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[Translated]20161104 4 Easy Ways To Generate A Strong Password In Linux.md
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Chang Liu
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# 4 Easy Ways To Generate A Strong Password In Linux
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Image Courtesy: Google.
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Yesterday, We have covered how to [force users to use a strong password in DEB based systems][8]such as Debian, Ubuntu, Linux Mint, Elementary OS etc. You might wonder how a strong password looks like, and how could I create one? No worries! Here is the 4 easy ways to generate a strong password in Linux. Of course, there are many free tools and ways to accomplish this task, however I consider these methods are simple, and straightforward. Let us get started.
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Download – [Free EBook: “Getting started with Ubuntu 16.04”][7]
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### 1\. Generate a strong password in Linux using OpenSSL
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OpenSSL is available for all Unix-like distributions, Solaris, Mac OS X, and Windows.
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To generate a random password with OpenSSL, fire up your Terminal and run the following command:
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```
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openssl rand 14 -base64
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```
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Here, ‘-base64’ string will make sure the password can be typed on a keyboard.
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Sample output:
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```
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wXCHXlxuhrFrFMQLqik=
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```
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[
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][6]
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The above command will generate a random and strong password with length of 14 characters. Remember It is always recommend to generate 14 characters password. Of course you can generate any length of characters using openssl.
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For more details, refer the man pages.
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```
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man openssl
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```
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### 2\. Generate a strong password in Linux using Pwgen
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pwgen is simple, yet useful command line utility to generate a random and strong password in seconds. It designs secure passwords that can be easily memorized by humans. It is available in the most Unix-like operating systems.
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To install pwgen in DEB based systems, run:
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```
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sudo apt-get install pwgen
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```
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In RPM based systems:
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```
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sudo yum install pwgen
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```
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In Arch based systems:
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```
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sudo pacman -S pwgen
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```
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Once pwgen installed, generate a random and strong password with length of 14 letters using command:
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```
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pwgen 14 1
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```
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Sample output:
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```
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Choo4aicozai3a
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```
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[
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][5]
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The above command will create only one password with length of 14 characters. To create 2 different passwords with length of 14 characters, run:
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```
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pwgen 14 2
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```
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Sample output:
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```
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xee7seerez6Kau Aeshu0geveeji8
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```
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To crate 100 different passwords (Not necessary though) with length of 14 characters, run:
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```
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pwgen 14
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```
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Sample output:
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```
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kaeNg3EiVei4ei Oo0iehiJaix5Ae aenuv2eree2Quo iaT7zahH1eN2Aj Bie2owaiFahsie
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gaan9zu5Xeh5ah ahGeeth8ea5ooh Ir0ueda5poogh5 uo0ohqu2ufaiX2 Mei0pee6Og3zae
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Oofeiceer8Aipu sheew3aeReidir Dee4Heib2eim2o eig6jar8giPhae Zahde9nae1Niew
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quatol5Oi3Bah2 quue4eebaiNgaa oGoahieSh5oL4m aequeeQue2piti laige5seePhugo
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iiGo9Uthee4ros WievaiQu2xech6 shaeve0maaK3ae ool8Pai2eighis EPheiRiet1ohci
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ZieX9outhoht8N Uh1UoPhah2Thee reaGhohZae5idi oiG4ooshiyi5in keePh1ohshei8y
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aim5Eevah2thah Xaej8tha5eisho IeGie1Anaalaev gaoY3ohthooh3x chaebeesahTh8e
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soh7oosieY5eiD ahmoh6Ihii6que Shoowoo5dahbah ieW0aiChubee7I Caet6aikai6aex
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coo1du2Re9aika Ohnei5Egoh7leV aiyie6Ahdeipho EiV0aeToeth1da iNgaesu4eeyu0S
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Eeb1suoV3naera railai2Vaina8u xu3OhVee1reeyu Og0eavae3oohoh audahneihaeK8a
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foo6iechi5Eira oXeixoh6EwuboD we1eiDahNgoh9s ko1Eeju1iedu1z aeP7achiisohr7
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phang5caeGei5j ait4Shuo5Aitai no4eis9Tohd8oh Quiet6oTaaQuei Dei2pu2NaefeCa
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Shiim9quiuy0ku yiewooph3thieL thu8Aphai1ieDa Phahnahch1Aam1 oocex7Yaith8oo
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eraiGaech5ahNg neixa3malif5Ya Eux7chah8ahXix eex1lahXae4Mei uGhahzonu6airu
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yah8uWahn3jeiW Yi4ye4Choongie io1Vo3aiQuahpi rie4Rucheet6ae Dohbieyaeleis5
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xi1Zaushohbei7 jeeb9EiSiech0u eewo0Oow7ielie aiquooZamah5th kouj7Jaivohx9o
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biyeeshesaDi9e she9ooj3zuw6Ah Eit7dei1Yei5la xohN0aeSheipaa Eeg9Phob6neema
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eengoneo4saeL4 aeghi4feephu6W eiWash2Vie1mee chieceish5ioPe ool4Hongo7ef1o
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jahBe1pui9thou eeV2choohoa4ee Ohmae0eef4ic8I Eet0deiyohdiew Ke9ue5thohzei3
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aiyoxeiva8Maih gieRahgh8anahM ve2ath9Eyi5iet quohg6ok3Ahgee theingaech5Nef
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```
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[
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][4]
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To include at least 1 number in the password run:
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```
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pwgen 14 1 -n 1
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```
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Sample output:
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```
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xoiFush3ceiPhe
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```
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There are also some useful options available to use with pwgen command.
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```
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-c or --capitalize (Include at least one capital letter in the password)
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-A or --no-capitalize (Don't include capital letters in the password)
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-n or --numerals (Include at least one number in the password)
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-0 or --no-numerals (Don't include numbers in the password)
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-y or --symbols (Include at least one special symbol in the password)
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-s or --secure (Generate completely random passwords)
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-B or --ambiguous (Don't include ambiguous characters in the password)
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-h or --help (Print a help message)
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-H or --sha1=path/to/file[#seed] (Use sha1 hash of given file as a (not so) random generator)
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-C (Print the generated passwords in columns)
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-1 (Don't print the generated passwords in columns)
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-v or --no-vowels (Do not use any vowels so as to avoid accidental nasty words)
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```
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For more details, check the man pages.
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```
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man pwgen
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```
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### 3\. Generate a strong password in Linux using GPG
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GPG (GnuPG or GNU Privacy Guard), is free command-line program and replacement of Symantec’s PGP cryptographic software. It is available for Unix-like operating systems, Microsoft Windows and Android versions.
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To generate a random and strong password with length of 14 characters using GPG, run the following command from the Terminal:
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```
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gpg --gen-random --armor 1 14
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```
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Sample output:
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```
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DkmsrUy3klzzbIbavx8=
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```
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[
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][3]
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The above command will generate a secure, random, strong and base64 encoded password.
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### 4\. Generate a strong password in Linux using Perl
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Perl is available in the most Linux distribution’s default repositories. Install it using the package manager.
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For example, to install Perl on DEB based systems run:
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```
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sudo apt-get install perl
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```
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To install Perl on RPM based systems, run:
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```
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sudo yum install perl
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```
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On Arch based systems:
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```
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sudo pacman -S perl
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```
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Once Perl installed, create a file:
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```
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vi password.pl
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```
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Add the following contents in it.
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```
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#!/usr/bin/perl
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my @alphanumeric = ('a'..'z', 'A'..'Z', 0..9);
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my $randpassword = join '', map $alphanumeric[rand @alphanumeric], 0..8;
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print "$randpassword\n"
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```
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[
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][2]
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Save and close the file.
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Now, go to the location where you saved the file, and run the following command:
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```
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perl password.pl
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```
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Replace password.pl with your own filename.
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Sample output:
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```
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3V4CJJnYd
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```
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[
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][1]
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Note: I couldn’t find the original author of this script. If anyone know the author’s name, please let me know in the comment section below. I will add the author name in this guide.
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Please note that you must memorize or keep the passwords you have generated in a safe place in your computer. I recommend you to memorize the password and delete it from your system. It is much better in case your system is compromised by any hackers.
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That’s all for today folks. I will here with another interesting article soon. Until then, stay tuned with OSTechNix.
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Happy Weekend!
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Cheers!!
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.ostechnix.com/4-easy-ways-to-generate-a-strong-password-in-linux/
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作者：[ SK ][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/
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[1]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/sk@sk_002.png
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[2]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/sk@sk_001.png
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[3]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/sk@sk_006.png
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[4]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/sk@sk_005.png
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[5]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/sk@sk_004.png
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[6]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/sk@sk_003.png
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[7]:http://ostechnix.tradepub.com/free/w_ubun08/prgm.cgi?a=1
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[8]:https://www.ostechnix.com/force-users-use-strong-passwords-debian-ubuntu/
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@ -0,0 +1,287 @@
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# 4 种简单方法让你在 Linux 下生成一个高强度密码
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图片来源： Google.
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昨天，我们已经分享了如何 [要求用户在基于 DEB 的系统中使用一个高强度的密码][8]，例如在 Debian，Ubuntu，Linux Mint， Elementary OS 等系统中。那么，你可能会疑惑一个高强度的密码究竟是什么样的呢？怎么才能生成一个那样的密码呢？不用担心，下面我们将介绍 4 种简单方法让你在 Linux 中生成一个高强度密码。当然，已经有很多免费的工具或者方式来完成这个任务，但这里我们仅考虑那些简单直接的方法。下面就让我们开始吧。
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下载 – [免费电子书：“Ubuntu 16.04 入门”][7]
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### 1. 在 Linux 中使用 OpenSSL 来生成一个高强度密码
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OpenSSL 在所有的类 Unix 发行版本，Solaris，Mac OS X 和 Windows 中都可以获取到。
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要使用 OpenSSL 生成一个随机密码，唤起你的终端并运行下面的命令：
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```
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openssl rand 14 -base64
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```
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上面的 `-base64` 字符串将确保生成的密码可以被键盘敲出来。
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样例输出：
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```
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wXCHXlxuhrFrFMQLqik=
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```
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[
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][6]
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上面的命令将生成一个随机的、长度为 14 个字符的高强度密码。记住我们强烈推荐你生成 14 个字符的密码。
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当然你可以使用 OpenSSL 生成任意长度的密码。
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要了解更多信息，可以参考联机手册：
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```
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man openssl
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```
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### 2. 在 Linux 中使用 Pwgen 来生成一个高强度密码
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pwgen 是一个简单却非常有用的命令行工具，用它可以在短时间内生成一个随机且高强度的密码。它设计出的安全密码可以被人们更容易地记住。在大多数的类 Unix 系统中都可以获取到它。
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在基于 DEB 的系统中安装 pwgen 请运行：
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```
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sudo apt-get install pwgen
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```
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在基于 RPM 的系统中，运行：
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```
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sudo yum install pwgen
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```
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在基于 Arch 的系统中，则运行：
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```
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sudo pacman -S pwgen
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```
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一旦 pwgen 安装完成后，便可以使用下面的命令来生成 1 个长度为 14 个字符的随机高强度密码：
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```
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pwgen 14 1
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```
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样例输出：
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```
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Choo4aicozai3a
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```
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[
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][5]
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上面的命令将只生成 1 个长度为 14 个字符的密码，如果要生成 2 个长度为 14 个字符的不同密码，则可以运行：
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```
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pwgen 14 2
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```
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样例输出：
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```
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||||||
|
xee7seerez6Kau Aeshu0geveeji8
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
如果要生成 100 个（尽管可能没有必要生成那么多）长度为 14 个字符的不同密码，则可以运行：
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
pwgen 14
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
样例输出：
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
kaeNg3EiVei4ei Oo0iehiJaix5Ae aenuv2eree2Quo iaT7zahH1eN2Aj Bie2owaiFahsie
|
||||||
|
gaan9zu5Xeh5ah ahGeeth8ea5ooh Ir0ueda5poogh5 uo0ohqu2ufaiX2 Mei0pee6Og3zae
|
||||||
|
Oofeiceer8Aipu sheew3aeReidir Dee4Heib2eim2o eig6jar8giPhae Zahde9nae1Niew
|
||||||
|
quatol5Oi3Bah2 quue4eebaiNgaa oGoahieSh5oL4m aequeeQue2piti laige5seePhugo
|
||||||
|
iiGo9Uthee4ros WievaiQu2xech6 shaeve0maaK3ae ool8Pai2eighis EPheiRiet1ohci
|
||||||
|
ZieX9outhoht8N Uh1UoPhah2Thee reaGhohZae5idi oiG4ooshiyi5in keePh1ohshei8y
|
||||||
|
aim5Eevah2thah Xaej8tha5eisho IeGie1Anaalaev gaoY3ohthooh3x chaebeesahTh8e
|
||||||
|
soh7oosieY5eiD ahmoh6Ihii6que Shoowoo5dahbah ieW0aiChubee7I Caet6aikai6aex
|
||||||
|
coo1du2Re9aika Ohnei5Egoh7leV aiyie6Ahdeipho EiV0aeToeth1da iNgaesu4eeyu0S
|
||||||
|
Eeb1suoV3naera railai2Vaina8u xu3OhVee1reeyu Og0eavae3oohoh audahneihaeK8a
|
||||||
|
foo6iechi5Eira oXeixoh6EwuboD we1eiDahNgoh9s ko1Eeju1iedu1z aeP7achiisohr7
|
||||||
|
phang5caeGei5j ait4Shuo5Aitai no4eis9Tohd8oh Quiet6oTaaQuei Dei2pu2NaefeCa
|
||||||
|
Shiim9quiuy0ku yiewooph3thieL thu8Aphai1ieDa Phahnahch1Aam1 oocex7Yaith8oo
|
||||||
|
eraiGaech5ahNg neixa3malif5Ya Eux7chah8ahXix eex1lahXae4Mei uGhahzonu6airu
|
||||||
|
yah8uWahn3jeiW Yi4ye4Choongie io1Vo3aiQuahpi rie4Rucheet6ae Dohbieyaeleis5
|
||||||
|
xi1Zaushohbei7 jeeb9EiSiech0u eewo0Oow7ielie aiquooZamah5th kouj7Jaivohx9o
|
||||||
|
biyeeshesaDi9e she9ooj3zuw6Ah Eit7dei1Yei5la xohN0aeSheipaa Eeg9Phob6neema
|
||||||
|
eengoneo4saeL4 aeghi4feephu6W eiWash2Vie1mee chieceish5ioPe ool4Hongo7ef1o
|
||||||
|
jahBe1pui9thou eeV2choohoa4ee Ohmae0eef4ic8I Eet0deiyohdiew Ke9ue5thohzei3
|
||||||
|
aiyoxeiva8Maih gieRahgh8anahM ve2ath9Eyi5iet quohg6ok3Ahgee theingaech5Nef
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
][4]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
如果要在密码中包含至少 1 个数字，则可以运行：
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
pwgen 14 1 -n 1
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
样例输出：
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
xoiFush3ceiPhe
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
另外，pwgen 命令还有一些很实用的选项：
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
-c 或 --capitalize （在密码中包含至少一个大写字母）
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
-A 或 --no-capitalize （在密码中不包含大写字母）
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
-n 或 --numerals （在密码中包含至少一个数字）
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
-0 或 --no-numerals （在密码中不包含数字）
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
-y 或 --symbols （在密码中包含至少一个特殊字符）
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
-s 或 --secure （生成完全随机的密码）
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
-B 或 --ambiguous （在密码中不包含双关词语）
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
-h 或 --help （输出帮助信息）
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
-H 或 --sha1=path/to/file[#seed] （使用某个给定文件的 sha1 哈希值来作为随机数的生成种子）
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
-C （按列输出生成好的密码）
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
-1 （不按列输出生成好的密码）
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
-v 或 --no-vowels （不使用任何元音字母，以防止生成下流的词语）
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
若想了解更多信息，请查阅其联机手册：
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
man pwgen
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 3. 在 Linux 中使用 GPG 来生成一个高强度密码
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
GPG (GnuPG or GNU Privacy Guard) 是一个免费的命令行程序，可以用于替代赛门铁克的 PGP 加密软件。在类 Unix 操作系统、Microsoft Windows 和 Android 中都可以获取到它。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
要使用 PGP 生成 1 个长度为 14 个字符的高强度密码，请在终端中运行下面的命令：
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
gpg --gen-random --armor 1 14
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
样例输出：
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
DkmsrUy3klzzbIbavx8=
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
][3]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
上面的命令将生成一个安全、随机、高强度且基于 base64 编码的密码。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 4. 在 Linux 中使用 Perl 来生成一个高强度密码
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Perl 在大多数 Linux 发行版本的默认软件仓库中都可以获取到，你可以使用相应的包管理器来安装它。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
例如在基于 DEB 的系统中，可以运行下面的命令来安装 Perl：
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
sudo apt-get install perl
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
在基于 RPM 的系统中安装 Perl ，可以运行：
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
sudo yum install perl
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
在基于 Arch 的系统中，则运行：
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
sudo pacman -S perl
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
一旦 Perl 安装完成，使用下面的命令创建一个文件：
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
vi password.pl
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
接着添加下面的内容到这个文件中：
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
#!/usr/bin/perl
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
my @alphanumeric = ('a'..'z', 'A'..'Z', 0..9);
|
||||||
|
my $randpassword = join '', map $alphanumeric[rand @alphanumeric], 0..8;
|
||||||
|
print "$randpassword\n"
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
][2]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
保存并关闭该文件。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
接着，切换到你刚才保存文件的地方，并运行下面的命令：
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
perl password.pl
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
使用你自己定义的文件名来替换上面命令中的 `password.pl` 。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
样例输出：
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
3V4CJJnYd
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
][1]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
注： 我无法找到这个脚本的原有作者，假如你知道作者的名字，请在下面的评论部分让我知晓，我将在这篇指南中添加上该作者的名字。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Please note that you must memorize or keep the passwords you have generated in a safe place in your computer. I recommend you to memorize the password and delete it from your system. It is much better in case your system is compromised by any hackers.
|
||||||
|
请注意：对于你生成的密码，你必须记住它，或者将它保存到你电脑中一个安全的地方。我建议你记住密码并将它从你的系统中删除，因为这总比你的系统被黑客控制要好。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
伙计们，今天就是这么多了。不久我将带来另一篇有意思的文章。在此之前，敬请关注 OSTechNix。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Happy Weekend!
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Cheers!!
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
via: https://www.ostechnix.com/4-easy-ways-to-generate-a-strong-password-in-linux/
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
作者：[ SK ][a]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
译者：[FSSlc](https://github.com/FSSlc)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[a]:https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/
|
||||||
|
[1]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/sk@sk_002.png
|
||||||
|
[2]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/sk@sk_001.png
|
||||||
|
[3]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/sk@sk_006.png
|
||||||
|
[4]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/sk@sk_005.png
|
||||||
|
[5]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/sk@sk_004.png
|
||||||
|
[6]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/sk@sk_003.png
|
||||||
|
[7]:http://ostechnix.tradepub.com/free/w_ubun08/prgm.cgi?a=1
|
||||||
|
[8]:https://www.ostechnix.com/force-users-use-strong-passwords-debian-ubuntu/
|
||||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user