From d1541e08022e31aa633ac73e53f95e3e99e79855 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DarkSun Date: Fri, 6 Dec 2019 00:53:23 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] =?UTF-8?q?=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98:=2020191206=206=20Ways=20to?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Send=20Email=20from=20the=20Linux=20Command=20Line?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit sources/tech/20191206 6 Ways to Send Email from the Linux Command Line.md --- ... Send Email from the Linux Command Line.md | 320 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 320 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20191206 6 Ways to Send Email from the Linux Command Line.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20191206 6 Ways to Send Email from the Linux Command Line.md b/sources/tech/20191206 6 Ways to Send Email from the Linux Command Line.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..32da595f5c --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20191206 6 Ways to Send Email from the Linux Command Line.md @@ -0,0 +1,320 @@ +[#]: collector: (lujun9972) +[#]: translator: ( ) +[#]: reviewer: ( ) +[#]: publisher: ( ) +[#]: url: ( ) +[#]: subject: (6 Ways to Send Email from the Linux Command Line) +[#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/6-ways-to-send-email-from-the-linux-command-line/) +[#]: author: (Magesh Maruthamuthu https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/) + +6 Ways to Send Email from the Linux Command Line +====== + +Sending email from the command line is required when you need to create emails from a shell script. + +There are several commands on Linux to send emails from the Linux command line. + +I’ve included the Top 6 Command Line Mail Clients in this tutorial. + +You can use any one of the following to send email from the Linux command line. + +This can be done using the following six commands. + + * mail + * mailx + * mutt + * mpack + * sendmail + * ssmtp + + + +### How does it work? + +Let me give you an overall explanation of how the mail command delivers the mails to recipients on Linux. + +The mail command compose emails and sends them to a local mail transfer agent (MTA), such as sendmail, postfix, and so on. + +The mail server actually communicates with remote mail servers for sending and receiving emails. + +The flow chart below can explain more about that. + +[![][1]][2] + +### 1) How to Install mail Command on Linux + +The mail command is most popular command to send emails from Linux terminal. + +The mail command can be installed from the distribution official repository as follows. + +For **“Debian/Ubuntu”** systems, use **[APT-GET Command][3]** or **[APT Command][4]** to install mailutils. + +``` +$ sudo apt-get install mailutils +``` + + For **“RHEL/CentOS”** systems, use **[YUM Command][5]** to install mailx. + +``` +$ sudo yum install mailx +``` + +For **“Fedora”** system, use the **[DNF Command][6]** to install mailx. + +``` +$ sudo dnf install mailx +``` + +### 1a) How to Use mail Command on Linux to Send a Mail + +It’s straightforward and easy to use. + +Use the following format to send mail using the mail command without an attachment. + +``` +$ echo "This is the mail body" | mail -s "Subject" [email protected] +``` + +Use the following format to send mail using the mail command with attachment. + +``` +$ echo "This is the mail body" | mail -a test1.txt -s "Subject" [email protected] +``` + +``` ++---------+----------------------------------------------------+ +| Options | Description | ++---------+----------------------------------------------------+ +| -a | It's used for attachment on Red Hat based systems. | +| -A | It's used for attachment on Debian based systems. | +| -s | Specify the subject of the message | ++--------------------------------------------------------------+ +``` + +### 2) How to Install mutt Command on Linux + +The mutt is another popular command to send emails from Linux terminal. + +Mutt is a small but very powerful text based program for reading and sending electronic mail under unix operating systems, including support for color terminals, MIME, OpenPGP, and a threaded sorting mode. + +The mail command can be installed from the distribution official repository as follows. + +For **“Debian/Ubuntu”** systems, use **[APT-GET Command][3]** or **[APT Command][4]** to install mutt. + +``` +$ sudo apt-get install mutt +``` + + For **“RHEL/CentOS”** systems, use **[YUM Command][5]** to install mutt. + +``` +$ sudo yum install mutt +``` + +For **“Fedora”** system, use the **[DNF Command][6]** to install mutt. + +``` +$ sudo dnf install mutt +``` + +### 2b) How to Use mutt Command on Linux to Send a Mail + +This is also straightforward and easy to use. + +Use the following format to send mail using the mutt command without an attachment. + +``` +$ echo "This is the mail body" | mutt -s "Subject" [email protected] +``` + +Use the following format to send mail using the mutt command with attachment. + +``` +$ echo "This is the mail body" | mutt -s "Subject" [email protected] -a test1.txt +``` + +### 3) How to Install mpack Command on Linux + +The mpack is another popular command to send emails from Linux terminal. + +The mpack program encodes the the named file in one or more MIME messages. The resulting messages are mailed to one or more recipients. + +The mpack command can be installed from the distribution official repository as follows. + +For **“Debian/Ubuntu”** systems, use **[APT-GET Command][3]** or **[APT Command][4]** to install mpack. + +``` +$ sudo apt-get install mpack +``` + + For **“RHEL/CentOS”** systems, use **[YUM Command][5]** to install mpack. + +``` +$ sudo yum install mpack +``` + +For **“Fedora”** system, use the **[DNF Command][6]** to install mpack. + +``` +$ sudo dnf install mpack +``` + +### 3a) How to Use mpack Command on Linux to Send a Mail + +This is also straight forward and easy to use. + +Use the following format to send mail using the mpack command without an attachment. + +``` +$ echo "This is the mail body" | mpack -s "Subject" [email protected] +``` + +Use the following format to send mail using the mpack command with attachment. + +``` +$ echo "This is the mail body" | mpack -s "Subject" [email protected] -a test1.txt +``` + +### 4) How to Install mail Command on Linux + +Mailx is the newer version of mail command. + +It is based on Berkeley Mail 8.1, is intended to provide the functionality of the POSIX mailx command, and offers extensions for MIME, IMAP, POP3, SMTP, and S/MIME. + +Mailx provides enhanced features for interactive use, such as caching message threading, scoring, and filtering. + +The mailx command can be installed from the distribution official repository as follows. + +For **“Debian/Ubuntu”** systems, use **[APT-GET Command][3]** or **[APT Command][4]** to install mailutils. + +``` +$ sudo apt-get install mailutils +``` + + For **“RHEL/CentOS”** systems, use **[YUM Command][5]** to install mailx. + +``` +$ sudo yum install mailx +``` + +For **“Fedora”** system, use the **[DNF Command][6]** to install mailx. + +``` +$ sudo dnf install mailx +``` + +### 4a) How to Use mailx Command on Linux to Send a Mail + +It’s straight forward and easy to use. + +Use the following format to send mail using the mailx command without an attachment. + +``` +$ echo "This is the mail body" | mail -s "Subject" [email protected] +``` + +Use the following format to send mail using the mailx command with attachment. + +``` +$ echo "This is the mail body" | mail -a test1.txt -s "Subject" [email protected] +``` + +### 5) How to Install sendmail Command on Linux + +Sendmail is a most popular and general purpose SMTP server used in most of Linux distribution. + +Also, it allows you to sending email from command line. + +The sendmail command can be installed from the distribution official repository as follows. + +For **“Debian/Ubuntu”** systems, use **[APT-GET Command][3]** or **[APT Command][4]** to install sendmail. + +``` +$ sudo apt-get install sendmail +``` + + For **“RHEL/CentOS”** systems, use **[YUM Command][5]** to install sendmail. + +``` +$ sudo yum install sendmail +``` + +For **“Fedora”** system, use the **[DNF Command][6]** to install sendmail. + +``` +$ sudo dnf install sendmail +``` + +### 5a) How to Use sendmail Command on Linux to Send a Mail + +It’s straight forward and easy to use. + +Use the following format to send mail using the sendmail command. + +``` +$ echo -e "Subject: Test Mail\nThis is the mail body" > /tmp/send-mail.txt +``` + +``` +$ sendmail [email protected] < send-mail.txt +``` + +### 6) How to Install ssmtp Command on Linux + +ssmtp is a send-only sendmail emulator for machines which delivers email from a local computer to a configured mailhost (mailhub). + +SSMTP allows users to transfer emails through an SMTP server from the Linux command line. + +The sendmail command can be installed from the distribution official repository as follows. + +For **“Debian/Ubuntu”** systems, use **[APT-GET Command][3]** or **[APT Command][4]** to install ssmtp. + +``` +$ sudo apt-get install ssmtp +``` + + For **“RHEL/CentOS”** systems, use **[YUM Command][5]** to install ssmtp. + +``` +$ sudo yum install ssmtp +``` + +For **“Fedora”** system, use the **[DNF Command][6]** to install ssmtp. + +``` +$ sudo dnf install ssmtp +``` + +### 6a) How to Use ssmtp Command on Linux to Send a Mail + +It’s straight forward and easy to use. + +Use the following format to send mail using the ssmtp command. + +``` +$ echo -e "Subject: Test Mail\nThis is the mail body" > /tmp/ssmtp-mail.txt +``` + +``` +$ ssmtp [email protected] < /tmp/ssmtp-mail.txt +``` + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.2daygeek.com/6-ways-to-send-email-from-the-linux-command-line/ + +作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7 +[2]: https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/smtp-simple-mail-transfer-protocol.png +[3]: https://www.2daygeek.com/apt-get-apt-cache-command-examples-manage-packages-debian-ubuntu-systems/ +[4]: https://www.2daygeek.com/apt-command-examples-manage-packages-debian-ubuntu-systems/ +[5]: https://www.2daygeek.com/yum-command-examples-manage-packages-rhel-centos-systems/ +[6]: https://www.2daygeek.com/dnf-command-examples-manage-packages-fedora-system/