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【翻译完毕】20150730 Howto Configure Nginx as Rreverse Proxy or Load Balancer with Weave and Docker.md

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Howto Configure Nginx as Rreverse Proxy / Load Balancer with Weave and Docker
如何使用Weave以及Docker搭建Nginx反向代理/负载均衡服务器
================================================================================
Hi everyone today we'll learnHowto configure Nginx as Rreverse Proxy / Load balancer with Weave and Docker Weave creates a virtual network that connects Docker containers with each other, deploys across multiple hosts and enables their automatic discovery. It allows us to focus on developing our application, rather than our infrastructure. It provides such an awesome environment that the applications uses the network as if its containers were all plugged into the same network without need to configure ports, mappings, link, etc. The services of the application containers on the network can be easily accessible to the external world with no matter where its running. Here, in this tutorial we'll be using weave to quickly and easily deploy nginx web server as a load balancer for a simple php application running in docker containers on multiple nodes in Amazon Web Services. Here, we will be introduced to WeaveDNS, which provides a simple way for containers to find each other using hostname with no changes in codes and tells other containers to connect to those names.
Hi, 今天我们将会学习如何使用如何使用Weave和Docker搭建Nginx反向代理/负载均衡服务器。Weave创建一个虚拟网络将跨主机部署的Docker容器连接在一起并使它们自动暴露给外部世界。它让我们更加专注于应用的开发，而不是基础架构。Weave提供了一个如此棒的环境，仿佛它的所有容器都属于同个网络，不需要端口/映射/连接等的配置。容器中的应用提供的服务在weave网络中可以轻易地被外部世界访问，不论你的容器运行在哪里。在这个教程里我们将会使用weave快速并且轻易地将nginx web服务器部署为一个负载均衡器，反向代理一个运行在Amazon Web Services里面多个节点上的docker容器中的简单php应用。这里我们将会介绍WeaveDNS,它提供一个简单的方式让容器利用主机名找到彼此，不需要改变代码，并且能够告诉其他容器连接到这些主机名。
Here, in this tutorial, we will use Nginx to load balance requests to a set of containers running Apache. Here are the simple and easy to do steps on using Weave to configure nginx as a load balancer running in ubuntu docker container.
在这篇教程里，我们需要一个运行的容器集合来配置nginx负载均衡服务器。最简单轻松的方法就是使用Weave在ubuntu的docker容器中搭建nginx负载均衡服务器。
### 1. Settting up AWS Instances ###
### 1. 搭建AWS实例 ###
First of all, we'll need to setup Amazon Web Service Instances so that we can run docker containers with Weave and Ubuntu as Operating System. We will use the [AWS CLI][1] to setup and configure two AWS EC2 instances. Here, in this tutorial, we'll use the smallest available instances, t1.micro. We will need to have a valid **Amazon Web Services account** with AWS CLI setup and configured. We'll first gonna clone the repository of weave from the github by running the following command in AWS CLI.
首先，我们需要搭建Amzaon Web Service实例，这样才能在ubuntu下用weave跑docker容器。我们将会使用[AWS CLI][1]来搭建和配置两个AWS EC2实例。在这里，我们使用最小的有效实例，t1.micro。我们需要一个有效的**Amazon Web Services账户**用以AWS命令行界面的搭建和配置。我们先在AWS命令行界面下使用下面的命令将github上的weave仓库克隆下来。
$ git clone http://github.com/fintanr/weave-gs
$ cd weave-gs/aws-nginx-ubuntu-simple
After cloning the repository, we wanna run the script that will deploy two instances of t1.micro instance running Weave and Docker in Ubuntu Operating System.
在克隆完仓库之后，我们执行下面的脚本，这个脚本将会部署两个t1.micro实例，每个实例中都是ubuntu作为操作系统并用weave跑着docker容器。
$ sudo ./demo-aws-setup.sh
Here, for this tutorial we'll need the IP addresses of these instances further in future. These are stored in an environment file weavedemo.env which is created during the execution of the demo-aws-setup.sh. To get those ip addresses, we need to run the following command which will give the output similar to the output below.
在这里，我们将会在以后用到这些实例的IP地址。这些地址储存在一个weavedemo.env文件中，这个文件在执行demo-aws-setup.sh脚本的期间被创建。为了获取这些IP地址，我们需要执行下面的命令，命令输出类似下面的信息。
$ cat weavedemo.env
@ -27,56 +24,56 @@ Here, for this tutorial we'll need the IP addresses of these instances further i
export WEAVE_AWS_DEMO_HOSTCOUNT=2
export WEAVE_AWS_DEMO_HOSTS=(52.26.175.175 52.26.83.141)
Please note these are not the IP addresses for our tutorial, AWS dynamically allocate IP addresses to our instances.
请注意这些不是固定的IP地址，AWS会为我们的实例动态地分配IP地址。
As were are using a bash, we will just source this file and execute it using the command below.
我们在bash下执行下面的命令使环境变量生效。
. ./weavedemo.env
### 2. Launching Weave and WeaveDNS ###
### 2. 启动Weave and WeaveDNS ###
After deploying the instances, we'll want to launch weave and weavedns on each hosts. Weave and weavedns allows us to easily deploy our containers to a new infrastructure and configuration without the need of changing the codes and without the need to understand concepts such as ambassador containers and links. Here are the commands to launch them in the first host.
在安装完实例之后，我们将会在每台主机上启动weave以及weavedns。Weave以及weavedns使得我们能够轻易地将容器部署到一个全新的基础架构以及配置中， 不需要改变代码，也不需要去理解像Ambassador容器以及Link机制之类的概念。下面是在第一台主机上启动weave以及weavedns的命令。
ssh -i weavedemo-key.pem ubuntu@$WEAVE_AWS_DEMO_HOST1
$ sudo weave launch
$ sudo weave launch-dns 10.2.1.1/24
Next, we'll also wanna launch them in our second host.
下一步，我也准备在第二台主机上启动weave以及weavedns。
ssh -i weavedemo-key.pem ubuntu@$WEAVE_AWS_DEMO_HOST2
$ sudo weave launch $WEAVE_AWS_DEMO_HOST1
$ sudo weave launch-dns 10.2.1.2/24
### 3. Launching Application Containers ###
### 3. 启动应用容器 ###
Now, we wanna launch six containers across our two hosts running an Apache2 Web Server instance with our simple php site. So, we'll be running the following commands which will run 3 containers running Apache2 Web Server on our 1st instance.
现在，我们准备跨两台主机启动六个容器，这两台主机都用Apache2 Web服务实例跑着简单的php网站。为了在第一个Apache2 Web服务器实例跑三个容器， 我们将会使用下面的命令。
ssh -i weavedemo-key.pem ubuntu@$WEAVE_AWS_DEMO_HOST1
$ sudo weave run --with-dns 10.3.1.1/24 -h ws1.weave.local fintanr/weave-gs-nginx-apache
$ sudo weave run --with-dns 10.3.1.2/24 -h ws2.weave.local fintanr/weave-gs-nginx-apache
$ sudo weave run --with-dns 10.3.1.3/24 -h ws3.weave.local fintanr/weave-gs-nginx-apache
After that, we'll again launch 3 containers running apache2 web server in our 2nd instance as shown below.
在那之后，我们将会在第二个实例上启动另外三个容器，请使用下面的命令。
ssh -i weavedemo-key.pem ubuntu@$WEAVE_AWS_DEMO_HOST2
$ sudo weave run --with-dns 10.3.1.4/24 -h ws4.weave.local fintanr/weave-gs-nginx-apache
$ sudo weave run --with-dns 10.3.1.5/24 -h ws5.weave.local fintanr/weave-gs-nginx-apache
$ sudo weave run --with-dns 10.3.1.6/24 -h ws6.weave.local fintanr/weave-gs-nginx-apache
Note: Here, --with-dns option tells the container to use weavedns to resolve names and -h x.weave.local allows the host to be resolvable with WeaveDNS.
注意: 在这里，--with-dns选项告诉容器使用weavedns来解析主机名，-h x.weave.local则使得weavedns能够解析指定主机。
### 4. Launching Nginx Container ###
### 4. 启动Nginx容器 ###
After our application containers are running well as expected, we'll wanna launch an nginx container which contains the nginx configuration which will round-robin across the severs for the reverse proxy or load balancing. To run the nginx container, we'll need to run the following command.
在应用容器运行得有如意料中的稳定之后，我们将会启动nginx容器，它将会在六个应用容器服务之间轮询并提供反向代理或者负载均衡。 为了启动nginx容器，请使用下面的命令。
ssh -i weavedemo-key.pem ubuntu@$WEAVE_AWS_DEMO_HOST1
$ sudo weave run --with-dns 10.3.1.7/24 -ti -h nginx.weave.local -d -p 80:80 fintanr/weave-gs-nginx-simple
Hence, our Nginx container is publicly exposed as a http server on $WEAVE_AWS_DEMO_HOST1.
因此，我们的nginx容器在$WEAVE_AWS_DEMO_HOST1上公开地暴露成为一个http服务器。
### 5. Testing the Load Balancer ###
### 5. 测试负载均衡服务器 ###
To test our load balancer is working or not, we'll run a script that will make http requests to our nginx container. We'll make six requests so that we can see nginx moving through each of the webservers in round-robin turn.
为了测试我们的负载均衡服务器是否可以工作，我们执行一段可以发送http请求给nginx容器的脚本。我们将会发送6个请求，这样我们就能看到nginx在一次的轮询中服务于每台web服务器之间。
$ ./access-aws-hosts.sh
@ -113,14 +110,14 @@ To test our load balancer is working or not, we'll run a script that will make h
### Conclusion ###
Finally, we've successfully configured nginx as a reverse proxy or load balancer with weave and docker running ubuntu server in AWS (Amazon Web Service) EC2 . From the above output in above step, it is clear that we have configured it correctly. We can see that the request is being sent to 6 application containers in round-robin turn which is running a PHP app hosted in apache web server. Here, weave and weavedns did great work to deploy a containerised PHP application using nginx across multiple hosts on AWS EC2 without need to change in codes and connected the containers to eachother with the hostname using weavedns. If you have any questions, suggestions, feedback please write them in the comment box below so that we can improve or update our contents. Thank you ! Enjoy :-)
我们最终成功地将nginx配置成一个反向代理/负载均衡服务器，通过使用weave以及运行在AWS（Amazon Web Service）EC2之中的ubuntu服务器里面的docker。从上面的步骤输出可以清楚的看到我们已经成功地配置了nginx。我们可以看到请求在一次循环中被发送到6个应用容器，这些容器在Apache2 Web服务器中跑着PHP应用。在这里，我们部署了一个容器化的PHP应用，使用nginx横跨多台在AWS EC2上的主机而不需要改变代码，利用weavedns使得每个容器连接在一起，只需要主机名就够了，眼前的这些便捷， 都要归功于weave以及weavedns。 如果你有任何的问题、建议、反馈，请在评论中注明，这样我们才能够做得更好，谢谢:-）
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