[Translated]20161104 4 Easy Ways To Generate A Strong Password In Linux.md

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FSSlc translating
# 4 Easy Ways To Generate A Strong Password In Linux
![Generate a strong password in Linux](https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/password-720x340.jpg)
Image Courtesy: Google.
Yesterday, We have covered how to [force users to use a strong password in DEB based systems][8]such as Debian, Ubuntu, Linux Mint, Elementary OS etc. You might wonder how a strong password looks like, and how could I create one? No worries! Here is the 4 easy ways to generate a strong password in Linux. Of course, there are many free tools and ways to accomplish this task, however I consider these methods are simple, and straightforward. Let us get started.
Download  [Free EBook: “Getting started with Ubuntu 16.04”][7]
### 1\. Generate a strong password in Linux using OpenSSL
OpenSSL is available for all Unix-like distributions, Solaris, Mac OS X, and Windows.
To generate a random password with OpenSSL, fire up your Terminal and run the following command:
```
openssl rand 14 -base64
```
Here, -base64 string will make sure the password can be typed on a keyboard.
Sample output:
```
wXCHXlxuhrFrFMQLqik=
```
[
![sksk_003](http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/sk@sk_003.png)
][6]
The above command will generate a random and strong password with length of 14 characters. Remember It is always recommend to generate 14 characters password. Of course you can generate any length of characters using openssl.
For more details, refer the man pages.
```
man openssl
```
### 2\. Generate a strong password in Linux using Pwgen
pwgen is simple, yet useful command line utility to generate a random and strong password in seconds. It designs secure passwords that can be easily memorized by humans. It is available in the most Unix-like operating systems.
To install pwgen in DEB based systems, run:
```
sudo apt-get install pwgen
```
In RPM based systems:
```
sudo yum install pwgen
```
In Arch based systems:
```
sudo pacman -S pwgen
```
Once pwgen installed, generate a random and strong password with length of 14 letters using command:
```
pwgen 14 1
```
Sample output:
```
Choo4aicozai3a
```
[
![sksk_004](http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/sk@sk_004.png)
][5]
The above command will create only one password with length of 14 characters. To create 2 different passwords with length of 14 characters, run:
```
pwgen 14 2
```
Sample output:
```
xee7seerez6Kau Aeshu0geveeji8
```
To crate 100 different passwords (Not necessary though) with length of 14 characters, run:
```
pwgen 14
```
Sample output:
```
kaeNg3EiVei4ei Oo0iehiJaix5Ae aenuv2eree2Quo iaT7zahH1eN2Aj Bie2owaiFahsie
gaan9zu5Xeh5ah ahGeeth8ea5ooh Ir0ueda5poogh5 uo0ohqu2ufaiX2 Mei0pee6Og3zae
Oofeiceer8Aipu sheew3aeReidir Dee4Heib2eim2o eig6jar8giPhae Zahde9nae1Niew
quatol5Oi3Bah2 quue4eebaiNgaa oGoahieSh5oL4m aequeeQue2piti laige5seePhugo
iiGo9Uthee4ros WievaiQu2xech6 shaeve0maaK3ae ool8Pai2eighis EPheiRiet1ohci
ZieX9outhoht8N Uh1UoPhah2Thee reaGhohZae5idi oiG4ooshiyi5in keePh1ohshei8y
aim5Eevah2thah Xaej8tha5eisho IeGie1Anaalaev gaoY3ohthooh3x chaebeesahTh8e
soh7oosieY5eiD ahmoh6Ihii6que Shoowoo5dahbah ieW0aiChubee7I Caet6aikai6aex
coo1du2Re9aika Ohnei5Egoh7leV aiyie6Ahdeipho EiV0aeToeth1da iNgaesu4eeyu0S
Eeb1suoV3naera railai2Vaina8u xu3OhVee1reeyu Og0eavae3oohoh audahneihaeK8a
foo6iechi5Eira oXeixoh6EwuboD we1eiDahNgoh9s ko1Eeju1iedu1z aeP7achiisohr7
phang5caeGei5j ait4Shuo5Aitai no4eis9Tohd8oh Quiet6oTaaQuei Dei2pu2NaefeCa
Shiim9quiuy0ku yiewooph3thieL thu8Aphai1ieDa Phahnahch1Aam1 oocex7Yaith8oo
eraiGaech5ahNg neixa3malif5Ya Eux7chah8ahXix eex1lahXae4Mei uGhahzonu6airu
yah8uWahn3jeiW Yi4ye4Choongie io1Vo3aiQuahpi rie4Rucheet6ae Dohbieyaeleis5
xi1Zaushohbei7 jeeb9EiSiech0u eewo0Oow7ielie aiquooZamah5th kouj7Jaivohx9o
biyeeshesaDi9e she9ooj3zuw6Ah Eit7dei1Yei5la xohN0aeSheipaa Eeg9Phob6neema
eengoneo4saeL4 aeghi4feephu6W eiWash2Vie1mee chieceish5ioPe ool4Hongo7ef1o
jahBe1pui9thou eeV2choohoa4ee Ohmae0eef4ic8I Eet0deiyohdiew Ke9ue5thohzei3
aiyoxeiva8Maih gieRahgh8anahM ve2ath9Eyi5iet quohg6ok3Ahgee theingaech5Nef
```
[
![sksk_005](https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/plugins/lazy-load/images/1x1.trans.gif)
][4]
To include at least 1 number in the password run:
```
pwgen 14 1 -n 1
```
Sample output:
```
xoiFush3ceiPhe
```
There are also some useful options available to use with pwgen command.
```
-c or --capitalize (Include at least one capital letter in the password)
-A or --no-capitalize (Don't include capital letters in the password)
-n or --numerals (Include at least one number in the password)
-0 or --no-numerals (Don't include numbers in the password)
-y or --symbols (Include at least one special symbol in the password)
-s or --secure (Generate completely random passwords)
-B or --ambiguous (Don't include ambiguous characters in the password)
-h or --help (Print a help message)
-H or --sha1=path/to/file[#seed] (Use sha1 hash of given file as a (not so) random generator)
-C (Print the generated passwords in columns)
-1 (Don't print the generated passwords in columns)
-v or --no-vowels (Do not use any vowels so as to avoid accidental nasty words)
```
For more details, check the man pages.
```
man pwgen
```
### 3\. Generate a strong password in Linux using GPG
GPG (GnuPG or GNU Privacy Guard), is free command-line program and replacement of Symantecs PGP cryptographic software. It is available for Unix-like operating systems, Microsoft Windows and Android versions.
To generate a random and strong password with length of 14 characters using GPG, run the following command from the Terminal:
```
gpg --gen-random --armor 1 14
```
Sample output:
```
DkmsrUy3klzzbIbavx8=
```
[
![sksk_006](https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/plugins/lazy-load/images/1x1.trans.gif)
][3]
The above command will generate a secure, random, strong and base64 encoded password.
### 4\. Generate a strong password in Linux using Perl
Perl is available in the most Linux distributions default repositories. Install it using the package manager.
For example, to install Perl on DEB based systems run:
```
sudo apt-get install perl
```
To install Perl on RPM based systems, run:
```
sudo yum install perl
```
On Arch based systems:
```
sudo pacman -S perl
```
Once Perl installed, create a file:
```
vi password.pl
```
Add the following contents in it.
```
#!/usr/bin/perl
my @alphanumeric = ('a'..'z', 'A'..'Z', 0..9);
my $randpassword = join '', map $alphanumeric[rand @alphanumeric], 0..8;
print "$randpassword\n"
```
[
![sksk_001](http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/sk@sk_001.png)
][2]
Save and close the file.
Now, go to the location where you saved the file, and run the following command:
```
perl password.pl
```
Replace password.pl with your own filename.
Sample output:
```
3V4CJJnYd
```
[
![sksk_002](http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/sk@sk_002.png)
][1]
Note: I couldnt find the original author of this script. If anyone know the authors name, please let me know in the comment section below. I will add the author name in this guide.
Please note that you must memorize or keep the passwords you have generated in a safe place in your computer. I recommend you to memorize the password and delete it from your system. It is much better in case your system is compromised by any hackers.
Thats all for today folks. I will here with another interesting article soon. Until then, stay tuned with OSTechNix.
Happy Weekend!
Cheers!!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.ostechnix.com/4-easy-ways-to-generate-a-strong-password-in-linux/
作者:[ SK ][a]
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/
[1]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/sk@sk_002.png
[2]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/sk@sk_001.png
[3]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/sk@sk_006.png
[4]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/sk@sk_005.png
[5]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/sk@sk_004.png
[6]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/sk@sk_003.png
[7]:http://ostechnix.tradepub.com/free/w_ubun08/prgm.cgi?a=1
[8]:https://www.ostechnix.com/force-users-use-strong-passwords-debian-ubuntu/

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@ -0,0 +1,287 @@
# 4 种简单方法让你在 Linux 下生成一个高强度密码
![在 Linux 下生成一个高强度密码](https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/password-720x340.jpg)
图片来源: Google.
昨天,我们已经分享了如何 [要求用户在基于 DEB 的系统中使用一个高强度的密码][8],例如在 DebianUbuntuLinux Mint Elementary OS 等系统中。那么,你可能会疑惑一个高强度的密码究竟是什么样的呢?怎么才能生成一个那样的密码呢?不用担心,下面我们将介绍 4 种简单方法让你在 Linux 中生成一个高强度密码。当然,已经有很多免费的工具或者方式来完成这个任务,但这里我们仅考虑那些简单直接的方法。下面就让我们开始吧。
下载 – [免费电子书“Ubuntu 16.04 入门”][7]
### 1. 在 Linux 中使用 OpenSSL 来生成一个高强度密码
OpenSSL 在所有的类 Unix 发行版本SolarisMac OS X 和 Windows 中都可以获取到。
要使用 OpenSSL 生成一个随机密码,唤起你的终端并运行下面的命令:
```
openssl rand 14 -base64
```
上面的 `-base64` 字符串将确保生成的密码可以被键盘敲出来。
样例输出:
```
wXCHXlxuhrFrFMQLqik=
```
[
![sksk_003](http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/sk@sk_003.png)
][6]
上面的命令将生成一个随机的、长度为 14 个字符的高强度密码。记住我们强烈推荐你生成 14 个字符的密码。
当然你可以使用 OpenSSL 生成任意长度的密码。
要了解更多信息,可以参考联机手册:
```
man openssl
```
### 2. 在 Linux 中使用 Pwgen 来生成一个高强度密码
pwgen 是一个简单却非常有用的命令行工具,用它可以在短时间内生成一个随机且高强度的密码。它设计出的安全密码可以被人们更容易地记住。在大多数的类 Unix 系统中都可以获取到它。
在基于 DEB 的系统中安装 pwgen 请运行:
```
sudo apt-get install pwgen
```
在基于 RPM 的系统中,运行:
```
sudo yum install pwgen
```
在基于 Arch 的系统中,则运行:
```
sudo pacman -S pwgen
```
一旦 pwgen 安装完成后,便可以使用下面的命令来生成 1 个长度为 14 个字符的随机高强度密码:
```
pwgen 14 1
```
样例输出:
```
Choo4aicozai3a
```
[
![sksk_004](http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/sk@sk_004.png)
][5]
上面的命令将只生成 1 个长度为 14 个字符的密码,如果要生成 2 个长度为 14 个字符的不同密码,则可以运行:
```
pwgen 14 2
```
样例输出:
```
xee7seerez6Kau Aeshu0geveeji8
```
如果要生成 100 个(尽管可能没有必要生成那么多)长度为 14 个字符的不同密码,则可以运行:
```
pwgen 14
```
样例输出:
```
kaeNg3EiVei4ei Oo0iehiJaix5Ae aenuv2eree2Quo iaT7zahH1eN2Aj Bie2owaiFahsie
gaan9zu5Xeh5ah ahGeeth8ea5ooh Ir0ueda5poogh5 uo0ohqu2ufaiX2 Mei0pee6Og3zae
Oofeiceer8Aipu sheew3aeReidir Dee4Heib2eim2o eig6jar8giPhae Zahde9nae1Niew
quatol5Oi3Bah2 quue4eebaiNgaa oGoahieSh5oL4m aequeeQue2piti laige5seePhugo
iiGo9Uthee4ros WievaiQu2xech6 shaeve0maaK3ae ool8Pai2eighis EPheiRiet1ohci
ZieX9outhoht8N Uh1UoPhah2Thee reaGhohZae5idi oiG4ooshiyi5in keePh1ohshei8y
aim5Eevah2thah Xaej8tha5eisho IeGie1Anaalaev gaoY3ohthooh3x chaebeesahTh8e
soh7oosieY5eiD ahmoh6Ihii6que Shoowoo5dahbah ieW0aiChubee7I Caet6aikai6aex
coo1du2Re9aika Ohnei5Egoh7leV aiyie6Ahdeipho EiV0aeToeth1da iNgaesu4eeyu0S
Eeb1suoV3naera railai2Vaina8u xu3OhVee1reeyu Og0eavae3oohoh audahneihaeK8a
foo6iechi5Eira oXeixoh6EwuboD we1eiDahNgoh9s ko1Eeju1iedu1z aeP7achiisohr7
phang5caeGei5j ait4Shuo5Aitai no4eis9Tohd8oh Quiet6oTaaQuei Dei2pu2NaefeCa
Shiim9quiuy0ku yiewooph3thieL thu8Aphai1ieDa Phahnahch1Aam1 oocex7Yaith8oo
eraiGaech5ahNg neixa3malif5Ya Eux7chah8ahXix eex1lahXae4Mei uGhahzonu6airu
yah8uWahn3jeiW Yi4ye4Choongie io1Vo3aiQuahpi rie4Rucheet6ae Dohbieyaeleis5
xi1Zaushohbei7 jeeb9EiSiech0u eewo0Oow7ielie aiquooZamah5th kouj7Jaivohx9o
biyeeshesaDi9e she9ooj3zuw6Ah Eit7dei1Yei5la xohN0aeSheipaa Eeg9Phob6neema
eengoneo4saeL4 aeghi4feephu6W eiWash2Vie1mee chieceish5ioPe ool4Hongo7ef1o
jahBe1pui9thou eeV2choohoa4ee Ohmae0eef4ic8I Eet0deiyohdiew Ke9ue5thohzei3
aiyoxeiva8Maih gieRahgh8anahM ve2ath9Eyi5iet quohg6ok3Ahgee theingaech5Nef
```
[
![sksk_005](https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/plugins/lazy-load/images/1x1.trans.gif)
][4]
如果要在密码中包含至少 1 个数字,则可以运行:
```
pwgen 14 1 -n 1
```
样例输出:
```
xoiFush3ceiPhe
```
另外pwgen 命令还有一些很实用的选项:
```
-c 或 --capitalize (在密码中包含至少一个大写字母)
-A 或 --no-capitalize (在密码中不包含大写字母)
-n 或 --numerals (在密码中包含至少一个数字)
-0 或 --no-numerals (在密码中不包含数字)
-y 或 --symbols (在密码中包含至少一个特殊字符)
-s 或 --secure (生成完全随机的密码)
-B 或 --ambiguous (在密码中不包含双关词语)
-h 或 --help (输出帮助信息)
-H 或 --sha1=path/to/file[#seed] (使用某个给定文件的 sha1 哈希值来作为随机数的生成种子)
-C (按列输出生成好的密码)
-1 (不按列输出生成好的密码)
-v 或 --no-vowels (不使用任何元音字母,以防止生成下流的词语)
```
若想了解更多信息,请查阅其联机手册:
```
man pwgen
```
### 3. 在 Linux 中使用 GPG 来生成一个高强度密码
GPG (GnuPG or GNU Privacy Guard) 是一个免费的命令行程序,可以用于替代赛门铁克的 PGP 加密软件。在类 Unix 操作系统、Microsoft Windows 和 Android 中都可以获取到它。
要使用 PGP 生成 1 个长度为 14 个字符的高强度密码,请在终端中运行下面的命令:
```
gpg --gen-random --armor 1 14
```
样例输出:
```
DkmsrUy3klzzbIbavx8=
```
[
![sksk_006](https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/plugins/lazy-load/images/1x1.trans.gif)
][3]
上面的命令将生成一个安全、随机、高强度且基于 base64 编码的密码。
### 4. 在 Linux 中使用 Perl 来生成一个高强度密码
Perl 在大多数 Linux 发行版本的默认软件仓库中都可以获取到,你可以使用相应的包管理器来安装它。
例如在基于 DEB 的系统中,可以运行下面的命令来安装 Perl
```
sudo apt-get install perl
```
在基于 RPM 的系统中安装 Perl ,可以运行:
```
sudo yum install perl
```
在基于 Arch 的系统中,则运行:
```
sudo pacman -S perl
```
一旦 Perl 安装完成,使用下面的命令创建一个文件:
```
vi password.pl
```
接着添加下面的内容到这个文件中:
```
#!/usr/bin/perl
my @alphanumeric = ('a'..'z', 'A'..'Z', 0..9);
my $randpassword = join '', map $alphanumeric[rand @alphanumeric], 0..8;
print "$randpassword\n"
```
[
![sksk_001](http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/sk@sk_001.png)
][2]
保存并关闭该文件。
接着,切换到你刚才保存文件的地方,并运行下面的命令:
```
perl password.pl
```
使用你自己定义的文件名来替换上面命令中的 `password.pl`
样例输出:
```
3V4CJJnYd
```
[
![sksk_002](http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/sk@sk_002.png)
][1]
注: 我无法找到这个脚本的原有作者,假如你知道作者的名字,请在下面的评论部分让我知晓,我将在这篇指南中添加上该作者的名字。
Please note that you must memorize or keep the passwords you have generated in a safe place in your computer. I recommend you to memorize the password and delete it from your system. It is much better in case your system is compromised by any hackers.
请注意:对于你生成的密码,你必须记住它,或者将它保存到你电脑中一个安全的地方。我建议你记住密码并将它从你的系统中删除,因为这总比你的系统被黑客控制要好。
伙计们,今天就是这么多了。不久我将带来另一篇有意思的文章。在此之前,敬请关注 OSTechNix。
Happy Weekend!
Cheers!!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.ostechnix.com/4-easy-ways-to-generate-a-strong-password-in-linux/
作者:[ SK ][a]
译者:[FSSlc](https://github.com/FSSlc)
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/
[1]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/sk@sk_002.png
[2]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/sk@sk_001.png
[3]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/sk@sk_006.png
[4]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/sk@sk_005.png
[5]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/sk@sk_004.png
[6]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/sk@sk_003.png
[7]:http://ostechnix.tradepub.com/free/w_ubun08/prgm.cgi?a=1
[8]:https://www.ostechnix.com/force-users-use-strong-passwords-debian-ubuntu/