
|
||||
[3]:http://home.hccnet.nl/h.g.muller/max-src2.html
|
@ -1,110 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Mydumper – Mysql Database Backup tool
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Mydumper is a tool used for backing up MySQL database servers much faster than the mysqldump tool distributed with MySQL. It also has the capability to retrieve the binary logs from the remote server at the same time as the dump itself.
|
||||
|
||||
### Mydumper advantages ###
|
||||
|
||||
o Parallelism (hence, speed) and performance (avoids expensive character set conversion routines, efficient code overall)
|
||||
|
||||
o Easier to manage output (separate files for tables, dump metadata,etc, easy to view/parse data)
|
||||
|
||||
o Consistency -- maintains snapshot across all threads, provides accurate master and slave log positions, etc
|
||||
|
||||
o Manageability -- supports PCRE for specifying database and tables inclusions and exclusions
|
||||
|
||||
### Install mydumper on ubuntu ###
|
||||
|
||||
Open the terminal and run the following command
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install mydumper
|
||||
|
||||
### Using Mydumper ###
|
||||
|
||||
#### Syntax ####
|
||||
|
||||
mydumper [options]
|
||||
|
||||
Application Options:
|
||||
|
||||
- -B, --database Database to dump
|
||||
- -T, --tables-list Comma delimited table list to dump (does not exclude regex option)
|
||||
- -o, --outputdir Directory to output files to
|
||||
- -s, --statement-size Attempted size of INSERT statement in bytes, default 1000000
|
||||
- -r, --rows Try to split tables into chunks of this many rows
|
||||
- -c, --compress Compress output files
|
||||
- -e, --build-empty-files Build dump files even if no data available from table
|
||||
- -x, --regex Regular expression for ‘db.table' matching
|
||||
- -i, --ignore-engines Comma delimited list of storage engines to ignore
|
||||
- -m, --no-schemas Do not dump table schemas with the data
|
||||
- -k, --no-locks Do not execute the temporary shared read lock. WARNING: This will cause inconsistent backups
|
||||
- -l, --long-query-guard Set long query timer in seconds, default 60
|
||||
- --kill-long-queries Kill long running queries (instead of aborting)
|
||||
- -b, --binlogs Get a snapshot of the binary logs as well as dump data
|
||||
- -D, --daemon Enable daemon mode
|
||||
- -I, --snapshot-interval Interval between each dump snapshot (in minutes), requires --daemon, default 60
|
||||
- -L, --logfile Log file name to use, by default stdout is used
|
||||
- -h, --host The host to connect to
|
||||
- -u, --user Username with privileges to run the dump
|
||||
- -p, --password User password
|
||||
- -P, --port TCP/IP port to connect to
|
||||
- -S, --socket UNIX domain socket file to use for connection
|
||||
- -t, --threads Number of threads to use, default 4
|
||||
- -C, --compress-protocol Use compression on the MySQL connection
|
||||
- -V, --version Show the program version and exit
|
||||
- -v, --verbose Verbosity of output, 0 = silent, 1 = errors, 2 = warnings, 3 = info, default 2
|
||||
|
||||
#### Mydumper Example ####
|
||||
|
||||
mydumper \
|
||||
--database=$DB_NAME \
|
||||
--host=$DB_HOST \
|
||||
--user=$DB_USER \
|
||||
--password=$DB_PASS \
|
||||
--outputdir=$DB_DUMP \
|
||||
--rows=500000 \
|
||||
--compress \
|
||||
--build-empty-files \
|
||||
--threads=2 \
|
||||
--compress-protocol
|
||||
|
||||
Description of Mydumper's output data
|
||||
|
||||
Mydumper does not output to files, but rather to files in a directory. The --outputdir option specifies the name of the directory to use.
|
||||
|
||||
The output is two parts
|
||||
|
||||
Schema
|
||||
|
||||
For each table in the database, a file containing the CREATE TABLE statement will be created. It will be named:
|
||||
|
||||
dbname.tablename-schema.sql.gz
|
||||
|
||||
Data
|
||||
|
||||
For each table with number of rows above the --rows parameter, you will have a file called:
|
||||
|
||||
dbname.tablename.0000n.sql.gz
|
||||
|
||||
Where "n" starts with 0 up to the number of.
|
||||
|
||||
If you want to restore these backup you can use Myloader
|
||||
|
||||
myloader \
|
||||
--database=$DB_NAME \
|
||||
--directory=$DB_DUMP \
|
||||
--queries-per-transaction=50000 \
|
||||
--threads=10 \
|
||||
--compress-protocol \
|
||||
--verbose=3
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.ubuntugeek.com/mydumper-mysql-database-backup-tool.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[ruchi][a]
|
||||
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.ubuntugeek.com/author/ubuntufix
|
@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
|
||||
Translating by H-mudcup
|
||||
Picty: Managing Photos Made Easy
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
![](http://1102047360.rsc.cdn77.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/picty_002-790x429.png)
|
||||
@ -99,4 +100,4 @@ via: http://www.unixmen.com/picty-managing-photos-made-easy/
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.unixmen.com/author/sk/
|
||||
[1]:http://groups.google.com/group/pictyphotomanager
|
||||
[1]:http://groups.google.com/group/pictyphotomanager
|
||||
|
@ -1,87 +0,0 @@
|
||||
How to Install Cherokee Lightweight Web Server on Ubuntu 14.04
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
**Cherokee** is an free and open source high performance, lightweight, full-featured web server and running on major platform (Linux, Mac OS X, Solaris, and BSD). It is compatible with TLS/SSL,FastCGI, SCGI, PHP, uWSGI, SSI, CGI, LDAP, HTTP proxying, video streaming, content caching, traffic shaping, virtual hosts, Apache compatible log files, and load balancing.
|
||||
|
||||
Today we'll explains how to install and configure the Light Weight Cherokeeweb server on Ubuntu Server edition 14.04 LTS (Trusty) and should also work with 12.04, 12.10 and 13. 04, just skip the modification of source list.
|
||||
|
||||
Step by step install and configure the Cherokee web server on Ubuntu Server edition
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. Updating Ubuntu Package Index ###
|
||||
|
||||
First, Login into Ubuntu Server and make sure your ubuntu server update, run the following commands one by one, and install any available updates:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get update
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get upgrade
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. Adding PPA ###
|
||||
|
||||
Add the PPA cherokee webserver. by running the following commands
|
||||
|
||||
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:cherokee-webserver
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get update
|
||||
|
||||
Now, only for servers running Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (Trusty) follow this step below
|
||||
|
||||
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d
|
||||
|
||||
nano cherokee-webserver-ppa-trusty.list
|
||||
|
||||
replace:
|
||||
|
||||
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/cherokee-webserver/ppa/ubuntu trusty main
|
||||
|
||||
to:
|
||||
|
||||
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/cherokee-webserver/ppa/ubuntu saucy main
|
||||
|
||||
**then again run:**
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get update
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. Installing Cherokee Web Server using apt-get ###
|
||||
|
||||
Enter the following command to install the Cherokee web server including Module SSL
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install cherokee cherokee-admin cherokee-doc libcherokee-mod-libssl libcherokee-mod-streaming libcherokee-mod-rrd
|
||||
|
||||
### 4. Configuring Cherokee ###
|
||||
|
||||
sudo service cherokee start
|
||||
|
||||
The best part about using its Web Server is being able to manage all of its configurations through a simple to use web interface. This interface, known as cherokee-admin, is the recommended means of administering cherokee web server through web browser. Start cherokee-admin by running the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo cherokee-admin
|
||||
|
||||
**Note: The cherokee-admin will display the administration user name, One-time Password and administration web interface.**
|
||||
|
||||
**Note down your One-Time password. You will need this when you login to its admin web interface.**
|
||||
|
||||
By default, cherokee-admin can only accessed from localhost. If you need to access the admin for other network address using the parameter ‘**-b**’. If you doesn’t mention any ip address, it will automatically listen to all network interfaces. Then you can connect to cherokee-admin from other network address.
|
||||
|
||||
sudo cherokee-admin -b
|
||||
|
||||
If you need to access its admin from specific network address
|
||||
|
||||
sudo cherokee-admin -b 192.168.1.102
|
||||
|
||||
### 5. Browse your Cherokee Admin Panel ###
|
||||
|
||||
Now you can access the administration panel from you favorite browser by typing http://hostname_or_IP:9090/ for me its http://127.0.0.1:9090/, it will appear on your browser like this:
|
||||
|
||||
![cherokee-admin-panel](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/cherokee-admin.png)
|
||||
|
||||
Hurray, we have successfully installed and configured Cherokee Web Server in our Ubuntu Server.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://linoxide.com/ubuntu-how-to/install-cherokee-lightweight-web-server-ubuntu-14-04/
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[Arun Pyasi][a]
|
||||
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://linoxide.com/author/arunp/
|
@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
|
||||
FSSlc translating
|
||||
|
||||
How to Remember and Restore Running Applications on Next Logon
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
You have made some apps running in your Ubuntu and don't want to stop the process, just managed your windows and opened your stuffs needed to work. Then, something else demands your attention or you have battery low in your machine and you have to shut down. No worries. You can have Ubuntu remember all your running applications and restore them the next time you log in.
|
||||
@ -94,4 +96,4 @@ via: http://linoxide.com/ubuntu-how-to/remember-running-applications-ubuntu/
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://linoxide.com/author/arunp/
|
||||
[a]:http://linoxide.com/author/arunp/
|
||||
|
@ -1,79 +0,0 @@
|
||||
How to Bind Apache Tomcat to IPv4 in Centos / Redhat
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Hi all, today we'll learn how to bind tomcat to ipv4 in CentOS 7 Linux Distribution.
|
||||
|
||||
**Apache Tomcat** is an open source web server and servlet container developed by the [Apache Software Foundation][1]. It implements the Java Servlet, JavaServer Pages (JSP), Java Unified Expression Language and Java WebSocket specifications from Sun Microsystems and provides a web server environment for Java code to run in.
|
||||
|
||||
Binding Tomcat to IPv4 is necessary if we have our server not working due to the default binding of our tomcat server to IPv6. As we know IPv6 is the modern way of assigning IP address to a device and is not in complete practice these days but may come into practice in soon future. So, currently we don't need to switch our tomcat server to IPv6 due to no use and we should bind it to IPv4.
|
||||
|
||||
Before thinking to bind to IPv4, we should make sure that we've got tomcat installed in our CentOS 7. Here's is a quick tutorial on [how to install tomcat 8 in CentOS 7.0 Server][2].
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. Switching to user tomcat ###
|
||||
|
||||
First of all, we'll gonna switch user to **tomcat** user. We can do that by running **su - tomcat** in a shell or terminal.
|
||||
|
||||
# su - tomcat
|
||||
|
||||
![Switch user to tomcat](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/switch-user-tomcat.png)
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. Finding Catalina.sh ###
|
||||
|
||||
Now, we'll First Go to bin directory inside the directory of Apache Tomcat installation which is usually under **/usr/share/apache-tomcat-8.0.x/bin/** where x is sub version of the Apache Tomcat Release. In my case, its **/usr/share/apache-tomcat-8.0.18/bin/** as I have version 8.0.18 installed in my CentOS 7 Server.
|
||||
|
||||
$ cd /usr/share/apache-tomcat-8.0.18/bin
|
||||
|
||||
**Note: Please replace 8.0.18 to the version of Apache Tomcat installed in your system. **
|
||||
|
||||
Inside the bin folder, there is a script file named catalina.sh . Thats the script file which we'll gonna edit and add a line of configuration which will bind tomcat to IPv4 . You can see that file by running **ls** into a terminal or shell.
|
||||
|
||||
$ ls
|
||||
|
||||
![finding catalina.sh](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/finding-catalina.sh_.png)
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. Configuring Catalina.sh ###
|
||||
|
||||
Now, we'll add **JAVA_OPTS= "$JAVA_OPTS -Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=true -Djava.net.preferIPv4Addresses"** to that scripting file catalina.sh at the end of the file as shown in the figure below. We can edit the file using our favorite text editing software like nano, vim, etc. Here, we'll gonna use nano.
|
||||
|
||||
$ nano catalina.sh
|
||||
|
||||
![Catalina script](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/catalina-script.png)
|
||||
|
||||
Then, add to the file as shown below:
|
||||
|
||||
**JAVA_OPTS= "$JAVA_OPTS -Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=true -Djava.net.preferIPv4Addresses"**
|
||||
|
||||
![configured catalina](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/configured-catalina.png)
|
||||
|
||||
Now, as we've added the configuration to the file, we'll now save and exit nano.
|
||||
|
||||
### 4. Restarting ###
|
||||
|
||||
Now, we'll restart our tomcat server to get our configuration working. We'll need to first execute shutdown.sh and then startup.sh .
|
||||
|
||||
$ ./shutdown.sh
|
||||
|
||||
Now, well run execute startup.sh as:
|
||||
|
||||
$ ./startup.sh
|
||||
|
||||
![restarting apache tomcat server](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/restarting-tomcat-server.png)
|
||||
|
||||
This will restart our tomcat server and the configuration will be loaded which will ultimately bind the server to IPv4.
|
||||
|
||||
### Conclusion ###
|
||||
|
||||
Hurray, finally we'have got our tomcat server bind to IPv4 running in our CentOS 7 Linux Distribution. Binding to IPv4 is easy and is necessary if your Tomcat server is bind to IPv6 which will infact will make your tomcat server not working as IPv6 is not used these days and may come into practice in coming future. If you have any questions, comments, feedback please do write on the comment box below and let us know what stuffs needs to be added or improved. Thank You! Enjoy :-)
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://linoxide.com/linux-how-to/bind-apache-tomcat-ipv4-centos/
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[Arun Pyasi][a]
|
||||
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://linoxide.com/author/arunp/
|
||||
[1]:http://www.apache.org/
|
||||
[2]:http://linoxide.com/linux-how-to/install-tomcat-8-centos-7/
|
@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
|
||||
[boredivan翻译中]
|
||||
How To Scan And Check A WordPress Website Security Using WPScan, Nmap, And Nikto
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
### Introduction ###
|
||||
@ -421,4 +422,4 @@ via: http://www.unixmen.com/scan-check-wordpress-website-security-using-wpscan-n
|
||||
[4]:http://www.unixmen.com/install-nikto-web-scanner-check-vulnerabilities
|
||||
[5]:https://cirt.net/nikto/
|
||||
[6]:http://osvdb.org/
|
||||
[7]:http://www.unixmen.com/secure-wordpress-website/
|
||||
[7]:http://www.unixmen.com/secure-wordpress-website/
|
||||
|
@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
|
||||
translating by KayGuoWhu
|
||||
Enjoy Android Apps on Ubuntu using ARChon Runtime
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Before, we gave try to many android app emulating tools like Genymotion, Virtualbox, Android SDK, etc to try to run android apps on it. But, with this new Chrome Android Runtime, we are able to run Android Apps on our Chrome Browser. So, here are the steps we'll need to follow to install Android Apps on Ubuntu using ARChon Runtime.
|
||||
|
@ -1,298 +0,0 @@
|
||||
theo-l translating
|
||||
|
||||
How to Limit the Network Bandwidth Used by Applications in a Linux System with Trickle
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Have you ever encountered situations where one application dominated you all network bandwidth? If you have ever been in a situation where one application ate all your traffic, then you will value the role of the trickle bandwidth shaper application. Either you are a system admin or just a Linux user, you need to learn how to control the upload and download speeds for applications to make sure that your network bandwidth is not burned by a single application.
|
||||
|
||||
![Install Trickle Bandwidth Limit in Linux](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Bandwidth-limit-trickle.png)
|
||||
Install Trickle Bandwidth Limit in Linux
|
||||
|
||||
### What is Trickle? ###
|
||||
|
||||
Trickle is a network bandwidth shaper tool that allows us to manage the upload and download speeds of applications in order to prevent any single one of them to hog all (or most) of the available bandwidth. In few words, trickle lets you control the network traffic rate on a per-application basis, as opposed to per-user control, which is the classic example of bandwidth shaping in a client-server environment, and is probably the setup we are more familiar with.
|
||||
|
||||
### How Trickle Works? ###
|
||||
|
||||
In addition, trickle can help us to define priorities on a per-application basis, so that when overall limits have been set for the entire system, priority apps will still get more bandwidth automatically. To accomplish this task, trickle sets traffic limits to the way in which data is sent to, and received from, sockets using TCP connections. We must note that, other than the data transfer rates, trickle does not modify in any way the behavior of the process it is shaping at any given moment.
|
||||
|
||||
### What Can’t Trickle do? ###
|
||||
|
||||
The only limitation, so to speak, is that trickle will not work with statically linked applications or binaries with the SUID or SGID bits set since it uses dynamic linking and loading to place itself between the shaped process and its associated network socket. Trickle then acts as a proxy between these two software components.
|
||||
|
||||
Since trickle does not require superuser privileges in order to run, users can set their own traffic limits. Since this may not be desirable, we will explore how to set overall limits that system users cannot exceed. In other words, users will still be able to manage their traffic rates, but always within the boundaries set by the system administrator.
|
||||
|
||||
In this article we will explain how to limit the network bandwidth used by applications in a Linux server with trickle. To generate the necessary traffic, we will use ncftpput and ncftpget (both tools are available by installing ncftp) on the client (CentOS 7 server – dev1: 192.168.0.17), and vsftpd on the server (Debian Wheezy 7.5 – dev2: 192.168.0.15) for demonstration purposes. The same instructions also works on RedHat, Fedora and Ubuntu based systems.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Prerequisites ####
|
||||
|
||||
1. For RHEL/CentOS 7/6, [enable the EPEL repository][1]. Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux (EPEL) is a repository of high-quality free and open-source software maintained by the Fedora project and is 100% compatible with its spinoffs, such as Red Hat Enterprise Linux and CentOS. Both trickle and ncftp are made available from this repository.
|
||||
|
||||
2. Install ncftp as follows:
|
||||
|
||||
# yum update && sudo yum install ncftp [On RedHat based systems]
|
||||
# aptitude update && aptitude install ncftp [On Debian based systems]
|
||||
|
||||
3. Set up a FTP server in a separate server. Please note that although FTP is inherently insecure, it is still widely used in cases when security in uploading or downloading files is not needed. We are using it in this article to illustrate the bounties of trickle and because it shows the transfer rates in stdout on the client, and we will leave the discussion of whether it should or should not be used for another date and time :).
|
||||
|
||||
# yum update && yum install vsftpd [On RedHat based systems]
|
||||
# aptitude update && aptitude install vsftpd [On Debian based systems]
|
||||
|
||||
Now, edit the /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf file on the FTP server as follows:
|
||||
|
||||
anonymous_enable=NO
|
||||
local_enable=YES
|
||||
chroot_local_user=YES
|
||||
allow_writeable_chroot=YES
|
||||
|
||||
After that, make sure to start vsftpd for your current session and to enable it for automatic start on future boots:
|
||||
|
||||
# systemctl start vsftpd [For systemd-based systems]
|
||||
# systemctl enable vsftpd
|
||||
# service vsftpd start [For init-based systems]
|
||||
# chkconfig vsftpd on
|
||||
|
||||
4. If you chose to set up the FTP server in a CentOS/RHEL 7 droplet with SSH keys for remote access, you will need a password-protected user account with the appropriate directory and file permissions for uploading and downloading the desired content OUTSIDE root’s home directory.
|
||||
|
||||
You can then browse to your home directory by entering the following URL in your browser. A login window will pop up prompting you for a valid user account and password on the FTP server.
|
||||
|
||||
ftp://192.168.0.15
|
||||
|
||||
If the authentication succeeds, you will see the contents of your home directory. Later in this tutorial you will be able to refresh that page to display the files that have been uploaded during previous steps.
|
||||
|
||||
![FTP Directory Tree](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/FTP-Directory-Tree.png)
|
||||
FTP Directory Tree
|
||||
|
||||
### How to Install Trickle in Linux ###
|
||||
|
||||
1. Install trickle via yum or aptitude.
|
||||
|
||||
To ensure a successful installation, it is considered good practice to make sure the currently installed packages are up-to-date (using yum update) before installing the tool itself.
|
||||
|
||||
# yum -y update && yum install trickle [On RedHat based systems]
|
||||
# aptitude -y update && aptitude install trickle [On Debian based systems]
|
||||
|
||||
2. Verify whether trickle will work with the desired binary.
|
||||
|
||||
As we explained earlier, trickle will only work with binaries using dynamic, or shared, libraries. To verify whether we can use this tool with a certain application, we can use the well-known ldd utility, where ldd stands for list dynamic dependencies. Specifically, we will look for the presence of glibc (the GNU C library) in the list of dynamic dependencies of any given program because it is precisely that library which defines the system calls involved in communication through sockets.
|
||||
|
||||
Run the following command against a given binary to see if trickle can be used to shape its bandwidth:
|
||||
|
||||
# ldd $(which [binary]) | grep libc.so
|
||||
|
||||
For example,
|
||||
|
||||
# ldd $(which ncftp) | grep libc.so
|
||||
|
||||
whose output is:
|
||||
|
||||
# libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x00007efff2e6c000)
|
||||
|
||||
The string between brackets in the output may change from system to system and even between subsequent runs of the same command, since it represents the load address of the library in physical memory.
|
||||
|
||||
If the above command does not return any results, it means that the binary it was run against does not use libc and thus trickle cannot be used as bandwidth shaper in that case.
|
||||
|
||||
### Learn How to Use Trickle ###
|
||||
|
||||
The most basic usage of trickle is in standalone mode. Using this approach, trickle is used to explicitly define the download and upload speeds of a given application. As we explained earlier, for the sake of brevity, we will use the same application for download and upload tests.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Running Trickle in Standalone Mode ####
|
||||
|
||||
We will compare the download and upload speeds with and without using trickle. The -d option indicates the download speed in KB/s, while the -u flag tells trickle to limit the upload speed by the same unit. In addition, we will use the -s flag, which specifies that trickle should run in standalone mode.
|
||||
|
||||
The basic syntax to run trickle in standalone mode is as follows:
|
||||
|
||||
# trickle -s -d [download rate in KB/s] -u [upload rate in KB/s]
|
||||
|
||||
In order to perform the following examples on your own, make sure to have trickle and ncftp installed on the client machine (192.168.0.17 in my case).
|
||||
|
||||
**Example 1: Uploading a 2.8 MB PDF file with and without trickle.**
|
||||
|
||||
We are using the freely-distributable Linux Fundamentals PDF file (available from [here][2]) for the following tests.
|
||||
|
||||
You can initially download this file to your current working directory with the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
# wget http://linux-training.be/files/books/LinuxFun.pdf
|
||||
|
||||
The syntax to upload a file to our FTP server without trickle is as follows:
|
||||
|
||||
# ncftpput -u username -p password 192.168.0.15 /remote_directory local-filename
|
||||
|
||||
Where /remote_directory is the path of the upload directory relative to username’s home, and local-filename is a file in your current working directory.
|
||||
|
||||
Specifically, without trickle we get a peak upload speed of 52.02 MB/s (please note that this is not the real average upload speed, but an instant starting peak), and the file gets uploaded almost instantly:
|
||||
|
||||
# ncftpput -u username -p password 192.168.0.15 /testdir LinuxFun.pdf
|
||||
|
||||
Output:
|
||||
|
||||
LinuxFun.pdf: 2.79 MB 52.02 MB/s
|
||||
|
||||
With trickle, we will limit the upload transfer rate at 5 KB/s. Before uploading the file for the second time, we need to delete it from the destination directory; otherwise, ncftp will inform us that the file at the destination directory is the same that we are trying to upload, and will not perform the transfer:
|
||||
|
||||
# rm /absolute/path/to/destination/directory/LinuxFun.pdf
|
||||
|
||||
Then:
|
||||
|
||||
# trickle -s -u 5 ncftpput -u username -p password 111.111.111.111 /testdir LinuxFun.pdf
|
||||
|
||||
Output:
|
||||
|
||||
LinuxFun.pdf: 2.79 MB 4.94 kB/s
|
||||
|
||||
In the example above, we can see that the average upload speed dropped to ~5 KB/s.
|
||||
|
||||
**Example 2: Downloading the same 2.8 MB PDF file with and without trickle**
|
||||
|
||||
First, remember to delete the PDF from the original source directory:
|
||||
|
||||
# rm /absolute/path/to/source/directory/LinuxFun.pdf
|
||||
|
||||
Please note that the following cases will download the remote file to the current directory in the client machine. This fact is indicated by the period (‘.‘) that appears after the IP address of the FTP server.
|
||||
|
||||
Without trickle:
|
||||
|
||||
# ncftpget -u username -p password 111.111.111.111 . /testdir/LinuxFun.pdf
|
||||
|
||||
Output:
|
||||
|
||||
LinuxFun.pdf: 2.79 MB 260.53 MB/s
|
||||
|
||||
With trickle, limiting the download speed at 20 KB/s:
|
||||
|
||||
# trickle -s -d 30 ncftpget -u username -p password 111.111.111.111 . /testdir/LinuxFun.pdf
|
||||
|
||||
Output:
|
||||
|
||||
LinuxFun.pdf: 2.79 MB 17.76 kB/s
|
||||
|
||||
### Running Trickle in Supervised [unmanaged] Mode ###
|
||||
|
||||
Trickle can also run in unmanaged mode, following a series of parameters defined in /etc/trickled.conf. This file defines how trickled (the daemon) behaves and manages trickle.
|
||||
|
||||
In addition, if we want to set global settings to be used, overall, by all applications, we will need to use the trickled command. This command runs the daemon and allows us to define download and upload limits that will be shared by all the applications run through trickle without us needing to specify limits each time.
|
||||
|
||||
For example, running:
|
||||
|
||||
# trickled -d 50 -u 10
|
||||
|
||||
Will cause that the download and upload speeds of any application run through trickle be limited to 30 KB/s and 10 KB/s, respectively.
|
||||
|
||||
Please note that you can check at any time whether trickled is running and with what arguments:
|
||||
|
||||
# ps -ef | grep trickled | grep -v grep
|
||||
|
||||
Output:
|
||||
|
||||
root 16475 1 0 Dec24 ? 00:00:04 trickled -d 50 -u 10
|
||||
|
||||
**Example 3: Uploading a 19 MB mp4 file to our FTP server using with and without trickle.**
|
||||
|
||||
In this example we will use the freely-distributable “He is the gift” video, available for download from [this link][3].
|
||||
|
||||
We will initially download this file to your current working directory with the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
# wget http://media2.ldscdn.org/assets/missionary/our-people-2014/2014-00-1460-he-is-the-gift-360p-eng.mp4
|
||||
|
||||
First off, we will start the trickled daemon with the command listed above:
|
||||
|
||||
# trickled -d 30 -u 10
|
||||
|
||||
Without trickle:
|
||||
|
||||
# ncftpput -u username -p password 192.168.0.15 /testdir 2014-00-1460-he-is-the-gift-360p-eng.mp4
|
||||
|
||||
Output:
|
||||
|
||||
2014-00-1460-he-is-the-gift-360p-eng.mp4: 18.53 MB 36.31 MB/s
|
||||
|
||||
With trickle:
|
||||
|
||||
# trickle ncftpput -u username -p password 192.168.0.15 /testdir 2014-00-1460-he-is-the-gift-360p-eng.mp4
|
||||
|
||||
Output:
|
||||
|
||||
2014-00-1460-he-is-the-gift-360p-eng.mp4: 18.53 MB 9.51 kB/s
|
||||
|
||||
As we can see in the output above, the upload transfer rate dropped to ~10 KB/s.
|
||||
|
||||
**Example 4: Downloading the same video with and without trickle**
|
||||
|
||||
As in Example 2, we will be downloading the file to the current working directory.
|
||||
|
||||
Without trickle:
|
||||
|
||||
# ncftpget -u username -p password 192.168.0.15 . /testdir/2014-00-1460-he-is-the-gift-360p-eng.mp4
|
||||
|
||||
Output:
|
||||
|
||||
2014-00-1460-he-is-the-gift-360p-eng.mp4: 18.53 MB 108.34 MB/s
|
||||
|
||||
With trickle:
|
||||
|
||||
# trickle ncftpget -u username -p password 111.111.111.111 . /testdir/2014-00-1460-he-is-the-gift-360p-eng.mp4
|
||||
|
||||
Output:
|
||||
|
||||
2014-00-1460-he-is-the-gift-360p-eng.mp4: 18.53 MB 29.28 kB/s
|
||||
|
||||
Which is in accordance with the download limit set earlier (30 KB/s).
|
||||
|
||||
**Note:** That once the daemon has been started, there is no need to set individual limits for each application that uses trickle.
|
||||
|
||||
As we mentioned earlier, one can further customize trickle’s bandwidth shaping through trickled.conf. A typical section in this file consists of the following:
|
||||
|
||||
[service]
|
||||
Priority = <value>
|
||||
Time-Smoothing = <value>
|
||||
Length-Smoothing = <value>
|
||||
|
||||
Where,
|
||||
|
||||
- [service] indicates the name of the application whose bandwidth usage we intend to shape.
|
||||
- Priority allows us to specify a service to have a higher priority relative to another, thus not allowing a single application to hog all the bandwidth which the daemon is managing. The lower the number, the more bandwidth that is assigned to [service].
|
||||
- Time-Smoothing [in seconds]: defines with what time intervals trickled will try to let the application transfer and / or receive data. Smaller values (something between the range of 0.1 – 1s) are ideal for interactive applications and will result in a more continuous (smooth) session while slightly larger values (1 – 10 s) are better for applications that need bulk transfer. If no value is specified, the default (5 s) is used.
|
||||
- Length-Smoothing [in KB]: the idea is the same as in Time-Smoothing, but based on the length of an I/O operation. If no value is specified, the default (10 KB) is used.
|
||||
|
||||
Changing the smoothing values will translate into the application specified by [service] using transfer rates within an interval instead of a fixed value. Unfortunately, there is no formula to calculate the lower and upper limits of this interval as it mainly depends of each specific case scenario.
|
||||
|
||||
The following is a trickled.conf sample file in the CentOS 7 client (192.168.0.17):
|
||||
|
||||
[ssh]
|
||||
Priority = 1
|
||||
Time-Smoothing = 0.1
|
||||
Length-Smoothing = 2
|
||||
|
||||
[ftp]
|
||||
Priority = 2
|
||||
Time-Smoothing = 1
|
||||
Length-Smoothing = 3
|
||||
|
||||
Using this setup, trickled will prioritize SSH connections over FTP transfers. Note that an interactive process, such as SSH, uses smaller time-smoothing values, whereas a service that performs bulk data transfers (FTP) uses a greater value. The smoothing values are responsible for the download and upload speeds in our previous example not matching the exact value specified by the trickled daemon but moving in an interval close to it.
|
||||
|
||||
### Conclusion ###
|
||||
|
||||
In this article we have explored how to limit the bandwidth used by applications using trickle on Fedora-based distributions and Debian / derivatives. Other possible use cases include, but are not limited to:
|
||||
|
||||
- Limiting the download speed via a system utility such as [wget][4], or a torrent client, for example.
|
||||
- Limiting the speed at which your system can be updated via `[yum][5]` (or `[aptitude][6]`, if you’re in a Debian-based system), the package management system.
|
||||
- If your server happens to be behind a proxy or firewall (or is the proxy or firewall itself), you can use trickle to set limits on both the download and upload, or communication speed with the clients or the outside.
|
||||
|
||||
Questions and comments are most welcome. Feel free to use the form below to send them our way.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.tecmint.com/manage-and-limit-downloadupload-bandwidth-with-trickle-in-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[Gabriel Cánepa][a]
|
||||
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.tecmint.com/author/gacanepa/
|
||||
[1]:http://www.tecmint.com/how-to-enable-epel-repository-for-rhel-centos-6-5/
|
||||
[2]:http://linux-training.be/files/books/LinuxFun.pdf
|
||||
[3]:http://media2.ldscdn.org/assets/missionary/our-people-2014/2014-00-1460-he-is-the-gift-360p-eng.mp4
|
||||
[4]:http://www.tecmint.com/10-wget-command-examples-in-linux/
|
||||
[5]:http://www.tecmint.com/20-linux-yum-yellowdog-updater-modified-commands-for-package-mangement/
|
||||
[6]:http://www.tecmint.com/dpkg-command-examples/
|
@ -1,121 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Linux FAQs with Answers--How to install and access CentOS remote desktop on VPS
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
> **Question**: I want to install CentOS desktop on VPS, and be able to access the desktop GUI remotely from home. What is a recommended way to set up and access CentOS-based remote desktop on VPS?
|
||||
|
||||
Nowadays teleworking or remote working with flexible hours is increasingly popular in tech industry. One of the enabling technologies behind this trend is remote desktop. Your desktop environment is in the cloud, and you can access the remote desktop anywhere you go, either from home or at your workplace.
|
||||
|
||||
This tutorial describes how you can set up CentOS based remote desktop on VPS. Here we are going to demonstrate CentOS 7 based environment.
|
||||
|
||||
We assume that you already created a CentOS 7 VPS instance somewhere (e.g., using [DigitalOcean][1] or Amazon EC2). Make sure that the VPS instance has at least 1GB memory. Otherwise, CentOS desktop will crash when you try to access remote desktop.
|
||||
|
||||
### Step One: Install CentOS Desktop ###
|
||||
|
||||
If an available CentOS image is a minimal version of CentOS without desktop, you will need to install desktop (e.g., GNOME) on your CentOS VPS before proceeding. For example, DigitalOcean's CentOS image is such a minimal version, which requires [desktop GUI installation][2] as follows.
|
||||
|
||||
# yum groupinstall "GNOME Desktop"
|
||||
|
||||
Reboot a VPS after finishing installation.
|
||||
|
||||
### Step Two: Install and Configure VNC Server ###
|
||||
|
||||
The next step is to install and configure VNC server. We are going to use TigerVNC, an open-source VNC server implementation.
|
||||
|
||||
# yum install tigervnc-server
|
||||
|
||||
Now create a user account (e.g., xmodulo) which will be used to access remote desktop.
|
||||
|
||||
# useradd xmodulo
|
||||
# passwd xmodulo
|
||||
|
||||
When a user tries to access remote desktop using VNC, a dedicated VNC server daemon will be launched to handle its requests. This means that you will need to create a separate VNC server configuration for each user.
|
||||
|
||||
CentOS 7 relies on systemd to manage and configure system services. So we are going to configure VNC server for xmodulo user using systemd.
|
||||
|
||||
Let's first check the status of VNC server by running either command below:
|
||||
|
||||
# systemctl status vncserver@:.service
|
||||
# systemctl is-enabled vncserver@.service
|
||||
|
||||
By default, freshly installed VNC service is not active (disabled).
|
||||
|
||||
![](https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7613/16877514732_8ccffe7b6b_b.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
Now create a VNC service configuration for xmodulo user by copying a generic VNC service unit file as follows.
|
||||
|
||||
# cp /lib/systemd/system/vncserver@.service /etc/systemd/system/vncserver@:1.service
|
||||
|
||||
Open the configuration file with a text editor, and replace <USER> with an actual user name (e.g., xmodulo) under [Service] section. Also, append "-geometry <resolution>" parameter in ExecStart. In the end, the following two lines with bold font will be modified.
|
||||
|
||||
# vi /etc/systemd/system/vncserver@:1.service
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
[Service]
|
||||
Type=forking
|
||||
# Clean any existing files in /tmp/.X11-unix environment
|
||||
ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c '/usr/bin/vncserver -kill %i > /dev/null 2>&1 || :'
|
||||
ExecStart=/sbin/runuser -l xmodulo -c "/usr/bin/vncserver %i -geometry 1024x768"
|
||||
PIDFile=/home/xmodulo/.vnc/%H%i.pid
|
||||
ExecStop=/bin/sh -c '/usr/bin/vncserver -kill %i > /dev/null 2>&1 || :'
|
||||
|
||||
Now set up (optional) VNC password for xmodulo user for security. For this, switch to the user, and run vncserver command.
|
||||
|
||||
# su - xmodulo
|
||||
# vncserver
|
||||
|
||||
You will be prompted to enter a VNC password for the user. Once the password is set, you will need to use this password to gain access to remote desktop.
|
||||
|
||||
![](https://farm9.staticflickr.com/8752/16692564599_9c4e5da1b6_b.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, reload services to activate the new VNC configuration:
|
||||
|
||||
# systemctl daemon-reload
|
||||
|
||||
and enable VNC service to make it start automatically upon boot:
|
||||
|
||||
# systemctl enable vncserver@:1.service
|
||||
|
||||
Check the port number that a VNC server is listening on by running:
|
||||
|
||||
# netstat -tulpn | grep vnc
|
||||
|
||||
![](https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7625/16692646729_7bb16c4897_b.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
Port 5901 is the default port number for VNC client to connect to a VNC server.
|
||||
|
||||
### Step Three: Connect to Remote Desktop over SSH ###
|
||||
|
||||
By design, Remote Frame Buffer (RFB) protocol used by VNC is not a secure protocol. Thus it is not a good idea to directly connect to a remote VNC server running on VPS using a VNC client. Any sensitive information such as password could easily be leaked from VNC traffic. So instead, I strongly recommend that you [tunnel VNC traffic][3] over a secure SSH tunnel, as described here.
|
||||
|
||||
On a local host where you want to run VNC client, create an SSH tunnel to a remote VPS using the following command. When prompted for SSH password, type the password of the user.
|
||||
|
||||
$ ssh xmodulo@<VPS-IP-address> -L 5901:127.0.0.1:5901
|
||||
|
||||
Replace "xmodulo" with your own VNC user, and fill in the IP address of your VPS instance.
|
||||
|
||||
Once an SSH tunnel is established, remote VNC traffic will be routed over the SSH tunnel, and be sent to 127.0.0.1:5901.
|
||||
|
||||
Now go ahead and launch your favorite VNC client (e.g., vinagre), and connect to 127.0.0.1:5901.
|
||||
|
||||
![](https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7639/16691289910_fae83510fb_o.png)
|
||||
|
||||
You will be asked to enter a VNC password. When you type a correct VNC password, you will finally be able to CentOS remote desktop on VPS securely.
|
||||
|
||||
![](https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7614/16877678411_aa8349f6b1_c.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
![](https://farm9.staticflickr.com/8702/16256320434_81f9b5b70c_c.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://ask.xmodulo.com/centos-remote-desktop-vps.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[Dan Nanni][a]
|
||||
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://ask.xmodulo.com/author/nanni
|
||||
[1]:http://xmodulo.com/go/digitalocean
|
||||
[2]:http://xmodulo.com/how-to-install-gnome-desktop-on-centos.html
|
||||
[3]:http://xmodulo.com/how-to-set-up-vnc-over-ssh.html
|
@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
|
||||
2 Ways to Create Your Own Docker Base Image
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Greetings to everyone, today we'll learn about docker base Images and how we can build our own. [Docker][1] is an Open Source project that provides an open platform to pack, ship and run any application as a lightweight container. It has no boundaries of Language support, Frameworks or packaging system and can be run anywhere, anytime from a small home computers to high-end servers. It makes them great building blocks for deploying and scaling web apps, databases, and back-end services without depending on a particular stack or provider.
|
||||
|
||||
Docker Images is a read-only layer which never changes. It Docker uses a **Union File System** to add a read-write file system over the read-only file system. But all the changes go to the top-most writeable layer, and underneath, the original file in the read-only image is unchanged. Since images don't change, images do not have state. Base Images are those images that has no parent. The major benefits of it is that it allows us to have a separate linux OS running.
|
||||
|
||||
Here are the ways on how we can create a custom base image.
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. Creating Docker Base Image using Tar ###
|
||||
|
||||
We can create our own base image using tar, we'll want to start building it with a working Linux Distribution we'll want to package as base image. This process may differ and depends on what distribution we are trying to build. In Debian distribution of Linux, debootstrap is preinstalled. We'll need to install debootstrap before starting the below process. Debootstrap is used to fetch the required packages to build the base system. Here, we'll create image based on Ubuntu 14.04 "Trusty". To do so, we'll need to run the following command in a terminal or shell.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo debootstrap trusty trusty > /dev/null
|
||||
$ sudo tar -C trusty -c . | sudo docker import - trusty
|
||||
|
||||
![creating docker base image using debootstrap](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/creating-base-image-debootstrap.png)
|
||||
|
||||
Here, the above command creates a tar file of the current directory and outputs it to STDOUT, where "docker import - trusty" takes it from STDIN and creates a base image called trusty from it. Then, we'll run a test command inside that image as follows.
|
||||
|
||||
$ docker run trusty cat /etc/lsb-release
|
||||
|
||||
Here are some example scripts that will allow us to build quick base images in [Docker GitHub Repo][2] .
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. Creating Base Image using Scratch ###
|
||||
|
||||
In the Docker registry, there is a special repository known as Scratch, which was created using an empty tar file:
|
||||
|
||||
$ tar cv --files-from /dev/null | docker import - scratch
|
||||
|
||||
![creating docker base image using scratch](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/creating-base-image-using-scratch.png)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
We can use that image to base our new minimal containers FROM:
|
||||
|
||||
FROM scratch
|
||||
ADD script.sh /usr/local/bin/run.sh
|
||||
CMD ["/usr/local/bin/run.sh"]
|
||||
|
||||
The above Dockerfile is from an extremely minimal image. Here, first it starts with a totally blank filesystem, then it copies script.sh that is created to /usr/local/bin/run.sh and then run the script /usr/local/bin/run.sh .
|
||||
|
||||
### Conclusion ###
|
||||
|
||||
Here, in this tutorial, we learned how we can build a custom Docker Base Image out of the box. Building a docker base image is an easy task because there are sets of packages and scripts already available for. Building a docker base image is a lot useful if we want to install what we want in it. So, if you have any questions, suggestions, feedback please write them in the comment box below. Thank you ! Enjoy :-)
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://linoxide.com/linux-how-to/2-ways-create-docker-base-image/
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[Arun Pyasi][a]
|
||||
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://linoxide.com/author/arunp/
|
||||
[1]:https://www.docker.com/
|
||||
[2]:https://github.com/docker/docker/blob/master/contrib/mkimage-busybox.sh
|
@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
|
||||
translating by martin.
|
||||
|
||||
ZMap Documentation
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
1. Getting Started with ZMap
|
||||
@ -740,4 +742,4 @@ via: https://zmap.io/documentation.html
|
||||
[1]:https://github.com/ewust/forge_socket/
|
||||
[2]:https://github.com/zmap/zmap/blob/v1.0.0/src/output_modules/output_modules.c
|
||||
[3]:https://github.com/zmap/zmap/blob/master/src/output_modules/output_modules.h
|
||||
[4]:https://github.com/zmap/zmap/blob/master/src/output_modules/module_csv.c
|
||||
[4]:https://github.com/zmap/zmap/blob/master/src/output_modules/module_csv.c
|
||||
|
@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
|
||||
VirturalBox 5.0 beta版终于发布了
|
||||
=======================================
|
||||
**甲骨文公司的桌面虚拟化软件获得了近五年来的第一次重大改版,但是更像是改进而不是革命性的的变化。**
|
||||
|
||||
VirtualBox,由Sun公司创建,现在由甲骨文管理的开源虚拟化系统,获得了近5年来第一次的主版本更新发布。
|
||||
|
||||
从发行说明和测试版本身的表现来看,别期望任何真正革命性的改变。在此版本中,VirtualBox在视觉上和技术上都做了一些改进,但和VMware相比,它的主要优势仍然是相同核心功能的自由化。
|
||||
|
||||
VirtualBox 4.0的最后一个主要版本在2010年12月发布,它采用了新的图形化用户界面,新的虚拟化硬件和重组的项目设计,带来了重大的改版。但项目主要版本的发布步伐缓慢,上一次重要版本(版本4.3)在2013年底才发布。从那时起,一切都被正式称为“维修”发布。
|
||||
|
||||
**VirtualBox 5.0**
|
||||
|
||||
*VirtualBox 5.0的第一个测试版增加了编辑菜单,VM窗口的快捷方式图标等功能,如下面所示。*
|
||||
|
||||
VirtualBox 5.0最大的变化是增加了对硬件辅助虚拟化指令集扩展的支持。AES-NI指令集通常用于加密时的硬件加速,SSE 4.1和SSE 4.2指令集都包括在其中。另外一点是支持Windows和Linux客户机的半虚拟化,一个抽象主机音响的新的架构以及支持客户机中的USB 3(xHCI)控制器。
|
||||
|
||||
大部分可用更新都是对VirtualBox 图形化用户界面的改进。一个大的变化就是支持给单个虚拟主机自定义菜单和工具栏,这样很少或者从不使用的选项就可以彻底删除。另外重要的一点是可以在VirtualBox接口内部对虚拟磁盘进行加密,而不依赖于客户机操作系统自身的磁盘加密功能(假设有的话)。
|
||||
|
||||
甲骨文公司提醒由于这是个测试版软件,需要谨慎对待。当然,主界面和客户机系统界面在某方面都可能引起红黑测试版警告。但之前VirtualBox发行版(4.3.26)上创建的Windows 10虚拟机启动和运行都没问题,5.0版本中添加的VirtualBox客户机功能--更好的视频支持,双向复制和粘贴,以及其它功能--安装的时候也没有问题。(更好地支持Windows 10的修复从4.3.18版本后就开始出现)。
|
||||
|
||||
虽然没有明确指出5.0的最终版什么时候会发布,但是甲骨文公司[鼓励用户][1]在非生产环境中下载和使用测试版,并在[测试版反馈论坛][2]中报告bug文件。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.infoworld.com/article/2905098/virtualization/oracle-virtualbox-5-0-beta-is-finally-here.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[Serdar Yegulalp][a]
|
||||
译者:[ictlyh](https://github.com/ictlyh)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.infoworld.com/author/Serdar-Yegulalp/
|
||||
[1]:https://forums.virtualbox.org/viewtopic.php?f=15&t=66904
|
||||
[2]:https://forums.virtualbox.org/viewforum.php?f=15
|
@ -1,400 +0,0 @@
|
||||
寻求激烈的游戏玩法?那就试试这 13 款 Roguelike 游戏吧
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Roguelike 是角色扮演游戏的一个子类。从字面上看,它的意思是 “像 Rogue 的游戏”。Rogue 是一个关于地下城冒险的视频游戏,于 1980 年第一次发行,以友好、易上瘾而著称。这个游戏的目标是取得深藏于第 26 层的 "Amulet of Yendor",再返回到顶层逃出生天。
|
||||
|
||||
Roguelike 的准确定义并不存在,但这类游戏通常具有下面的特点:
|
||||
|
||||
- 奇幻的叙事背景;
|
||||
- 程序性的关卡产生。每个新的游戏环节中的游戏世界均由游戏产生。这样做是为了鼓励玩家重玩;
|
||||
- 回合制的地下城探险和战斗;
|
||||
- 随机生成的基于瓷砖的(Tile-based)图形环境;
|
||||
- 随机的冲突生成;
|
||||
- 永久死亡 。在游戏中,死亡真的存在,一旦你死了,就代表你真的结束了。
|
||||
- 高难度。
|
||||
|
||||
这篇文章精心挑选了一些可运行在 Linux 平台下的 roguelike 游戏。假如你喜欢激烈、易上瘾的游戏,可以尝试这 13 款游戏。不要因它们原始的画质而退步,一旦你沉浸其中,你将很快忘记画面的简陋。所有的这些都可以免费下载,并且几乎所有的游戏都是在开源协议下发行的。
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content2/png/DungeonCrawlStoneSoup.png)
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games/Screenshot-Dungeon1.png)
|
||||
|
||||
Dungeon Crawl Stone Soup 是一个开源的,单用户角色扮演类的 roguelike 游戏,玩家要在充满危险和不友好的怪兽的地下城中进行探险和寻找宝藏,并在任务中拯救 mystifyingly fabulous Orb of Zot(注:这里我不知如何翻译)
|
||||
|
||||
Dungeon Crawl Stone Soup 是 Linley 开发的 Dungeon Crawl 游戏的延续。它被公开地开发并邀请 Crawl 社区的人员来参与其中。
|
||||
|
||||
Dungeon Crawl 有着超棒且深层次的战术游戏环节,创新的魔法和信仰系统,以及数量宏大的可供战斗的怪兽。Crawl 也是最难以攻陷的 roguelike 游戏之一。当你最终在游戏中通关并将你的胜利宣言张贴在 rec.games.roguelike.misc ,这时在你心中,你知道你已经取得了什么。
|
||||
|
||||
特点有:
|
||||
|
||||
- 丰富多彩的, 富含深层次战术的 roguelike 游戏;
|
||||
- 手绘地图;
|
||||
- 无数的金库;
|
||||
- 漂亮的界面;
|
||||
- 创新的魔法和信仰系统;
|
||||
- 广泛的神灵,角色,物品和聪明的怪兽;
|
||||
|
||||
- 网站: [crawl.develz.org][1]
|
||||
- 开发者: Stone Soup 开发小组
|
||||
- 协议: Crawl General Public License
|
||||
- 版本号: 0.15.2
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content2/png/DwarfFortress.png)
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games/Screenshot-DwarfFortress.png)
|
||||
|
||||
Dwarf Fortress 是一个绝妙的单人游戏,与 NetHack 类似。你可以在一个随机生成的持久的世界中,控制一个矮人哨兵或一个冒险者。
|
||||
|
||||
这个游戏的特色有:三种游戏模式(矮人要塞,冒险者,传说模式),一个独特的随机生成的世界(由地形,野生生物和传说等组成), 阴森的战斗机制以及各种恶性的鲤鱼。
|
||||
|
||||
特点包括:
|
||||
|
||||
- 在这个世界里,你想持续多久都可以。可以经历许多次游戏,记录历史事件,对更改进行跟踪等;
|
||||
- 当你的矮人在山群中寻找宝藏时,你可以对它们下达命令
|
||||
- 用各种材料来手工制作珍宝、家具,并可以用贵重金属,宝石等来改进这些珍宝、家具;
|
||||
- 在广度和深度上保护你自己,防御来自敌对文明的袭击;
|
||||
- 当他们有求于你的民众时,支持贵族(注:感觉自己翻译错了这句)
|
||||
- 维持你的矮人的高兴状态,在它们工作和休闲时读取它们的思想;
|
||||
- Z 坐标可以使你在多个层级上建造你的堡垒,建立塔台或征服深处;
|
||||
- 建立水闸来为耕种调水或水淹你的对手;
|
||||
- 扮演一个探险者并进行探索,为荣誉而战或复仇
|
||||
- 与以前的游戏中的对手相遇;
|
||||
- 在你经过的旅途中营救小城里的人群
|
||||
- 在没有笨重的绘画限制下探险;
|
||||
- 无缝的漫游游戏世界-总共达到 197376 x 197376 平方 -或者在区域地图上更快速地穿行;
|
||||
- 接受小城或文明社会的领导委托的任务
|
||||
- 收回并与你扮演的老角色相遇,在一次探险中,以一个新的角色带上它们或者直接使用它们;
|
||||
- Z 轴使得你可以在各个地牢层级间无缝地上下移动以及调整结构的尺寸来和对手战斗;
|
||||
- 战斗模型的使用技巧,身体组成,搏斗,在方块之间进行操作和躲避,流血,疼痛,恶心及其他;
|
||||
- 一个动态的天气模型用来跟踪风,湿度及空气的动向,用来创造前线,风,暴风雨和暴风雪
|
||||
- 超过 200 种岩石和矿物类型被引入游戏世界,它们被放置在合适的地理环境中;
|
||||
- 通过可更改的文本文件来添加生物,武器,植物,金属和其他对象;
|
||||
- 扩展的以 16 色(包括黑色)渲染的 ASCII 角色集合,以及 8 种背景颜色(包括黑色);
|
||||
|
||||
- 网站: [www.bay12games.com/dwarves/][2]
|
||||
- 开发者: Tarn Adams
|
||||
- 协议: 免费软件
|
||||
- 版本号: 0.40.19
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content2/png/ADOM.png)
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games2/Screenshot-ADOM.png)
|
||||
|
||||
Ancient Domains of Mystery (ADOM) 是一个 rogue-like 游戏,自从 1994 年开始,它一直在开发。
|
||||
|
||||
它是一个包含复杂地牢的单用户游戏。你控制一个用种族,类别,属性,技巧和装备等描述的虚构角色。这个虚构角色正尝试着达到一个特定的目标(参考下面的介绍)并在一个困难的任务中取胜。为了完成任务,你必须在以前没有发现的隧道和地牢中探险,和丑陋的怪兽战斗,解开一系列遗忘的秘密,并找到宝藏。
|
||||
|
||||
在游戏期间,你在每次游戏时随机生成的各层地牢中探索。你也可能遇到某个特定的关卡,其中有着特定的挑战或者围绕某个特定主题而生成。
|
||||
|
||||
特点包括:
|
||||
|
||||
- 拥有上百个地点的巨大游戏世界,例如城堡,随机生成的地牢,主题寺庙,墓地,古代遗迹,塔台和其他名胜;
|
||||
- 各种各样的种族(dwarves, drakelings, mist elves, hurthlings, orcs, trolls, ratlings and many others)(注:种族信息可以参考[这里](http://ancardia.wikia.com/wiki/Race) 和更多的类别 (fighters, elementalists, assassins, chaos knights, duelists and much more),允许无限的游戏风格;
|
||||
- 上百个怪兽和物品,其中的许多拥有增强的随机特性;
|
||||
- 一个堕落系统,迫使你在对力量的欲望和对诅咒的恐惧之间进行权衡;
|
||||
- 法术,祈祷,思想技艺,炼金术,手工艺和更多;
|
||||
- 多样的任务和分支故事主线;
|
||||
- 许多完全不同的结局,可能改变现实本身
|
||||
|
||||
- 网站: [www.adom.de][3]
|
||||
- 开发者: Thomas Biskup
|
||||
- 协议: Postcardware
|
||||
- 版本号: 1.20 Prelease 20
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content2/png/ToME.png)
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games2/Screenshot-ToME.png)
|
||||
|
||||
Tales of Maj’Eyal (ToME) (注:中文翻译为 马基埃亚尔的传说) 是一个免费,开源的 roguelike 角色扮演游戏,包含特色的战术回合制战役和先进的建筑。它作为运行在 T-Engine 4.0 中的一个模块而被创造。
|
||||
|
||||
现在处于王权世纪(Age of Ascendancy),在长达一万年的冲突痛苦和混乱之后,我们所知的世界终于进入了一个相对和平的时期。 “魔法大爆裂(Spellblaze)” 留下的影响已经大为减缓, 大地的伤痕也慢慢地开始愈合。在薪火世纪(Age of Pyre)之后,各个文明也纷纷开始重建家园。(注:翻译来源于 [这里](http://www.qiyun.org/zhuanti/majiaiyaerdechuanshuo.htm))
|
||||
特点包括:
|
||||
|
||||
- 适合于那些没有 rogueline 体验的玩家;
|
||||
- 同时支持图形界面和 ASCII 模式;
|
||||
- 某些角色拥有超过 40 种能力;
|
||||
- 天赋系统;
|
||||
- 战役引擎;
|
||||
- 在线的持久状态/成就追踪;
|
||||
- IRC 聊天客户端;
|
||||
- 可扩展,可修改;
|
||||
- 充满激情的音乐;
|
||||
- 解锁新的种族,类别,起始点,游戏模式和特点等;
|
||||
|
||||
- 网站: [te4.org][4]
|
||||
- 开发者: ToME 开发团队
|
||||
- 协议: GNU GPL v3.0
|
||||
- 版本号: 1.2.5
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content2/png/CataclysmDarkDaysAhead1.png)
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games2/Screenshot-Cataclysm.png)
|
||||
|
||||
Cataclysm 是一个开源的 “后末世” roguelike 游戏,背景设定在由怪兽和僵尸带来的毁灭性的瘟疫后虚构的新英格兰(New England) 乡村。它是 Whale 开发的原有 Cataclysm 的继续,拓展了更多新的生物,建筑,游戏机制和其他特点。
|
||||
|
||||
尽管有些人描述它为一个 “僵尸游戏”,但 Cataclysm 远比一个“僵尸游戏”包含更多内容。玩家要在一个由程序生成的严酷,持久的世界中艰难生存下去。在一个死寂的文明世界中为了食物,装备或者假如你足够幸运,一辆装满汽油的汽车来逃离 Dodge --这个如地狱一般的地方-- 而苦苦寻觅。通过战斗来击败或从一系列强大的怪兽底下逃离,从僵尸到巨型昆虫或机器人杀手以及更加奇怪和致命的东西中逃离,以及和那些想要得到你拥有的东西的同你一样的人战斗。
|
||||
|
||||
在许多方面上, Cataclysm 同大多数的 roguelike 游戏有很大的不同。它被设定在一个无界的三维世界里,而不是设定在一个垂直、线性的地牢。这意味着相比于大多数的 roguel 游戏,探险将占一个更大的比重,而且这个游戏将具有更少的线性性。由于地图是如此的巨大,在每次游戏之间,它可以完全保持原样。假如你死了,并以一个新的角色开始,你的新游戏将会设定在同你最近呆过的游戏世界相同的世界里。同许多 roguelike 游戏一样,你可以获得先前角色的战利品;而与大多数 roguelike 不同的是,你也可以重新踏上先前角色的轨迹,并且对世界做出的任何戏剧性改变将会维持到你的下一次游戏。
|
||||
|
||||
特点包括:
|
||||
|
||||
- 详细的角色创造,提供了数量众多的特性来选择;
|
||||
- 防御模式, 一个休息模式和快节奏作战;
|
||||
- Bionics; 类似于在许多其他游戏里的 魔法系统;
|
||||
- 基因突变, 有好的和坏的;
|
||||
- 无界的, 完全随机的世界地图,可以在角色交替时保持不变;
|
||||
- 创造物品
|
||||
- 新的制作方法可能需要通过练习或从书本中获得来磨练你的知识;
|
||||
- 逼真的火,烟和其他动态的地图特效;
|
||||
- 一个昼/夜循环,需要睡觉。假如你必须的话,可以使用咖啡因来保持更长时间的清醒,但这不健康;
|
||||
- 超过 300 种物品类型,包括众多的现实世界的枪支,药品和工具;
|
||||
- 许多药品是上瘾的,并需要持续使用来避免负面效果;
|
||||
- 通过修补门,窗,建造陷阱和巩固你的家的基石来防止一个僵尸的突然造访;
|
||||
- 拥有构建你自己的木质建筑,包括墙和屋顶的能力;
|
||||
- 使用汽车在“后末世”发现的景观中兜风;
|
||||
- 这个可以根据你的需求来修改,或甚至你可以从底层建造一个景观;
|
||||
- 一个温度系统,太冷或太热都非常危险;
|
||||
- 初步支持 tile 界面;
|
||||
- 一个类似于 World Gen 一样的选项和多彩的编辑方法;
|
||||
|
||||
- 网站: [en.cataclysmdda.com][5]
|
||||
- 作者: Kevin Granade 及其他
|
||||
- 协议: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License
|
||||
- 版本号: 0.B
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content2/png/GoblinHack1.png)
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games2/Screenshot-GoblinHack.png)
|
||||
|
||||
Goblin Hack 是一个拥有基于 OpenGL 的平滑滚动的图形界面的开源 roguelike 游戏。这个游戏受 NetHack 外观的启发,但更加快速且使用更少的按键。
|
||||
|
||||
Goblin Hack 有一个简洁的界面,在今天这个过度渲染的游戏世界中,似乎它对所有年龄段的玩家都有吸引力,并启发了这些玩家的想象力。
|
||||
|
||||
在被投进一个随机的正在生成的地牢之前,玩家可以从几个角色类别中选择一个角色。
|
||||
|
||||
特点包括:
|
||||
|
||||
- 令人印象深刻的界面(相比于许多其他的 roguelike 游戏);
|
||||
- 简洁的界面;
|
||||
- 在被投进一个随机的正在生成的第一层地牢之前,玩家可以从几个角色类别中选择一个角色;
|
||||
- 手动保存游戏;
|
||||
|
||||
- 网站: [goblinhack.sourceforge.net][6], [github.com/goblinhack/goblinhack][7]
|
||||
- 作者: Neil McGill
|
||||
- 协议: GNU GPL v2
|
||||
- 版本号: 1.19
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content2/png/SLASH%27EM.png)
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games2/Screenshot-SlashEM.png)
|
||||
|
||||
Super Lotsa Added Stuff Hack - Extended Magic (SLASH'EM) 是一个角色扮演游戏,在其中你控制一个单独的角色。SLASH'EM 是 NetHack 的一个变种。它拥有一个和 Rogue, ADOM, Anghand 及 NetHack 相似的界面和游戏玩法。你通过键盘来控制角色的动作,以一个俯视的视角来查看这个世界。
|
||||
|
||||
背景: Amulet of Yendor 已被偷走,不仅如此,偷走 amulet 的 Wizard of Yendor(不是一个好人)似乎深藏于 Dungeons of Doom(不是一个友好的地方)。
|
||||
|
||||
特点包括:
|
||||
|
||||
- 提供额外的特点、怪兽和项目;
|
||||
- 新颖的特点包括僧人种类和类似推箱子的关卡;
|
||||
- 主要的地牢比在 NetHack 中的要大很多;
|
||||
|
||||
- 网站: [www.slashem.org][8]
|
||||
- 开发者: Slash'EM 开发团队
|
||||
- 协议: MIT License, NetHack General Public License
|
||||
- 版本号: 0.0.7E7F3
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content2/png/NetHack.png)
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games/Screenshot-NetHack.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
NetHack 是一个绝妙的简洁,但又非常吸引人的具有地下城与龙风格的冒险游戏。“net”元素指的是它的发展已经根据网络进行了协调,“hack”元素指的是角色扮演游戏的一种体裁,以乱砍、猛砍著称,着眼于战斗。
|
||||
|
||||
在 NetHack 中,你扮演激烈的战士、精灵或许多其他种类的一部分角色,一路战斗着,为你的神灵获取 Amulet of Yendor(可以说这是一个倒退!)。在这个过程中,你可能会遇到一个或两个 quantum mechanic(注:从[这里](http://nethack.wikia.com/wiki/Quantum_mechanic)得知,这指的是一种怪兽),或者可能遇到一个小型的太空舰队,抑或是 --假如你*足够*幸运 -- Ravenous Bugblatter Beast of Traal。(注:我参考了[这里](http://nethack.wikia.com/wiki/Douglas_Adams))。
|
||||
|
||||
特点包括:
|
||||
|
||||
- 45-50 个关卡, 其中的大多数随机生成
|
||||
- 各种各样的物品:武器、盔甲、卷轴、药水、戒指、宝石和各种各样的工具,如钥匙和灯
|
||||
- 祝福和诅咒
|
||||
- Permadeath永久死亡: 若没有对当前的保存文件进行备份,过期的角色不能再找回;
|
||||
- 界面:
|
||||
- 控制台;
|
||||
- 图形化界面, 使用 X、Qt 工具集或 GNOME 库
|
||||
|
||||
- 网站: [www.nethack.org][9]
|
||||
- 开发者: NetHack 开发团队
|
||||
- 协议: NetHack 通用公共许可证
|
||||
- 版本号: 3.4.3
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content2/png/AsciiSector.png)
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games2/Screenshot-AsciiSector.png)
|
||||
|
||||
Ascii Sector 是一个免费的太空战斗/探险/交易游戏,它基于经典的电脑游戏 `Wing Commander: Privateer`,后者由 Origine Systems 公司于 1993 年发布。
|
||||
|
||||
在 Ascii Sector 中,刚开始你将驾驶一艘简易的飞船,然后可以通过接受任务或者贩卖物品来挣得足够多的钱以升级你的飞船或重新再买一艘。不管是在太空中,还是在地面上,抑或是在飞船上,你可以专注于致命的战斗;并且通过使用 Ascii Sector 的脚本语言,你还可以为游戏创造自己的任务或享受其他玩家创造的任务。
|
||||
|
||||
特点包括:
|
||||
|
||||
- 图像界面使用 ANSI 人物集;
|
||||
- 真正的深入到游戏中;
|
||||
- 提供各种基地,任务,商品和飞船;
|
||||
- 飞船型号包括: Broadsword, Centurion, Demon, Dralthi, Drayman, Galaxy, Gladius, Gothri, Kamekh, Nexus, Orion, Paradign, Stileto, Talon, Tarsus 和 Ulysses;
|
||||
- 四个象限: Alizarin, Crimson, Mauve, and Viridian;
|
||||
- 可下载的任务;
|
||||
- 任务可用脚本编辑;
|
||||
- Ascii Sector 任务语言,在 Ascii Sector 宇宙中创造你自己的故事;
|
||||
- 可以袭击或抢劫位于星球上的 NPCs(指非玩家控制角色);
|
||||
- 可以到处移动的持久性舰队、可以改变系统的控制、玩弄敌人的舰队、回基地修复或重建;
|
||||
- 可以登录系统受损的飞船;
|
||||
- 可下载高质量的音乐文件;
|
||||
|
||||
- 网站: [www.asciisector.net][10]
|
||||
- 开发者: Christian Knudsen
|
||||
- 协议: 免费软件
|
||||
- 版本号: 0.7.1.4
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content2/png/Angband.png)
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games2/Screenshot-Angband.png)
|
||||
|
||||
Angband 是一个免费、单用户、图形界面的地下城探险游戏,它使用 ASCII 字符的角色,在其中你将以一个冒险者的角色探索一个深深的地下城,与怪兽战斗,获得你能取得的最好武器,准备着与黑暗之主 Morgoth 的最后绝战。从上世纪九十年代开始,它一直在持续地开发着。
|
||||
|
||||
Angband 沿袭了 Rogue 和 NetHack 的风格路线。它由 Moria 和 Umoria 游戏衍生而来,反过来这两个游戏都以 Rogue 为基础。它经常被描述为一个 “roguelike”游戏,因为它的外观和游戏体验与 Rogue 非常相似。很多游戏中的新生物、物品都来自 J.R.R Tolkien 的画作,尽管有些野兽直接来源于经典的神话、Dungeons & Dragons, Rolemaster(根据wikipedia,这两个都是角色扮演游戏的名称)、或原来 Angband 开发者的脑海中。
|
||||
|
||||
特点包括:
|
||||
|
||||
- 100 层地牢;
|
||||
- 随机产生的新关卡;
|
||||
- 可以选择成为人类、半精灵、精灵、霍比特人、地精、矮人,半兽人,半巨魔, 登丹人 ,高等精灵,或者狗头人;
|
||||
- 神器;
|
||||
- 施法;
|
||||
- 怪物;
|
||||
- 怪物坑;
|
||||
- 怪物巢穴;
|
||||
|
||||
- 网站: [rephial.org][11]
|
||||
- 开发者: Angband 开发小组
|
||||
- 协议: GNU GPL v2
|
||||
- 版本号: 3.5.0
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content2/png/UnNetHack1.png)
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games2/Screenshot-UnNetHack.png)
|
||||
|
||||
UnNetHack 是 NetHack 的一个分支。NetHack 最开始于 1987 年发行,并且许多游戏玩家认为它是计算机世界所能提供的最好游戏体验的游戏之一。
|
||||
|
||||
特点包括:
|
||||
|
||||
- 增加了许多针对 NetHack 的增强,如额外的怪兽、更多的关卡、许多新的元素、更多的危险、更具挑战性的游戏,以及最重要的,相比普通的 NetHack,它更具娱乐性;
|
||||
- 帮助新手开始的教程;
|
||||
|
||||
- 网站: [sourceforge.net/apps/trac/unnethack][12]
|
||||
- 作者: Patric Mueller
|
||||
- 协议: Nethack General Public License
|
||||
- 版本号: 5.1.0
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content2/png/HydraSlayer.png)
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games2/Screenshot-HydraSlayer.png)
|
||||
|
||||
Hydra Slayer 是一个专注于杀死九头蛇的开源 Roguelike 游戏。它受希腊神话、地下城探险、MathRL 七日 rouguelike,和一些关于勇敢的英雄杀死多头野兽的数字谜题等启发。
|
||||
|
||||
特点如下:
|
||||
|
||||
- 独特的游戏机制;
|
||||
- 混合希腊神话和数字迷宫的主题;
|
||||
- 传统的 roguelike ASSCII 字符界面或 砖块/3D 界面;
|
||||
- 5 种人物角色,具有极为不同的战术、力量及弱点;
|
||||
- 28 种敌人类型:
|
||||
- 10 种基本的九头蛇类型(每种类型都有两种变种);
|
||||
- 8 种特殊类型的敌人;
|
||||
- 无害的蘑菇可用作战术工具;
|
||||
- 28 种装备(并包括材料和装备的大小/力量的变种);
|
||||
- 15 种武器材料;
|
||||
- 18 种不可装备项;
|
||||
- 3 种可供选择的地图;
|
||||
- 8 种层级拓扑结构(包括莫比乌斯带和克莱因瓶);
|
||||
- 11 个等级;
|
||||
- 2 种胜利结局;
|
||||
|
||||
- 网站: [www.roguetemple.com/z/hydra][13]
|
||||
- 开发者: Zeno Rogue
|
||||
- 协议: GNU GPL v2
|
||||
- 版本号: 16.1
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content2/png/Brogue1.png)
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games2/Screenshot-Brogue.png)
|
||||
|
||||
Brogue 是一个开源的 Roguelike 游戏,它可以运行在 Mac OS X, Windows, Linux, iOS 和 Android 等平台下。
|
||||
|
||||
Brogue 是 Rogue 的一个直系分支,后者是一个由 Michael Toy 和 Glenn Wichman 于 1980 年左右最先开发的地下城探险视频游戏。与其他受欢迎的现代 Roguelike 游戏不同, Brogue 追求简单而不是复杂性,同时尽力确保游戏的不同组成之间的联系是有趣且纷繁多彩的。
|
||||
|
||||
这个游戏的目标是取得深藏于地下第 26 层的 "Amulet of Yendor",再返回到顶层逃出生天。对于那些技术娴熟且想进一步探险的人来说,位于 26 层之下的每层均包含 3 颗 lumenstone (流明石)(注:这里与我在[这里](http://brogue.wikia.com/wiki/Lumenstone)看到的有些出入),获得它们,将在胜利的基础上被授予额外的得分。
|
||||
|
||||
Brogue 是一个富有挑战性的游戏,但玩着仍有许多趣味。尽量不要因游戏的高难度而灰心;试玩一段时间之后,你会发现它变得非常吸引人。
|
||||
|
||||
特点如下:
|
||||
|
||||
- 追求简单而非复杂;
|
||||
- 对用户友好;
|
||||
- 相比于 Rogue, Brogue 有一个更加复杂的层级划分;
|
||||
- 移除了 XP 和 水平系统 ;
|
||||
- 陷阱,保护项目;
|
||||
- 额外的怪兽类型和魔法项目;
|
||||
|
||||
- 网站: [sites.google.com/site/broguegame][14]
|
||||
- 作者: Brian Walker
|
||||
- 协议: GNU Affero GPL
|
||||
- 版本号: 1.7.3
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/201412031524381/RoguelikeGames.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者:Frazer Kline
|
||||
译者:[FSSlc](https://github.com/FSSlc)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://crawl.develz.org/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.bay12games.com/dwarves/index.html
|
||||
[3]:http://www.adom.de/
|
||||
[4]:http://te4.org/
|
||||
[5]:http://en.cataclysmdda.com/
|
||||
[6]:http://goblinhack.sourceforge.net/
|
||||
[7]:https://github.com/goblinhack/goblinhack
|
||||
[8]:http://www.slashem.org/
|
||||
[9]:http://www.nethack.org/
|
||||
[10]:http://www.asciisector.net/
|
||||
[11]:http://rephial.org/
|
||||
[12]:http://sourceforge.net/apps/trac/unnethack/
|
||||
[13]:http://www.roguetemple.com/z/hydra/
|
||||
[14]:levelling system
|
114
translated/share/20150227 Chess in a Few Bytes.md
Normal file
114
translated/share/20150227 Chess in a Few Bytes.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
|
||||
几 KB 的国际象棋程序
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
当我提及到我用来介绍计算(注:这里翻译的有问题)的是一台 ZX81 电脑时,我已经暴露了我的年龄。ZX81 是一个由英国(UK,the United Kingdom) 开发者(Sincilair 研究所)生产的家庭电脑,它拥有"高达" 1KB 的随机存储器(RAM)。上面的 1kB 并不是打印错误,这个家庭电脑确实只配置有 1KB 的板载内存。但这个内存大小上的限制并没有阻止爱好者制作种类繁多的软件。事实上,这个机器引发了一代编程奇才的出现,这迫使他们掌握让程序在该机上正常运行的方法。这个机器可以通过一个 16 KB 的 RAM 包来进行升级,这就提供了更多的编程可能。但未经扩展的 1KB 机器仍然激励着编程者发布卓越的软件。
|
||||
|
||||
![1K ZX Chess ](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content2/reviews/Games2/1KZXChess.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
我最喜爱的 ZX81 游戏有: Flight Simulation, 3D Monster Maze, Galaxians, 以及最重要的 1K ZX Chess。 只有最后一个程序是为未扩展的 ZX81 电脑设计的。事实上,David Horne 开发的 1K ZX Chess 只使用了仅仅 672 字节的 RAM(注:如果读者有兴趣,可以看看 [这里](http://users.ox.ac.uk/~uzdm0006/scans/1kchess/)对该程序的代码及解释)。尽管如此,该游戏尽力去实现大多数的国际象棋规则,并提供了一个计算机虚拟对手。虽然一些重要的规则被忽略了(如:王车易位,兵的升变,和吃过路兵)
|
||||
(注:参考了[这里](http://zh.wikibooks.org/zh/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E8%B1%A1%E6%A3%8B/%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99)和[这里](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rules_of_chess)),但能够和人工智能相对抗,这仍然令人惊讶。这个游戏占据了我逝去的青春里的相当一部分。
|
||||
|
||||
1K ZX Chess 保持着在任何计算机上国际象棋的最小实现的地位长达 33 年,直到今年由 BootChess 打破了该记录,紧接着由 Toledo AtomChess 打破。这三个程序都没有实现所有的国际象棋规则,所以为了完整性,我介绍了我最喜爱的,实现了所有国际象棋规则的极小的国际象棋。
|
||||
|
||||
Linux 有着一系列极其强大的国际象棋引擎,如 Stockfish, Critter, Togo II, Crafty, GNU Chess, 和 Komodo 。 在这篇文章精选的国际象棋程序虽敌不过一个好的国际象棋程序,但它们展示了使用微不足道的代码库究竟可以实现多少东西。
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content2/png/ToledoAtomchess.png)
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games2/Screenshot-Toledo.png)
|
||||
|
||||
你可能已经看到了大量有关 BootChess 新闻报道,一个只用 487 字节写就的国际象棋程序,一举打破了先前最小的国际象棋程序,1K ZX Chess 的记录。Óscar Toledo Gutiérrez 拿起外套并决定编写一个更加紧凑的国际象棋游戏。Toledo Atomchess 是仅有 481 字节的 x86 汇编代码,它适合在引导扇区里。 在给定的极小代码库限制下,这个引擎实现了一个适当的国际象棋游戏。
|
||||
|
||||
特点包括:
|
||||
|
||||
- 基本的象棋移动
|
||||
- 象棋盘的 ASCII 文本表现
|
||||
- 以代数形式来输入移动(注:如 D2D4)
|
||||
- 3 层的搜索深度
|
||||
|
||||
显然,为了将这个国际象棋程序压缩到 481 字节中,作者必须做出某些牺牲,这些局限包括:
|
||||
|
||||
- 没有兵的升变
|
||||
- 没有王车易位
|
||||
- 没有吃过路兵
|
||||
- 没有移动确认
|
||||
|
||||
该作者也使用 C,JavaScript 和 Java 来写这个国际象棋程序,每种实现都非常小。
|
||||
|
||||
- 网站: [nanochess.org/chess6.html][1]
|
||||
- 开发者: Óscar Toledo Gutiérrez
|
||||
- 协议: 对非商业使用免费(Free for non-commercial use)
|
||||
- 版本号: -
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content2/png/BootChess.png)
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games2/Screenshot-BootChess.png)
|
||||
|
||||
BootChess 是一个国际象棋的极其小巧的计算机实现。这个程序被塞进到仅仅 487 字节里,并可运行在 Windows, Mac OS X 和 Linux 等操作系统。BootChess 的棋盘和棋子单独用文本表示,其中 P 代表兵, Q 用来代表王后,以及输入的任何停顿代表空白方块。
|
||||
|
||||
特点包括:
|
||||
|
||||
- 象棋棋盘和用户输入的图形化文本表示
|
||||
- 引导扇区大小(512 字节)的可玩的象棋游戏
|
||||
- 只需 x86 bios 硬件引导程序(没有软件依赖)
|
||||
- 所有主要的正规移动包括 double square pawn start(注:这个我没有查到是什么意思)
|
||||
- 兵升变为王后(与 1k ZX Chess 相反)
|
||||
- 名为 taxiMax > minMax half-ply 的 CPU 人工智能
|
||||
- 硬编码的西班牙白子开局
|
||||
|
||||
同样,它也存在一些重要的限制。这些遗漏包括:
|
||||
|
||||
- 正在推广
|
||||
- 吃过路兵
|
||||
- 没有王车易位
|
||||
- 3 次位置重复和局规则(注:下一步之前,同样的移动出现了两次;可以参考[这里](http://www.netplaces.com/chess-basics/ending-the-game/three-position-repetition.htm))
|
||||
- 50 步移动和局规则(注:在连续的50个回合内,双方既没有棋子被吃掉,也没有兵被移动过,则和局;可以参考[这里](http://www.chessvariants.org/d.chess/chess.html))
|
||||
- 没有开放或封闭的书籍
|
||||
- 一个或多个 minMAX/negaMax 全层人工智能
|
||||
|
||||
- 网站: [www.pouet.net/prod.php?which=64962][2]
|
||||
- 开发者: Olivier "Baudsurfer/RSi" Poudade
|
||||
- 协议: WTFPL v2
|
||||
- 版本号: .02
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content2/png/Micro-Max.png)
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games2/Screenshot-Micro-Max.png)
|
||||
|
||||
Micro-Max 是一个用 C 写就的 133 行象棋源程序。
|
||||
|
||||
作者实现了一个 hash 变换表,该引擎检查输入移动的合法性,以及支持 FIDE(注: World Chess Federation 缩写,[这里](https://www.fide.com/)为其官网) 的全部规则,除了正在推广的规则。
|
||||
|
||||
特点包括:
|
||||
|
||||
- 递归的 negamax 搜索
|
||||
- 重新夺回的静态搜索
|
||||
- 重新夺回规则的扩展
|
||||
- 迭代深化
|
||||
- 最好的先走策略 `排序`
|
||||
- 存储分数和最佳移动的 Hash 表
|
||||
- 完整的 FIDE 规则(不包括正在推广的规则) 和移动合法性检查
|
||||
|
||||
同样存在一个简装的 1433个字符的版本,但允许你使用符合 FIDE 规则的正在推广的规则。
|
||||
|
||||
- 网站: [home.hccnet.nl/h.g.muller/max-src2.html][3]
|
||||
- 开发者: Harm Geert Muller
|
||||
- 协议: The MIT License
|
||||
- 版本号: 3.2
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20150222033906262/ChessBytes.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者:Frazer Kline
|
||||
译者:[FSSlc](https://github.com/FSSlc)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://nanochess.org/chess6.html
|
||||
[2]:http://www.pouet.net/prod.php?which=64962
|
||||
[3]:http://home.hccnet.nl/h.g.muller/max-src2.html
|
@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
|
||||
Mydumper - MySQL数据库备份工具
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Mydumper 是MySQL数据库服务器备份工具,它比MySQL自带的mysqldump快很多。它还有在转储本身的时候检索远程服务器二进制日志文件的能力。
|
||||
|
||||
### Mydumper 的优势 ###
|
||||
|
||||
o 并行性 (因此有高速度) 和 性能 (避免了昂贵的字符集转换例程, 高效的代码)
|
||||
|
||||
o 更容易管理输出 (每个表独立的文件,转储元数据等,简单的查看/解析数据)
|
||||
|
||||
o 一致性 -- 在所有线程中维护快照, 提供准确的主从结点日志位置等。
|
||||
|
||||
o 可管理性 -- 支持对包含和排除指定的数据库和表的PCRE操作(译者注:PCRE,Perl Compatible Regular Expression,Perl兼容正则表达式)
|
||||
|
||||
### 在Ubuntu上安装 mydumper ###
|
||||
|
||||
打开终端运行以下命令
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install mydumper
|
||||
|
||||
### 使用 Mydumper ###
|
||||
|
||||
#### 语法 ####
|
||||
|
||||
mydumper [options]
|
||||
|
||||
应用程序选项:
|
||||
|
||||
- -B, --database 转储的数据库
|
||||
- -T, --tables-list 逗号分隔的转储表列表(不排除正则表达式)
|
||||
- -o, --outputdir 保存输出文件的目录
|
||||
- -s, --statement-size 插入语句的字节大小, 默认是1000000个字节
|
||||
- -r, --rows 把表分为每个这么多行的块
|
||||
- -c, --compress 压缩输出文件
|
||||
- -e, --build-empty-files 尽管表中没有数据也创建输出文件
|
||||
- -x, --regex 匹配‘db.table'的正则表达式
|
||||
- -i, --ignore-engines 逗号分隔的忽略存储引擎列表
|
||||
- -m, --no-schemas 不转储有数据的表架构
|
||||
- -k, --no-locks 不执行临时共享读锁. 警告: 这会导致备份的不一致性
|
||||
- -l, --long-query-guard 设置长查询的计时器秒数,默认是60秒
|
||||
- --kill-long-queries 杀死长查询 (而不是退出)
|
||||
- -b, --binlogs 获取二进制日志文件和转储数据的快照
|
||||
- -D, --daemon 开启守护进程模式
|
||||
- -I, --snapshot-interval 每个转储快照之间的间隔时间(分钟), 需要开启 --daemon, 默认是60分钟
|
||||
- -L, --logfile 日志文件的名字,默认是stdout
|
||||
- -h, --host 要连接的主机
|
||||
- -u, --user 有转储权限的用户名
|
||||
- -p, --password 用户密码
|
||||
- -P, --port 连接的TCP/IP端口
|
||||
- -S, --socket 用于连接的Unix套接字文件
|
||||
- -t, --threads 使用的线程数,默认是4
|
||||
- -C, --compress-protocol 在MySQL连接上使用压缩
|
||||
- -V, --version 查看程序版本号
|
||||
- -v, --verbose 输出信息的等级, 0 = silent, 1 = errors, 2 = warnings, 3 = info, 默认是2
|
||||
|
||||
#### Mydumper 例子 ####
|
||||
|
||||
mydumper \
|
||||
--database=$DB_NAME \
|
||||
--host=$DB_HOST \
|
||||
--user=$DB_USER \
|
||||
--password=$DB_PASS \
|
||||
--outputdir=$DB_DUMP \
|
||||
--rows=500000 \
|
||||
--compress \
|
||||
--build-empty-files \
|
||||
--threads=2 \
|
||||
--compress-protocol
|
||||
|
||||
Mydumper输出数据的说明
|
||||
|
||||
Mydumper不直接指定输出的文件,而是输出到文件夹的文件中。--outputdir 选项指定要使用的目录名称。
|
||||
|
||||
输出分为两部分
|
||||
|
||||
架构
|
||||
|
||||
对数据库中的每个表,创建包含 CREATE TABLE 语句的文件。文件命名为:
|
||||
|
||||
dbname.tablename-schema.sql.gz
|
||||
|
||||
数据
|
||||
|
||||
对于每个行数多余--rows参数的表, 创建文件名字为:
|
||||
|
||||
dbname.tablename.0000n.sql.gz
|
||||
|
||||
"n"从0开始.
|
||||
|
||||
你可以使用Myloader恢复这些备份
|
||||
|
||||
myloader \
|
||||
--database=$DB_NAME \
|
||||
--directory=$DB_DUMP \
|
||||
--queries-per-transaction=50000 \
|
||||
--threads=10 \
|
||||
--compress-protocol \
|
||||
--verbose=3
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.ubuntugeek.com/mydumper-mysql-database-backup-tool.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[ruchi][a]
|
||||
译者:[ictlyh](https://github.com/ictlyh)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.ubuntugeek.com/author/ubuntufix
|
@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
|
||||
在CentOS或者Redhat中如何为Apache Tomcat绑定IPv4
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
今天我们来学习一下如何在CentOS 7 Linux分布式系统中为Tomcat绑定IPv4
|
||||
|
||||
**Apache Tomcat** 是由[Apache Software Foundation][1] 开发的开源web服务器和servlet容器。它实现了Java Servlet,JavaServer页面(JSP),Java的统一表达式语言,以及Sun Microsystems的Java的WebSocket规范,并提供了一个运行java代码的web服务器环境。
|
||||
|
||||
如果由于默认绑定tomcat到IPv6而导致我们的web服务器不能正常工作,就有必要将tomcat绑定到IPv4。众所周知,IPv6是为设备分配IP地址的现代方法,虽然在不久的将来也许会得到应用,但是现在并没有得到完全应用。由于没有用处,目前我们并不需要将我们的Tomcat服务器向IPv6转换,我们应该将其绑定到IPv4。
|
||||
|
||||
在开始将tomcat绑定到IPv4之前,我们应该确保在我们的CentOS 7中已经安装了tomcat。这是一个[如何在CentOS 7.0服务器中安装tomcat 8][2]的指导。
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. 切换到tomcat用户 ###
|
||||
|
||||
首先,我们要切换到 **tomcat** 用户。我们可以通过在shell或者终端中运行 **su tomcat** 命令完成。
|
||||
|
||||
# su tomcat
|
||||
|
||||
![切换到tomcat用户](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/switch-user-tomcat.png)
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. 找到文件 Catalina.sh ###
|
||||
|
||||
现在我们要进入Apache Tomcat安装目录下的bin文件夹,通常是 **/usr/share/apache-tomcat-8.0.x/bin/**, 这里的x是 Apache Tomcat发行版的子版本号。因为我的CentOS 7服务器中安装的版本是8.0.18,这里我的目录是 **/usr/share/apache-tomcat-8.0.18/bin/**。
|
||||
|
||||
$ cd /usr/share/apache-tomcat-8.0.18/bin
|
||||
|
||||
**注意:请用你系统中安装的Apache Tomcat的版本号替换8.0.18。**
|
||||
|
||||
在bin目录中,有一个名字是catalina.sh的脚本文件。这就是我们要编辑的文件,我们将在里面增加一行将tomcat绑定到IPv4的配置信息。你可以通过在shell或者终端中运行命令 **ls** 来查看这个文件。
|
||||
|
||||
$ ls
|
||||
|
||||
![查找文件 catalina.sh](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/finding-catalina.sh_.png)
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. 配置 Catalina.sh ###
|
||||
|
||||
如图所示,我们将在catalina.sh脚本文件的最后增加一行 **JAVA_OPTS= "$JAVA_OPTS -Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=true -Djava.net.preferIPv4Addresses"**。我们可以使用我们喜欢的文本编辑器来编辑这个文件,例如nano,vim等等。这里我们使用nano。
|
||||
|
||||
$ nano catalina.sh
|
||||
|
||||
![Catalina script](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/catalina-script.png)
|
||||
|
||||
然后,如下图所示,将 **JAVA_OPTS= "$JAVA_OPTS -Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=true -Djava.net.preferIPv4Addresses"** 增加到文件。
|
||||
|
||||
![配置 catalina](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/configured-catalina.png)
|
||||
|
||||
现在,我们已经将配置信息增加到文件中。保存文件并退出nano。
|
||||
|
||||
### 4. 重启 ###
|
||||
|
||||
现在,我们通过重启tomcat服务器使配置生效。我们要先运行shutdown.sh,然后运行startup.sh。
|
||||
|
||||
$ ./shutdown.sh
|
||||
|
||||
运行可执行文件startup.sh:
|
||||
|
||||
$ ./startup.sh
|
||||
|
||||
![重启apache tomcat 服务器](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/restarting-tomcat-server.png)
|
||||
|
||||
这将重启我们的tomcat服务器并加载将服务器绑定到IPv4的配置信息。
|
||||
|
||||
### 结尾 ###
|
||||
|
||||
好了,我们终于将我们运行在CentOS 7 Linux分布式系统上的tomcat服务器绑定到IPv4上了。尽管IPv6在不久的将来也许会得到应用,但由于现在还没有使用,如果因为将你的Tomcat服务器绑定到IPv6上而使得你的tomcat服务器不工作,就有必要将tomcat绑定到IPv4上,这也很简单。如果你有任何疑问,建议,反馈,请在下面的评论框中写下来,让我们知道有什么需要增加或者改进。非常感谢!
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://linoxide.com/linux-how-to/bind-apache-tomcat-ipv4-centos/
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[Arun Pyasi][a]
|
||||
译者:[ictlyh](https://github.com/ictlyh)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://linoxide.com/author/arunp/
|
||||
[1]:http://www.apache.org/
|
||||
[2]:http://linoxide.com/linux-how-to/install-tomcat-8-centos-7/
|
@ -0,0 +1,314 @@
|
||||
如何在linux上使用Trickle来限制应用程序的网络宽带使用.
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
有没有遇到过系统中的某个应用程序独占了你所有的网络宽带的情形?如果你有过这样的遭遇,那么你就会感受到Trickle宽带调整应用角色的价值.不管你是一个系统管理员还是仅仅Linux用户,都需要学习如何控制应用程序的上下行速度,来确保你的网络宽带不会被某个程序
|
||||
霸占.
|
||||
|
||||
![Install Trickle Bandwidth Limit in Linux](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Bandwidth-limit-trickle.png)
|
||||
Install Trickle Bandwidth Limit in Linux
|
||||
|
||||
### 什么是 Trickle? ###
|
||||
|
||||
Trickle是一个网络宽带调整工具,可以让我们管理应用程序的网络上下行速度,使得可以避免其中的某个应用程序吃掉了全部或大部分可用的宽带.换句话说,Trickle可以让你基于单个应用程序来控制
|
||||
网络流量速率,而不是仅仅针对与单个用户--在客户端网络环境中经典的宽带调整样例,
|
||||
|
||||
### Trickle是如何工作的?###
|
||||
|
||||
另外,tricle可以帮助我们基于应用来定义优先级,所以当对整个系统进行了全局限制设定,高优先级的应用依然会自动地获取更多的宽带。为了实现这个目标,tricle设置通过TCP连接的套接字对数
|
||||
据发送、数据接收路径的流量限制。我们必须注意到,除了影响传输速率之外,tricle任何时候都不会以任何方式来改变其处理过程。
|
||||
|
||||
### Trickle不能做什么? ###
|
||||
|
||||
这么说吧,唯一的限制就是,tricle静态连接的应用或者具有SUID或SGID位设置的二进制--因为他们使用动态链接并且将其自身加载到调整过程以及其关联的网络套接字之间。 Trickle此时会在这两种软件
|
||||
组件之间扮演代理的角色。
|
||||
|
||||
由于trickle并不会需要超级用户的权限来运行,所以用户可以设置用户独立的流量限制,可能这并不是你想要的,我们会探索如何使用全局设定来限制系统中的所有用户的流量限制。也即是说,此时系统中的每个用户具有管理
|
||||
各自的流量速率,但是无论如何,都会受到系统管理员给他们设置的边界限制。
|
||||
|
||||
在这边文章中,我们会描述如何通过trickle在linux平台上管理应用程序使用的网络宽带。为了生成必要流量,在此会在客户端(CentOS 7 server – dev1: 192.168.0.17)上使用 ncftpput 和
|
||||
ncftpget, 在服务器(Debian Wheezy 7.5 – dev2: 192.168.0.15)上使用vsftpd 来进行演示。 相同的指令也可以在RedHat,Fedora和Ubuntu等系统使用。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 前提条件 ####
|
||||
|
||||
1. 对于 RHEL/CentOS 7/6, [开启EPEL仓库][1]。EPEL的Extra Packages是一个 有Fedora项目维护的高质量、开源的软件仓库,而且百分之百与其衍生产品相兼容,如
|
||||
企业版本Linux和CentOS. 在这个仓库中trickle和ncftp两者都是可用的。
|
||||
|
||||
2. 按照如下方式安装ncftp:
|
||||
|
||||
# yum update && sudo yum install ncftp [On RedHat based systems]
|
||||
# aptitude update && aptitude install ncftp [On Debian based systems]
|
||||
|
||||
3. 在单独的服务器上设置一个FTP服务器。需要注意的是,尽管FTP天生就不安全,但是
|
||||
仍然被广泛应用在安全性无关紧要的文件上传下载中。 在这篇文章中我们使用它来演示
|
||||
trickle的优点,同时它也会在客户端的标准输出流中显示传输速率,我们将是否在另外
|
||||
的日期时间中使用放在一边讨论。
|
||||
|
||||
# yum update && yum install vsftpd [On RedHat based systems]
|
||||
# aptitude update && aptitude install vsftpd [On Debian based systems]
|
||||
|
||||
现在,在FTP服务器上按照以下方式编辑 /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf 文件。
|
||||
|
||||
anonymous_enable=NO
|
||||
local_enable=YES
|
||||
chroot_local_user=YES
|
||||
allow_writeable_chroot=YES
|
||||
|
||||
在此之后,确保在你的当前会话中开启了vsftpd,并在之后的启动中让其自动启动。
|
||||
|
||||
# systemctl start vsftpd [For systemd-based systems]
|
||||
# systemctl enable vsftpd
|
||||
# service vsftpd start [For init-based systems]
|
||||
# chkconfig vsftpd on
|
||||
|
||||
4. 如果你选在在一个CentOS/RHEL 7中为FTP服务器的远程访问配备SSH秘钥,你需要
|
||||
一个具有适合访问root目录之外的目录和文件内容上传下载权限并密码受保护的用户账户。
|
||||
|
||||
你可以通过在你的浏览器中输入以下的URL来浏览你的Home目录。一个登陆窗口会弹出来
|
||||
提示你输入FTP服务器中的有效的用户名和密码。
|
||||
|
||||
ftp://192.168.0.15
|
||||
|
||||
如果验证成功,你就会看到你的home目录中的内容。该教程的稍后部分中,你将可以刷新
|
||||
页面来显示在你之前上传过的文件。
|
||||
|
||||
![FTP Directory Tree](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/FTP-Directory-Tree.png)
|
||||
FTP Directory Tree
|
||||
|
||||
### 如何在Linux中安装 Tricle ###
|
||||
|
||||
1. 通过yum或aptitude来安装tricle.
|
||||
|
||||
为了确保能够成功安装,最好在安装工具之前,保证当前的安装包是最新的版本。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# yum -y update && yum install trickle [On RedHat based systems]
|
||||
# aptitude -y update && aptitude install trickle [On Debian based systems]
|
||||
|
||||
2. 确认trickle是否对特定的二进制包有用。
|
||||
|
||||
之前我们解释过,trickle只对使用动态或共享包的二进制包有用。为了确认我们是否可以对某个特定的应用使用trickle,我们可以使用著名的ldd(
|
||||
列出动态依赖)工具。 特别地,我们会查看任何给定程序的动态依赖中检查其当前使用的glibc,因为其准确地定义了使用套接字交流中使用的系统调用。
|
||||
|
||||
对一个给定的二进制包执行以下命令来查看是否能对其使用trickle进行宽带调整:
|
||||
|
||||
# ldd $(which [binary]) | grep libc.so
|
||||
|
||||
例如,
|
||||
|
||||
# ldd $(which ncftp) | grep libc.so
|
||||
|
||||
其输出是:
|
||||
|
||||
# libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x00007efff2e6c000)
|
||||
|
||||
输出中的括号中的字符可能在不同的系统平台中发生改变,甚至相同的命令在不同的时候运行也会,因为其代表包加载到物理内存中的地址。
|
||||
|
||||
如果上面的命令没有返回任何的结果,就说明这个二进制包没有使用libc包,因此tricle对其不能起到宽带调整的作用。
|
||||
|
||||
### 学习如何使用Trickle###
|
||||
|
||||
最基本的用法就是使用其单模式,通过这种方式,trickle用来显示地定义给定应用程序的上传下载速率。如前所述,为了简单性,我们会使用相同的应用
|
||||
来进行上传下载测试。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 在单模式下运行trickle####
|
||||
|
||||
我们会比较在有无trickle的情况下的上传下载速率, ‘-d’选项指示下载速率(KB/s单位),而'-u'选项指示相同单位的上传速率。另外我们会使用到‘-s’
|
||||
选项来指定trickle应该以单模式运行。
|
||||
|
||||
以单模式运行trickle的基本语法如下:
|
||||
|
||||
# trickle -s -d [download rate in KB/s] -u [upload rate in KB/s]
|
||||
|
||||
为了能够让你自己运行以下样例,确保你在自己的客户端安装了trickle和ncftp(我的是192.168.0.17)。
|
||||
|
||||
**样例1:在有无trickle的情况下上传一个2.8 MB的PDF文件。**
|
||||
|
||||
我们使用一个自由发布的LInux基础知识PDF文件来进行下面的测试[文件链接][2]。
|
||||
|
||||
你可以首先使用下面的命令将这个文件下载到你当前的工作目录中:
|
||||
# wget http://linux-training.be/files/books/LinuxFun.pdf
|
||||
|
||||
下面是在没有trickle的情况下将一个文件上传到我们的FTP服务器的语法:
|
||||
|
||||
# ncftpput -u username -p password 192.168.0.15 /remote_directory local-filename
|
||||
|
||||
其中的 /remote_directory 是相对于用户名的Home目录的上传路径,而local-filename是一个你当前工作目录中的文件。
|
||||
|
||||
特别的是,在没有trickle的情形下,我们可以得到上传峰值速率52.02MB/s(请注意,这个不是真正的平均上传速率,而是峰值开始的瞬时值),而且这个文件几乎
|
||||
在瞬间就完成了上传。
|
||||
|
||||
# ncftpput -u username -p password 192.168.0.15 /testdir LinuxFun.pdf
|
||||
|
||||
输出:
|
||||
|
||||
LinuxFun.pdf: 2.79 MB 52.02 MB/s
|
||||
|
||||
在使用trickle的情况下,我们会限制上传速率在5KB/s。在第二次上传文件之前,我们需要在目标目录中删除这个文件,否则ncftp就会通知我们在目标
|
||||
目录中已经存在了与上传文件相同的文件,从而不会执行文件的传输:
|
||||
# rm /absolute/path/to/destination/directory/LinuxFun.pdf
|
||||
|
||||
然后:
|
||||
|
||||
# trickle -s -u 5 ncftpput -u username -p password 111.111.111.111 /testdir LinuxFun.pdf
|
||||
|
||||
输出:
|
||||
|
||||
LinuxFun.pdf: 2.79 MB 4.94 kB/s
|
||||
|
||||
在上面的样例中,我们看到平均的上传速率下降到了5KB/s。
|
||||
|
||||
**样例2:在有无trickle的情况下下载相同过得2.8MB的PDF文件**
|
||||
|
||||
首先,记得从原来的源文目录中删除这个PDF:
|
||||
|
||||
# rm /absolute/path/to/source/directory/LinuxFun.pdf
|
||||
|
||||
请注意,下面的样例中将远程的文件下载到客户端机器的当前目录下,这是由FTP服务器的IP地址后面的·.·决定的。
|
||||
|
||||
没有trickle的情况下:
|
||||
|
||||
# ncftpget -u username -p password 111.111.111.111 . /testdir/LinuxFun.pdf
|
||||
|
||||
输出:
|
||||
|
||||
LinuxFun.pdf: 2.79 MB 260.53 MB/s
|
||||
|
||||
在有trickle的情况下,限制下载速率在20KB/s:
|
||||
|
||||
# trickle -s -d 30 ncftpget -u username -p password 111.111.111.111 . /testdir/LinuxFun.pdf
|
||||
|
||||
输出:
|
||||
|
||||
LinuxFun.pdf: 2.79 MB 17.76 kB/s
|
||||
|
||||
### 在有监督的模式下运行Trickle [未管理的]###
|
||||
|
||||
Tricle也可以在未管理的模式下运行,通过跟随在/etc/tricled.conf文件中定义的一系列参数。 这个文件定义了守护线程 trickled的行为以及如何管理tricle。
|
||||
|
||||
另外,如果你想要全局设置被所有的应用程序使用的话,我们就会需要使用tricle命令。 这个命令运行守护线程并允许我们通过trickle定义所有应用程序共享的上传下载限制,不需要我们每次来进行指定。
|
||||
|
||||
例如,运行:
|
||||
|
||||
# trickled -d 50 -u 10
|
||||
|
||||
会导致任何通过tricle运行的应用程序的上传下载速率分别限制在30kb/s和10kb/s。
|
||||
|
||||
请注意,你可以在任何时间都能确认守护线程tricled是否正在运行以及其运行参数:
|
||||
|
||||
# ps -ef | grep trickled | grep -v grep
|
||||
|
||||
输出:
|
||||
|
||||
root 16475 1 0 Dec24 ? 00:00:04 trickled -d 50 -u 10
|
||||
|
||||
**样例3:在是否使用tricle的情形下上传一个 19MB 的mp4文件到我们的FTP服务器。**
|
||||
|
||||
在这个样例中,我们会使用“He is the gift”的自由分布视频,可以通过这个[链接][3]下载。
|
||||
|
||||
我们将会在开始通过以下的命令将这个文件下载到你的当前工作目录中:
|
||||
|
||||
# wget http://media2.ldscdn.org/assets/missionary/our-people-2014/2014-00-1460-he-is-the-gift-360p-eng.mp4
|
||||
|
||||
首先,我们会使用之前列出的命令来开启守护进程trickled:
|
||||
|
||||
# trickled -d 30 -u 10
|
||||
|
||||
在没有trickle时:
|
||||
|
||||
# ncftpput -u username -p password 192.168.0.15 /testdir 2014-00-1460-he-is-the-gift-360p-eng.mp4
|
||||
|
||||
输出:
|
||||
|
||||
2014-00-1460-he-is-the-gift-360p-eng.mp4: 18.53 MB 36.31 MB/s
|
||||
|
||||
有trickle的时:
|
||||
|
||||
# trickle ncftpput -u username -p password 192.168.0.15 /testdir 2014-00-1460-he-is-the-gift-360p-eng.mp4
|
||||
|
||||
输出:
|
||||
|
||||
2014-00-1460-he-is-the-gift-360p-eng.mp4: 18.53 MB 9.51 kB/s
|
||||
|
||||
我们可以看到上面的输出,上传的速率下降到了约 10KB/s。
|
||||
|
||||
** 样例4:在有无trickle的情形下下载这个相同的视频 **
|
||||
|
||||
与样例2一样,我们会将该文件下载到当前工作目录中。
|
||||
|
||||
在没有trickle时:
|
||||
|
||||
# ncftpget -u username -p password 192.168.0.15 . /testdir/2014-00-1460-he-is-the-gift-360p-eng.mp4
|
||||
|
||||
输出:
|
||||
|
||||
2014-00-1460-he-is-the-gift-360p-eng.mp4: 18.53 MB 108.34 MB/s
|
||||
|
||||
有trickle的时:
|
||||
|
||||
# trickle ncftpget -u username -p password 111.111.111.111 . /testdir/2014-00-1460-he-is-the-gift-360p-eng.mp4
|
||||
|
||||
输出:
|
||||
2014-00-1460-he-is-the-gift-360p-eng.mp4: 18.53 MB 29.28 kB/s
|
||||
|
||||
上面的结果与我们之前设置的下载限速相对应(30KB/s)。
|
||||
|
||||
**注意:** 一旦守护进程开启之后,没有必要使用trickle来为每个应用程序来单独设置限制。
|
||||
|
||||
如前所述,每个人都可以进一步地通过tricled.conf来客制化tricle的宽带速率调整,该文件的一个典型的分区有以下部分组成:
|
||||
|
||||
[service]
|
||||
Priority = <value>
|
||||
Time-Smoothing = <value>
|
||||
Length-Smoothing = <value>
|
||||
|
||||
其中,
|
||||
|
||||
- [service] 用来指示我们想要对其进行宽带使用调整的应用程序名称
|
||||
- Priority 用来让我们为某个服务制定一个相对于其他服务高的优先级,这样就不允许守护进程管理中的一个单独的应用程序来占用所有的宽带。越小的数字代表更高的优先级。
|
||||
- Time-Smoothing [以秒计]: 定义了trickled让各个应用程序传输或接收数据的时间间隔。小的间隔值(0.1-1秒)对于交互式应用程序是理想的,因为这样会具有一个更加平滑的会话体验,而一个相对较大
|
||||
的时间间隔值(1-10秒)对于需要批量传输应用程序就会显得更好。如果没有指定该值,默认是5秒。
|
||||
- Length-smoothing [KB 单位]: 该想法与Time-Smoothing如出一辙,但是是基于I/O操作而言。如果没有指定值,会使用默认的10KB。
|
||||
|
||||
平滑值的改变会被翻译为将指定的服务的使用一个间隔值而不是一个固定值。不幸的是,没有一个特定的公式来计算间隔值的上下限,主要依赖于特定的应用场景。
|
||||
|
||||
下面是一个在CentOS 7 客户端中的tricled.conf 样例文件(192.168.0.17):
|
||||
|
||||
[ssh]
|
||||
Priority = 1
|
||||
Time-Smoothing = 0.1
|
||||
Length-Smoothing = 2
|
||||
|
||||
[ftp]
|
||||
Priority = 2
|
||||
Time-Smoothing = 1
|
||||
Length-Smoothing = 3
|
||||
|
||||
使用该设置,tricled会为SSH赋予比FTP较高的传输优先级。值得注意的是,一个交互进程,例如SSH,使用了一个较小的时间间隔值,然而一个处理批量数据传输的服务如FTP使用一个较大的时间
|
||||
间隔来负责之前的样例中的上传下载速率,尽管不是百分百的有trickled指定的值,但是也已经非常接近了。
|
||||
|
||||
### 总结 ###
|
||||
在该文章中,我们探索了任何使用trickle在基于Fedora发行版和Debian衍生版平台上来限制应用程序的宽带使用.也包含了其他的可能用法,但是不对以下情形进行限制:
|
||||
|
||||
- 限制系统下载工具的下载速度,例如[wget][4],或 BT客户端.
|
||||
|
||||
- 限制你的系统的包管理工具`[yun][5]`更新的速度 (如果是基于Debian系统的话,其包管理工具为`[aptitude][6]`)。
|
||||
|
||||
- 如果你的服务器是在一个代理或防火墙后面(或者其本身即是代理或防火墙的话),你可以使用trickle来同时设定下载和上传速率,或者与客户端或外部交流速率。
|
||||
|
||||
欢迎提问或留言.
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.tecmint.com/manage-and-limit-downloadupload-bandwidth-with-trickle-in-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[Gabriel Cánepa][a]
|
||||
译者:[theo-l](https://github.com/theo-l)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.tecmint.com/author/gacanepa/
|
||||
[1]:http://www.tecmint.com/how-to-enable-epel-repository-for-rhel-centos-6-5/
|
||||
[2]:http://linux-training.be/files/books/LinuxFun.pdf
|
||||
[3]:http://media2.ldscdn.org/assets/missionary/our-people-2014/2014-00-1460-he-is-the-gift-360p-eng.mp4
|
||||
[4]:http://www.tecmint.com/10-wget-command-examples-in-linux/
|
||||
[5]:http://www.tecmint.com/20-linux-yum-yellowdog-updater-modified-commands-for-package-mangement/
|
||||
[6]:http://www.tecmint.com/dpkg-command-examples/
|
@ -1,85 +0,0 @@
|
||||
设置Ubuntu14.04无密码登录SSH
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
大家好,今天我来向大家介绍如何在可信的Ubuntu12.04上设置无密码登录SSH功能。仅在工作站有正确的(公私)密钥以供匹配时SSH服务端才会允许你登录,反之访问将不会被允许。
|
||||
|
||||
正常情况下,我们需要连上SSH的控制台输入用户名和密码,两者结合使用。如果两者全部正确,我们就可以访问,反之访问被服务端拒绝。不过相比而言还有一种比用密码更安全的登录方式,我们用的不是密码在登录SSH我们用的是密钥。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你想使用这个安全的方式,我们只需简单的禁用密码登录并只允许密钥即可。使用这种方式时,客户端计算机上会产生公私一对密钥。接着客户端得把公钥上传到SSH服务端的密要验证文件中去。在访问被授予前,服务器及客户端电脑互验密钥对。如果服务器上的公钥与客服端提交的私钥匹配访问开始,否则访问被拒绝。
|
||||
|
||||
这是获取SSH服务器认证中非常安全的一种做法,如果你想为SSH用户登录实施安全的认证,这也是备受推崇的方式。这里快速的过一遍允许无密码登录SSH的配置过程。
|
||||
|
||||
### 1.安装Openssh服务端 ###
|
||||
|
||||
首先,我们需要更新我们的本地库索引。所以如下所见,我们需要先输入“apt-get update”
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get update
|
||||
|
||||
![Updating Repo Index](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/updating-repo-list.png)
|
||||
|
||||
现在我们可以通过以下命令安装openssh-server:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install openssh-server
|
||||
|
||||
![Installing openssh server](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/installing-openssh-server.png)
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. 开启openssh服务 ###
|
||||
|
||||
在OpenSSH已经成功安装在Ubuntu14.04操作系统上了之后,我们要启动OpenSSH的服务。以下命令让你启动/开启服务。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo service ssh start
|
||||
|
||||
OR
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo /etc/init.d/ssh start
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. 配置密钥对 ###
|
||||
|
||||
在我们安装并启动了OpenSSH服务以后。现在终于到了要我们搞定公私钥对的时候了,在终端中运行以下命令:
|
||||
|
||||
$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
|
||||
|
||||
在运行完以上命令了以后,我们完成一系列的提示的任务。首先选择保存密钥路径,按回车将会选择默认路径即家目录的一个隐藏的.ssh文件夹。下一个提示是请输入提醒。我个人将此留白(回车过)。之后密钥对就会创建,大功告成。
|
||||
|
||||
![Generating Key Pair](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/generating-key-pair.png)
|
||||
|
||||
在密钥对生成以后,我们需要将**客户端的上的公钥复制到SSH服务端**或者宿主来创建对客户端的信任关系。运行以下命令复制客户端的公钥到服务端。
|
||||
|
||||
$ ssh-copy-id user@ip_address
|
||||
|
||||
在公钥上传之后,我们现在可以不用通过密码登陆SSH了。为此,我们需要通过以下命令用文本编辑器打开**etc/ssh/ssh_config**。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config
|
||||
|
||||
现在,我们需要按照下图所示去到几行注释并进行一些赋值。
|
||||
|
||||
![Configuring sshd Config](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/configuring-sshd_config.png)
|
||||
|
||||
### 4. 重启SSH服务 ###
|
||||
|
||||
最后,在我们配置完SSH服务端后,为了使改动生效我们需要重启SSH服务。在终端或控制台运行以下命令重启。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo service ssh restart
|
||||
|
||||
OR
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo /etc/init.d/ssh restart
|
||||
|
||||
![Restarting ssh](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/restarting-ssh.png)
|
||||
|
||||
现在,我们可以试试不用密码仅用密钥配对的方式登录ssh服务端了。
|
||||
|
||||
### 总结 ###
|
||||
|
||||
太好了!我们成功的配置了无密码登录SSH。这是获取SSH服务器认证中非常安全的一种做法,如果你想为SSH但用户登录实施安全的认证这也是备受推崇的方式。所以,如果你还有什么问题或建议,请在意见框中向我们反馈。很欣慰你能读完,祝你SSH登录愉快 :-)
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://linoxide.com/ubuntu-how-to/setup-passwordless-ssh-logon-ubuntu-14-04/
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[Arun Pyasi][a]
|
||||
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://linoxide.com/author/arunp/
|
@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
|
||||
Linux有问必答-- 如何在VPS上安装和访问CentOS远程桌面
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
> **提问**: 我想在VPS中安装CentOS桌面,并可以直接从我家远程访问GUI桌面。有什么建议可以在VPS上设置和访问CentOS远程桌面?
|
||||
|
||||
如何远程办公或者远程弹性化工作制在技术领域正变得越来越流行。这个趋势背后的一个技术就是远程桌面。你的桌面环境在云中,你可以在任何你去的地方,或者在家或者工作场所访问你的远程桌面。
|
||||
|
||||
这个教程介绍如何VPS中设置基于CentOS的远程桌面。现在,我们会先展示CentOS的基础环境。
|
||||
|
||||
我们假设你已经创建了CentOS 7的VPS实例(比如,使用[DigitalOcean][1] 或者 Amazon EC2)。请确保你的VPS实例有至少1GB的内存。不然,CentOS将会在你访问远程桌面的时候回崩溃。
|
||||
|
||||
### 第一步: 安装CentOS桌面 ###
|
||||
|
||||
如果现在的CentOS版本是没有桌面的最小版本,你需要先在VPS上安装桌面(比如GNOME)。比如,DigitalOcean的镜像就是最小版本,它需要如下安装[桌面GUI][2]
|
||||
|
||||
# yum groupinstall "GNOME Desktop"
|
||||
|
||||
在安装完成之后重启VPS。
|
||||
|
||||
### 第二步:安装和配置VNC服务器 ###
|
||||
|
||||
接下来就是安装和配置VNC服务器。我们使用的是TigerVNC,一个开源的VNC服务实现。
|
||||
|
||||
# yum install tigervnc-server
|
||||
|
||||
现在创建一个用户账户(比如:xmodulo)用来访问远程桌面。
|
||||
|
||||
# useradd xmodulo
|
||||
# passwd xmodulo
|
||||
|
||||
当一个用户尝试使用VNC访问远程桌面时,VNC守护进程就会启动来处理这个请求。这意味着你需要为每个用户创建一个独立的VNC配置文件。
|
||||
|
||||
CentOS依靠systemd来管理和配置系统服务。所以我们将使用systemd来为用户xmodulo配置VNC服务器。
|
||||
|
||||
首先让我们使用下面任意一条命令来检查VNC服务器的状态。
|
||||
|
||||
# systemctl status vncserver@:.service
|
||||
# systemctl is-enabled vncserver@.service
|
||||
|
||||
默认上,刚安装的VNC服务并没有激活(禁用)。
|
||||
|
||||
![](https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7613/16877514732_8ccffe7b6b_b.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
现在服务一份通用的VNC服务文件来位用户xmodulo创建一个VNC服务配置。
|
||||
|
||||
# cp /lib/systemd/system/vncserver@.service /etc/systemd/system/vncserver@:1.service
|
||||
|
||||
用本文编辑器来打开配置文件,用实际的用户名(比如:xmodulo)来替换[Service]下面的<USER>。同样。在ExecStart后面追加 "-geometry <resolution>" 参数。最后,要修改下面两行加粗字体的两行。
|
||||
|
||||
# vi /etc/systemd/system/vncserver@:1.service
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
[Service]
|
||||
Type=forking
|
||||
# Clean any existing files in /tmp/.X11-unix environment
|
||||
ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c '/usr/bin/vncserver -kill %i > /dev/null 2>&1 || :'
|
||||
ExecStart=/sbin/runuser -l xmodulo -c "/usr/bin/vncserver %i -geometry 1024x768"
|
||||
PIDFile=/home/xmodulo/.vnc/%H%i.pid
|
||||
ExecStop=/bin/sh -c '/usr/bin/vncserver -kill %i > /dev/null 2>&1 || :'
|
||||
|
||||
现在为用户xmodulo设置密码(可选)。首先切换到该用户,并运行vncserver命令。
|
||||
|
||||
# su - xmodulo
|
||||
# vncserver
|
||||
|
||||
你会被提示输入用户的VNC密码。密码设置完成后,你下次需要用这个密码来访问你的远程桌面。
|
||||
|
||||
![](https://farm9.staticflickr.com/8752/16692564599_9c4e5da1b6_b.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
最后,重新加载服务来使新的VNC配置生效:
|
||||
|
||||
# systemctl daemon-reload
|
||||
|
||||
在启动时自动启动VNC服务:
|
||||
|
||||
# systemctl enable vncserver@:1.service
|
||||
|
||||
检查vnc服务正在监听的端口:
|
||||
|
||||
# netstat -tulpn | grep vnc
|
||||
|
||||
![](https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7625/16692646729_7bb16c4897_b.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
端口5901是VNC默认的客户端连接到VNC服务器使用的端口。
|
||||
|
||||
### 第三步:通过SSH连接到远程桌面 ###
|
||||
|
||||
设计上,VNC使用的远程帧缓存(RFB)并不是一种安全的协议。那么在VNC客户端上直接连接到VNC服务器上并不是一个好主意。任何敏感信息比如密码都可以在VNC流量中被轻易地泄露。因此,我强烈建议使用SSH隧道来[加密你的VNC流量][3]。
|
||||
|
||||
在你要运行VNC客户端的本机上,使用下面的命令来创建一个连接到远程VPS的SSH通道。当被要输入SSH密码时,输入用户的密码。
|
||||
|
||||
$ ssh xmodulo@<VPS-IP-address> -L 5901:127.0.0.1:5901
|
||||
|
||||
用你自己的VNC用户名来替换“xmodulo”,并填上你自己的VPS IP地址。
|
||||
|
||||
一旦SSH通道建立之后,远程VNC流量就会通过ssh通道路由并发送到127.0.0.1:5901。
|
||||
|
||||
现在启动你最爱的VNC客户端(比如:vinagre),来连接到127.0.0.1:5901。
|
||||
|
||||
![](https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7639/16691289910_fae83510fb_o.png)
|
||||
|
||||
你将被要求输入VNC密码。当你输入VNC密码时,你就可以安全地连接到CentOS的远程桌面了.
|
||||
|
||||
![](https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7614/16877678411_aa8349f6b1_c.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
![](https://farm9.staticflickr.com/8702/16256320434_81f9b5b70c_c.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://ask.xmodulo.com/centos-remote-desktop-vps.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[Dan Nanni][a]
|
||||
译者:[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://ask.xmodulo.com/author/nanni
|
||||
[1]:http://xmodulo.com/go/digitalocean
|
||||
[2]:http://xmodulo.com/how-to-install-gnome-desktop-on-centos.html
|
||||
[3]:http://xmodulo.com/how-to-set-up-vnc-over-ssh.html
|
@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
|
||||
创建你自己的Docker基本映像的2中方式
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
欢迎大家,今天我们学习一下docker基本映像以及如何构建我们自己的docker基本映像。[Docker][1]是一个开源项目,为打包,装载和运行任何应用提供开发平台的轻量级容器。它没有语言支持,框架和打包系统的限制,从小型的家用电脑到高端的服务器,在何时何地都可以运行。这使它们成为不依赖于特定栈和供应商,很好的部署和扩展网络应用,数据库和后端服务的构建块。
|
||||
|
||||
Docker映像是不可更改的只读层。Docker使用**Union File System**在只读文件系统上增加读写文件系统。但所有更改都发生在最顶层的可写层,最底部,在只读映像上的原始文件仍然不会改变。由于映像不会改变,也就没有状态。基本映像是没有父类的那些映像。Docker基本映像主要的好处是它允许我们有一个独立允许的Linux操作系统。
|
||||
|
||||
下面是我们如何可以创建自定义基本映像的方式。
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. 使用Tar创建Docker基本映像 ###
|
||||
|
||||
我们可以使用tar构建我们自己的基本映像,我们从将要打包为基本映像的运行中的Linux发行版开始构建。这过程可以会有些不同,它取决于我们打算构建的发行版。在Linux的发行版Debian中,已经预装了debootstrap。在开始下面的步骤之前,我们需要安装debootstrap。debootstrap用来获取构建基本系统需要的包。这里,我们构建基于Ubuntu 14.04 "Trusty" 的映像。做这些,我们需要在终端或者shell中运行以下命令。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo debootstrap trusty trusty > /dev/null
|
||||
$ sudo tar -C trusty -c . | sudo docker import - trusty
|
||||
|
||||
![使用debootstrap构建docker基本映像](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/creating-base-image-debootstrap.png)
|
||||
|
||||
上面的命令为当前文件夹创建了一个tar文件并输出到STDOUT中,"docker import - trusty"从STDIN中获取这个tar文件并根据它创建一个名为trusty的基本映像。然后,如下所示,我们将运行映像内部的一条测试命令。
|
||||
|
||||
$ docker run trusty cat /etc/lsb-release
|
||||
|
||||
[Docker GitHub Repo][2] 中有一些允许我们快速构建基本映像的事例脚本.
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. 使用Scratch构建基本映像 ###
|
||||
|
||||
在Docker的注册表中,有一个被称为Scratch的使用空tar文件构建的特殊库:
|
||||
|
||||
$ tar cv --files-from /dev/null | docker import - scratch
|
||||
|
||||
![使用scratch构建docker基本映像](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/creating-base-image-using-scratch.png)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
我们可以使用这个映像构建新的小容器:
|
||||
|
||||
FROM scratch
|
||||
ADD script.sh /usr/local/bin/run.sh
|
||||
CMD ["/usr/local/bin/run.sh"]
|
||||
|
||||
上面的Docker文件来自一个很小的映像。这里,它首先从一个完全空的文件系统开始,然后它复制新建的/usr/local/bin/run.sh为script.sh,然后运行脚本/usr/local/bin/run.sh。
|
||||
|
||||
### 结尾 ###
|
||||
|
||||
这这个教程中,我们学习了如果构建一个自定义的Docker基本映像。构建一个docker基本映像是一个很简单的任务,因为这里有很多已经可用的包和脚本。如果我们想要在里面安装想要的东西,构建docker基本映像非常有用。如果有任何疑问,建议或者反馈,请在下面的评论框中写下来。非常感谢!享受吧 :-)
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://linoxide.com/linux-how-to/2-ways-create-docker-base-image/
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[Arun Pyasi][a]
|
||||
译者:[ictlyh](https://github.com/ictlyh)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://linoxide.com/author/arunp/
|
||||
[1]:https://www.docker.com/
|
||||
[2]:https://github.com/docker/docker/blob/master/contrib/mkimage-busybox.sh
|
@ -1,42 +1,41 @@
|
||||
translating wi-cuckoo LLAP
|
||||
Its Now Worth Try Installing PHP 7.0 on CentOS 7.x / Fedora 21
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
PHP is a well known general purpose, server side web scripting language. A vast majority of online websites are coded in this language. PHP is ever evolving, feature rich, easy to use and well organized scripting language. Currently PHP development team is working on next major release of PHP, named PHP 7. The current production PHP version is PHP 5.6, as you might already know that PHP 6 was aborted in the past, the supporters of PHP 7 did not want the next important PHP version to be confused with that branch that was killed long time in the past. So it has been decided to name the next major release of PHP as PHP 7 instead of 6. PHP 7.0 is supposed to be released in November this year.
|
||||
现在值得去尝试一下在CentOS 7.x或Fedora 21上面安装PHP 7.0
|
||||
===============================================================================
|
||||
PHP是一种为我们熟知的通用的,服务器网页脚本语言。超大量的在线网站都是用PHP编写的。PHP过去一直在更新,丰富功能,易于使用,而且很好组织的脚本语言。目前PHP的开发团队正筹备下一个PHP版本的发行,名字是PHP 7。现在的PHP版本为PHP 5.6,可能你清楚PHP 6已经流产了,PHP 7的支持者们不希望下一个重要的版本被其他分支混淆,即过去已经停止很久的PHP 6。所以决定下一个PHP主要的发行版本叫PHP 7,而不是PHP 6。PHP 7.0预计在今年十一月份发行。
|
||||
|
||||
Here are some of the prominent features in next major PHP release.
|
||||
在下一个主要的PHP发行版里有一些不错的功能。
|
||||
|
||||
- In order to improve performance and memory footprints PHPNG feature has been added to this new release.
|
||||
- JIT engine has been included to dynamically compile Zend opcodes into native machine code in order to achieve faster processing. This feature will allow subsequent calls to the same code so that it may run much faster.
|
||||
- AST (Abstract Syntax Tree) is a newly added feature which will enhance support for php extensions and userland applications.
|
||||
- Asynchronous Programming feature will add support for parallel tasks within the same request.
|
||||
- New version will support for stand alone multi-threading web server so that it may handle many simultaneous requests using a single memory pool.
|
||||
- 为了提升执行效率与记忆痕迹,PHPNG功能被添加到新的发行版中。
|
||||
- JIT引擎被收入来动态编译Zend操作码为自然机器码,以此来达到更快的处理性能。这项功能允许随后的程序调用同一份代码,这样会运行快很多。
|
||||
- AST(抽象语法树)是最新添加的功能,它可以增强支持PHP的扩展性和用户应用。
|
||||
- 异步编程功能会添加支持并行任务,在同样的需求下。
|
||||
-新的版本会支持独立多线程网页服务,这样可以使用一个单独的存储块处理很多并发的请求。
|
||||
|
||||
### Installing PHP 7 on Centos / Fedora ###
|
||||
### 在CcentOS/Fedora上安装PHP 7 ###
|
||||
|
||||
Lets see how we can install PHP7 on Centos 7 and Fedora 21. In order to install PHP7 we will need to first clone php-src repository. Once cloning process is complete, we will configure and compile it. Before we proceed, lets ensure that we do have followings installed on our Linux system otherwise PHP compile process will return errors and abort.
|
||||
让我们来看看怎样在CentOS 7和Fedora 21安装PHP7。为了安装PHP7,我们首先需要克隆php-src 仓库。当克隆工作完成,我们会配置和编译它。进行下一步之前,我们要确保已经在LInux系统下安装了如下的东西,否则PHP编译会返回错误,然后流产。
|
||||
|
||||
- Git
|
||||
- autoconf
|
||||
- gcc
|
||||
- bison
|
||||
|
||||
All of the above metioned prerequisits can be installed using Yum package manager. The following single command should take care of this:
|
||||
所有上面提到的要求可以使用Yum软件包管理器安装。用连续的一个命令应该这样:
|
||||
|
||||
yum install git autoconf gcc bison
|
||||
|
||||
yum install git autoconf gcc bison
|
||||
准备好开始安装PHP7了吗?让我们先创建一个PHP7目录,作为你的工作目录。
|
||||
|
||||
mkdir php7
|
||||
|
||||
Ready to start PHP7 installation process ? Lets first create PHP7 directory and make it your working directory.
|
||||
cd php7
|
||||
|
||||
mkdir php7
|
||||
现在克隆php-src仓库,在终端里运行下面的命令。
|
||||
|
||||
git clone https://git.php.net/repository/php-src.git
|
||||
|
||||
cd php7
|
||||
工作应该会在几分钟后完成,这里是一个样例输出,你应该会在任务完成时看见。
|
||||
|
||||
Now clone php-src repo, run following command on the terminal.
|
||||
|
||||
git clone https://git.php.net/repository/php-src.git
|
||||
|
||||
The process should complete in few min, here is sample output which you should see at the completion of this task.
|
||||
|
||||
[root@localhost php7]# git clone https://git.php.net/repository/php-src.git
|
||||
[root@localhost php7]# git clone https://git.php.net/repository/php-src.git
|
||||
|
||||
Cloning into 'php-src'...
|
||||
|
||||
@ -50,13 +49,13 @@ The process should complete in few min, here is sample output which you should s
|
||||
|
||||
Resolving deltas: 100% (492063/492063), done.
|
||||
|
||||
Lets configure and compile PHP7, run following commands on the terminal to start the configuration process:
|
||||
让我们来配置,编译PHP7,在终端运行下面的命令,开始配置工作:
|
||||
|
||||
cd php-src
|
||||
cd php-src
|
||||
|
||||
./buildconf
|
||||
./buildconf
|
||||
|
||||
Here is sample output for ./buildconf command.
|
||||
下面是./buildconf命令的样例输出。
|
||||
|
||||
[root@localhost php-src]# ./buildconf
|
||||
|
||||
@ -70,9 +69,9 @@ Here is sample output for ./buildconf command.
|
||||
|
||||
rebuilding main/php_config.h.in
|
||||
|
||||
Proceed further with the configuration process using following command:
|
||||
使用下面的命令,继续配置进程:
|
||||
|
||||
./configure \
|
||||
./configure \
|
||||
|
||||
--prefix=$HOME/php7/usr \
|
||||
|
||||
@ -144,7 +143,7 @@ Proceed further with the configuration process using following command:
|
||||
|
||||
--with-mysqli=/usr/bin/mysql_config
|
||||
|
||||
It will take a sweet amount to time, once completed, you should see output like this:
|
||||
这会花去不少的时间,一旦完成,你应该会看到如下面的输出:
|
||||
|
||||
creating libtool
|
||||
|
||||
@ -205,12 +204,11 @@ It will take a sweet amount to time, once completed, you should see output like
|
||||
config.status: executing default commands
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
运行下面的命令,完成编译过程。
|
||||
|
||||
Run following command to complete the compilation process.
|
||||
manke
|
||||
|
||||
make
|
||||
|
||||
Sample output for “make” command is shown below:
|
||||
“make”命令过后的样例输出如下所示:
|
||||
|
||||
Generating phar.php
|
||||
|
||||
@ -236,11 +234,11 @@ Sample output for “make” command is shown below:
|
||||
|
||||
Don't forget to run 'make test'.
|
||||
|
||||
That’s all, its time to install PHP7 now, run following to install it.
|
||||
|
||||
活儿干完了,该安装PHP7了,运行下面的命令安装它。
|
||||
|
||||
make install
|
||||
|
||||
Sample output for successful install process should look like:
|
||||
成功安装的进程的样例输出应该像这样:
|
||||
|
||||
[root@localhost php-src]# make install
|
||||
|
||||
@ -292,11 +290,11 @@ Sample output for successful install process should look like:
|
||||
|
||||
Installing PDO headers: /root/php7/usr/include/php/ext/pdo/
|
||||
|
||||
Conguratulaion, PHP 7 has been installed on your Linux system now. Once installation is complete, move to sapi/cli direcoty inside php7 installation folder.
|
||||
恭喜你,PHP7已经安装在你的Linux系统上了。安装完后,进入PHP7安装文件里的sapi/cli里面。
|
||||
|
||||
cd sapi/cli
|
||||
cd sapi/cli
|
||||
|
||||
and verify PHP version from here.
|
||||
在这里验证PHP的版本。
|
||||
|
||||
[root@localhost cli]# ./php -v
|
||||
|
||||
@ -306,16 +304,16 @@ and verify PHP version from here.
|
||||
|
||||
Zend Engine v3.0.0-dev, Copyright (c) 1998-2015 Zend Technologies
|
||||
|
||||
### Conclusion ###
|
||||
### 总结 ###
|
||||
|
||||
PHP 7 is also [added in remi repositories][1], this upcoming version is mainly focused on performance improvements, its new features are aimed to make PHP as a well fit for modern programming needs and trends. PHP 7.0 will have many new features and some deprecations to the old items. We hope to see details about new features and deprecations in the coming months. Enjoy!
|
||||
PHP 7也被[添加到了remi仓库][1],即将到来的版本主要关注执行效率的提升,新的特性致力于使PHP较好满足现代编程的需求和趋势。PHP 7.0将会有许多新的特性,丢弃一些老版本的东西。在接下来的日子里,我们希望看到新特性和弃用功能的具体情况。尽情享受吧!
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://linoxide.com/linux-how-to/install-php-7-centos-7-fedora-21/
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[Aun Raza][a]
|
||||
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
译者:[wi-cuckoo](https://github.com/wi-cuckoo)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user