Merge pull request #27889 from lkxed/20221109-5-How-to-Find-Systemd-or-Any-Other-init-System-in-Linux

[手动选题][tech]: 20221109.5 ⭐️ How to Find Systemd or Any Other init System in Linux.md

sources/tech/20221109.5 ⭐️ How to Find Systemd or Any Other init System in Linux.md

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+[#]: subject: "How to Find Systemd or Any Other init System in Linux"
+[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/systemd-or-init/"
+[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
+[#]: collector: "lkxed"
+[#]: translator: " "
+[#]: reviewer: " "
+[#]: publisher: " "
+[#]: url: " "
+
+How to Find Systemd or Any Other init System in Linux
+======
+
+**Here’s how you can determine if you are running systems or any other init system in your Linux distribution.**
+
+The first process, which starts when you boot up your Linux distribution, is called init (short for initialization). It has the process identifier 1 (i.e. pid=1). All the processes and applications in your Unix-based system are direct descendants of this init process.
+
+Based on functionality and features, different types of init processes are present. For example, [systemd][1], Runit, OpenRC, sysVinit, etc. Among those, the systemd is the most popular and modern one, which is used and adopted by all the modern Linux distributions, including Ubuntu and Fedora.
+
+There are ongoing debates about Systemd and its performance compared to the traditional Unix-based init systems. But that’s a topic for another article.
+
+let’s find out how you can determine whether you are running a systemd or any other init system in your Linux distribution.
+
+### Systemd or what init system?
+
+Unfortunately, there’s no direct command to find it out. You can trace it back from the init process id=1, which is basically a symbolic link to `/sbin/init` i.e. pid=1.
+
+Use `[strings][2]` command to print the text embedded in the binary file `/sbin/init` & search for init with the following command.
+
+```
+strings /sbin/init | grep init
+```
+
+**Example 1**: In this below output where it’s a sysVinit system running Debian (via Peppermint OS). As you can see, it clearly shows the init process name.
+
+```
+strings /sbin/init | grep init
+```
+
+![example showing the init is used and not systemd][3]
+
+If you find systemd in the same above system, there won’t be any entries. Hence you can conclude that you are running sysvinit and not systemd.
+
+**Example 2**: If you run the above command in a systemd system, you can easily see the systemd and its version at the first line of the output.
+
+```
+strings /sbin/init | grep systemd
+```
+
+![example showing it uses systemd][4]
+
+**Example 3**: You can also try to print the process tree using `pstree` command, which should show you the first process name. It should be either systemd or init, as shown in the below example.
+
+```
+pstree
+```
+
+![pstree is showing systemd is used][5]
+
+![pstree is showing init is used][6]
+
+That’s it. This is how you can easily find out whether your distro uses systemd or something else.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: https://www.debugpoint.com/systemd-or-init/
+
+作者：[Arindam][a]
+选题：[lkxed][b]
+译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
+校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/
+[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
+[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/tag/systemd
+[2]: https://linux.die.net/man/1/strings
+[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/example-showing-the-init-is-used-and-not-systemd.jpg
+[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/example-showing-it-uses-systemd.jpg
+[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/pstree-is-showing-systemd-is-used.jpg
+[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/pstree-is-showing-init-is-used.jpg