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translated/tech/20140716 Install Android 4.4 KitKat to Run Favourite Games and Applications in Linux.md → published/20140716 Install Android 4.4 KitKat to Run Favourite Games and Applications in Linux.md
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@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
装X指南--在Linux上装个Android 4.4玩玩
在Linux上安装Android 4.4 KitKat来玩玩喜爱的游戏和应用
================================================================================
**Android (x86)**项目致力于移植Android系统到X86处理器上，使用户可以更容易的在任何电脑上安装Android。他们通过使用android源码，增加补丁来使Android能够在X86处理器下工作，不单只是笔记本电脑和平板电脑。
**Android (x86)**项目致力于移植Android系统到X86处理器上，使用户可以更容易的在任何电脑上安装Android。他们通过使用android源码，增加补丁来使Android能够在X86处理器，笔记本电脑和平板电脑下工作。
![Install Android 4.4 KitKat in Linux](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Install-Android-4.4-KitKat.jpg)
在Linux安装Android 4.4 KitKat
几天前，项目组发布了最新的“Android KitKat 4.4 RC2”，下面，我将说明如何在VirtualBox上的安装过程，不过有一个小问题，安装完成Android后鼠标指针不工作了，我猜，如果你根据本教程将它安装成主系统，这个鼠标应该可以工作，否则我们只能使用键盘了。
前一段时间，项目组发布了最新的“Android KitKat 4.4 RC2”，下面，我将说明如何在VirtualBox上安装，不过有一个小问题，安装完成Android后鼠标指针不工作了，我猜，如果你根据本教程将它安装成主系统，这个鼠标应该可以工作，否则我们只能使用键盘了。
### 阶段 1: 在linux上安装VirtualBox ###
### 第一步: 在linux上安装VirtualBox ###
**1.** 大多数的Linux发行版中，官方源都有VirtualBox，例如在Ubuntu中安装
**1.** 大多数的Linux发行版中，官方源都有VirtualBox，例如在Ubuntu中安装
$ sudo apt-get install virtualbox
@ -17,21 +17,21 @@
- [Install VirtualBox in RHEL, CentOS and Fedora][1]
### 阶段 2: 下载并在VirtualBox中安装Android 4.4 kitkat ###
### 第二步: 下载并在VirtualBox中安装Android 4.4 kitkat ###
**2.** 这步挺简单的，只是需要去[androud Sourceforge.net][2]项目下载 **Android 4.4 x86 Kit Kat**文件
**3.** 为了安装**Android 4.4 kitkat**，首先，你需要引导刚刚下载.iso文件，启动 **VirtualBox**,创建一个新的虚拟机，然后跟着下面图片设置：
**3.** 要想安装**Android 4.4 kitkat**，首先，你需要启动刚刚下载.iso文件，打开 **VirtualBox**,创建一个新的虚拟机，然后按照下面图片设置：
![Create New Virtual Machine](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Install-Android-Kit-Kat-in-Linux-01.png)
创建新的虚拟设备
创建新的虚拟机
**4.** 接下来，它会询问你新设备的内存大小，Android 4.4 kikat需要1G内存才能完美运行，但是由于我的电脑只有1G内存，我只能选择512MB。
![Set Memory to New Machine](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Install-Android-Kit-Kat-in-Linux-02.png)
设置内存
**5.** 选择“现在创建虚拟硬盘”（“Create a virtual hard drive now”）创建一个新的硬盘
**5.** 选择“现在创建虚拟硬盘”（“Create a virtual hard drive now”）来创建一个新的硬盘。
![Create Virtual Hard Drive](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Install-Android-Kit-Kat-in-Linux-03.png)
创建虚拟硬盘
@ -44,20 +44,20 @@
![Select Storage Type](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Install-Android-Kit-Kat-in-Linux-05.png)
选择存储方式
**7.** 现在设置虚拟硬盘大小，你可以设置任何大小，但是除了未来安装Apps的空间，至少系统正确地安装需要**4G**。
**7.** 现在设置虚拟硬盘大小，你可以按照你的所需来设置任何大小，但是除了将来安装Apps所用的空间，至少需要**4G**来保证系统正确安装。
![Set Size for Virtual Drive](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Install-Android-Kit-Kat-in-Linux-32.png)
设置虚拟硬盘大小
**8.** 现在你的新虚拟设备创建好了，可以引导下载的**.iso**文件了，右键刚刚创建的虚拟机，**设置** -> **存储** ，如下图，设置**android 4.4 kitkat RC2**的镜像文件。
**8.** 现在你的新虚拟设备创建好了，可以启动下载的**.iso**文件了，从左边的列表选择创建的虚拟机，点击**设置** -> **存储** ，如下图，选择**android 4.4 kitkat RC2**的镜像文件。
![Select Android KitKat ISO](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Install-Android-Kit-Kat-in-Linux-06.png)
选择Android KitKat ISO
**9.** Click on **OK**, and start the machine to boot the .iso image, choose “**Installation**” to start installing the system on the virtual machine.
**9.** 点击**OK**, 打开机器,启动.iso镜像, 选择 “**安装**” 开始在虚拟机上安装系统.
![Select to Install Android Kit Kat](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Install-Android-Kit-Kat-in-Linux-07.png)
选择 Install Android Kit Kat
选择安装Android Kit Kat
**10.** 请选择一个分区来安装Android-x86
@ -97,7 +97,7 @@
**17.** 现在我们的新硬盘已经创建，点击 **Quit** 你就可以看来类似下图的显示，选中刚刚创建的用来安装Android 的分区，点击**Enter**
![Choose Partition to Install Android](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Install-Android-Kit-Kat-in-Linux-15.png)
选择分区安装Android
选择分区来安装Android
**18.** 选择“**ext3**”作为硬盘文件系统并格式化
@ -107,12 +107,12 @@
![Format Partition](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Install-Android-Kit-Kat-in-Linux-17.png)
格式化分区
**19.** 它将会询问你时候需要安装GRUB启动器，当然选择**Yes**，如果不这样，你将不能启动新系统，所以选择**Yes**并点击**Enter**
**19.** 它将会询问你是否需要安装GRUB启动器，当然选择**Yes**，如果不这样，你将不能启动新系统，所以选择**Yes**并点击**Enter**
![Install Boot Loader GRUB](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Install-Android-Kit-Kat-in-Linux-18.png)
安装引导加载器 GRUB
安装启动加载器 GRUB
**20.** 最后，它会问你**/system**分区是否能写入，选择yes，它会在安装完系统后帮助你减少很多麻烦
**20.** 最后，它会问你是否设置**/system**分区能写入，选择**yes**，它会在安装完系统后帮助你减少很多麻烦。
![Make Partition Writeable](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Install-Android-Kit-Kat-in-Linux-19.png)
使分区能写入
@ -122,7 +122,7 @@
![Android Kit Kat Installation](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Install-Android-Kit-Kat-in-Linux-20.png)
Android Kit kat 安装完成
**22.** 我们已经安装完成**Android 4.4 KitKat RC2**，问题是VirtualBox将会继续引导**.iso**镜像文件而不是虚拟设备，所以为了修正这个问题，**设置** -> **存储** ->移除iso文件
**22.** 我们已经完成安装**Android 4.4 KitKat RC2**，问题是VirtualBox将会继续加载**.iso**镜像文件而不是从虚拟硬盘驱动启动，所以为了修正这个问题，选择**设置** -> **存储** ->移除iso文件
![Remove Android Kit Kat Image](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Install-Android-Kit-Kat-in-Linux-21.png)
移除Android Kit Kat 镜像
@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ Android Kit kat 安装完成
![Android Splash Screen](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Install-Android-Kit-Kat-in-Linux-24.png)
Android标志界面
**24.** 使用**Android**之前，你需要完成一个向导来配置一些事。你会看见如下屏幕，现在问题是，鼠标不能在**android 4.4 kitkat**工作，这意味着我们需要展示我们键盘的高超技巧了。首先，选择语言，你需要使用键盘**上**键和**下**键，到下一步，需要使用**右**键移动光标，选择**Enter**
**24.** 使用**Android**之前，你需要完成一个向导来进行配置。你会看见如下屏幕，现在的问题是，鼠标不能在**android 4.4 kitkat**工作，这意味着我们需要展示我们高超的键盘试用技巧了。首先，选择语言，你需要使用键盘**上**键和**下**键，进行到下一步，敲击**右**键移动光标，选择**Enter**
![Android Welcome Screen](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Install-Android-Kit-Kat-in-Linux-31.png)
Android 欢迎界面
@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ Android 欢迎界面
Android 4.4 Kit Kat 主界面
安装 **Android x86**好处颇多，如果你没有智能手机而又想早点使用**Play Store**apps，怎么不试试安装android x86呢？结果怎样？你有想过android可以成为一个针对桌面功能的**实时操作系统**？
如果你没有智能手机而又想轻松使用**Play Store**apps，那么安装 **Android x86**是个不错的选择。你曾经尝试过安装android x86吗？结果怎样呢？你有没有想过android可以成为一个目标指向桌面功能的**真正操作系统**？
----------
@ -167,13 +167,13 @@ Android 4.4 Kit Kat 主界面
[Hanny Helal][3]
2010年，成为Linux和自由软件用户，已为自由软件贡献多个项目
自2010年起，成为Linux和自由软件用户，致力于多个自由软件项目。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://www.tecmint.com/install-android-kitkat-in-linux/
译者：[Vic___](http://www.vicyu.net) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
译者：[Vic___](http://www.vicyu.net) 校对：[Caroline](https://github.com/carolinewuyan)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出

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translated/tech/20140808 Check Hard drive for bad sectors or bad blocks in linux.md → published/20140808 Check Hard drive for bad sectors or bad blocks in linux.md
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translated/tech/20140818 Install Atom Text Editor In Ubuntu 14.04 & Linux Mint 17.md → published/20140818 Install Atom Text Editor In Ubuntu 14.04 & Linux Mint 17.md
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sources/talk/20140731 Top 10 Free Linux Games.md
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[Translating by SteveArcher]
Top 10 Free Linux Games
================================================================================
If the term “Can I game on it?” has been bothering you while thinking to switch on Linux from Windows platform, then here is an answer for that – “Go for it!”. Thanks to the Open source community who has been consistently developing different genre games for Linux OS and the online content distribution platform – Steam, there is no dearth of good commercial games which are as fun to play on Linux as on its other counterparts (like Windows).
We present to you the list of 10 best free games for Linux for this year which have been selected based on their popularity, their free-to-play title, and easy installation.
**NOTE** – Interested in First Person Shooter games, read our article on [10 popular first person shooter Linux games][1].
### 1. Team Fortress 2 ###
![](http://mylinuxbook.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Team-fortress-2.jpg)
Team Fortress 2 is a team-based first-person shooter multiplayer video game developed by Valve Corporation, and is a sequel to the original 1996 Quake modification, Team Fortress. The game was first released on October 10, 2007 for Windows and the Xbox 360, and was later released as a standalone package for Linux on February 14, 2013. The game was announced in 1998, and was initially powered by Valve’s GoldSrc engine but the launch was much delayed due to updates in its design during its 9 years long development cycle. The game became a free-to-play title on June 23, 2011.
It has received critical acclaim and many awards, mainly due to its artistic direction, balanced gameplay, humour, and graphical style. Unlike other games with ultra-realistic graphics such as Call of Duty, Half-Life franchises, this game’s set up looks like cartoons brought to life.
**Gameplay**: Like the original game, Team Fortress 2 is set around 2 opposing teams; RED (Reliable Excavation & Demolition) and BLU (Builders League United), both competing for a combat-based primary objective.
Players can opt out of 9 character classes namely, Scout, Soldier, Pyro, Demoman, Heavy, Engineer, Medic, Sniper, and Spy, each one with its own unique weapons, strengths and weaknesses.
#### System Requirements: ####
<table>
<tr>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td><b>Recommended Requirements</b></td>
<td><b>Minimum requirements</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>CPU</b></td>
<td>Pentium 4 or Athlon XP or better</td>
<td>Pentium 4 or Athlon XP or better</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>CPU Speed</b></td>
<td>3.0 GHz processor</td>
<td>1.7 GHz</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>RAM</b></td>
<td>1 GB</td>
<td>512 MB</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>Video Card</b></td>
<td>DirectX 9 compatible video card (NVIDIA GeForce 7900+ / ATI Radeon X1900+)</td>
<td>DirectX 8.1 compatible video Card (NVIDIA GeForce4+ / ATI Radeon 8500+)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>Sound Card</b></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>Free disk space</b></td>
<td>5 GB</td>
<td>5 GB</td>
</tr>
</table>
### 2. Dota 2 ###
![](http://mylinuxbook.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Dota-2.jpg)
Dota 2, a sequel to the Defence of the Ancients, is a multiplayer online battle arena video game developed by Valve Corporation. Dota 2 was released as a free-to-play title for Windows on July 9, 2013 and for Linux on July 18, 2013, and is available exclusively through Valve’s online content-distribution platform Steam. The game was applauded by video game critics, who praised it for its pleasing gameplay, improved production quality. Though it was also criticized for its steep learning curve.
**Gameplay**: A standard match of Dota 2 is independent and involves 2 opposing groups, the Radiant and the Dire, each team having 5 players. Both the teams occupy a stronghold at a corner of the map and located at each stronghold is a building named “Ancient”. In order to win, a team must destroy the opponent’s Ancient. There are 9 game modes and 107 “Heroes” in Dota 2 to choose from. Each player controls a “Hero” character and aims on levelling up, acquiring items, collecting gold, and fighting against enemy team to gain victory.
#### System Requirements: ####
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td><b>Recommended Requirements</b></td>
<td><b>Minimum requirements</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>CPU</strong></td>
<td>Intel core 2 duo 2.4GHz</td>
<td>Pentium 4 3.0GHz</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>CPU Speed</strong></td>
<td>2.4 GHz processor</td>
<td>3.0 GHz</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>RAM</strong></td>
<td>1 GB</td>
<td>1 GB</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Video Card</strong></td>
<td>DirectX 9 compatible video card with Shader model 3.0. NVidia 7600, ATI X1600 or better</td>
<td>DirectX 9 compatible video card with 128 MB, Shader model 2.0. ATI X800, NVidia 6600 or better</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Sound Card</strong></td>
<td>Yes</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Free disk space</strong></td>
<td>2.5 GB</td>
<td>2.5 GB</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
### 3. Urban Terror ###
![](http://mylinuxbook.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/UrbanTerror.jpg)
Urban Terror, abbreviated as UrT, is a free-to-play multi-player FPS video game developed by FrozenSand. It was released as a free standalone game in 2007 utilizing ioquake3 (a game engine project to act as a clean base package for more advanced graphical and audio features) as an engine.
The official game motto’s ‘Fun over realism’ is true to its word as it is a well packaged product with simple installation, adequate graphics, low requirements, and a balanced gameplay, which makes it a unique, enjoyable and addictive game. Urban Terror was nominated to the 2007 Mod DB’s Mod of the Year Award.
**Gameplay**: The game billed as “Hollywood tactical shooter”, blends elements from games such as Quake III Arena, Unreal Tournament, and Counter-Strike. The realism in the mod is introduced through a number of changes like the weapons available are real-life, have recoil, are less accurate if fired while movement, and require reloading when a magazine has been utilized. Damage is also realistic such as wounds require bandaging, leg or feet wounds slow down the player.
#### System Requirements: ####
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td><strong>Recommended Requirements</strong></td>
<td><strong>Minimum requirements</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>CPU</strong></td>
<td>Pentium 4 &nbsp;1.2 GHz or higher</td>
<td>Pentium 4 &nbsp;1.2 GHz</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>CPU Speed</strong></td>
<td>1.2 GHz</td>
<td>1.2 GHz</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>RAM</strong></td>
<td>512 MB</td>
<td>256 MB</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Video Card</strong></td>
<td>&nbsp;NVidia or ATI card with 256MB or more</td>
<td>&nbsp;NVidia or ATI card with 128MB RAM</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>HDD</strong></td>
<td>50 GB or more</td>
<td>50 GB</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
### 4. Alien Arena 2008 ###
![](http://mylinuxbook.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/AlienArena2008.jpg)
Alien Arena is a standalone 3D first-person online deathmatch shooter video game based on source code of Quake II and Quake III, released by id software. The game developed by COR entertainment was released in October 2004, and has been free-to-play title since its commencement, with currently no plans to change it to pay-to-play format.
Features comprising new particle engine and effects, 32 bit graphics, reflective water, light blooms, high resolution textures and skins, stain maps, and more, make up for it to be an addictive game. This game has come a long way from its original version “CodeRED: Alien Arena”, with all new player characters, nearly 2 dozen new maps, new weapon models, and many substantial engine enhancements and optimizations.
**Gameplay**: Alien Arena features 37 levels, has fast and smooth gameplay with a high-tech atmosphere. The players can play online against one another or against the built in CodeRED bots, which feature multiple skill levels like rocket jumping and strafe jumping. The game also offers CTF (Capture The Flag), AOA (All Out Assault) modes, in which players can climb into vehicles to do battle, Deathball, and Team Core Assault.
#### System Requirements: ####
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td><strong>Recommended Requirements</strong></td>
<td><strong>Minimum requirements</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>CPU</strong></td>
<td>Intel Pentium 4 1.7 GHz or AMD Athlon XP 1800</td>
<td>Pentium 3 @ 800MHz</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>CPU Speed</strong></td>
<td>1.7 GHz</td>
<td>800MHz (or 1 GHz)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>RAM</strong></td>
<td>512 MB</td>
<td>256 MB</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Video Card</strong></td>
<td>BFG GeForce 7800 GS OC</td>
<td>NVIDIA GeForce 4400+ or ATI Radeon 8500+ (32 MB)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Video Memory</strong></td>
<td>64 MB</td>
<td>32 MB</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Sound Card</strong></td>
<td>DirectX compatible</td>
<td>DirectX compatible</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>DirectX</strong></td>
<td>9.0c</td>
<td>9.0c</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>HDD</strong></td>
<td>500 MB</td>
<td>500 MB</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
### 5. Nexuiz ###
![](http://mylinuxbook.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/nexuiz.jpg)
Nexuiz is an Arena first-person shooter 3D deathmatch video game developed and published by Alientrap on May 31, 2005, and is build on a modified Quake 1 Engine named DarkPlaces, whose features include Quake3bsp support, coronas, new particle effects, real time World and Dynamic lighting and shadowing, advanced menu system, and Md3 model support. It is intended to be played on the Internet or over a local network.
**Gameplay**: The gameplay is deathmatch with the most exorbitant possible speeds and weapons, providing extremely fast paced action. Other than deathmatch, there are several game modes like team deathmatch, domination, capture the flag, multiple mutators, and weapon options like rocket arena and instagib. Although, Nexuiz is mainly multiplayer but it includes a full single-player campaign, which lets one to play through various multiplayer game types and maps with bots.
#### System Requirements: ####
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td><strong>Recommended Requirements</strong></td>
<td><strong>Minimum requirements</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>CPU</strong></td>
<td>Intel Core 2 Duo at 2Ghz, or AMD Athlon 64 x2 2ghz, or better</td>
<td>1 Ghz Pentium III or AMD Athlon</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>RAM</strong></td>
<td>2 GB</td>
<td>512 MB</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Video Card</strong></td>
<td>NVidia 8800GT with 512Mb RAM, ATI 3850HD with 512Mb RAM, or better</td>
<td>GeForce 2 or equivalent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>HDD</strong></td>
<td>3 GB</td>
<td>400 MB</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
### 6. Tremulous ###
![](http://mylinuxbook.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Tremulous.jpg)
Tremulous is a free and open source game that incorporates a team-based FPS game with real-time strategy elements. The game developed by Dark Legion Development, released on August 11, 2005 and is based on the ioquake2 game engine. Although it originated as a mod for Quake 3, but ultimately went standalone.
Tremulous won the Mod Database “Mod of the Year” 2006 competition under the category of “Player’s Choice Standalone Game of the year”, and also came in first in a “Best free game based on GPL Quake source?” poll on the Planet Quake website.
**Gameplay**: The game is presumably set in the future, where humans fight against spider-like aliens. Players can choose from 2 unique races, aliens and humans, and each of the team players can build working structures during the game like a Real Time Strategy game. The most significant structure is ‘spawn’, which provides each team with supplements to replace players who have been killed.
#### System Requirements: ####
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td><strong>Recommended Requirements</strong></td>
<td><strong>Minimum requirements</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>CPU</strong></td>
<td>Pentium 4 &nbsp;3.46GHz or Athlon 64 3800+</td>
<td>Pentium 4 1.8GHz or Athlon XP 1700+</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>RAM</strong></td>
<td>2 GB</td>
<td>256 MB</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Video Card</strong></td>
<td>Nvidia GeForce GT 120 , AMD Radeon HD 4550</td>
<td>Nvidia GeForce 210 , AMD Radeon X600 Series</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>DirectX version</strong></td>
<td>DX 9.0c</td>
<td>DX 9.0c</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>HDD space</strong></td>
<td>4 GB</td>
<td>125 MB</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
### 7. Warsow ###
![](http://mylinuxbook.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/warsow.jpg)
Warsow is a First Person Shooter (FPS) video game designed for online play, inspired by the fast paced shooters of the late 1990’s and early millennium. Warsow’s codebase is free and open source software, distributed under the terms of General Public License, and is built upon Qfusion, an advanced modification of the Quake II engine. Warsow stands out as a unique experience as its development team has strived to create a fun, fast, and action-packed game focused on speed, trickjumps, art of movement. This title uses cell-shaded graphics in a cartoon-ish style to fuse themes including cyberpunk, industrial, and sci-fi.
**Gameplay**: This fast-paced 3D ego-shooter focuses heavily on movement and trickjumps, where many of the tricks originate from the Quake series, including circle-jumping, bunny hopping, strafe-jumping, double jumping, ramp-sliding, and rocket jumping. Apart from these tricks, Warsow also allows the players to dash, dodge or wall jump, which were originally possible in the Urban Terror.
### System Requirements: ###
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td><strong>Minimum Requirements</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>CPU</strong></td>
<td>Pentium II 300 Mhz or greater</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>RAM</strong></td>
<td>64 MB</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Video Card</strong></td>
<td>16 MB (Riva TNT or better)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>HDD</strong></td>
<td>400 MB</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
**Note** – The recommended requirements for this game weren’t directly available. This is what we got from some discussion forums:
- CPU – Intel Pentium 4 (3.00 GHz)
- RAM - 512 MB
- Video Card - 256 MB (nVidia GeForce 5500 FX)
- HDD - 2 GB
### 8. Open Arena (OA) ###
![](http://mylinuxbook.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/open-arena.jpg)
Open Arena is an open-source multiplayer FPS game based on the ioquake3 fork of the id tech 3 engine. It is developed by the OpenArena Team and released under the GNU General Public License V2.0 (GPLv2). The game’s official site includes downloads for GNU/Linux, Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X Operating systems and is also available from the default repositories of Linux distributions, like Debian, Gentoo, Fedora, Arch, Mandriva, and Ubuntu. OpenArena can be played freely, offline or online, and users are also able to run their own LAN or internet server.
**Gameplay**: OpenArena’s gameplay is precisely same as Quake III Arena: Win the game by scoring frags with the help of a balanced set of weapons designed for different situations. Every match happens in an “arena”, a map where players try to kill each other; arenas are designed for gametypes such as deathmatch, Tournament, Team Deathmatch, and Capture the Flag. Due to violent and mature content, it’s unsuitable for children under the age of 17.
#### System Requirements: ####
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td><strong>Recommended Requirements</strong></td>
<td><strong>Minimum Requirements</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>CPU</strong></td>
<td>Pentium III 700MHz / AMD Athlon XP 2800+</td>
<td>Pentium II 233MHz / AMD K6-2 300MHz or equally powerful processor</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>RAM</strong></td>
<td>256 MB</td>
<td>64 MB</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Video Card</strong></td>
<td>Geforce 4 Ti 4400</td>
<td>16 MB (with OpenGL acceleration)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Free Disk Space</strong></td>
<td>270 MB</td>
<td>50 MB</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
### 9. Freecol ###
![](http://mylinuxbook.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Freecol.jpg)
FreeCol is a free and open source turn-based strategy video game, which is imitation of the old game Colonization, and is similar to Civilization. The game was initially released on January 2, 2003, but its stable release came out 17 months ago, on January 7, 2013. It remains same in terms of mechanics and gameplay as the original game, but with newly added set of redesigned graphics.
**Gameplay**: The objective of the game is to colonize the New World. The game starts in 1492 with a vessel and some colonists, and the player builds up colonies in the New World, struggling for power with other colonies from rival Europeans. The expansion of colonies continues with help from the European king until no help is required from Europe, meaning that colonies can stand alone without any exterior help, and declares independence from the King. If the colonies are able to resist attacks of the King’s forces, then victory is obtained.
#### System Requirements: ####
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td><strong>Recommended Requirements</strong></td>
<td><strong>Minimum Requirements</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>CPU</strong></td>
<td>Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU P8700 2.53 GHz</td>
<td>Pentium 3 &nbsp;1GHz</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>RAM</strong></td>
<td>512 MB</td>
<td>256 MB</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Java Version</strong></td>
<td>Java Runtime Environment 7</td>
<td>Java Runtime Environment 5 (or JRE 6)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Resolution</strong></td>
<td>1024 X 768</td>
<td>1024 X 768</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
### 10. Extreme Tux Racer ###
![](http://mylinuxbook.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Extreme_Tux_Racer.jpg)
Extreme Tux Racer, originally named Tux Racer, is a free software 3D computer game which lets a player take on the role of the Linux mascot, Tux the penguin. The game was released on October 2, 2000 by Jasmin Patry, a student studying at the University of Waterloo in Ontario, Canada. An original Linux game, it is a very fun and simple racing game, without any complexity or violence, which makes it suitable for all age groups.
**Gameplay**: In the game, Tux slides down various courses of steep, snow- and ice- covered mountains, to achieve the best time and the best score. The score can be increased by collecting herring while racing and sliding down the course. Sliding on snow allows more manoeuvrability, sliding on ice makes Tux go faster and sliding on rocky patches slows down Tux.
### System Requirements: ###
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td><strong>Recommended Requirements</strong></td>
<td><strong>Minimum Requirements</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>CPU</strong></td>
<td>400 MHz CPU or better</td>
<td>Pentium 200MMX</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>RAM</strong></td>
<td>128 MB</td>
<td>64 MB</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Video Card</strong></td>
<td>TNT2/Voodoo3-class 3D graphics card or better</td>
<td>3D graphics card with full OpenGL support</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Sound Card</strong></td>
<td>16-bit</td>
<td>16-bit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>HDD</strong></td>
<td>20 MB</td>
<td>20 MB</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
Have something to say? Leave a comment below.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://mylinuxbook.com/top-10-free-linux-games/
作者：[Himanshu Arora][a]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:http://mylinuxbook.com/author/himanshuc/
[1]:http://mylinuxbook.com/10-popular-fps-linux-games/

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zpl1025
When Linux Was Perfect Enough
================================================================================
The other day my colleague, friend and sometimes partner-in-crime, Ken Starks, published [an article][1] here on FOSS Force on one of his favorite gripes: things that don’t work right in Linux. This time he was complaining about a font issue in Mint when using KDE. This is nothing new from Ken. In the past he’s written other articles about broken aspects of various Linux distros that never seem to get fixed. It’s his contention that these “small” bugs, which remain unfixed release after release after release, are largely responsible for desktop Linux’s failure to take hold with the general public.
### He might be right. ###
For Christmas I bought my roommate a new second generation Nexus 7 tablet running Android, an OS built around the Linux kernel. It “just worked,” out of the box, with no tweaking necessary. During the last seven months she’s used it for hours daily. As far as I know, she’s found no glitches that require fixing. I’m reasonably certain I’d know if she did, since the main reason I gave her the Nexus to begin with was because I had tired of trying to keep her Windows laptop running to her satisfaction. She has no trouble telling me when her computer goes kaput, and she always wants it fixed right now. Facebook waits for no one, you know.
I point this out because Linux has all but taken over the tablet and phone end of the computing spectrum. Apple makes plenty of money with the iPhone and iPad, but that’s due to their high prices. In market share, they lag far behind Android devices. And Microsoft has proven that Windows isn’t the unbeatable giant it was once thought to be. Even with massive money spent on television ads and conspicuous product placement in nearly every scripted drama on CBS, mobile devices running Windows remain a mere asterisk when looking at market share.
In other words, Linux is winning the mobile war because Google makes certain that Android “just works” out of the box.
Today’s average computer users (I loath the word “consumers”) want to get things done on their computers without having to delve under the hood to fix things. This is understandable and isn’t unlike the average automobile owners, who just want to drive their cars without knowing or caring how it works. Just as most drivers take their car to the shop for repair to solve mechanical and computer related issues, most computer users take their devices to the shop with no concern about whether the problem is hardware or software related. They just want the damn thing to work.
### It wasn’t always this way. ###
Back in 2002 I installed GNU/Linux for the first time. At that time, like most Americans, I was tethered to a dial-up connection, with broadband not yet being available in my part of the boondocks. I spent seventy bucks or so for a shrink wrapped Powerpack edition of Mandrake 9.0 at a local Best Buy store, which in those days sold both Mandrake and Red Hat, which was still in the desktop business.
During that age of the dinosaur, Mandrake was considered to be the cat’s meow of easy-to-use Linux distributions. It installed easily, some said easier than Windows, and its partitioning tool made cutting up a disk easier than slicing a piece of mincemeat pie. Indeed, Linux old-timers sometimes openly laughed at Mandrake, insinuating that ease-of-use somehow made Linux less Linux.
But I loved it and found it to be a whole new world. Gone was the blue screen of death and the nearly daily crashes that were business as usual with Windows. Unfortunately, also gone were a lot of peripherals that had “just worked” in Windows.
The first thing I had to do after installing Mandrake was to take my white box to Michelle at [Dragonware Computers][2] and have the cheap winmodem swapped out for a hardware modem. Granted, a hardware modem means a more responsive computer, but with the computer store forty miles away, this was a bit of an inconvenience and an expense I could little afford.
But I didn’t mind. I was free of Microsoft –- and using a “different” operating system made me feel as if I was some sort of computing genus.
Printers were also a problem, but not as much a problem with Mandrake as with most other distros which required command line work to install. Mandrake offered up a snazzy graphical interface for configuring printers – if you were lucky enough to have a printer that would work in Linux at all. Many, if not most, wouldn’t.
My still under warranty Lexmark, which in Windows had more whistles and bells than any printer needs, wasn’t supported by the manufacturer, but I was able to find an open source, backwards engineered driver that kinda, sorta worked. It worked fine for printing web pages from the Mozilla browser, but printed Star Office pages in tiny fonts that were crammed up into the upper right corner of the page. The printer also made some very loud mechanical clunking noises which reminded me of the noise a car transmission makes just before it dies.
The workaround for the Star Office problem was to save everything as a text file and print from a text editor. For the noise that indicated the printer was in self-destruct mode? Try to avoid printing as much as possible was my solution.
### Other problems abounded – too many for me to remember. ###
One problem I do remember is that I couldn’t get the sound card to work out of the box, although Mandrake’s interface showed the sound card detected and installed. After days of digging through the forums with no luck, someone finally suggested I might have a problem with permissions. I looked and, lo and behold!, he was right. Mandrake had installed the sound card with permissions which wouldn’t let it work in a user account, yet another one of those things that should have been fixed before the distro was released, as Ken would point-out. Especially in a distro being sold in a shrink wrapped box for seventy dollars a pop – which was considerably more money in 2002 than it is now.
Oh yes, and I still have a parallel port scanner that I bought new about two weeks before my move to Linux which has been nothing but a brick since, as there’s still no Linux driver for it.
My point is that back in those days none of this mattered. Most of us were already used to having to fiddle with configuration files and such, even when using “IBM compatible” computers running Microsoft products. Like most users in those days, I’d cut my teeth on command line DOS machines, where printers had to be configured separately for each and every program and where the ability to write a succinct autoexec.bat file was a necessity.
![Linux as a 1966 “goat.”](http://fossforce.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Pontiac_GTO_1966-300x224.jpg)
Linux as a 1966 “goat.”
Tinkering with the inner workings of the operating system was simply part of owning a computer. Most of us using computers back then were either geeks or wanna be geeks. We were proud of our ability to tinker and get our machines working just like we wanted. We were the high tech version of the good ol’ boys from an earlier age, who spent their Saturday afternoons under a shade tree modifying their muscle cars with headers, breathers, trick carburetors and the like.
### And that’s mostly not who’s using computers today. ###
Today’s computer user just wants the computer to work, without problems, out of the box. They don’t want to have to figure out why Hulu or Netflix doesn’t work or why their fonts display properly in some applications and not in others. They don’t want to hear, “oh, that’s just an easily fixed small bug” after a Linux install any more than they want to hear that an ignition switch that stalls their new Chevy in heavy traffic is “only a glitch which we’ll fix one day.”
These days, that includes me. While I’m happy I have enough skills to usually fix a bug that made it past the developers at Mint or Fedora, I’d just as soon not have to deal with it. I have work to get done. And when I’m not working, I want to be wasting time with my friends on Facebook, not getting aggravated with my computer.
To be sure, Linux has changed with the times. In recent years you can pretty much be sure that when you install a major Linux distro on a laptop, Wi-Fi will work out of the box. Also, most of the time all you have to do is plug a new printer into a USB port and, presto!, it’s already up and running. But there are still way too many little niggling problems that need to get fixed – stuff that should have been fixed long ago.
Maybe if Ken keeps complaining enough…
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://fossforce.com/2014/08/when-linux-was-perfect-enough/
作者：Christine Hall
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[1]:http://fossforce.com/2014/07/ripe-linux-nits-to-pick/
[2]:http://www.dragonware.com/

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Want To Start An Open Source Project? Here's How
================================================================================
> Our step-by-step guide.
**You have a problem. You've weighed the** [pros and cons of open sourcing your code][1], and you know [you need to start an open-source project][2] for your software. But you have no idea how to do this.
Oh, sure. You may know how to set up a GitHub account and get started, but such [mechanics][3] are actually the easy part of open source. The hard part is making anyone care enough to use or contribute to your project.
![](http://a4.files.readwrite.com/image/upload/c_fit,q_80,w_630/MTE5NDg0MDYxMTg2Mjk1MzEx.jpg)
Here are some principles to guide you in building and releasing code that others will care about.
### First, The Basics ###
You may choose to open source code for a variety of reasons. Perhaps you're looking to engage a community to help write your code. Perhaps, [like Known][4], you see "open source distribution ... as a multiplier for the small teams of developers writing the code in-house."
Or maybe you just think it's the right thing to do, [as the UK government believes][5].
Regardless of the reason, this isn't about you. Not really. For open source to succeed, much of the planning has to be about those who will use the software. As [I wrote in 2005][6], if you "want lots of people to contribute (bug fixes, extensions, etc.," then you need to "write good documentation, use an accessible programming language ... [and] have a modular framework."
Oh, and you also need to be writing software that people care about.
Think about the technology you depend on every day: operating systems, web application frameworks, databases, and so on. These are far more likely to generate outside interest and contributions than a niche technology for a particular industry like aviation. The broader the application of the technology, the more likely you are to find willing contributors and/or users.
In summary, any successful open-source project needs these things:
1. Optimal market timing (solving a real need in the market);
2. A strong, inclusive team of developers and non-developers;
3. An architecture of participation (more on that below);
4. Modular code to make it easier for new contributors to find a discrete chunk of the program to work on, rather than forcing them to scale an Everest of monolithic code;
5. Code that is broadly applicable (or a way to reach the narrower population more niche-y code appeals to);
6. Great initial source code (if you put garbage into GitHub, you'll get garbage out);
7. A permissive license—I [personally prefer Apache-style licensing][7] as it introduces the lowest barriers to developer adoption, but many successful projects (like Linux and MySQL) have used GPL licensing to great effect.
Of the items above, it's sometimes hardest for projects to actively invite participation. That's usually because this is less about code and more about people.
### "Open" Is More Than A License ###
One of the best things I've read in years on this subject comes from Vitorio Miliano ([@vitor_io][8]), a user experience and interaction designer from Austin, Texas. [Miliano points out][9] that anyone who doesn't already work on your project is a "layperson," in the sense that no matter their level of technical competence, they know little about your code.
So your job, he argues, is to make it easy to get involved in contributing to your code base. While he focuses on how to involve non-programmers in open-source projects, he identifies a few things project leads need to do to effectively involve anyone—technical or non-technical—in open source:
> 1. a way to understand the value of your project
>
> 2. a way to understand the value they could provide to the project
>
> 3. a way to understand the value they could receive from contributing to the project
>
> 4. a way to understand the contribution process, end-to-end
>
> 5. a contribution mechanism suitable for their existing workflows
Too often, project leads want to focus on the fifth step without providing an easy path to understand items 1 through 4. "How" to contribute doesn't matter very much if would-be contributors don't appreciate the "why."
On that note, it's critical, Miliano writes, to establish the value of the project with a "jargon-free description" so as to "demonstrate your accessibility and inclusiveness by writing your descriptions to be useful to everyone at all times." This has the added benefit, he avers, of signaling that documentation and other code-related content will be similarly clear.
On the second item, programmers and non-programmers alike need to be able to see exactly what you'd like from them, and then they need to be recognized for their contributions. Sometimes, as MongoDB solution architect [Henrik Ingo told me][10], "A smart person [may] come[] by with great code, but project members fail to understand it." That's not a terrible problem if the "in" group acknowledges the contribution and reaches out to understand.
But that doesn't always happen.
### Do You Really Want To Lead An Open Source Project? ###
Too many open-source project leads advertise inclusiveness but then are anything but inclusive. If you don't want people contributing code, don't pretend to be open source.
Yes, this is sometimes a function of newbie fatigue. As [one developer wrote][11] recently on HackerNews,
> Small projects get lots of, well, basically useless people who need tons of handholding to get anything accomplished. I see the upside for them, but I don't see the upside for me: if I where[sic] to help them out, I'd spend my limited available time on handholding people who apparently managed to get ms degrees in cs without being able to code instead of doing what I enjoy. So I ignore them.
While that may be a good way to maintain sanity, the attitude doesn't bode well for a project if it's widely shared.
And if you really couldn't care less about non-programmers contributing design input, or documentation, or whatever, then make that clear. Again, if this is the case, you really shouldn't be an open-source project.
Of course, the perception of exclusion is not always reality. As ActiveState vice president Bernard Golden told me over IM, "many would-be developers are intimidated by the perception of an existing 'in-crowd' dev group, even though it may not really be true."
Still, the more open source projects invest in making it easy to understand why developers should contribute, and make it inviting to do so, the how largely takes care of itself.
Lead image courtesy of [Shutterstock][12]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://readwrite.com/2014/08/20/open-source-project-how-to
作者：[Matt Asay][a]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:http://readwrite.com/author/matt-asay
[1]:http://readwrite.com/2014/07/07/open-source-software-pros-cons
[2]:http://readwrite.com/2014/08/15/open-source-software-business-zulily-erp-wall-street-journal
[3]:http://www.cocoanetics.com/2011/01/starting-an-opensource-project-on-github/
[4]:http://werd.io/2014/the-roi-of-building-open-source-software
[5]:https://www.gov.uk/design-principles
[6]:http://asay.blogspot.com/2005/09/so-you-want-to-build-open-source.html
[7]:http://www.cnet.com/news/apache-better-than-gpl-for-open-source-business/
[8]:https://twitter.com/vitor_io
[9]:http://opensourcedesign.is/blogging_about/import-designers/
[10]:https://twitter.com/h_ingo/status/501323333301190656
[11]:https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8122814
[12]:http://www.shutterstock.com/

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排名前十的 Linux 免费游戏
================================================================================
假如当你考虑从 Windows 平台迁移至 Linux 平台时，“我能在 Linux 平台上游戏吗？”这类疑问正困扰着你，那么对此这有一个答案就是 ———— “快去 Linux 平台吧！”。感谢开源组织一直以来坚持不懈为 Linux 操作系统开发不同类型的游戏，还有从不缺乏好的商业游戏，并且在 Linux 平台下游戏时的乐趣完全不亚于其他几个平台（比如 Windows 平台）的在线数字发行平台 ———— Steam。
接下来我们基于流行程度、“免费游戏”的名号以及安装难易度向你展现今年 10 款最佳 Linux 平台下的免费游戏。
** 注意 ** – 如果你对第一人称射击类（First Person Shooter，FPS）游戏感兴趣的话，请阅读我们的另一篇文章[10 款 Linux 下流行的第一人称射击类游戏][1]。
### 1.《军团要塞 2》 ###
![](http://mylinuxbook.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Team-fortress-2.jpg)
《军团要塞 2》是一款由 Valve 公司开发的基于团队的在线 FPS 类电子游戏，是 1996 年最初 Quake 修改版的续作。这款游戏最早于 2007 年 10 月 10 日发布了 Windows 版与 Xbox 360 版，随后在 2013 年 2 月 14 日作为独立游戏发行了 Linux 版。游戏在 1998 年就发布了预告，最早由 Valve 的 GoldSrc 引擎驱动，但是发行过程却在其长达九年的开发周期中被游戏的设计更新严重推迟。游戏在 2011 年 6 月 23 日成为一款免费游戏。
《军团要塞 2》已经收到了许多称赞性评论与大奖，这主要跟它充满艺术的表现手法、游戏的平衡性、幽默感，以及图像风格有关。与其他游戏，如使命召唤、半条命，采取极度真实的画面不同，这款游戏的设定看起来像是把卡通元素带进了世界中。
** 游戏介绍 **：和原版游戏一样，《军团要塞 2》围绕两支相互对立的队伍进行；红队（可信赖的拆迁队）与蓝队（建筑者联合团体），两队都为了以战斗为基础的主要目标相互竞争。
玩家可以选择九种角色，分别是侦察兵、士兵、火焰兵、爆破兵、重装兵、工程师、医疗兵、狙击手和间谍，每一个角色都有其独特的武器、优势与弱点。
#### 系统需求： ####
<table>
<tr>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td><b>推荐配置</b></td>
<td><b>最低配置</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>CPU</b></td>
<td>奔腾4处理器或者 Athlon XP 或者更佳</td>
<td>奔腾4处理器或者 Athlon XP 或者更佳</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>CPU 速率</b></td>
<td>3.0 GHz 处理器</td>
<td>1.7 GHz</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>内存（RAM）</b></td>
<td>1 GB</td>
<td>512 MB</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>显卡</b></td>
<td>支持 DirectX 9 的显卡（NVIDIA GeForce 7900+ / ATI Radeon X1900+）</td>
<td>支持 DirectX 8.1 的显卡（NVIDIA GeForce4+ / ATI Radeon 8500+）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>声卡</b></td>
<td>必需</td>
<td>必需</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>剩余硬盘空间</b></td>
<td>5 GB</td>
<td>5 GB</td>
</tr>
</table>
### 2.《Dota 2》 ###
![](http://mylinuxbook.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Dota-2.jpg)
《Dota 2》，《Dota》的续作，是一款由 Valve 公司开发的多人在线战术竞技类（Multiplayer Online Battle Arena，MOBA）电子游戏。《DOTA 2》发行时就完全免费，于 2013 年 7 月 9 日发行 Windows 版，于 2013 年 7 月 18 日发行 Linux 版，并且只能通过 Valve 的在线数字发行平台 Steam 进行游戏。Dota 2 因为其令人愉悦的游戏体验和大幅提高的游戏品质得到了电子游戏评论家的热烈称赞。尽管 Dota 2 也因为其陡峭的学习曲线受到批评。
** 游戏介绍 **：每一场标准的 Dota 2 比赛都是独立的，同时由 2 支相互敌对的团体参与，天辉和夜魇，每个团队均由 5 名玩家组成。每个团队占据地图的一角作为大本营，每个团队的大本营上均有一座被称作“远古神迹”的建筑存在。为了赢得游戏，任意一方团队必须摧毁对方的远古神迹。Dota 2 中有 9 种游戏模式与 107 个英雄可供挑选。每名玩家控制一位英雄，通过升级、获取物品、收集金币还有击败敌对团队以获取胜利。
#### 系统需求： ####
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td><b>推荐配置</b></td>
<td><b>最低配置</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>CPU</strong></td>
<td>Intel 酷睿 2 双核处理器，2.4GHz</td>
<td>奔腾 4 处理器，3.0GHz</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>CPU 速率</strong></td>
<td>2.4 GHz 处理器</td>
<td>3.0 GHz</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>内存（RAM）</strong></td>
<td>1 GB</td>
<td>1 GB</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>显卡</strong></td>
<td>支持 DirectX 9 的显卡，带有 3.0. 优化渲染引擎模式（NVidia 7600, ATI X1600）或更优显卡</td>
<td>支持 DirectX 9 的显卡，带有 128 MB 的 2.0. 优化渲染引擎模式（ATI X800, NVidia 6600）或更优显卡</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>声卡</strong></td>
<td>必需</td>
<td>必需</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>剩余硬盘空间</strong></td>
<td>2.5 GB</td>
<td>2.5 GB</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
### 3.《Urban Terror》 ###
![](http://mylinuxbook.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/UrbanTerror.jpg)
《Urban Terror》，缩写作 UrT，是一款由 FrozenSand 开发的免费多人 FPS 电子游戏。游戏于 2007 年作为免费独立游戏发行，使用 ioquake3（某游戏引擎项目，作为一个纯净基础包向更多的图像和音频特性提供改进支持）作为引擎。
正如这款官方游戏格言‘现实的乐趣’所述，它是一个打包很好的产品，同时安装简便、画质优良、依赖需求少，并且游戏非常平衡，这些特色使这款游戏成为了独一无二的、令人享受并且吸引人的游戏。2007 年的 Mod DB 上，Urban Terror 被提名为年度 Mod 奖。
** 游戏介绍 **：这款游戏被标为“好莱坞战术射击游戏”，具有多种游戏的混合元素，例如：《雷神之锤 III 竞技场》、《虚幻竞技场》以及《反恐精英》。这款 Mod 通过一系列改变使得游戏更加真实，比如武器和现实中的类似，具有后坐力，射击时精准度会下降，并且当弹药库用完时需要重新填装。伤害同样现实化了，比如伤口需要包扎，腿伤或脚伤会拖慢玩家的速度。
#### 系统需求： ####
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td><strong>推荐配置</strong></td>
<td><strong>最低配置</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>CPU</strong></td>
<td>奔腾4处理器 &nbsp;1.2 GHz 或者更高</td>
<td>奔腾4处理器 &nbsp;1.2 GHz</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>CPU 速率</strong></td>
<td>1.2 GHz</td>
<td>1.2 GHz</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>内存（RAM）</strong></td>
<td>512 MB</td>
<td>256 MB</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>显卡</strong></td>
<td>&nbsp;NVidia 或者 ATI 卡，256MB 显存或更高</td>
<td>&nbsp;NVidia 或者 ATI 卡，128MB 显存</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>硬盘</strong></td>
<td>50 GB 或更多</td>
<td>50 GB</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
### 4.《外星人竞技场 2008》 ###
![](http://mylinuxbook.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/AlienArena2008.jpg)
《外星人竞技场》是一款独立 3D 第一人称在线死亡竞技射击类电子游戏，基于 id software 的雷神 II 与雷神 III 引擎的源代码制作而成。这款由 COR entertainment 开发的游戏于 2004 年 10 月发行，发行之日起即宣布免费，并且目前为止仍没有变更为付费游戏的计划。
游戏特色包括新的粒子引擎与特效、32 位画面、反光水面特效、光影、高分辨率画质及皮肤、染色地图，等等，使得《外星人竞技场 2008》成为一款引人注目的游戏。游戏从最初的版本“红色代码：外星人竞技场”到发行走了一段很长的路，其间更新了全部游戏角色、将近 24 张地图、武器模块，以及许多很重要的引擎提升与优化。
** 游戏介绍 **：37 个等级是外星人竞技场的重要特点，并且具有快速流畅的游戏体验以及高科技氛围。玩家可以选择在线与他人对战或者与红色代码构建的具有多种技能等级，如火箭跳跃及机枪扫射跳跃的机器人对战。游戏也提供了夺旗模式（Capture The Flag，CTF）与全队攻击模式（All Out Assault，AOA），玩家可以通过这些模式来进行战斗、死亡击球以及团队核心战斗。
#### 系统需求： ####
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td><strong>推荐配置</strong></td>
<td><strong>最低配置</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>CPU</strong></td>
<td>Intel 奔腾 4 处理器，1.7 GHz 或者 AMD Athlon XP 1800</td>
<td>奔腾 3 处理器，800MHz</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>CPU 速率</strong></td>
<td>1.7 GHz</td>
<td>800MHz (或者 1 GHz)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>内存（RAM）</strong></td>
<td>512 MB</td>
<td>256 MB</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>显卡</strong></td>
<td>BFG GeForce 7800 GS OC</td>
<td>NVIDIA GeForce 4400+ 或者 ATI Radeon 8500+ (32 MB 显存)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>显存</strong></td>
<td>64 MB</td>
<td>32 MB</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>声卡</strong></td>
<td>可兼容 DirectX</td>
<td>可兼容 DirectX</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>DirectX</strong></td>
<td>9.0c</td>
<td>9.0c</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>硬盘</strong></td>
<td>500 MB</td>
<td>500 MB</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
### 5.《Nexuiz》 ###
![](http://mylinuxbook.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/nexuiz.jpg)
《Nexuiz》是一款由 Alientrap 开发并于 2005 年 5 月 31 日发行的第一人称射击死亡竞技类 3D 电子游戏，由一款名为 DarkPlaces 的修改过的雷神 1 引擎基础上制作，其特色包括 Quake3bsp 支持，日冕，新的粒子特效，真实世界时间系统还有动态光影，改进过的菜单系统和 Md3 模块支持。游戏需要在互联网或者局域网环境下进行。
** 游戏介绍 **：游戏是死亡竞技模式，同时附带极高的速度与难以想象的武器，提供急速行走方式。除了死亡竞技外还有其他几种游戏模式，如：团队竞技模式、猎杀模式、夺旗模式、多人变异者模式，武器选项模式也包含火箭竞技场模式、instagib 模式。尽管 Nexuiz 以多人模式为主，但同时包含完整的单人战役模式，允许一名玩家在丰富多彩的多人地图模式的基础上与本地机器人游戏。
#### 系统需求：####
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td><strong>推荐配置</strong></td>
<td><strong>最低配置s</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>CPU</strong></td>
<td>Intel 酷睿 2 双核，2Ghz 或者 AMD Athlon 64 x2，2 Ghz，或者更好的处理器</td>
<td>奔腾 III 处理器，1 Ghz 或者 AMD Athlon</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>内存（RAM）</strong></td>
<td>2 GB</td>
<td>512 MB</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>显卡</strong></td>
<td>NVidia 8800GT，512 Mb 显存，ATI 3850HD，512Mb 显存，或者更好的显卡</td>
<td>GeForce 2 或者 同等性能的显卡</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>硬盘</strong></td>
<td>3 GB</td>
<td>400 MB</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
### 6.《Tremulous》 ###
![](http://mylinuxbook.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Tremulous.jpg)
《Tremulous》是一款免费开源的游戏，包含有团队 FPS 模式与即时战略元素。游戏由 Dark Legion Development 在 ioquake2 游戏引擎的基础上开发，于 2005 年 8 月 11 日发行。尽管游戏的起源是雷神 3 的一个 mod，但最后却独立出来了。
《Tremulous》荣获了 Mod Database 举办的 2006 年 “年度 Mod” 颁奖典礼中的 “玩家评选的年度最佳独立游戏” 奖项，同时也获得了 Planet Quake 网站玩家投票的第一个“以雷神引擎开的基于 GPL 协议的最佳免费游戏”。
** 游戏介绍 **：游戏背景可推测设定在未来，在那个时代人类与蜘蛛外形的外星人进行战斗。玩家可以在两个仅有的种族，人类与外星人，中选择自己的种族，每个种族的玩家都可以像即时战略游戏一样在游戏中进行建筑。其中最重要的建筑是重生点，重生点允许死亡的队友重新加入游戏。
#### 系统需求： ####
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td><strong>推荐配置</strong></td>
<td><strong>最低配置</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>CPU</strong></td>
<td>奔腾 4 处理器，3.46GHz 或者 Athlon 64 3800+</td>
<td>奔腾 4 处理器，1.8GHz 或者 Athlon XP 1700+</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>内存（RAM）</strong></td>
<td>2 GB</td>
<td>256 MB</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>显卡</strong></td>
<td>Nvidia GeForce GT 120 , AMD Radeon HD 4550</td>
<td>Nvidia GeForce 210 , AMD Radeon X600 系列s</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>DirectX 版本</strong></td>
<td>DX 9.0c</td>
<td>DX 9.0c</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>硬盘空间</strong></td>
<td>4 GB</td>
<td>125 MB</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
### 7.《Warsow》 ###
![](http://mylinuxbook.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/warsow.jpg)
《Warsow》是一款在线的第一人称射击类（FPS）电子游戏，其创作灵感来源于 90 年代末期以及 20 世纪初期的快速步行射击。Warsow 的代码库是免费开源的软件，遵循 GPL 协议，在雷神 II 引擎的改进版 Qfusion 的基础上开发而来。Warsow 吸引人的地方在于其独一无二的体验，这些体验来自于其开发团队努力追求着去开发一款有趣、快速的动作类游戏，并且致力于速度、花样跳跃与动作的艺术。这款游戏在卡通风格中运用了细节阴影图像技术，使得游戏主题呈现出赛博朋克的风格。
** 游戏介绍 **：这款快速步行 3D 单人射击游戏将主要目标集中于移动和花样跳跃，其中许多花样来自于雷神系列，包括圆周跳跃、兔子跳跃、二段跳、斜坡滑行，以及火箭跳跃。除了这些花样，《Warsow》也允许玩家飞奔、闪避或者沿墙跳跃，这个动作很有可能是来源于《Urban Terror》。
### 系统需求： ###
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td><strong>最低配置</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>CPU</strong></td>
<td>奔腾 II 处理器，300 Mhz 或者更好的处理器</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>内存（RAM）</strong></td>
<td>64 MB</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>显卡</strong></td>
<td>16 MB 显存（Riva TNT 或者更好的显卡）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>硬盘</strong></td>
<td>400 MB</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
** 注意 ** – 这款游戏的推荐配置可能不准确。下面是我们从一些论坛的讨论中得到的结果：
- CPU – Intel 奔腾 4 处理器 (3.00 GHz)
- 内存（RAM） - 512 MB
- 显卡 - 256 MB (nVidia GeForce 5500 FX)
- 硬盘 - 2 GB
### 8.《开放竞技场》（OA）###
![](http://mylinuxbook.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/open-arena.jpg)
《开放竞技场》是一款开源的多人 FPS 类游戏，基于由 id tech 3 引擎 fork 的 ioquake3 开发而来。游戏由 OpenArena 团队开发，并且遵守 GPLv2（GNU General Public License V2.0）协议。游戏官方网站的下载版本包括 GNU/Linux，Microsoft Windows 以及 Mac OS X 操作系统的对应版，同样支持诸如 Debian、Gentoo、Fedora、Arch、Mandriva 还有 Ubuntu 等 Linux 发行版。开放竞技场是一款可以离线或者在线进行的免费游戏，玩家也可以自己架设局域网或者 Internet 服务器。
** 游戏介绍 **：《开放竞技场》几乎和《雷神 III 竞技场》一样：通过杀敌得分获得游戏胜利，在不同的场景下可以使用一系列为平衡游戏所设计的武器。每场竞赛都有其独特的“竞技场”，地图上玩家们互相残杀；游戏包含多种游戏类型：死亡竞赛、锦标赛、团队死亡竞赛，还有夺旗模式。由于暴力以及成人因素，这款游戏并不适于 17 岁以下的孩子。
#### 系统需求： ####
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td><strong>推荐配置</strong></td>
<td><strong>最低配置</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>CPU</strong></td>
<td>奔腾 III 处理器，700MHz / AMD Athlon XP 2800+</td>
<td>奔腾 II 处理子，233MHz / AMD K6-2 300MHz 或者同等性能的处理器</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>内存（RAM）</strong></td>
<td>256 MB</td>
<td>64 MB</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>显卡</strong></td>
<td>Geforce 4 Ti 4400</td>
<td>16 MB（附带 OpenGL 加速）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>硬盘空间</strong></td>
<td>270 MB</td>
<td>50 MB</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
### 9.《Freecol》 ###
![](http://mylinuxbook.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Freecol.jpg)
《FreeCol》是一款免费开源的回合制策略类电子游戏，是古老游戏《殖民帝国》的仿制游戏，并且和《文明》非常相似。游戏最早于 2003 年 1 月 2 日发行，但是游戏的稳定版在 17 个 月前的 2013 年 1 月 7 日才刚刚发行。从游戏内容与过程来说，稳定版保持了最初版的样子，但是其游戏图像经过了重新设计。
** 游戏介绍 **：游戏时的目标是开拓新的殖民世界。游戏设定开始于 1492 年，初始有几艘船以及一些殖民者，玩家通过殖民者进行建筑并殖民扩张，同时与其他欧洲殖民者进行对抗。殖民者的扩张在欧洲王国的帮助下进行直到不再需要任何来自欧洲的协助，这表明殖民者已经独立并且不再需要任何来自外部的协助，接着宣布从王国独立出来。如果殖民者可以抵挡住来自王国的攻击，那么游戏就获胜了。
#### 系统需求： ####
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td><strong>推荐配置</strong></td>
<td><strong>最低配置</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>CPU</strong></td>
<td>Intel(R) 酷睿(TM)2 双核 CPU P8700，2.53 GHz</td>
<td>奔腾 3 处理器，1GHz</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>内存（RAM）</strong></td>
<td>512 MB</td>
<td>256 MB</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Java 版本</strong></td>
<td>JRE 7(Java Runtime Environment 7)</td>
<td>JREt 5 (or JRE 6)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>屏幕分辨率</strong></td>
<td>1024 X 768</td>
<td>1024 X 768</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
### 10.《急速 Tux 竞赛》 ###
![](http://mylinuxbook.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Extreme_Tux_Racer.jpg)
《急速 Tux 竞赛》，原名《Tux 竞赛》，是一款免费的 3D 电脑游戏软件，允许玩家使用 Linux 吉祥物，Tux 企鹅进行游戏。游戏于 2000 年 10 月 2 日，由在加拿大安大略省滑铁卢大学就读的在校生 Jasmin Patry 发行。游戏是一款非常新颖的 Linux 游戏，是非常有趣简单的竞速比赛，没有任何复杂或者暴力的元素，这使得游戏适合于任何年龄段的玩家。
** 游戏介绍 **：游戏里，Tux 沿着各种不同的赛道在陡峭的被冰雪覆盖的山上滑行，以冲击最短时间与最高分数为目标。可以通过在赛道上冲刺滑行时收集鲱鱼来提高分数。在雪地滑行时活动将更加灵活，在冰上滑行能加快 Tux 的速度，在岩石上滑行则会拖慢 Tux 的速度。
### 系统需求： ###
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td><strong>推荐配置</strong></td>
<td><strong>最低配置</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>CPU</strong></td>
<td>400 MHz 的处理器，或者更好的处理器</td>
<td>奔腾处理器，200MMX</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>内存（RAM）</strong></td>
<td>128 MB</td>
<td>64 MB</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>显卡</strong></td>
<td>TNT2/Voodoo3-class 3D 显卡，或者更好的显卡</td>
<td>3D 显卡，附带完全 OpenGL 支持</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>声卡</strong></td>
<td>16-bit</td>
<td>16-bit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>硬盘</strong></td>
<td>20 MB</td>
<td>20 MB</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
有话要说？在下面发表你的评论吧。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://mylinuxbook.com/top-10-free-linux-games/
作者：[Himanshu Arora][a]
译者：[SteveArcher](https://github.com/SteveArcher)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:http://mylinuxbook.com/author/himanshuc/
[1]:http://mylinuxbook.com/10-popular-fps-linux-games/

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什么时候Linux才能完美
================================================================================
前几天我的同事兼损友，Ken Starks，在FOSS Force上发表了[一篇文章][1]，关于他最喜欢发牢骚的内容：Linux系统中那些不能正常工作的事情。这次他抱怨的是在Mint里使用KDE时碰到的字体问题。这对于Ken来说也不是什么新鲜事了。过去他写了一些文章，关于各种Linux发行版中的缺陷从来都没有被认真修复过。他的观点是，这些在一次又一次的发布中从没有被修复过的“小问题”，对于Linux桌面系统在赢得大众方面的失败需要负主要责任。
### 他也许是对的 ###
圣诞节的时候，我给室友买了一个运行Android系统的二代Nexus 7平板，Android是一个建立在Linux内核基础上的操作系统。它拿起来就“能用”，不需要任何的调整。在过去的7个月里，她每天都要使用好几个小时。据我所了解的，她没发现任何需要修复的小问题。我敢肯定如果她碰到问题我会第一个知道，因为之前送给她Nexus的原因就是，我已经不想再继续维护她的Windows笔记本去满足她的需求了。她的电脑出问题后总是能找到我，而且总是希望我第一时间解决。Facebook不会等任何人，你懂的。
我说这个的原因是，Linux已经在计算机领域的手机和平板方面占据了首要位置。Apple确实通过iPhone和iPad赚了很多钱，但那是因为他们定的高价。而在市场占有率上，它远远比不上Android设备。而Microsoft也说明了Windows不再是过去那个无敌巨人。尽管花了大量的钱在电视广告和几乎CBS所有的连续剧中的显眼位置，Windows移动设备在市场占有率上看仍然仅仅只是个星号。
换句话说，Linux打赢了这场移动领域的战争。因为Google保证了Android拿起来就“能用”。
如今一般的计算机用户（我不喜欢“消费者”这个词）希望用他们的计算机来完成工作，而不是深入到里面去解决问题。这是可以理解的，就像一般拥有汽车的人，只是希望驾驶他们的汽车而不会想了解汽车的工作原理。就像大多数司机把他们的汽车送到修理店里去解决机械或电子问题，大多数的计算机用户也会把他们的设备送去返修而不操心是硬件问题或软件问题。他们只是希望这玩意儿能用。
### 也不全是这样子的 ###
早在2002年的时候，我第一次安装使用GNU/Linux，像大多数美国人那样，我搞不定拨号连接，在我呆的这个小地方当时宽带还没普及。我在当地Best Buy商店里花了差不多70美元买了用热缩膜包装的Mandrake 9.0的Powerpack版，当时那里同时在卖Mandrake和Red Hat，现在仍然还在经营桌面业务。
在那个恐龙时代，Mandrake被认为是易用的Linux发行版中做的最好的。它安装简单，还有人说比Windows还简单，它自带的分区工具更是让划分磁盘像切苹果馅饼一样简单。不过实际上，Linux老手们经常公开嘲笑Mandrake，暗示易用的Linux不是真的Linux。
但是我很喜欢它，感觉来到了一个全新的世界。再也不用担心Windows的蓝屏死机和几乎每天一死了。不幸的是，之前在Windows下“能用”的很多外围设备也随之而去。
安装完Mandrake之后我要做的第一件事就是，把我的小白盒拿给[Dragonware Computers][2]的Michelle，把便宜的winmodem换成硬件调制解调器。就算，一个硬件猫意味着计算机响应更快，但是计算机商店却在40英里外的地方，并不是很方便，而且费用我也有点压力。
但是我不介意。我对Microsoft并不感冒－－而且使用一个“不同”的操作系统让我感觉自己就像一个计算机天才。
打印机也是个麻烦，但是这个问题对于Mandrake还好，不像其他大多数发行版还需要命令行里的操作才能解决。Mandrake提供了一个华丽的图形界面来设置打印机－如果你正好幸运的有一台能在Linux下工作的打印机的话。很多，不是大多数，都不行。
我的还在保修期的Lexmark，在Windows下比其他打印机多出很多华而不实的小功能，厂商并不支持Linux版本，但是我找到一个多少能用的开源逆向工程驱动。它能在Mozilla浏览器里正常打印网页，但是在Star Office软件里打印的话会是用很小的字体塞到页面的右上角里。打印机还会发出很大的机械响声，让我想起了汽车变速箱在报废时发出的噪音。
Star Office问题的变通方案是把所有文字都保存到文本文件，然后在文本编辑器里打印。而对于那个听上去像是打印机处于自解体模式的噪音？我的方法是尽量不要打印。
### 更多的其他问题－对我来说太多了都快忘了 ###
我肯定记得的一个问题是，声卡工作不太正常，尽管Mandrake的界面上显示检测到并安装了声卡。泡了一段时间论坛也没什么收获，最终有人建议可能是权限问题。我看了一下，我靠！被他说中了。Mandrake默认的声卡权限不允许用户级别账号的访问，这也是在发行版发布之前应该要修改掉的问题，就像Ken所说的。特别是在这种用热缩膜包装好的售价70美金的发行版－这在2002年可比现在值钱多了。
好吧，我还有个并口扫描仪，在我转移到Linux之前两个星期买的，之后它就基本是块砖了，因为没有Linux下的驱动。
我的观点是在那个年代里这些都不重要。我们大多数人都习惯了修改配置文件之类的事情，即便是运行微软产品的“IBM兼容”计算机。就像那个年代的大多数用户，我刚学开始接触使用命令行的DOS机器，在它上面打印机需要针对每个程序单独设置，而且写写简单的autoexec.bat是必须的技能。
![Linux as a 1966 “goat.”](http://fossforce.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Pontiac_GTO_1966-300x224.jpg)
Linux就像1966年的“山羊”
能够摆弄操作系统内部的配置是能够拥有一台计算机的一个简单部分。我们大多数使用计算机的人要么是极客或是希望成为极客。我们为这种能够调整计算机按我们想要的方式运行的能力而感到骄傲。我们就是那个年代里高科技版本的好男孩，他们会在周六下午在树荫下改装他们肌肉车上的排气管，通风管，化油器之类的。
### 不过现在大家不是这样使用计算机的 ###
现在的计算机用户只是希望它能干活，不会有什么问题。而不想知道为什么Hulu或Netflix会不工作，或者为什么有些程序里字体显示正常而有的却没有。在安装完Linux后，他们不再希望听到“噢，这只是个很容易修改的小问题”，就像是开着新买的Chevy在车流中打不上火歇菜了时，不想听到“这只是个小问题我们会改的”。
现在，也包括我。尽管我很高兴还有足够的能力去修改从Mint或Fedora开发者漏过来的小问题，也不愿去处理。我有自己的事情。而且在我不用工作的时候，宁愿把时间浪费在Facebook上和朋友闲扯，也不想被自己的计算机搞得恼火。
当然，Linux随着时间已经改变很多了。近几年，可以完全肯定在笔记本电脑上安装一个主流Linux发行版的时候，Wi-Fi肯定能用。而且，大多数时候你只需要把打印机插入USB端口中就好了，它就已经准备好并工作了。但是，仍然有许多小细节需要处理－一些很久很久之前就应该处理的东西。
也许Ken还得继续抱怨下去...
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://fossforce.com/2014/08/when-linux-was-perfect-enough/
作者：Christine Hall
译者：[zpl1025](https://github.com/zpl1025)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[1]:http://fossforce.com/2014/07/ripe-linux-nits-to-pick/
[2]:http://www.dragonware.com/

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15个关于Linux‘cd’命令的练习例子
===
在Linux中，**‘cd‘（改变目录）**命令，是对新手和系统管理员来说，最重要最常用的命令。对管理无屏幕服务器的管理员，‘**cd**‘是引导进入目录，检查日志，执行程序/应用软件/脚本和其余每个任务的唯一方法。对新手来说，是他们必须自己动手学习的最初始命令
![15 cd command examples in linux](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/cd-command-in-linux.png)
Linux中15个cd命令举例
所以，请用心，我们在这会带给你**15**个基础的‘**cd**‘命令，它们富有技巧和捷径，学会使用这些了解到的技巧，会大大减少你在终端上花费的努力和时间
### 课程细节 ###
- 命令名称：cd
- 代表：切换目录
- 使用平台：所有Linux发行版本
- 执行方式：命令行
- 权限：访问自己的目录或者其余指定目录
- 级别：基础/初学者
1. 从当前目录切换到/usr/local
avi@tecmint:~$ cd /usr/local
avi@tecmint:/usr/local$
2. 使用绝对路径，从当前目录切换到/usr/local/lib
avi@tecmint:/usr/local$ cd /usr/local/lib
avi@tecmint:/usr/local/lib$
3. 使用相对路径，从当前路径切换到/usr/local/lib
avi@tecmint:/usr/local$ cd lib
avi@tecmint:/usr/local/lib$
4. **（a）**切换当前目录到上级目录
　 avi@tecmint:/usr/local/lib$ cd -
/usr/local
avi@tecmint:/usr/local$
4. **（b）**切换当前目录到上级目录
avi@tecmint:/usr/local/lib$ cd ..
avi@tecmint:/usr/local$
5. 显示我们最后一个离开的工作目录（使用‘-’选项）
avi@tecmint:/usr/local$ cd --
/home/avi
6. 从当前目录向上级返回两层
avi@tecmint:/usr/local$ cd ../ ../
avi@tecmint:/usr$
7. 从任何目录返回到用户home目录
avi@tecmint:/usr/local$ cd ~
avi@tecmint:~$
or
avi@tecmint:/usr/local$ cd
avi@tecmint:~$
8. 切换工作目录到当前工作目录（通常情况下看上去没啥用）
avi@tecmint:~/Downloads$ cd .
avi@tecmint:~/Downloads$
or
avi@tecmint:~/Downloads$ cd ./
avi@tecmint:~/Downloads$
9. 你当前目录是“/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages”，现在要切换到“home/avi/Desktop/”，要求：一行命令，通过向上一直切换直到‘/’，然后使用绝对路径
　 avi@tecmint:/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages$ cd ../../../../../home/avi/Desktop/
avi@tecmint:~/Desktop$
10. 从当前工作目录切换到/var/www/html，要求：不要将命令打完整，使用TAB
avi@tecmint:/var/www$ cd /v<TAB>/w<TAB>/h<TAB>
avi@tecmint:/var/www/html$
11. 从当前目录切换到/etc/v__ _，啊呀，你竟然忘了目录的名字，但是你又不想用TAB
avi@tecmint:~$ cd /etc/v*
avi@tecmint:/etc/vbox$
**请注意：**如果只有一个目录以‘**v**‘开头，这将会移动到‘**vbox**‘。如果有很多目录以‘**v**‘开头，而且命令行中没有提供更多的标准，这将会移动到第一个以‘**v**‘开头的目录（按照他们在标准字典里字母存在的顺序）
12. 你想切换到用户‘**av**‘（不确定是avi还是avt）目录，不用**TAB**
avi@tecmint:/etc$ cd /home/av?
avi@tecmint:~$
13. Linux下的pushed和poped
Pushed和poped是Linux bash命令，也是其他几个能够保存当前工作目录位置至内存，并且从内存读取目录作为当前目录的脚本，这些脚本也可以切换目录
　 avi@tecmint:~$ pushd /var/www/html
/var/www/html ~
avi@tecmint:/var/www/html$
上面的命令保存当前目录到内存，然后切换到要求的目录。一旦poped被执行，它会从内存取出保存的目录位置，作为当前目录
　 avi@tecmint:/var/www/html$ popd
~
avi@tecmint:~$
14. 切换到带有空格的目录
　 avi@tecmint:~$ cd test\ tecmint/
avi@tecmint:~/test tecmint$
or
avi@tecmint:~$ cd 'test tecmint'
avi@tecmint:~/test tecmint$
or
avi@tecmint:~$ cd "test tecmint"/
avi@tecmint:~/test tecmint$
15. 从当前目录切换到下载目录，然后列出它所包含的内容（使用一行命令）
　 avi@tecmint:/usr$ cd ~/Downloads && ls
…
.
service_locator_in.xls
sources.list
teamviewer_linux_x64.deb
tor-browser-linux64-3.6.3_en-US.tar.xz
.
...
我们尝试使用最少的词句和一如既往的友好，来让你了解Linux的工作和执行
这就是所有内容。我很快会带着另一个有趣的主题回来的。在此之前，保持和Tecmint的联系，别忘了在下面给我们提供你宝贵的反馈和评论
---
via: http://www.tecmint.com/cd-command-in-linux/
作者：[Avishek Kumar][a]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[su-kaiyao](https://github.com/su-kaiyao)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:http://www.tecmint.com/author/avishek/

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Linux中15个‘echo’ 实例
================================================================================
**echo**是一种最常用的与广泛使用的内置于Linux的bash和C shell的命令，通常用在脚本语言和批处理文件中来在标准输出或者文件中显示一行文本或者字符串。
![echo command examples](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/echo-command.png)
echo命令例子
echo命令的语法是：
echo [选项] [字符串]
**1.** 输入一行文本并显示在标准输出上
$ echo Tecmint is a community of Linux Nerds
会输出下面的文本:
Tecmint is a community of Linux Nerds
**2.** 声明一个变量并输出它的值。比如，声明变量**x**并给它赋值为**10**。
$ x=10
会输出它的值：
$ echo The value of variable x = $x
The value of variable x = 10
**注意：** Linux中的选项‘**-e**‘扮演了转义字符反斜线的翻译器。
**3.** 使用‘**\b**‘选项- ‘**-e**‘后带上'\b'会删除字符间的所有空格。
$ echo -e "Tecmint \bis \ba \bcommunity \bof \bLinux \bNerds"
TecmintisacommunityofLinuxNerds
**4.** 使用‘**\n**‘选项- ‘**-e**‘后面的带上‘\n’行会在遇到的地方作为新的一行
$ echo -e "Tecmint \nis \na \ncommunity \nof \nLinux \nNerds"
Tecmint
is
a
community
of
Linux
Nerds
**5.** 使用‘**\t**‘选项 - ‘**-e**‘后面跟上‘\t’会在空格间加上水平制表符。
$ echo -e "Tecmint \tis \ta \tcommunity \tof \tLinux \tNerds"
Tecmint is a community of Linux Nerds
**6.** 也可以同时使用换行‘**\n**‘与水平制表符‘**\t**‘。
$ echo -e "\n\tTecmint \n\tis \n\ta \n\tcommunity \n\tof \n\tLinux \n\tNerds"
Tecmint
is
a
community
of
Linux
Nerds
**7.** 使用‘**\v**‘选项 - ‘**-e**‘后面跟上‘\v’会加上垂直制表符。
$ echo -e "\vTecmint \vis \va \vcommunity \vof \vLinux \vNerds"
Tecmint
is
a
community
of
Linux
Nerds
**8.** 也可以同时使用换行‘**\n**‘与垂直制表符‘**\v**‘。
$ echo -e "\n\vTecmint \n\vis \n\va \n\vcommunity \n\vof \n\vLinux \n\vNerds"
Tecmint
is
a
community
of
Linux
Nerds
**注意：** 你可以按照你的需求连续使用两个或者多个垂直制表符，水平制表符与换行符。
**9.** 使用‘**\r**‘选项 - ‘**-e**‘后面跟上‘\r’来指定输出中的回车符。
$ echo -e "Tecmint \ris a community of Linux Nerds"
is a community of Linux Nerds
**10.** 使用‘**\c**‘选项 - ‘**-e**‘后面跟上‘\c’会抑制输出后面的字符并且最后不会换新行。
$ echo -e "Tecmint is a community \cof Linux Nerds"
Tecmint is a community @tecmint:~$
**11.** ‘**-n**‘会在echo完后不会输出新行。
$ echo -n "Tecmint is a community of Linux Nerds"
Tecmint is a community of Linux Nerds@tecmint:~/Documents$
**12.** 使用‘**\c**‘选项 - ‘**-e**‘后面跟上‘\a’选项会听到声音警告。
$ echo -e "Tecmint is a community of \aLinux Nerds"
Tecmint is a community of Linux Nerds
**注意：** 在你开始前，请先检查你的音量键。
**13.** 使用echo命令打印所有的文件和文件夹（ls命令的替代）。
$ echo *
103.odt 103.pdf 104.odt 104.pdf 105.odt 105.pdf 106.odt 106.pdf 107.odt 107.pdf 108a.odt 108.odt 108.pdf 109.odt 109.pdf 110b.odt 110.odt 110.pdf 111.odt 111.pdf 112.odt 112.pdf 113.odt linux-headers-3.16.0-customkernel_1_amd64.deb linux-image-3.16.0-customkernel_1_amd64.deb network.jpeg
**14.** 打印制定的文件类型。比如，让我们假设你想要打印所有的‘**.jpeg**‘文件，使用下面的命令。
$ echo *.jpeg
network.jpeg
**15.** echo可以使用重定向符来输出到一个文件而不是标准输出。
$ echo "Test Page" > testpage
## Check Content
avi@tecmint:~$ cat testpage
Test Page
### echo 选项 ###
<table border="0" cellspacing="0">
<colgroup width="85"></colgroup>
<colgroup width="271"></colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000;" align="LEFT" height="16"><b> 选项</b></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000;" align="LEFT"><b> 描述</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000;" align="LEFT" height="16"><b> -n</b></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000;" align="LEFT"> 不输出末尾的换行符。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000;" align="LEFT" height="16"><b> -e</b></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000;" align="LEFT"> 启用反斜线转义。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000;" align="LEFT" height="16"><b> \b</b></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000;" align="LEFT"> 退格</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000;" align="LEFT" height="16"><b> \\</b></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000;" align="LEFT"> 反斜线</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000;" align="LEFT" height="16"><b> \n</b></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000;" align="LEFT"> 新行</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000;" align="LEFT" height="16"><b> \r</b></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000;" align="LEFT"> 回车</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000;" align="LEFT" height="16"><b> \t</b></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000;" align="LEFT"> 水平制表符</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000;" align="LEFT" height="16"><b> \v</b></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000;" align="LEFT"> 垂直制表符</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
就是这些了，不要忘记在下面留下你有价值的反馈。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://www.tecmint.com/echo-command-in-linux/
作者：[Avishek Kumar][a]
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:http://www.tecmint.com/author/avishek/