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在 Linux 下使用 RAID（一）：介绍 RAID 的级别和概念
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================================================================================
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RAID 的意思是廉价磁盘冗余阵列（Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks），但现在它被称为独立磁盘冗余阵列（Redundant Array of Independent Drives）。早先一个容量很小的磁盘都是非常昂贵的，但是现在我们可以很便宜的买到一个更大的磁盘。Raid 是一系列放在一起，成为一个逻辑卷的磁盘集合。
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*在 Linux 中理解 RAID 设置*
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RAID 包含一组或者一个集合甚至一个阵列。使用一组磁盘结合驱动器组成 RAID 阵列或 RAID 集。将至少两个磁盘连接到一个 RAID 控制器，而成为一个逻辑卷，也可以将多个驱动器放在一个组中。一组磁盘只能使用一个 RAID 级别。使用 RAID 可以提高服务器的性能。不同 RAID 的级别，性能会有所不同。它通过容错和高可用性来保存我们的数据。
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这个系列被命名为“在 Linux 下使用 RAID”，分为9个部分，包括以下主题：
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- 第1部分：介绍 RAID 的级别和概念
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- 第2部分：在Linux中如何设置 RAID0（条带化）
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- 第3部分：在Linux中如何设置 RAID1（镜像化）
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- 第4部分：在Linux中如何设置 RAID5（条带化与分布式奇偶校验）
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- 第5部分：在Linux中如何设置 RAID6（条带双分布式奇偶校验）
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- 第6部分：在Linux中设置 RAID 10 或1 + 0（嵌套）
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- 第7部分：增加现有的 RAID 阵列并删除损坏的磁盘
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- 第8部分：在 RAID 中恢复（重建）损坏的驱动器
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- 第9部分：在 Linux 中管理 RAID
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这是9篇系列教程的第1部分，在这里我们将介绍 RAID 的概念和 RAID 级别，这是在 Linux 中构建 RAID 需要理解的。
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### 软件 RAID 和硬件 RAID ###
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软件 RAID 的性能较低，因为其使用主机的资源。 需要加载 RAID 软件以从软件 RAID 卷中读取数据。在加载 RAID 软件前，操作系统需要引导起来才能加载 RAID 软件。在软件 RAID 中无需物理硬件。零成本投资。
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硬件 RAID 的性能较高。他们采用 PCI Express 卡物理地提供有专用的 RAID 控制器。它不会使用主机资源。他们有 NVRAM 用于缓存的读取和写入。缓存用于 RAID 重建时，即使出现电源故障，它会使用后备的电池电源保持缓存。对于大规模使用是非常昂贵的投资。
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硬件 RAID 卡如下所示：
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*硬件 RAID*
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#### 重要的 RAID 概念 ####
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- **校验**方式用在 RAID 重建中从校验所保存的信息中重新生成丢失的内容。 RAID 5，RAID 6 基于校验。
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- **条带化**是将切片数据随机存储到多个磁盘。它不会在单个磁盘中保存完整的数据。如果我们使用2个磁盘，则每个磁盘存储我们的一半数据。
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- **镜像**被用于 RAID 1 和 RAID 10。镜像会自动备份数据。在 RAID 1 中，它会保存相同的内容到其他盘上。
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- **热备份**只是我们的服务器上的一个备用驱动器，它可以自动更换发生故障的驱动器。在我们的阵列中，如果任何一个驱动器损坏，热备份驱动器会自动用于重建 RAID。
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- **块**是 RAID 控制器每次读写数据时的最小单位，最小 4KB。通过定义块大小，我们可以增加 I/O 性能。
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RAID有不同的级别。在这里，我们仅列出在真实环境下的使用最多的 RAID 级别。
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- RAID0 = 条带化
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- RAID1 = 镜像
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- RAID5 = 单磁盘分布式奇偶校验
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- RAID6 = 双磁盘分布式奇偶校验
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- RAID10 = 镜像 + 条带。（嵌套RAID）
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RAID 在大多数 Linux 发行版上使用名为 mdadm 的软件包进行管理。让我们先对每个 RAID 级别认识一下。
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#### RAID 0 / 条带化 ####
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条带化有很好的性能。在 RAID 0（条带化）中数据将使用切片的方式被写入到磁盘。一半的内容放在一个磁盘上，另一半内容将被写入到另一个磁盘。
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假设我们有2个磁盘驱动器，例如，如果我们将数据“TECMINT”写到逻辑卷中，“T”将被保存在第一盘中，“E”将保存在第二盘，'C'将被保存在第一盘，“M”将保存在第二盘，它会一直继续此循环过程。（LCTT 译注：实际上不可能按字节切片，是按数据块切片的。）
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在这种情况下，如果驱动器中的任何一个发生故障，我们就会丢失数据，因为一个盘中只有一半的数据，不能用于重建 RAID。不过，当比较写入速度和性能时，RAID 0 是非常好的。创建 RAID 0（条带化）至少需要2个磁盘。如果你的数据是非常宝贵的，那么不要使用此 RAID 级别。
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- 高性能。
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- RAID 0 中容量零损失。
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- 零容错。
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- 写和读有很高的性能。
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#### RAID 1 / 镜像化 ####
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镜像也有不错的性能。镜像可以对我们的数据做一份相同的副本。假设我们有两个2TB的硬盘驱动器，我们总共有4TB，但在镜像中，但是放在 RAID 控制器后面的驱动器形成了一个逻辑驱动器，我们只能看到这个逻辑驱动器有2TB。
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当我们保存数据时，它将同时写入这两个2TB驱动器中。创建 RAID 1（镜像化）最少需要两个驱动器。如果发生磁盘故障，我们可以通过更换一个新的磁盘恢复 RAID 。如果在 RAID 1 中任何一个磁盘发生故障，我们可以从另一个磁盘中获取相同的数据，因为另外的磁盘中也有相同的数据。所以是零数据丢失。
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- 良好的性能。
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- 总容量丢失一半可用空间。
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- 完全容错。
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- 重建会更快。
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- 写性能变慢。
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- 读性能变好。
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- 能用于操作系统和小规模的数据库。
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#### RAID 5 / 分布式奇偶校验 ####
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RAID 5 多用于企业级。 RAID 5 的以分布式奇偶校验的方式工作。奇偶校验信息将被用于重建数据。它从剩下的正常驱动器上的信息来重建。在驱动器发生故障时，这可以保护我们的数据。
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假设我们有4个驱动器，如果一个驱动器发生故障而后我们更换发生故障的驱动器后，我们可以从奇偶校验中重建数据到更换的驱动器上。奇偶校验信息存储在所有的4个驱动器上，如果我们有4个 1TB 的驱动器。奇偶校验信息将被存储在每个驱动器的256G中，而其它768GB是用户自己使用的。单个驱动器故障后，RAID 5 依旧正常工作，如果驱动器损坏个数超过1个会导致数据的丢失。
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- 性能卓越
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- 读速度将非常好。
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- 写速度处于平均水准，如果我们不使用硬件 RAID 控制器，写速度缓慢。
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- 从所有驱动器的奇偶校验信息中重建。
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- 完全容错。
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- 1个磁盘空间将用于奇偶校验。
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- 可以被用在文件服务器，Web服务器，非常重要的备份中。
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#### RAID 6 双分布式奇偶校验磁盘 ####
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RAID 6 和 RAID 5 相似但它有两个分布式奇偶校验。大多用在大数量的阵列中。我们最少需要4个驱动器，即使有2个驱动器发生故障，我们依然可以更换新的驱动器后重建数据。
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它比 RAID 5 慢，因为它将数据同时写到4个驱动器上。当我们使用硬件 RAID 控制器时速度就处于平均水准。如果我们有6个的1TB驱动器，4个驱动器将用于数据保存，2个驱动器将用于校验。
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- 性能不佳。
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- 读的性能很好。
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- 如果我们不使用硬件 RAID 控制器写的性能会很差。
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- 从两个奇偶校验驱动器上重建。
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- 完全容错。
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- 2个磁盘空间将用于奇偶校验。
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- 可用于大型阵列。
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- 用于备份和视频流中，用于大规模。
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#### RAID 10 / 镜像+条带 ####
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RAID 10 可以被称为1 + 0或0 +1。它将做镜像+条带两个工作。在 RAID 10 中首先做镜像然后做条带。在 RAID 01 上首先做条带，然后做镜像。RAID 10 比 01 好。
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假设，我们有4个驱动器。当我逻辑卷上写数据时，它会使用镜像和条带的方式将数据保存到4个驱动器上。
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如果我在 RAID 10 上写入数据“TECMINT”，数据将使用如下方式保存。首先将“T”同时写入两个磁盘，“E”也将同时写入另外两个磁盘，所有数据都写入两块磁盘。这样可以将每个数据复制到另外的磁盘。
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同时它将使用 RAID 0 方式写入数据，遵循将“T”写入第一组盘，“E”写入第二组盘。再次将“C”写入第一组盘，“M”到第二组盘。
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- 良好的读写性能。
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- 总容量丢失一半的可用空间。
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- 容错。
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- 从副本数据中快速重建。
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- 由于其高性能和高可用性，常被用于数据库的存储中。
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### 结论 ###
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在这篇文章中，我们已经了解了什么是 RAID 和在实际环境大多采用哪个级别的 RAID。希望你已经学会了上面所写的。对于 RAID 的构建必须了解有关 RAID 的基本知识。以上内容可以基本满足你对 RAID 的了解。
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在接下来的文章中，我将介绍如何设置和使用各种级别创建 RAID，增加 RAID 组（阵列）和驱动器故障排除等。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.tecmint.com/understanding-raid-setup-in-linux/
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作者：[Babin Lonston][a]
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译者：[strugglingyouth](https://github.com/strugglingyouth)
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校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://www.tecmint.com/author/babinlonston/
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在 Linux 下使用 RAID（一）：使用 mdadm 工具创建软件 RAID 0 （条带化）
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================================================================================
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RAID 即廉价磁盘冗余阵列，其高可用性和可靠性适用于大规模环境中，相比正常使用，数据更需要被保护。RAID 是一些磁盘的集合，是包含一个阵列的逻辑卷。驱动器可以组合起来成为一个阵列或称为（组的）集合。
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创建 RAID 最少应使用2个连接到 RAID 控制器的磁盘组成，来构成逻辑卷，可以根据定义的 RAID 级别将更多的驱动器添加到一个阵列中。不使用物理硬件创建的 RAID 被称为软件 RAID。软件 RAID 也叫做穷人 RAID。
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*在 Linux 中创建 RAID0*
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使用 RAID 的主要目的是为了在发生单点故障时保存数据，如果我们使用单个磁盘来存储数据，如果它损坏了，那么就没有机会取回我们的数据了，为了防止数据丢失我们需要一个容错的方法。所以，我们可以使用多个磁盘组成 RAID 阵列。
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#### 在 RAID 0 中条带是什么 ####
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条带是通过将数据在同时分割到多个磁盘上。假设我们有两个磁盘，如果我们将数据保存到该逻辑卷上，它会将数据保存在两个磁盘上。使用 RAID 0 是为了获得更好的性能，但是如果驱动器中一个出现故障，我们将不能得到完整的数据。因此，使用 RAID 0 不是一种好的做法。唯一的解决办法就是安装有 RAID 0 逻辑卷的操作系统来提高重要文件的安全性。
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- RAID 0 性能较高。
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- 在 RAID 0 上，空间零浪费。
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- 零容错（如果硬盘中的任何一个发生故障，无法取回数据）。
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- 写和读性能都很好。
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#### 要求 ####
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创建 RAID 0 允许的最小磁盘数目是2个，但你可以添加更多的磁盘，不过数目应该是2，4，6，8等的偶数。如果你有一个物理 RAID 卡并且有足够的端口，你可以添加更多磁盘。
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在这里，我们没有使用硬件 RAID，此设置只需要软件 RAID。如果我们有一个物理硬件 RAID 卡，我们可以从它的功能界面访问它。有些主板默认内建 RAID 功能，还可以使用 Ctrl + I 键访问它的界面。
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如果你是刚开始设置 RAID，请阅读我们前面的文章，我们已经介绍了一些关于 RAID 基本的概念。
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- [介绍 RAID 的级别和概念][1]
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**我的服务器设置**
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操作系统 : CentOS 6.5 Final
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IP 地址 : 192.168.0.225
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两块盘 : 20 GB each
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这是9篇系列教程的第2部分，在这部分，我们将看看如何能够在 Linux 上创建和使用 RAID 0（条带化），以名为 sdb 和 sdc 两个 20GB 的硬盘为例。
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### 第1步：更新系统和安装管理 RAID 的 mdadm 软件 ###
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1、 在 Linux 上设置 RAID 0 前，我们先更新一下系统，然后安装`mdadm` 包。mdadm 是一个小程序，这将使我们能够在Linux下配置和管理 RAID 设备。
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# yum clean all && yum update
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# yum install mdadm -y
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*安装 mdadm 工具*
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### 第2步：确认连接了两个 20GB 的硬盘 ###
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2、 在创建 RAID 0 前，请务必确认两个硬盘能被检测到，使用下面的命令确认。
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# ls -l /dev | grep sd
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*检查硬盘*
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3、 一旦检测到新的硬盘驱动器，同时检查是否连接的驱动器已经被现有的 RAID 使用，使用下面的`mdadm` 命令来查看。
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# mdadm --examine /dev/sd[b-c]
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*检查 RAID 设备*
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从上面的输出我们可以看到，没有任何 RAID 使用 sdb 和 sdc 这两个驱动器。
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### 第3步：创建 RAID 分区 ###
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4、 现在用 sdb 和 sdc 创建 RAID 的分区，使用 fdisk 命令来创建。在这里，我将展示如何创建 sdb 驱动器上的分区。
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# fdisk /dev/sdb
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请按照以下说明创建分区。
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- 按`n` 创建新的分区。
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- 然后按`P` 选择主分区。
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- 接下来选择分区号为1。
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- 只需按两次回车键选择默认值即可。
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- 然后，按`P` 来显示创建好的分区。
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*创建分区*
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请按照以下说明将分区创建为 Linux 的 RAID 类型。
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- 按`L`，列出所有可用的类型。
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- 按`t` 去修改分区。
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- 键入`fd` 设置为 Linux 的 RAID 类型，然后按回车确认。
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- 然后再次使用`p`查看我们所做的更改。
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- 使用`w`保存更改。
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*在 Linux 上创建 RAID 分区*
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**注**: 请使用上述步骤同样在 sdc 驱动器上创建分区。
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5、 创建分区后，验证这两个驱动器是否正确定义 RAID，使用下面的命令。
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# mdadm --examine /dev/sd[b-c]
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# mdadm --examine /dev/sd[b-c]1
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*验证 RAID 分区*
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### 第4步：创建 RAID md 设备 ###
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6、 现在使用以下命令创建 md 设备（即 /dev/md0），并选择 RAID 合适的级别。
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|
||||
# mdadm -C /dev/md0 -l raid0 -n 2 /dev/sd[b-c]1
|
||||
# mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=stripe --raid-devices=2 /dev/sd[b-c]1
|
||||
|
||||
- -C – 创建
|
||||
- -l – 级别
|
||||
- -n – RAID 设备数
|
||||
|
||||
7、 一旦 md 设备已经建立，使用如下命令可以查看 RAID 级别，设备和阵列的使用状态。
|
||||
|
||||
# cat /proc/mdstat
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
*查看 RAID 级别*
|
||||
|
||||
# mdadm -E /dev/sd[b-c]1
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
*查看 RAID 设备*
|
||||
|
||||
# mdadm --detail /dev/md0
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
*查看 RAID 阵列*
|
||||
|
||||
### 第5步：给 RAID 设备创建文件系统 ###
|
||||
|
||||
8、 将 RAID 设备 /dev/md0 创建为 ext4 文件系统，并挂载到 /mnt/raid0 下。
|
||||
|
||||
# mkfs.ext4 /dev/md0
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
*创建 ext4 文件系统*
|
||||
|
||||
9、 在 RAID 设备上创建好 ext4 文件系统后，现在创建一个挂载点（即 /mnt/raid0），并将设备 /dev/md0 挂载在它下。
|
||||
|
||||
# mkdir /mnt/raid0
|
||||
# mount /dev/md0 /mnt/raid0/
|
||||
|
||||
10、下一步，使用 df 命令验证设备 /dev/md0 是否被挂载在 /mnt/raid0 下。
|
||||
|
||||
# df -h
|
||||
|
||||
11、 接下来，在挂载点 /mnt/raid0 下创建一个名为`tecmint.txt` 的文件，为创建的文件添加一些内容，并查看文件和目录的内容。
|
||||
|
||||
# touch /mnt/raid0/tecmint.txt
|
||||
# echo "Hi everyone how you doing ?" > /mnt/raid0/tecmint.txt
|
||||
# cat /mnt/raid0/tecmint.txt
|
||||
# ls -l /mnt/raid0/
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
*验证挂载的设备*
|
||||
|
||||
12、 当你验证挂载点后，就可以将它添加到 /etc/fstab 文件中。
|
||||
|
||||
# vim /etc/fstab
|
||||
|
||||
添加以下条目，根据你的安装位置和使用文件系统的不同，自行做修改。
|
||||
|
||||
/dev/md0 /mnt/raid0 ext4 deaults 0 0
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
*添加设备到 fstab 文件中*
|
||||
|
||||
13、 使用 mount 命令的 `-a` 来检查 fstab 的条目是否有误。
|
||||
|
||||
# mount -av
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
*检查 fstab 文件是否有误*
|
||||
|
||||
### 第6步：保存 RAID 配置 ###
|
||||
|
||||
14、 最后，保存 RAID 配置到一个文件中，以供将来使用。我们再次使用带有`-s` (scan) 和`-v` (verbose) 选项的 `mdadm` 命令，如图所示。
|
||||
|
||||
# mdadm -E -s -v >> /etc/mdadm.conf
|
||||
# mdadm --detail --scan --verbose >> /etc/mdadm.conf
|
||||
# cat /etc/mdadm.conf
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
*保存 RAID 配置*
|
||||
|
||||
就这样，我们在这里看到，如何通过使用两个硬盘配置具有条带化的 RAID 0 。在接下来的文章中，我们将看到如何设置 RAID 1。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.tecmint.com/create-raid0-in-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Babin Lonston][a]
|
||||
译者：[strugglingyouth](https://github.com/strugglingyouth)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.tecmint.com/author/babinlonston/
|
||||
[1]:https://linux.cn/article-6085-1.html
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
|
||||
Great Open Source Collaborative Editing Tools
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
In a nutshell, collaborative writing is writing done by more than one person. There are benefits and risks of collaborative working. Some of the benefits include a more integrated / co-ordinated approach, better use of existing resources, and a stronger, united voice. For me, the greatest advantage is one of the most transparent. That's when I need to take colleagues' views. Sending files back and forth between colleagues is inefficient, causes unnecessary delays and leaves people (i.e. me) unhappy with the whole notion of collaboration. With good collaborative software, I can share notes, data and files, and use comments to share thoughts in real-time or asynchronously. Working together on documents, images, video, presentations, and tasks is made less of a chore.
|
||||
|
||||
There are many ways to collaborate online, and it has never been easier. This article highlights my favourite open source tools to collaborate on documents in real time.
|
||||
|
||||
Google Docs is an excellent productivity application with most of the features I need. It serves as a collaborative tool for editing documents in real time. Documents can be shared, opened, and edited by multiple users simultaneously and users can see character-by-character changes as other collaborators make edits. While Google Docs is free for individuals, it is not open source.
|
||||
|
||||
Here is my take on the finest open source collaborative editors which help you focus on writing without interruption, yet work mutually with others.
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
### Hackpad ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Hackpad is an open source web-based realtime wiki, based on the open source EtherPad collaborative document editor.
|
||||
|
||||
Hackpad allows users to share your docs realtime and it uses color coding to show which authors have contributed to which content. It also allows in line photos, checklists and can also be used for coding as it offers syntax highlighting.
|
||||
|
||||
While Dropbox acquired Hackpad in April 2014, it is only this month that the software has been released under an open source license. It has been worth the wait.
|
||||
|
||||
Features include:
|
||||
|
||||
- Very rich set of functions, similar to those offered by wikis
|
||||
- Take collaborative notes, share data and files, and use comments to share your thoughts in real-time or asynchronously
|
||||
- Granular privacy permissions enable you to invite a single friend, a dozen teammates, or thousands of Twitter followers
|
||||
- Intelligent execution
|
||||
- Directly embed videos from popular video sharing sites
|
||||
- Tables
|
||||
- Syntax highlighting for most common programming languages including C, C#, CSS, CoffeeScript, Java, and HTML
|
||||
|
||||
- Website: [hackpad.com][1]
|
||||
- Source code: [github.com/dropbox/hackpad][2]
|
||||
- Developer: [Contributors][3]
|
||||
- License: Apache License, Version 2.0
|
||||
- Version Number: -
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
### Etherpad ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Etherpad is an open source web-based collaborative real-time editor, allowing authors to simultaneously edit a text document leave comments, and interact with others using an integrated chat.
|
||||
|
||||
Etherpad is implemented in JavaScript, on top of the AppJet platform, with the real-time functionality achieved using Comet streaming.
|
||||
|
||||
Features include:
|
||||
|
||||
- Well designed spartan interface
|
||||
- Simple text formatting features
|
||||
- "Time slider" - explore the history of a pad
|
||||
- Download documents in plain text, PDF, Microsoft Word, Open Document, and HTML
|
||||
- Auto-saves the document at regular, short intervals
|
||||
- Highly customizable
|
||||
- Client side plugins extend the editor functionality
|
||||
- Hundreds of plugins extend Etherpad including support for email notifications, pad management, authentication
|
||||
- Accessibility enabled
|
||||
- Interact with Pad contents in real time from within Node and from your CLI
|
||||
|
||||
- Website: [etherpad.org][4]
|
||||
- Source code: [github.com/ether/etherpad-lite][5]
|
||||
- Developer: David Greenspan, Aaron Iba, J.D. Zamfiresc, Daniel Clemens, David Cole
|
||||
- License: Apache License Version 2.0
|
||||
- Version Number: 1.5.7
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
### Firepad ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Firepad is an open source, collaborative text editor. It is designed to be embedded inside larger web applications with collaborative code editing added in only a few days.
|
||||
|
||||
Firepad is a full-featured text editor, with capabilities like conflict resolution, cursor synchronization, user attribution, and user presence detection. It uses Firebase as a backend, and doesn't need any server-side code. It can be added to any web app. Firepad can use either the CodeMirror editor or the Ace editor to render documents, and its operational transform code borrows from ot.js.
|
||||
|
||||
If you want to extend your web application capabilities by adding the simple document and code editor, Firepad is perfect.
|
||||
|
||||
Firepad is used by several editors, including the Atlassian Stash Realtime Editor, Nitrous.IO, LiveMinutes, and Koding.
|
||||
|
||||
Features include:
|
||||
|
||||
- True collaborative editing
|
||||
- Intelligent OT-based merging and conflict resolution
|
||||
- Support for both rich text and code editing
|
||||
- Cursor position synchronization
|
||||
- Undo / redo
|
||||
- Text highlighting
|
||||
- User attribution
|
||||
- Presence detection
|
||||
- Version checkpointing
|
||||
- Images
|
||||
- Extend Firepad through its API
|
||||
- Supports all modern browsers: Chrome, Safari, Opera 11+, IE8+, Firefox 3.6+
|
||||
|
||||
- Website: [www.firepad.io][6]
|
||||
- Source code: [github.com/firebase/firepad][7]
|
||||
- Developer: Michael Lehenbauer and the team at Firebase
|
||||
- License: MIT
|
||||
- Version Number: 1.1.1
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
### OwnCloud Documents ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
ownCloud Documents is an ownCloud app to work with office documents alone and/or collaboratively. It allows up to 5 individuals to collaborate editing .odt and .doc files in a web browser.
|
||||
|
||||
ownCloud is a self-hosted file sync and share server. It provides access to your data through a web interface, sync clients or WebDAV while providing a platform to view, sync and share across devices easily.
|
||||
|
||||
Features include:
|
||||
|
||||
- Cooperative edit, with multiple users editing files simultaneously
|
||||
- Document creation within ownCloud
|
||||
- Document upload
|
||||
- Share and edit files in the browser, and then share them inside ownCloud or through a public link
|
||||
- ownCloud features like versioning, local syncing, encryption, undelete
|
||||
- Seamless support for Microsoft Word documents by way of transparent conversion of file formats
|
||||
|
||||
- Website: [owncloud.org][8]
|
||||
- Source code: [github.com/owncloud/documents][9]
|
||||
- Developer: OwnCloud Inc.
|
||||
- License: AGPLv3
|
||||
- Version Number: 8.1.1
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
### Gobby ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Gobby is a collaborative editor supporting multiple documents in one session and a multi-user chat. All users could work on the file simultaneously without the need to lock it. The parts the various users write are highlighted in different colours and it supports syntax highlighting of various programming and markup languages.
|
||||
|
||||
Gobby allows multiple users to edit the same document together over the internet in real-time. It integrates well with the GNOME environment. It features a client-server architecture which supports multiple documents in one session, document synchronisation on request, password protection and an IRC-like chat for communication out of band. Users can choose a colour to highlight the text they have written in a document.
|
||||
|
||||
A dedicated server called infinoted is also provided.
|
||||
|
||||
Features include:
|
||||
|
||||
- Full-fledged text editing capabilities including syntax highlighting using GtkSourceView
|
||||
- Real-time, lock-free collaborative text editing through encrypted connections (including PFS)
|
||||
- Integrated group chat
|
||||
- Local group undo: Undo does not affect changes of remote users
|
||||
- Shows cursors and selections of remote users
|
||||
- Highlights text written by different users with different colors
|
||||
- Syntax highlighting for most programming languages, auto indentation, configurable tab width
|
||||
- Zeroconf support
|
||||
- Encrypted data transfer including perfect forward secrecy (PFS)
|
||||
- Sessions can be password-protected
|
||||
- Sophisticated access control with Access Control Lists (ACLs)
|
||||
- Highly configurable dedicated server
|
||||
- Automatic saving of documents
|
||||
- Advanced search and replace options
|
||||
- Internationalisation
|
||||
- Full Unicode support
|
||||
|
||||
- Website: [gobby.github.io][10]
|
||||
- Source code: [github.com/gobby][11]
|
||||
- Developer: Armin Burgmeier, Philipp Kern and contributors
|
||||
- License: GNU GPLv2+ and ISC
|
||||
- Version Number: 0.5.0
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
### OnlyOffice ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
ONLYOFFICE (formerly known as Teamlab Office) is a multifunctional cloud online office suite integrated with CRM system, document and project management toolset, Gantt chart and email aggregator.
|
||||
|
||||
It allows you to organize business tasks and milestones, store and share your corporate or personal documents, use social networking tools such as blogs and forums, as well as communicate with your team members via corporate IM.
|
||||
|
||||
Manage documents, projects, team and customer relations in one place. OnlyOffice combines text, spreadsheet and presentation editors that include features similar to Microsoft desktop editors (Word, Excel and PowerPoint), but then allow to co-edit, comment and chat in real time.
|
||||
|
||||
OnlyOffice is written in ASP.NET, based on HTML5 Canvas element, and translated to 21 languages.
|
||||
|
||||
Features include:
|
||||
|
||||
- As powerful as a desktop editor when working with large documents, paging and zooming
|
||||
- Document sharing in view / edit modes
|
||||
- Document embedding
|
||||
- Spreadsheet and presentation editors
|
||||
- Co-editing
|
||||
- Commenting
|
||||
- Integrated chat
|
||||
- Mobile applications
|
||||
- Gantt charts
|
||||
- Time management
|
||||
- Access right management
|
||||
- Invoicing system
|
||||
- Calendar
|
||||
- Integration with file storage systems: Google Drive, Box, OneDrive, Dropbox, OwnCloud
|
||||
- Integration with CRM, email aggregator and project management module
|
||||
- Mail server
|
||||
- Mail aggregator
|
||||
- Edit documents, spreadsheets and presentations of the most popular formats: DOC, DOCX, ODT, RTF, TXT, XLS, XLSX, ODS, CSV, PPTX, PPT, ODP
|
||||
|
||||
- Website: [www.onlyoffice.com][12]
|
||||
- Source code: [github.com/ONLYOFFICE/DocumentServer][13]
|
||||
- Developer: Ascensio System SIA
|
||||
- License: GNU GPL v3
|
||||
- Version Number: 7.7
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20150823085112605/CollaborativeEditing.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者：Frazer Kline
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:https://hackpad.com/
|
||||
[2]:https://github.com/dropbox/hackpad
|
||||
[3]:https://github.com/dropbox/hackpad/blob/master/CONTRIBUTORS
|
||||
[4]:http://etherpad.org/
|
||||
[5]:https://github.com/ether/etherpad-lite
|
||||
[6]:http://www.firepad.io/
|
||||
[7]:https://github.com/firebase/firepad
|
||||
[8]:https://owncloud.org/
|
||||
[9]:http://github.com/owncloud/documents/
|
||||
[10]:https://gobby.github.io/
|
||||
[11]:https://github.com/gobby
|
||||
[12]:https://www.onlyoffice.com/free-edition.aspx
|
||||
[13]:https://github.com/ONLYOFFICE/DocumentServer
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
|
||||
Watch These Kids Having Fun With Linux Terminal In Ubuntu
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
I found this short video of children having fun with Linux terminals in their computer lab at school. I do not know where do they belong to, but I guess it is either in Indonesia or Malaysia.
|
||||
|
||||
注：youtube 视频
|
||||
<iframe width="640" height="390" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="true" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/z8taQPomp0Y?version=3&rel=1&fs=1&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&wmode=transparent" type="text/html" class="youtube-player"></iframe>
|
||||
|
||||
### Run train in Linux terminal ###
|
||||
|
||||
There is no magic here. It’s just a small command line fun tool called ‘sl’. I presume that it was developed entirely to have some fun when command ls is wrongly typed. If you ever worked on Linux terminal, you know that ls is one of the most commonly used commands and perhaps one of the most frequently mis-typed command as well.
|
||||
|
||||
If you want to have little fun with this terminal train, you can install it using the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install sl
|
||||
|
||||
To run the terminal train, just type **sl** in the terminal. It also has the following options:
|
||||
|
||||
- -a : Accident mode. You can see people crying help
|
||||
- -l : shows a smaller train but with more coaches
|
||||
- -F : A flying train
|
||||
- -e : Allows interrupt by Ctrl+C. In other mode you cannot use Ctrl+C to stop the train. But then, it doesn’t run for long.
|
||||
|
||||
Normally, you should hear the whistle as well but it doesn’t work in most of the Linux OS, Ubuntu 14.04 being one of them. Here is the accidental terminal train :)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-terminal-train/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Abhishek][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/
|
||||
@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[bazz2 translating]
|
||||
Docker Working on Security Components, Live Container Migration
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Docker developers take the stage at Containercon and discuss their work on future container innovations for security and live migration.**
|
||||
|
||||
SEATTLE—Containers are one of the hottest topics in IT today and at the Linuxcon USA event here there is a co-located event called Containercon, dedicated to this virtualization technology.
|
||||
|
||||
Docker, the lead commercial sponsor of the open-source Docker effort brought three of its top people to the keynote stage today, but not Docker founder Solomon Hykes.
|
||||
|
||||
Hykes who delivered a Linuxcon keynote in 2014 was in the audience though, as Senior Vice President of Engineering Marianna Tessel, Docker security chief Diogo Monica and Docker chief maintainer Michael Crosby presented what's new and what's coming in Docker.
|
||||
|
||||
Tessel emphasized that Docker is very real today and used in production environments at some of the largest organizations on the planet, including the U.S. Government. Docker also is working in small environments too, including the Raspberry Pi small form factor ARM computer, which now can support up to 2,300 containers on a single device.
|
||||
|
||||
"We're getting more powerful and at the same time Docker will also get simpler to use," Tessel said.
|
||||
|
||||
As a metaphor, Tessel said that the whole Docker experience is much like a cruise ship, where there is powerful and complex machinery that powers the ship, yet the experience for passengers is all smooth sailing.
|
||||
|
||||
One area that Docker is trying to make easier is security. Tessel said that security is mind-numbingly complex for most people as organizations constantly try to avoid network breaches.
|
||||
|
||||
That's where Docker Content Trust comes into play, which is a configurable feature in the recent Docker 1.8 release. Diogo Mónica, security lead for Docker joined Tessel on stage and said that security is a hard topic, which is why Docker content trust is being developed.
|
||||
|
||||
With Docker Content Trust there is a verifiable way to make sure that a given Docker application image is authentic. There also are controls to limit fraud and potential malicious code injection by verifying application freshness.
|
||||
|
||||
To prove his point, Monica did a live demonstration of what could happen if Content Trust is not enabled. In one instance, a Website update is manipulated to allow the demo Web app to be defaced. When Content Trust is enabled, the hack didn't work and was blocked.
|
||||
|
||||
"Don't let the simple demo fool you," Tessel said. "You have seen the best security possible."
|
||||
|
||||
One area where containers haven't been put to use before is for live migration, which on VMware virtual machines is a technology called vMotion. It's an area that Docker is currently working on.
|
||||
|
||||
Docker chief maintainer Michael Crosby did an onstage demonstration of a live migration of Docker containers. Crosby referred to the approach as checkpoint and restore, where a running container gets a checkpoint snapshot and is then restored to another location.
|
||||
|
||||
A container also can be cloned and then run in another location. Crosby humorously referred to his cloned container as "Dolly," a reference to the world's first cloned animal, Dolly the sheep.
|
||||
|
||||
Tessel also took time to talk about the RunC component of containers, which is now a technology component that is being developed by the Open Containers Initiative as a multi-stakeholder process. With RunC, containers expand beyond Linux to multiple operating systems including Windows and Solaris.
|
||||
|
||||
Overall, Tessel said that she can't predict the future of Docker, though she is very optimistic.
|
||||
|
||||
"I'm not sure what the future is, but I'm sure it'll be out of this world," Tessel said.
|
||||
|
||||
Sean Michael Kerner is a senior editor at eWEEK and InternetNews.com. Follow him on Twitter @TechJournalist.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.eweek.com/virtualization/docker-working-on-security-components-live-container-migration.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Sean Michael Kerner][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.eweek.com/cp/bio/Sean-Michael-Kerner/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
|
||||
Linux about to gain a new file system – bcachefs
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
A five year old file system built by Kent Overstreet, formerly of Google, is near feature complete with all critical components in place. Bcachefs boasts the performance and reliability of the widespread ext4 and xfs as well as the feature list similar to that of btrfs and zfs. Notable features include checksumming, compression, multiple devices, caching and eventually snapshots and other “nifty” features.
|
||||
|
||||
Bcachefs started out as **bcache** which was a block caching layer, the evolution from bcache to a fully featured [copy-on-write][1] file system has been described as a metamorphosis.
|
||||
|
||||
Responding to the self-imposed question “Yet another new filesystem? Why?” Kent Overstreet replies with the following “Well, years ago (going back to when I was still at Google), I and the other people working on bcache realized that what we were working on was, almost by accident, a good chunk of the functionality of a full blown filesystem – and there was a really clean and elegant design to be had there if we took it and ran with it. And a fast one – the main goal of bcachefs to match ext4 and xfs on performance and reliability, but with the features of btrfs/xfs.”
|
||||
|
||||
Overstreet has invited people to use and test bcachefs out on their own systems. To find instructions to use bcachefs on your system check out the mailing list [announcement][2].
|
||||
|
||||
The file system situation on Linux is a fairly drawn out one, Fedora 16 for instance aimed to use btrfs instead of ext4 as the default file system, this switch still has not happened. Currently all of the Debian based distros, including Ubuntu, Mint and elementary OS, still use ext4 as their default file systems and none have even whispered about switching to a new default file system yet.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.linuxveda.com/2015/08/22/linux-gain-new-file-system-bcachefs/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Paul Hill][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.linuxveda.com/author/paul_hill/
|
||||
[1]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copy-on-write
|
||||
[2]:https://lkml.org/lkml/2015/8/21/22
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
|
||||
LinuxCon exclusive: Mark Shuttleworth says Snappy was born long before CoreOS and the Atomic Project
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Mark Shuttleworth at LinuxCon Credit: Swapnil Bhartiya
|
||||
|
||||
> Mark Shuttleworth, founder of Canonical and Ubuntu, made a surprise visit at LinuxCon. I sat down with him for a video interview and talked about Ubuntu on IBM’s new LinuxONE systems, Canonical’s plans for containers, open source in the enterprise space and much more.
|
||||
|
||||
### You made a surprise entry during the keynote. What brought you to LinuxCon? ###
|
||||
|
||||
**Mark Shuttleworth**: I am here at LinuxCon to support IBM and Canonical in their announcement of Ubuntu on their new Linux-only super-high-end mainframe LinuxONE. These are the biggest machines in the world, purpose-built to run only Linux. And we will be bringing Ubuntu to them, which is a real privilege for us and is going to be incredible for developers.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Swapnil Bhartiya
|
||||
|
||||
Mark Shuttleworth and Swapnil Bhartiya, mandatory selfie at LinuxCon
|
||||
|
||||
### Only Red Hat and SUSE were supported on it. Why was Ubuntu missing from the mainframe scene? ###
|
||||
|
||||
**Mark**: Ubuntu has always been about developers. It has been about enabling the free software platform from where it is collaboratively built to be available at no cost to developers in the world, so they are limited only by their imagination—not by money, not by geography.
|
||||
|
||||
There was an incredible story told today about a 12-year-old kid who started out with Ubuntu; there are incredible stories about people building giant businesses with Ubuntu. And for me, being able to empower people, whether they come from one part of the world or another to express their ideas on free software, is what Ubuntu is all about. It's been a journey for us essentially, going to the platforms those developers care about, and just in the last year, we suddenly saw a flood of requests from companies who run mainframes, who are using Ubuntu for their infrastructure—70% of OpenStack deployments are on Ubuntu. Those same people said, “Look, there is the mainframe, and we like to unleash it and think of it as a region in the cloud.” So when IBM started talking to us, saying that they have this project in the works, it felt like a very natural fit: You are going to be able to take your Ubuntu laptop, build code there and ship it straight to every cloud, every virtualization environment, every bare metal in every architecture including the mainframe, and that's going to be beautiful.
|
||||
|
||||
### Will Canonical be offering support for these systems? ###
|
||||
|
||||
**Mark**: Yes. Ubuntu on z Systems is going to be completely supported. We will make long-term commitments to that. The idea is to bring together scale-out-fast cloud-like workloads, which is really born on Ubuntu; 70% of workloads on Amazon and other public clouds run on Ubuntu. Now you can think of running that on a mainframe if that makes sense to you.
|
||||
|
||||
We are going to provide exactly the same platform that we do on the cloud, and we are going to provide that on the mainframe as well. We are also going to expose it to the OpenStack API so you can consume it on a mainframe with exactly the same tools and exactly the same processes that you would consume on a laptop, or OpenStack or public cloud resources. So all of the things that Ubuntu builds to make your life easy as a developer are going to be available across that full range of platforms and systems, and all of that is commercially supported.
|
||||
|
||||
### Canonical is doing a lot of things: It is into enterprise, and it’s in the consumer space with mobile and desktop. So what is the core focus of Canonical now? ###
|
||||
|
||||
**Mark**: The trick for us is to enable the reuse of specifically the same parts [of our technology] in as many useful ways as possible. So if you look at the work that we do at z Systems, it's absolutely defined by the work that we do on the cloud. We want to deliver exactly the same libraries on exactly the same date for the mainframe as we do for public clouds and for x86, ARM and Power servers today.
|
||||
|
||||
We don't allow Ubuntu or our focus to fragment very dramatically because we don't allow different products managers to find Ubuntu in different ways in different environments. We just want to bring that standard experience that developers love to this new environment.
|
||||
|
||||
Similarly if you look at the work we are doing on IoT [Internet of Things], Snappy Ubuntu is the heart of the phone. It’s the phone without the GUI. So the definitions, the tools, the kernels, the mechanisms are shared across those projects. So we are able to multiply the impact of the work. We have an incredible community, and we try to enable the community to do things that they want to do that we can’t do. So that's why we have so many buntus, and it's kind of incredible for me to see what they do with that.
|
||||
|
||||
We also see the community climbing in. We see hundreds of developers working with Snappy for IoT, and we see developers working with Snappy on mobile, for personal computing as convergence becomes real. And, of course, there is the cloud server story: 70% of the world is Ubuntu, so there is a huge audience. We don't have to do all the work that we do; we just have to be open and willing to, kind of, do the core infrastructure and then reuse it as efficiently as possible.
|
||||
|
||||
### Is Snappy a response to Atomic or CoreOS? ###
|
||||
|
||||
**Mark**: Snappy as a project was born four years ago when we started working on the phone, which was long before the CoreOS, long before Atomic. I think the principles of atomicity, transactionality are beautiful, but remember: We needed to build the same things for the phone. And with Snappy, we have the ability to deliver transactional updates to any of these systems—phones, servers and cloud devices.
|
||||
|
||||
Of course, it feels a little different because in order to provide those guarantees, we have to shape the system in such a way that we can guarantee the guarantees. And that's why Snappy is snappy; it's a new thing. It's not based on an old packaging system. Though we will keep both of them: All Snaps for us that Canonical makes, the core snaps that define the OS, are all built from Debian packages. They are two different faces of the same coin for us, and developers will use them as tools. We use the right tools for the job.
|
||||
|
||||
There are couple of key advantages for Snappy over CoreOS and Atomic, and the main one is this: We took the view that we wanted the base idea to be extensible. So with Snappy, the core operating system is tiny. You make all the choices, and you take all the decisions about things you want to bolt on that: you want to bolt on Docker; you want to bolt on Kubernete; you want to bolt on Mesos; you want to bolt on Lattice from Pivotal; you want to bolt on OpenStack. Those are the things you choose to add with Snappy. Whereas with Atomic and CoreOS, it's one blob and you have to do it exactly the way they want you to do it. You have to live with the versions of software and the choices they make.
|
||||
|
||||
Whereas with Snappy, we really preserve this idea of the choices you have got in Ubuntu are now transactionally available on Snappy systems. That makes the core much smaller, and it gives you the choice of different container systems, different container management systems, different cloud infrastructure systems or different apps of every description. I think that's the winning idea. In fullness of time, people will realize that they wanted to make those choices themselves; they just want Canonical to do the work of providing the updates in a really efficient manner.
|
||||
|
||||
### There is so much competition in the container space with Docker, Rocket and many other players. Where will Canonical stand amid this competition? ###
|
||||
|
||||
**Mark**: Canonical is focused on platform tools, and we see things like the Rocket and Docker as things super-useful for developers; we just make sure that those work best on Ubuntu. Docker, for years, ran only Ubuntu because we work very closely with them, and we are glad now that it's available everywhere else. But if you look at the numbers, the vast majority of Docker containers are on Ubuntu. Because we work really hard, as developers, you get the best experience with all of these tools on Ubuntu. We don't want to try and control everything, and it’s great for us to have those guys competing.
|
||||
|
||||
I think in the end people will see that there is really two kinds of containers. 1) There are cases where a container is just like a VM machine. It feels like a whole machine, it runs all processes, all the logs and cron jobs are there. It's like a VM, just that it's much cheaper, much lighter, much faster, and that's LXD. 2) And then there would be process containers, which are like Docker or Rocket; they are there to run a specific application very fast. I think we lead the world in general machine container story, which is our hypervisor LXD, and I think Docker leads the story when it comes to applications containers, process containers. And those two work together really beautifully.
|
||||
|
||||
### Microsoft and Canonical are working together on LXD? Can you tell us about this engagement? ###
|
||||
|
||||
Mark: LXD is two things. First, it's an implementation on top of Canonical's work on the kernel so that you can start to create full machine containers on any host. But it's also a REST API. That’s the transitions from LXC to LXD. We got a daemon there so you can talk to the daemon over the network, if it's listening on the network, and says tell me about the containers on that machine, tell me about the file systems on that machine, the networks on that machine, start or stop the container.
|
||||
|
||||
So LXD becomes a distributed hypervisor effectively. Very interestingly, last week Microsoft announced that they like REST API. It is very clean, very simple, very well engineered, and they are going to implement the same API for Windows machines. It's completely cross-platform, which means you will be able to talk to any machine—Linux or Windows. So it gives you very clean and simple APIs to talk about containers on any host on the network.
|
||||
|
||||
Of course, we have led the work in [OpenStack to bind LXD to Nova][1], which is the control system to compute in OpenStack, so that's how we create a whole cloud with OpenStack API with the individual VMs being actually containers, so much denser, much faster, much lighter, much cheaper.
|
||||
|
||||
### Open Source is becoming a norm in the enterprise segment. What do you think is driving the adoption of open source in the enterprise? ###
|
||||
|
||||
**Mark**: The reason why open source has become so popular in the enterprise is because it enables them to go faster. We are all competing at some level, and if you can't make progress because you have to call up some vendor, you can't dig in and help yourself go faster, then you feel frustrated. And given the choice between frustration and at least the ability to dig into a problem, enterprises over time will always choose to give themselves the ability to dig in and help themselves. So that is why open source is phenomenal.
|
||||
|
||||
I think it goes a bit deeper than that. I think people have started to realize as much as we compete, 99% of what we need to do is shared, and there is something meaningful about contributing to something that is shared. As I have seen Ubuntu go from something that developers love, to something that CIOs love that developers love Ubuntu. As that happens, it's not a one-way ticket. They often want to say how can we help contribute to make this whole thing go faster.
|
||||
|
||||
We have always seen a curve of complexity, and open source has traditionally been higher up on the curve of complexity and therefore considered threatening or difficult or too uncertain for people who are not comfortable with the complexity. What's wonderful to me is that many open source projects have identified that as a blocker for their own future. So in Ubuntu we have made user experience, design and “making it easy” a first-class goal. We have done the same for OpenStack. With Ubuntu tools for OpenStack anybody can build an OpenStack cloud in an hour, and if you want, that cloud can run itself, scale itself, manage itself, can deal with failures. It becomes something you can just fire up and forget, which also makes it really cheap. It also makes it something that's not a distraction, and so by making open source easier and easier, we are broadening its appeal to consumers and into the enterprise and potentially into the government.
|
||||
|
||||
### How open are governments to open source? Can you tell us about the utilization of open source by governments, especially in the U.S.? ###
|
||||
|
||||
**Mark**: I don't track the usage in government, but part of government utilization in the modern era is the realization that how untrustworthy other governments might be. There is a desire for people to be able to say, “Look, I want to review or check and potentially self-build all the things that I depend on.” That's a really important mission. At the end of the day, some people see this as a game where maybe they can get something out of the other guy. I see it as a game where we can make a level playing field, where everybody gets to compete. I have a very strong interest in making sure that Ubuntu is trustworthy, which means the way we build it, the way we run it, the governance around it is such that people can have confidence in it as an independent thing.
|
||||
|
||||
### You are quite vocal about freedom, privacy and other social issues on Google+. How do you see yourself, your company and Ubuntu playing a role in making the world a better place? ###
|
||||
|
||||
**Mark**: The most important thing for us to do is to build confidence in trusted platforms, platforms that are freely available but also trustworthy. At any given time, there will always be people who can make arguments about why they should have access to something. But we know from history that at the end of the day, due process of law, justice, doesn't depend on the abuse of privacy, abuse of infrastructure, the abuse of data. So I am very strongly of the view that in the fullness of time, all of the different major actors will come to the view that their primary interest is in having something that is conceptually trustworthy. This isn't about what America can steal from Germany or what China can learn in Russia. This is about saying we’re all going to be able to trust our infrastructure; that's a generational journey. But I believe Ubuntu can be right at the center of people's thinking about that.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.itworld.com/article/2973116/linux/linuxcon-exclusive-mark-shuttleworth-says-snappy-was-born-long-before-coreos-and-the-atomic-project.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Swapnil Bhartiya][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.itworld.com/author/Swapnil-Bhartiya/
|
||||
[1]:https://wiki.openstack.org/wiki/HypervisorSupportMatrix
|
||||
@ -1,99 +0,0 @@
|
||||
How to monitor stock quotes from the command line on Linux
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
If you are one of those stock investors or traders, monitoring the stock market will be one of your daily routines. Most likely you will be using an online trading platform which comes with some fancy real-time charts and all sort of advanced stock analysis and tracking tools. While such sophisticated market research tools are a must for any serious stock investors to read the market, monitoring the latest stock quotes still goes a long way to build a profitable portfolio.
|
||||
|
||||
If you are a full-time system admin constantly sitting in front of terminals while trading stocks as a hobby during the day, a simple command-line tool that shows real-time stock quotes will be a blessing for you.
|
||||
|
||||
In this tutorial, let me introduce a neat command-line tool that allows you to monitor stock quotes from the command line on Linux.
|
||||
|
||||
This tool is called [Mop][1]. Written in Go, this lightweight command-line tool is extremely handy for tracking the latest stock quotes from the U.S. markets. You can easily customize the list of stocks to monitor, and it shows the latest stock quotes in ncurses-based, easy-to-read interface.
|
||||
|
||||
**Note**: Mop obtains the latest stock quotes via Yahoo! Finance API. Be aware that their stock quotes are known to be delayed by 15 minutes. So if you are looking for "real-time" stock quotes with zero delay, Mop is not a tool for you. Such "live" stock quote feeds are usually available for a fee via some proprietary closed-door interface. With that being said, let's see how you can use Mop under Linux environment.
|
||||
|
||||
### Install Mop on Linux ###
|
||||
|
||||
Since Mop is implemented in Go, you will need to install Go language first. If you don't have Go installed, follow [this guide][2] to install Go on your Linux platform. Make sure to set GOPATH environment variable as described in the guide.
|
||||
|
||||
Once Go is installed, proceed to install Mop as follows.
|
||||
|
||||
**Debian, Ubuntu or Linux Mint**
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install git
|
||||
$ go get github.com/michaeldv/mop
|
||||
$ cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/michaeldv/mop
|
||||
$ make install
|
||||
|
||||
Fedora, CentOS, RHEL
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo yum install git
|
||||
$ go get github.com/michaeldv/mop
|
||||
$ cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/michaeldv/mop
|
||||
$ make install
|
||||
|
||||
The above commands will install Mop under $GOPATH/bin.
|
||||
|
||||
Now edit your .bashrc to include $GOPATH/bin in your PATH variable.
|
||||
|
||||
export PATH="$PATH:$GOPATH/bin"
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
$ source ~/.bashrc
|
||||
|
||||
### Monitor Stock Quotes from the Command Line with Mop ###
|
||||
|
||||
To launch Mod, simply run the command called cmd.
|
||||
|
||||
$ cmd
|
||||
|
||||
At the first launch, you will see a few stock tickers which Mop comes pre-configured with.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
The quotes show information like the latest price, %change, daily low/high, 52-week low/high, dividend, and annual yield. Mop obtains market overview information from [CNN][3], and individual stock quotes from [Yahoo Finance][4]. The stock quote information updates itself within the terminal periodically.
|
||||
|
||||
### Customize Stock Quotes in Mop ###
|
||||
|
||||
Let's try customizing the stock list. Mop provides easy-to-remember shortcuts for this: '+' to add a new stock, and '-' to remove a stock.
|
||||
|
||||
To add a new stock, press '+', and type a stock ticker symbol to add (e.g., MSFT). You can add more than one stock at once by typing a comma-separated list of tickers (e.g., "MSFT, AMZN, TSLA").
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Removing stocks from the list can be done similarly by pressing '-'.
|
||||
|
||||
### Sort Stock Quotes in Mop ###
|
||||
|
||||
You can sort the stock quote list based on any column. To sort, press 'o', and use left/right key to choose the column to sort by. When a particular column is chosen, you can sort the list either in increasing order or in decreasing order by pressing ENTER.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
By pressing 'g', you can group your stocks based on whether they are advancing or declining for the day. Advancing issues are represented in green color, while declining issues are colored in white.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
If you want to access help page, simply press '?'.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Conclusion ###
|
||||
|
||||
As you can see, Mop is a lightweight, yet extremely handy stock monitoring tool. Of course you can easily access stock quotes information elsewhere, from online websites, your smartphone, etc. However, if you spend a great deal of your time in a terminal environment, Mop can easily fit in to your workspace, hopefully without distracting must of your workflow. Just let it run and continuously update market date in one of your terminals, and be done with it.
|
||||
|
||||
Happy trading!
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://xmodulo.com/monitor-stock-quotes-command-line-linux.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Dan Nanni][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://xmodulo.com/author/nanni
|
||||
[1]:https://github.com/michaeldv/mop
|
||||
[2]:http://ask.xmodulo.com/install-go-language-linux.html
|
||||
[3]:http://money.cnn.com/data/markets/
|
||||
[4]:http://finance.yahoo.com/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
|
||||
Basics Of NetworkManager Command Line Tool, Nmcli
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Introduction ###
|
||||
|
||||
In this tutorial, we will discuss NetworkManager command line tool, aka **nmcli**, in CentOS / RHEL 7. Users who are using **ifconfig** should avoid this command in Centos 7.
|
||||
|
||||
Lets configure some networking settings with nmcli utility.
|
||||
|
||||
#### To get all address information of all interfaces connected with System ####
|
||||
|
||||
[root@localhost ~]# ip addr show
|
||||
|
||||
**Sample Output:**
|
||||
|
||||
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
|
||||
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
|
||||
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
|
||||
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
|
||||
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
|
||||
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
|
||||
2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
|
||||
link/ether 00:0c:29:67:2f:4c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
|
||||
inet 192.168.1.51/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eno16777736
|
||||
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
|
||||
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe67:2f4c/64 scope link
|
||||
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
|
||||
|
||||
#### To retrieve packets statistics related with connected interfaces ####
|
||||
|
||||
[root@localhost ~]# ip -s link show eno16777736
|
||||
|
||||
**Sample Output:**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### Get routing configuration ####
|
||||
|
||||
[root@localhost ~]# ip route
|
||||
|
||||
Sample Output:
|
||||
|
||||
default via 192.168.1.1 dev eno16777736 proto static metric 100
|
||||
192.168.1.0/24 dev eno16777736 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.51 metric 100
|
||||
|
||||
#### Analyze path for some host/website ####
|
||||
|
||||
[root@localhost ~]# tracepath unixmen.com
|
||||
|
||||
Output will be just like traceroute but in more managed form.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### nmcli utility ###
|
||||
|
||||
**Nmcli** is a very rich and flexible command line utility. some of the terms used in nmcli are:
|
||||
|
||||
- **Device** – A network interface being used.
|
||||
- **Connection** – A set of configuration settings, for a single device you can have multiple connections, you can switch between connections.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Find out how many connections are available for how many devices ####
|
||||
|
||||
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection show
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### Get details of a specific connection ####
|
||||
|
||||
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection show eno1
|
||||
|
||||
**Sample output:**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### Get the Network device status ####
|
||||
|
||||
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli device status
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
DEVICE TYPE STATE CONNECTION
|
||||
eno16777736 ethernet connected eno1
|
||||
lo loopback unmanaged --
|
||||
|
||||
#### Create a new connection with “dhcp” ####
|
||||
|
||||
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection add con-name "dhcp" type ethernet ifname eno16777736
|
||||
|
||||
Where,
|
||||
|
||||
- **Connection add** – To add new connection
|
||||
- **con-name** – connection name
|
||||
- **type** – type of device
|
||||
- **ifname** – interface name
|
||||
|
||||
This command will add connection with dhcp protocol.
|
||||
|
||||
**Sample output:**
|
||||
|
||||
Connection 'dhcp' (163a6822-cd50-4d23-bb42-8b774aeab9cb) successfully added.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Instead of assigning an IP via dhcp, you can add ip address as “static” ####
|
||||
|
||||
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection add con-name "static" ifname eno16777736 autoconnect no type ethernet ip4 192.168.1.240 gw4 192.168.1.1
|
||||
|
||||
**Sample Output:**
|
||||
|
||||
Connection 'static' (8e69d847-03d7-47c7-8623-bb112f5cc842) successfully added.
|
||||
|
||||
**Update connection:**
|
||||
|
||||
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection up eno1
|
||||
|
||||
Again Check, whether ip address is changed or not.
|
||||
|
||||
[root@localhost ~]# ip addr show
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### Add DNS settings to Static connections. ####
|
||||
|
||||
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection modify "static" ipv4.dns 202.131.124.4
|
||||
|
||||
#### Add additional DNS value. ####
|
||||
|
||||
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection modify "static" +ipv4.dns 8.8.8.8
|
||||
|
||||
**Note**: For additional entries **+** symbol will be used and **+ipv4.dns** will be used instead on **ip4.dns**
|
||||
|
||||
Put an additional ip address:
|
||||
|
||||
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection modify "static" +ipv4.addresses 192.168.200.1/24
|
||||
|
||||
Refresh settings using command:
|
||||
|
||||
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection up eno1
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
You will see, setting are effective now.
|
||||
|
||||
That’s it.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.unixmen.com/basics-networkmanager-command-line-tool-nmcli/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：Rajneesh Upadhyay
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
|
||||
Fix No Bootable Device Found Error After Installing Ubuntu
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Usually, I dual boot Ubuntu and Windows but this time I decided to go for a clean Ubuntu installation i.e. eliminating Windows completely. After the clean install of Ubuntu, I ended up with a screen saying **no bootable device found** instead of the Grub screen. Clearly, the installation messed up with the UEFI boot settings.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
I am going to show you how I fixed **no bootable device found error after installing Ubuntu in Acer laptops**. It is important that I mention that I am using Acer Aspire R13 because we have to change things in firmware settings and those settings might look different from manufacturer to manufacturer and from device to device.
|
||||
|
||||
So before you go on trying the steps mentioned here, let’s first see what state my computer was in during this error:
|
||||
|
||||
- My Acer Aspire R13 came preinstalled with Windows 8.1 and with UEFI boot manager
|
||||
- Secure boot was not turned off (my laptop has just come from repair and the service guy had put the secure boot on again, I did not know until I ran up in the problem). You can read this post to know [how disable secure boot in Acer laptops][1]
|
||||
- I chose to install Ubuntu by erasing everything i.e. existing Windows 8.1, various partitions etc.
|
||||
- After installing Ubuntu, I saw no bootable device found error while booting from the hard disk. Booting from live USB worked just fine
|
||||
|
||||
In my opinion, not disabling the secure boot was the reason of this error. However, I have no data to backup my claim. It is just a hunch. Interestingly, dual booting Windows and Linux often ends up in common Grub issues like these two:
|
||||
|
||||
- [error: no such partition grub rescue][2]
|
||||
- [Minimal BASH like line editing is supported][3]
|
||||
|
||||
If you are in similar situation, you can try the fix which worked for me.
|
||||
|
||||
### Fix no bootable device found error after installing Ubuntu ###
|
||||
|
||||
Pardon me for poor quality images. My OnePlus camera seems to be not very happy with my laptop screen.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Step 1 ####
|
||||
|
||||
Turn the power off and boot into boot settings. I had to press Fn+F2 (to press F2 key) on Acer Aspire R13 quickly. You have to be very quick with it if you are using SSD hard disk because SSDs are very fast in booting. Depending upon your manufacturer/model, you might need to use Del or F10 or F12 keys.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Step 2 ####
|
||||
|
||||
In the boot settings, make sure that Secure Boot is turned on. It should be under the Boot tab.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Step 3 ####
|
||||
|
||||
Go to Security tab and look for “Select an UEFI file as trusted for executing” and click enter.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Just for your information, what we are going to do here is to add the UEFI settings file (it was generated while Ubuntu installation) among the trusted UEFI boots in your device. If you remember, UEFI boot’s main aim is to provide security and since Secure Boot was not disabled (perhaps) the device did not intend to boot from the newly installed OS. Adding it as trusted, kind of whitelisting, will let the device boot from the Ubuntu UEFI file.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Step 4 ####
|
||||
|
||||
You should see your hard disk like HDD0 etc here. If you have more than one hard disk, I hope you remember where did you install Ubuntu. Press Enter here as well.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### Step 5 ####
|
||||
|
||||
You should see <EFI> here. Press enter.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### Step 6 ####
|
||||
|
||||
You’ll see <Ubuntu> in next screen. Don’t get impatient, you are almost there
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### Step 7 ####
|
||||
|
||||
You’ll see shimx64.efi, grubx64.efi and MokManager.efi file here. The important one is shimx64.efi here. Select it and click enter.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
In next screen, type Yes and click enter.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### Step 8 ####
|
||||
|
||||
Once we have added it as trused EFI file to be executed, press F10 to save and exit.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Reboot your system and this time you should be seeing the familiar Grub screen. Even if you do not see Grub screen, you should at least not be seeing “no bootable device found” screen anymore. You should be able to boot into Ubuntu.
|
||||
|
||||
If your Grub screen was messed up after the fix but you got to login into it, you can reinstall Grub to boot into the familiar purple Grub screen of Ubuntu.
|
||||
|
||||
I hope this tutorial helped you to fix no bootable device found error. Any questions or suggestions or a word of thanks is always welcomed.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://itsfoss.com/no-bootable-device-found-ubuntu/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Abhishek][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/
|
||||
[1]:http://itsfoss.com/disable-secure-boot-in-acer/
|
||||
[2]:http://itsfoss.com/solve-error-partition-grub-rescue-ubuntu-linux/
|
||||
[3]:http://itsfoss.com/fix-minimal-bash-line-editing-supported-grub-error-linux/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
|
||||
How To Add Hindi And Devanagari Support In Antergos And Arch Linux
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
You might be knowing by now that I have been trying my hands on [Antergos Linux][1] lately. One of the first few things I noticed after installing [Antergos][2] was that **Hindi scripts were not displayed properly** in the default chromium browser.
|
||||
|
||||
This is a strange thing that I never encountered before in my desktop Linux experience ever. First, I thought maybe it could be a browser problem so I went on to install Firefox only to see the same story repeated. Firefox also could not display Hindi properly. Unlike Chromium that displayed nothing, Firefox did display something but it was not readable.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Hindi display in Chromium
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Hindi display in Firefox
|
||||
|
||||
Strange? So no Hindi support in Arch based Antergos Linux by default? I did not verify, but I presume that it would be the same for other Indian languages etc that are also based on Devanagari script.
|
||||
|
||||
I this quick tutorial, I am going to show you how to add Devanagari support so that Hindi and other Indian languages are displayed properly.
|
||||
|
||||
### Add Indian language support in Antergos and Arch Linux ###
|
||||
|
||||
Open a terminal and use the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo yaourt -S ttf-indic-otf
|
||||
|
||||
Enter the password. And it will provide rendering support for Indian languages.
|
||||
|
||||
Restarting Firefox displayed Hindi correctly immediately, but it took a restart to display Hindi. For that reason, I advise that you **restart your system** after installing the Indian fonts.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
I hope tis quick helped you to read Hindi, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Bangla and other Indian languages in Antergos and other Arch based Linux distros such as Manjaro Linux.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://itsfoss.com/display-hindi-arch-antergos/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Abhishek][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/
|
||||
[1]:http://antergos.com/
|
||||
[2]:http://itsfoss.com/tag/antergos/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
|
||||
How to Setup Zephyr Test Management Tool on CentOS 7.x
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Test Management encompasses anything and everything that you need to do as testers. Test management tools are used to store information on how testing is to be done, plan testing activities and report the status of quality assurance activities. So in this article we will illustrate you about the setup of Zephyr test management tool that includes everything needed to manage the test process can save testers hassle of installing separate applications that are necessary for the testing process. Once you have done with its setup you will be able to track bugs, defects and allows the project tasks for collaboration with your team as you can easily share and access the data across multiple project teams for communication and collaboration throughout the testing process.
|
||||
|
||||
### Requirements for Zephyr ###
|
||||
|
||||
We are going to install and run Zephyr under the following set of its minimum resources. Resources can be enhanced as per your infrastructure requirements. We will be installing Zephyr on the CentOS-7 64-bit while its binary distributions are available for almost all Linux operating systems.
|
||||
|
||||
注：表格
|
||||
<table width="669" style="height: 231px;">
|
||||
<tbody>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td width="660" colspan="3"><strong>Zephyr test management tool</strong></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td width="140"><strong>Linux OS</strong></td>
|
||||
<td width="312">CentOS Linux 7 (Core), 64-bit</td>
|
||||
<td width="209"></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td width="140"><strong>Packages</strong></td>
|
||||
<td width="312">JDK 7 or above , Oracle JDK 6 update</td>
|
||||
<td width="209">No Prior Tomcat, MySQL installed</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td width="140"><strong>RAM</strong></td>
|
||||
<td width="312">4 GB</td>
|
||||
<td width="209">Preferred 8 GB</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td width="140"><strong>CPU</strong></td>
|
||||
<td width="521" colspan="2">2.0 GHZ or Higher</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td width="140"><strong>Hard Disk</strong></td>
|
||||
<td width="521" colspan="2">30 GB , Atleast 5GB must be free</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
You must have super user (root) access to perform the installation process for Zephyr and make sure that you have properly configured yout network with static IP address and its default set of ports must be available and allowed in the firewall where as the Port 80/443, 8005, 8009, 8010 will used by tomcat and Port 443 or 2099 will used within Zephyr by flex for the RTMP protocol.
|
||||
|
||||
### Install Java JDK 7 ###
|
||||
|
||||
Java JDK 7 is the basic requirement for the installation of Zephyr, if its not already installed in your operating system then do the following to install Java and setup its JAVA_HOME environment variables to be properly configured.
|
||||
|
||||
Let’s issue the below commands to install Java JDK 7.
|
||||
|
||||
[root@centos-007 ~]# yum install java-1.7.0-openjdk-1.7.0.79-2.5.5.2.el7_1
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
[root@centos-007 ~]# yum install java-1.7.0-openjdk-devel-1.7.0.85-2.6.1.2.el7_1.x86_64
|
||||
|
||||
Once your java is installed including its required dependencies, run the following commands to set its JAVA_HOME environment variables.
|
||||
|
||||
[root@centos-007 ~]# export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/default
|
||||
[root@centos-007 ~]# export PATH=/usr/java/default/bin:$PATH
|
||||
|
||||
Now check the version of java to verify its installation with following command.
|
||||
|
||||
[root@centos-007 ~]# java –version
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
java version "1.7.0_79"
|
||||
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (rhel-2.5.5.2.el7_1-x86_64 u79-b14)
|
||||
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.79-b02, mixed mode)
|
||||
|
||||
The output shows that we we have successfully installed OpenJDK Java verion 1.7.0_79.
|
||||
|
||||
### Install MySQL 5.6.X ###
|
||||
|
||||
If you have other MySQLs on the machine then it is recommended to remove them and
|
||||
install this version on top of them or upgrade their schemas to what is specified. As this specific major/minor (5.6.X) version of MySQL is required with the root username as a prerequisite of Zephyr.
|
||||
|
||||
To install MySQL 5.6 on CentOS-7.1 lets do the following steps:
|
||||
|
||||
Download the rpm package, which will create a yum repo file for MySQL Server installation.
|
||||
|
||||
[root@centos-007 ~]# yum install wget
|
||||
[root@centos-007 ~]# wget http://repo.mysql.com/mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
|
||||
|
||||
Now Install this downloaded rpm package by using rpm command.
|
||||
|
||||
[root@centos-007 ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
|
||||
|
||||
After the installation of this package you will get two new yum repo related to MySQL. Then by using yum command, now we will install MySQL Server 5.6 and all dependencies will be installed itself.
|
||||
|
||||
[root@centos-007 ~]# yum install mysql-server
|
||||
|
||||
Once the installation process completes, run the following commands to start mysqld services and check its status whether its active or not.
|
||||
|
||||
[root@centos-007 ~]# service mysqld start
|
||||
[root@centos-007 ~]# service mysqld status
|
||||
|
||||
On fresh installation of MySQL Server. The MySQL root user password is blank.
|
||||
For good security practice, we should reset the password MySQL root user.
|
||||
|
||||
Connect to MySQL using the auto-generated empty password and change the
|
||||
root password.
|
||||
|
||||
[root@centos-007 ~]# mysql
|
||||
mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR 'root'@'localhost' = PASSWORD('your_password');
|
||||
mysql> flush privileges;
|
||||
mysql> quit;
|
||||
|
||||
Now we need to configure the required database parameters in the default configuration file of MySQL. Let's open its file located in "/etc/" folder and update it as follow.
|
||||
|
||||
[root@centos-007 ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
[mysqld]
|
||||
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
|
||||
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
|
||||
symbolic-links=0
|
||||
|
||||
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
|
||||
max_allowed_packet=150M
|
||||
max_connections=600
|
||||
default-storage-engine=INNODB
|
||||
character-set-server=utf8
|
||||
collation-server=utf8_unicode_ci
|
||||
|
||||
[mysqld_safe]
|
||||
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
|
||||
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
|
||||
default-storage-engine=INNODB
|
||||
character-set-server=utf8
|
||||
collation-server=utf8_unicode_ci
|
||||
|
||||
[mysql]
|
||||
max_allowed_packet = 150M
|
||||
[mysqldump]
|
||||
quick
|
||||
|
||||
Save the changes made in the configuration file and restart mysql services.
|
||||
|
||||
[root@centos-007 ~]# service mysqld restart
|
||||
|
||||
### Download Zephyr Installation Package ###
|
||||
|
||||
We done with installation of required packages necessary to install Zephyr. Now we need to get the binary distributed package of Zephyr and its license key. Go to official download link of Zephyr that is http://download.yourzephyr.com/linux/download.php give your email ID and click to download.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Then and confirm your mentioned Email Address and you will get the Zephyr Download link and its License Key link. So click on the provided links and choose the appropriate version of your Operating system to download the binary installation package and its license file to the server.
|
||||
|
||||
We have placed it in the home directory and modify its permissions to make it executable.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Start Zephyr Installation and Configuration ###
|
||||
|
||||
Now we are ready to start the installation of Zephyr by executing its binary installation script as below.
|
||||
|
||||
[root@centos-007 ~]# ./zephyr_4_7_9213_linux_setup.sh –c
|
||||
|
||||
Once you run the above command, it will check for the Java environment variables to be properly setup and configured. If there's some mis-configuration you might the error like.
|
||||
|
||||
testing JVM in /usr ...
|
||||
Starting Installer ...
|
||||
Error : Either JDK is not found at expected locations or JDK version is mismatched.
|
||||
Zephyr requires Oracle Java Development Kit (JDK) version 1.7 or higher.
|
||||
|
||||
Once you have properly configured your Java, then it will start installation of Zephyr and asks to press "o" to proceed and "c" to cancel the setup. Let's type "o" and press "Enter" key to start installation.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
The next option is to review all the requirements for the Zephyr setup and Press "Enter" to move forward to next option.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
To accept the license agreement type "1" and Press Enter.
|
||||
|
||||
I accept the terms of this license agreement [1], I do not accept the terms of this license agreement [2, Enter]
|
||||
|
||||
Here we need to choose the appropriate destination location where we want to install the zephyr and choose the default ports, if you want to choose other than default ports, you are free to mention here.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Then customize the mysql database parameters and give the right paths to the configurations file. You might the an error at this point as shown below.
|
||||
|
||||
Please update MySQL configuration. Configuration parameter max_connection should be at least 500 (max_connection = 500) and max_allowed_packet should be at least 50MB (max_allowed_packet = 50M).
|
||||
|
||||
To overcome this error make sure that you have configure the "max_connection" and "max_allowed_packet" limits properly in the mysql configuration file. So confirm these settings, connect to mysql server and run the commands as shown.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Once you have configured your mysql database properly, it will extract the configuration files to complete the setup.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
The installation process completes with successful installation of Zephyr 4.7 on your computer. To Launch Zephyr Desktop type "y" to finish Zephyr installation.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Launch Zephyr Desktop ###
|
||||
|
||||
Open your web browser to launch Zephyr Desktop with your localhost IP adress and you will be direted to the Zephyr Desktop.
|
||||
|
||||
http://your_server_IP/zephyr/desktop/
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
From your Zephyr Dashboard click on the "Test Manager" and login with the dault user name and password that is "test.manager".
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Once you are loged in you will be able to configure your administrative settings as shown. So choose the settings you wish to put according to your environment.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Save the settings after you have done with your administrative settings, similarly do the settings of resources management and project setup and start using Zephyr as a complete set of your testing management tool. You check and edit the status of your administrative settings from the Department Dashboard Management as shown.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Conclusion ###
|
||||
|
||||
Cheers! we have done with the complete setup of Zephyr installation setup on Centos 7.1. We hope you are now much aware of Zephyr Test management tool which offer the prospect of streamlining the testing process and allow quick access to data analysis, collaborative tools and easy communication across multiple project teams. Feel free to comment us if you find any difficulty while you are doing it in your environment.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://linoxide.com/linux-how-to/setup-zephyr-tool-centos-7-x/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Kashif Siddique][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://linoxide.com/author/kashifs/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
|
||||
How to create an AP in Ubuntu 15.04 to connect to Android/iPhone
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
I tried creating a wireless access point via Gnome Network Manager in 15.04 and was successful. I’m sharing the steps with our readers. Please note: you must have a wifi card which allows you to create an Access Point. If you want to know how to find that, type iw list in a terminal.
|
||||
|
||||
If you don’t have iw installed, you can install iw in Ubuntu using the command sudo apt-get install iw.
|
||||
|
||||
After you type iw list, look for supported interface section, where it should be a entry called AP like the one shown below:
|
||||
|
||||
Supported interface modes:
|
||||
|
||||
* IBSS
|
||||
* managed
|
||||
* AP
|
||||
* AP/VLAN
|
||||
* monitor
|
||||
* mesh point
|
||||
|
||||
Let’s see the steps in detail
|
||||
|
||||
1. Disconnect WIFI. Get a an internet cable and plug into your laptop so that you are connected to a wired internet connection
|
||||
1. Go to Network Icon on the top panel -> Edit Connections then click the Add button in the pop-up window
|
||||
1. Choose Wi-Fi from the drop-down menu
|
||||
1. Next,
|
||||
|
||||
a. Type in a connection name e.g. Hotspot
|
||||
|
||||
b. Type in a SSID e.g. Hotspot
|
||||
|
||||
c. Select mode: Infrastructure
|
||||
|
||||
d. Device MAC address: select your wireless card from drop-down menu
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
1. Go to Wi-Fi Security tab, select security type WPA & WPA2 Personal and set a password
|
||||
1. Go to IPv4 Settings tab, from Method drop-down box, select Shared to other computers
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
1. Go to IPv6 tab and set Method to ignore (do this only if you do not use IPv6)
|
||||
1. Hit the “Save” button to save the configuration
|
||||
1. Open a terminal from the menu/dash
|
||||
1. Now, edit the connection with you just created via network settings
|
||||
|
||||
VIM editor:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo vim /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/Hotspot
|
||||
|
||||
Gedit:
|
||||
|
||||
gksu gedit /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/Hotspot
|
||||
|
||||
Replace name Hotspot with the connection name you have given in step 4
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
1. Change the line mode=infrastructure to mode=ap and save the file
|
||||
1. Once you save the file, you should be able to see the wifi named Hotspot showing up in the list of available wifi networks. (If the network does not show, disable and enable wifi )
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
1. You can now connect your Android phone. Connection tested using Xioami Mi4i running Android 5.0 (Downloaded 1GB to test speed and reliability)
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.linuxveda.com/2015/08/23/how-to-create-an-ap-in-ubuntu-15-04-to-connect-to-androidiphone/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Sayantan Das][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.linuxveda.com/author/sayantan_das/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
|
||||
Mhddfs – Combine Several Smaller Partition into One Large Virtual Storage
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Let’s assume that you have 30GB of movies and you have 3 drives each 20 GB in size. So how will you store?
|
||||
|
||||
Obviously you can split your videos in two or three different volumes and store them on the drive manually. This certainly is not a good idea, it is an exhaustive work which requires manual intervention and a lots of your time.
|
||||
|
||||
Another solution is to create a [RAID array of disk][1]. The RAID has always remained notorious for loss of storage reliability and usable disk space. Another solution is mhddfs.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Mhddfs – Combine Multiple Partitions in Linux
|
||||
|
||||
mhddfs is a driver for Linux that combines several mount points into one virtual disk. It is a fuse based driver, which provides a easy solution for large data storage. It combines all small file systems to create a single big virtual filesystem which contains every particle of its member filesystem including files and free spaces.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Why you need Mhddfs? ####
|
||||
|
||||
All your storage devices creates a single virtual pool and it can be mounted right at the boot. This small utility takes care of, which drive is full and which is empty and to write data to what drive, intelligently. Once you create virtual drives successfully, you can share your virtual filesystem using [SAMBA][2]. Your client will always see a huge drive and lots of free space.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Features of Mhddfs ####
|
||||
|
||||
- Get attributes of the file system and system information.
|
||||
- Set attributes of the file system.
|
||||
- Create, Read, Remove and write Directories and files.
|
||||
- Support for file locks and Hardlinks on single device.
|
||||
|
||||
注：表格
|
||||
<table cellspacing="0" border="0">
|
||||
<colgroup width="472"></colgroup>
|
||||
<colgroup width="491"></colgroup>
|
||||
<tbody>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td height="29" align="center" style="border: 1px solid #000000;"><b><span style="color: black; font-size: large;">Pros of mhddfs</span></b></td>
|
||||
<td align="center" style="border: 1px solid #000000;"><b><span style="color: black; font-size: large;">Cons of mhddfs</span></b></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr class="alt">
|
||||
<td height="25" align="left" style="border: 1px solid #000000;"><span style="color: black; font-size: medium;"> Perfect for home users.</span></td>
|
||||
<td align="left" style="border: 1px solid #000000;"><span style="color: black; font-size: medium;">mhddfs driver is not built in the Linux Kernel</span></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td height="25" align="left" style="border: 1px solid #000000;"><span style="color: black; font-size: medium;"> Simple to run.</span></td>
|
||||
<td align="left" style="border: 1px solid #000000;"><span style="color: black; font-size: medium;"> Required lots of processing power during runtime</span></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr class="alt">
|
||||
<td height="25" align="left" style="border: 1px solid #000000;"><span style="color: black; font-size: medium;"> No evidence of Data loss</span></td>
|
||||
<td align="left" style="border: 1px solid #000000;"><span style="color: black; font-size: medium;"> No redundancy solution.</span></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td height="25" align="left" style="border: 1px solid #000000;"><span style="color: black; font-size: medium;"> Do not split the file.</span></td>
|
||||
<td align="left" style="border: 1px solid #000000;"><span style="color: black; font-size: medium;"> Hardlinks moving not supported</span></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr class="alt">
|
||||
<td height="25" align="left" style="border: 1px solid #000000;"><span style="color: black; font-size: medium;"> Add new files to the combined virtual filesystem.</span></td>
|
||||
<td align="left" style="border: 1px solid #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td height="25" align="left" style="border: 1px solid #000000;"><span style="color: black; font-size: medium;"> Manage the location where these files are saved.</span></td>
|
||||
<td align="left" style="border: 1px solid #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr class="alt">
|
||||
<td height="25" align="left" style="border: 1px solid #000000;"><span style="color: black; font-size: medium;"> Extended file attributes</span></td>
|
||||
<td align="left" style="border: 1px solid #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
### Installation of Mhddfs in Linux ###
|
||||
|
||||
On Debian and portable to alike systems, you can install mhddfs package using following command.
|
||||
|
||||
# apt-get update && apt-get install mhddfs
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Install Mhddfs on Debian based Systems
|
||||
|
||||
On RHEL/CentOS Linux systems, you need to turn on [epel-repository][3] and then execute the below command to install mhddfs package.
|
||||
|
||||
# yum install mhddfs
|
||||
|
||||
On Fedora 22+ systems, you may get it by dnf package manger as shown below.
|
||||
|
||||
# dnf install mhddfs
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Install Mhddfs on Fedora
|
||||
|
||||
If incase, mhddfs package isn’t available from epel repository, then you need to resolve following dependencies to install and compile it from source as shown below.
|
||||
|
||||
- FUSE header files
|
||||
- GCC
|
||||
- libc6 header files
|
||||
- uthash header files
|
||||
- libattr1 header files (optional)
|
||||
|
||||
Next, download the latest source package simply as suggested below and compile it.
|
||||
|
||||
# wget http://mhddfs.uvw.ru/downloads/mhddfs_0.1.39.tar.gz
|
||||
# tar -zxvf mhddfs*.tar.gz
|
||||
# cd mhddfs-0.1.39/
|
||||
# make
|
||||
|
||||
You should be able to see binary mhddfs in the current directory. Move it to /usr/bin/ and /usr/local/bin/ as root.
|
||||
|
||||
# cp mhddfs /usr/bin/
|
||||
# cp mhddfs /usr/local/bin/
|
||||
|
||||
All set, mhddfs is ready to be used.
|
||||
|
||||
### How do I use Mhddfs? ###
|
||||
|
||||
1. Lets see all the HDD mounted to my system currently.
|
||||
|
||||
$ df -h
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Sample Output**
|
||||
|
||||
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
|
||||
|
||||
/dev/sda1 511M 132K 511M 1% /boot/efi
|
||||
/dev/sda2 451G 92G 336G 22% /
|
||||
/dev/sdb1 1.9T 161G 1.7T 9% /media/avi/BD9B-5FCE
|
||||
/dev/sdc1 555M 555M 0 100% /media/avi/Debian 8.1.0 M-A 1
|
||||
|
||||
Notice the ‘Mount Point‘ name here, which we will be using later.
|
||||
|
||||
2. Create a directory `/mnt/virtual_hdd` where all these all file system will be grouped together as,
|
||||
|
||||
# mkdir /mnt/virtual_hdd
|
||||
|
||||
3. And then mount all the file-systems. Either as root or as a user who is a member of FUSE group.
|
||||
|
||||
# mhddfs /boot/efi, /, /media/avi/BD9B-5FCE/, /media/avi/Debian\ 8.1.0\ M-A\ 1/ /mnt/virtual_hdd -o allow_other
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Mount All File System in Linux
|
||||
|
||||
**Note**: We are used mount Point names here of all the HDDs. Obviously the mount point in your case will be different. Also notice “-o allow_other” option makes this Virtual file system visible to all others and not only the person who created it.
|
||||
|
||||
4. Now run “df -h” see all the filesystems. It should contain the one you created just now.
|
||||
|
||||
$ df -h
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Verify Virtual File System Mount
|
||||
|
||||
You can perform all the option to the Virtual File System you created as you would have done to a Mounted Drive.
|
||||
|
||||
5. To create this Virtual File system on every system boot, you should add the below line of code (in your case it should be different, depending upon your mount point), at the end of /etc/fstab file as root.
|
||||
|
||||
mhddfs# /boot/efi, /, /media/avi/BD9B-5FCE/, /media/avi/Debian\ 8.1.0\ M-A\ 1/ /mnt/virtual_hdd fuse defaults,allow_other 0 0
|
||||
|
||||
6. If at any point of time you want to add/remove a new drive to Virtual_hdd, you may mount a new drive, copy the contents of mount point /mnt/virtual_hdd, un-mount the volume, Eject the Drive you want to remove and/or mount the new drive you want to include, Mount the overall filesystem under Virtual_hdd using mhddfs command and you should be done.
|
||||
|
||||
#### How do I Un-Mount Virtual_hdd? ####
|
||||
|
||||
Unmounting virtual_hdd is as easy as,
|
||||
|
||||
# umount /mnt/virtual_hdd
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Unmount Virtual Filesystem
|
||||
|
||||
Notice it is umount and not unmount. A lot of user type it wrong.
|
||||
|
||||
That’s all for now. I am working on another post you people will love to read. Till then stay tuned and connected to Tecmint. Provide us with your valuable feedback in the comments below. Like and share us and help us get spread.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.tecmint.com/combine-partitions-into-one-in-linux-using-mhddfs/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Avishek Kumar][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.tecmint.com/author/avishek/
|
||||
[1]:http://www.tecmint.com/understanding-raid-setup-in-linux/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.tecmint.com/mount-filesystem-in-linux/
|
||||
[3]:http://www.tecmint.com/how-to-enable-epel-repository-for-rhel-centos-6-5/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
|
||||
Docker Working on Security Components, Live Container Migration
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Docker 开发者在 Containercon 上的演讲，谈论将来的容器在安全和实时迁移方面的创新**
|
||||
|
||||
来自西雅图的消息。当前 IT 界最热的词汇是“容器”，美国有两大研讨会：Linuxcon USA 和 Containercon，后者就是为容器而生的。
|
||||
|
||||
Docker 公司是开源 Docker 项目的商业赞助商，本次研讨会这家公司有 3 位高管带来主题演讲，但公司创始人 Solomon Hykes 没上场演讲。
|
||||
|
||||
Hykes 曾在 2014 年的 Linuxcon 上进行过一次主题演讲，但今年的 Containeron 他只坐在观众席上。而工程部高级副总裁 Marianna Tessel、Docker 首席安全员 Diogo Monica 和核心维护员 Michael Crosby 为我们演讲 Docker 新增的功能和将来会有的功能。
|
||||
|
||||
Tessel 强调 Docker 现在已经被很多世界上最大的组织用在生产环境中，包括美国政府。Docker 也被用在小环境中，比如树莓派，一块树莓派上可以跑 2300 个容器。
|
||||
|
||||
“Docker 的功能正在变得越来越强大，而部署方法变得越来越简单。”Tessel 在会上说道。
|
||||
|
||||
Tessel 把 Docker 形容成一艘游轮，内部由强大而复杂的机器驱动，外部为乘客提供平稳航行的体验。
|
||||
|
||||
Docker 试图解决的领域是简化安全配置。Tessel 认为对于大多数用户和组织来说，避免网络漏洞所涉及的安全问题是一个乏味而且复杂的过程。
|
||||
|
||||
于是 Docker Content Trust 就出现在 Docker 1.8 release 版本中了。安全项目领导 Diogo Mónica 中加入 Tessel 上台讨论，说安全是一个难题，而 Docker Content Trust 就是为解决这个难道而存在的。
|
||||
|
||||
Docker Content Trusst 提供一种方法来验证一个 Docker 应用是否可信，以及多种方法来限制欺骗和病毒注入。
|
||||
|
||||
为了证明他的观点，Monica 做了个现场示范，演示 Content Trust 的效果。在一个实验中，一个网站在更新过程中其 Web App 被人为攻破，而当 Content Trust 启动后，这个黑客行为再也无法得逞。
|
||||
|
||||
“不要被这个表面上简单的演示欺骗了，”Tessel 说道，“你们看的是最安全的可行方案。”
|
||||
|
||||
Docker 以前没有实现的领域是实时迁移，这个技术在 VMware 虚拟机中叫做 vMotion，而现在，Docker 也实现了这个功能。
|
||||
|
||||
Docker 首席维护员 Micheal Crosby 在台上做了个实时迁移的演示，Crosby 把这个过程称为快照和恢复：首先从运行中的容器拿到一个快照，之后将这个快照移到另一个地方恢复。
|
||||
|
||||
一个容器也可以克隆到另一个地方，Crosby 将他的克隆容器称为“多利”，就是世界上第一只被克隆出来的羊的名字。
|
||||
|
||||
Tessel 也花了点时间聊了下 RunC 组件，这是个正在被 Open Container Initiative 作为多方开发的项目，目的是让窗口兼容 Linux、Windows 和 Solaris。
|
||||
|
||||
Tessel 总结说她不知道 Docker 的未来是什么样，但对此抱非常乐观的态度。
|
||||
|
||||
“我不确定未来是什么样的，但我很确定 Docker 会在这个世界中脱颖而出”，Tessel 说的。
|
||||
|
||||
Sean Michael Kerner 是 eWEEK 和 InternetNews.com 网站的高级编辑，可通过推特 @TechJournalist 关注他。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.eweek.com/virtualization/docker-working-on-security-components-live-container-migration.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Sean Michael Kerner][a]
|
||||
译者：[bazz2](https://github.com/bazz2)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.eweek.com/cp/bio/Sean-Michael-Kerner/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
|
||||
Linux中通过命令行监控股票报价
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
如果你是那些股票投资者或者交易者中的一员，那么监控证券市场将成为你日常工作中的其中一项任务。最有可能是你会使用一个在线交易平台，这个平台有着一些漂亮的实时图表和全部种类的高级股票分析和交易工具。虽然这种复杂的市场研究工具是任何严肃的证券投资者阅读市场的必备，但是监控最新的股票报价来构建有利可图的投资组合仍然有很长一段路要走。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你是一位长久坐在终端前的全职系统管理员，而证券交易又成了你日常生活中的业余兴趣，那么一个简单地显示实时股票报价的命令行工具会是你的恩赐。
|
||||
|
||||
在本教程中，让我来介绍一个灵巧而简洁的命令行工具，它可以让你在Linux上从命令行监控股票报价。
|
||||
|
||||
这个工具叫做[Mop][1]。它是用GO编写的一个轻量级命令行工具，可以极其方便地跟踪来自美国市场的最新股票报价。你可以很轻松地自定义要监控的证券列表，它会在一个基于ncurses的便于阅读的界面显示最新的股票报价。
|
||||
|
||||
**注意**：Mop是通过雅虎金融API获取最新的股票报价的。你必须意识到，他们的的股票报价已知会有15分钟的延时。所以，如果你正在寻找0延时的“实时”股票报价，那么Mop就不是你的菜了。这种“现场”股票报价订阅通常可以通过向一些不开放的私有接口付费获取。对于上面讲得，让我们来看看怎样在Linux环境下使用Mop吧。
|
||||
|
||||
### 安装 Mop 到 Linux ###
|
||||
|
||||
由于Mop部署在Go中，你首先需要安装Go语言。如果你还没有安装Go，请参照[此指南][2]将Go安装到你的Linux平台中。请确保按指南中所讲的设置GOPATH环境变量。
|
||||
|
||||
安装完Go后，继续像下面这样安装Mop。
|
||||
|
||||
**Debian，Ubuntu 或 Linux Mint**
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install git
|
||||
$ go get github.com/michaeldv/mop
|
||||
$ cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/michaeldv/mop
|
||||
$ make install
|
||||
|
||||
**Fedora，CentOS，RHEL**
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo yum install git
|
||||
$ go get github.com/michaeldv/mop
|
||||
$ cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/michaeldv/mop
|
||||
$ make install
|
||||
|
||||
上述命令将安装Mop到$GOPATH/bin。
|
||||
|
||||
现在，编辑你的.bashrc，将$GOPATH/bin写到你的PATH变量中。
|
||||
|
||||
export PATH="$PATH:$GOPATH/bin"
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
$ source ~/.bashrc
|
||||
|
||||
### 使用Mop来通过命令行监控股票报价 ###
|
||||
|
||||
要启动Mop，只需运行名为cmd的命令。
|
||||
|
||||
$ cmd
|
||||
|
||||
首次启动，你将看到一些Mop预配置的证券行情自动收录器。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
报价显示了像最新价格、交易百分比、每日低/高、52周低/高、股利以及年产量等信息。Mop从[CNN][3]获取市场总览信息，从[雅虎金融][4]获得个股报价，股票报价信息它自己会在终端内周期性更新。
|
||||
|
||||
### 自定义Mop中的股票报价 ###
|
||||
|
||||
让我们来试试自定义证券列表吧。对此，Mop提供了易于记忆的快捷键：‘+’用于添加一只新股，而‘-’则用于移除一只股票。
|
||||
|
||||
要添加新股，请按‘+’，然后输入股票代码来添加（如MSFT）。你可以通过输入一个由逗号分隔的交易代码列表来一次添加多个股票（如”MSFT, AMZN, TSLA”）。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
从列表中移除股票可以类似地按‘-’来完成。
|
||||
|
||||
### 对Mop中的股票报价排序 ###
|
||||
|
||||
你可以基于任何栏目对股票报价列表进行排序。要排序，请按‘o’，然后使用左/右键来选择排序的基准栏目。当选定了一个特定栏目后，你可以按回车来对列表进行升序排序，或者降序排序。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
通过按‘g’，你可以根据股票当日的涨或跌来分组。涨的情况以绿色表示，跌的情况以白色表示。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
如果你想要访问帮助页，只需要按‘?’。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 尾声 ###
|
||||
|
||||
正如你所见，Mop是一个轻量级的，然而极其方便的证券监控工具。当然，你可以很轻松地从其它别的什么地方，从在线站点，你的智能手机等等访问到股票报价信息。然而，如果你在终端环境中花费大量时间，Mop可以很容易地适应你的工作空间，希望没有让你过多地从你的公罗流程中分心。只要让它在你其中一个终端中运行并保持市场日期持续更新，就让它在那干着吧。
|
||||
|
||||
交易快乐！
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://xmodulo.com/monitor-stock-quotes-command-line-linux.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Dan Nanni][a]
|
||||
译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://xmodulo.com/author/nanni
|
||||
[1]:https://github.com/michaeldv/mop
|
||||
[2]:http://ask.xmodulo.com/install-go-language-linux.html
|
||||
[3]:http://money.cnn.com/data/markets/
|
||||
[4]:http://finance.yahoo.com/
|
||||
@ -1,146 +0,0 @@
|
||||
|
||||
RAID的级别和概念的介绍 - 第1部分
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
RAID是廉价磁盘冗余阵列，但现在它被称为独立磁盘冗余阵列。早先一个容量很小的磁盘都是非常昂贵的，但是现在我们可以很便宜的买到一个更大的磁盘。Raid 是磁盘的一个集合，被称为逻辑卷。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
在 Linux 中理解 RAID 的设置
|
||||
|
||||
RAID包含一组或者一个集合甚至一个阵列。使用一组磁盘结合驱动器组成 RAID 阵列或 RAID 集。一个 RAID 控制器至少使用两个磁盘并且使用一个逻辑卷或者多个驱动器在一个组中。在一个磁盘组的应用中只能使用一个 RAID 级别。使用 RAID 可以提高服务器的性能。不同 RAID 的级别，性能会有所不同。它通过容错和高可用性来保存我们的数据。
|
||||
|
||||
这个系列被命名为RAID的构建共包含9个部分包括以下主题。
|
||||
|
||||
- 第1部分：RAID的级别和概念的介绍
|
||||
- 第2部分：在Linux中如何设置 RAID0（条带化）
|
||||
- 第3部分：在Linux中如何设置 RAID1（镜像化）
|
||||
- 第4部分：在Linux中如何设置 RAID5（条带化与分布式奇偶校验）
|
||||
- 第5部分：在Linux中如何设置 RAID6（条带双分布式奇偶校验）
|
||||
- 第6部分：在Linux中设置 RAID 10 或1 + 0（嵌套）
|
||||
- 第7部分：增加现有的 RAID 阵列并删除损坏的磁盘
|
||||
- 第8部分：在 RAID 中恢复（重建）损坏的驱动器
|
||||
- 第9部分：在 Linux 中管理 RAID
|
||||
|
||||
这是9系列教程的第1部分，在这里我们将介绍 RAID 的概念和 RAID 级别，这是在 Linux 中构建 RAID 需要理解的。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 软件RAID和硬件RAID ###
|
||||
|
||||
软件 RAID 的性能很低，因为其从主机资源消耗。 RAID 软件需要加载可读取数据从软件 RAID 卷中。在加载 RAID 软件前，操作系统需要得到加载 RAID 软件的引导。在软件 RAID 中无需物理硬件。零成本投资。
|
||||
|
||||
硬件 RAID 具有很高的性能。他们有专用的 RAID 控制器，采用 PCI Express卡物理内置的。它不会使用主机资源。他们有 NVRAM 缓存读取和写入。当重建时即使出现电源故障，它会使用电池电源备份存储缓存。对于大规模使用需要非常昂贵的投资。
|
||||
|
||||
硬件 RAID 卡如下所示：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
硬件RAID
|
||||
|
||||
#### 精选的 RAID 概念 ####
|
||||
|
||||
- 在 RAID 重建中校验方法中丢失的内容来自从校验中保存的信息。 RAID 5，RAID 6 基于校验。
|
||||
- 条带化是随机共享数据到多个磁盘。它不会在单个磁盘中保存完整的数据。如果我们使用3个磁盘，则数据将会存在于每个磁盘上。
|
||||
- 镜像被用于 RAID 1 和 RAID 10。镜像会自动备份数据。在 RAID 1，它将保存相同的内容到其他盘上。
|
||||
- 在我们的服务器上，热备份只是一个备用驱动器，它可以自动更换发生故障的驱动器。在我们的阵列中，如果任何一个驱动器损坏，热备份驱动器会自动重建。
|
||||
- 块是 RAID 控制器每次读写数据时的最小单位，最小4KB。通过定义块大小，我们可以增加 I/O 性能。
|
||||
|
||||
RAID有不同的级别。在这里，我们仅看到在真实环境下的使用最多的 RAID 级别。
|
||||
|
||||
- RAID0 = 条带化
|
||||
- RAID1 = 镜像
|
||||
- RAID5 = 单个磁盘分布式奇偶校验
|
||||
- RAID6 = 双盘分布式奇偶校验
|
||||
- RAID10 = 镜像 + 条带。（嵌套RAID）
|
||||
|
||||
RAID 在大多数 Linux 发行版上使用 mdadm 的包管理。让我们先对每个 RAID 级别认识一下。
|
||||
|
||||
#### RAID 0（或）条带化 ####
|
||||
|
||||
条带化有很好的性能。在 RAID 0（条带化）中数据将使用共享的方式被写入到磁盘。一半的内容将是在一个磁盘上，另一半内容将被写入到其它磁盘。
|
||||
|
||||
假设我们有2个磁盘驱动器，例如，如果我们将数据“TECMINT”写到逻辑卷中，“T”将被保存在第一盘中，“E”将保存在第二盘，'C'将被保存在第一盘，“M”将保存在第二盘，它会一直继续此循环过程。
|
||||
|
||||
在这种情况下，如果驱动器中的任何一个发生故障，我们将丢失所有的数据，因为一个盘中只有一半的数据，不能用于重建。不过，当比较写入速度和性能时，RAID0 是非常好的。创建 RAID 0（条带化）至少需要2个磁盘。如果你的数据是非常宝贵的，那么不要使用此 RAID 级别。
|
||||
|
||||
- 高性能。
|
||||
- 在 RAID0 上零容量损失。
|
||||
- 零容错。
|
||||
- 写和读有很高的性能。
|
||||
|
||||
#### RAID1（或）镜像化 ####
|
||||
|
||||
镜像也有不错的性能。镜像可以备份我们的数据。假设我们有两组2TB的硬盘驱动器，我们总共有4TB，但在镜像中，驱动器在 RAID 控制器的后面形成一个逻辑驱动器，我们只能看到逻辑驱动器有2TB。
|
||||
|
||||
当我们保存数据时，它将同时写入2TB驱动器中。创建 RAID 1 （镜像化）最少需要两个驱动器。如果发生磁盘故障，我们可以恢复 RAID 通过更换一个新的磁盘。如果在 RAID 1 中任何一个磁盘发生故障，我们可以从另一个磁盘中获取相同的数据，因为其他的磁盘中也有相同的数据。所以是零数据丢失。
|
||||
|
||||
- 良好的性能。
|
||||
- 空间的一半将在总容量丢失。
|
||||
- 完全容错。
|
||||
- 重建会更快。
|
||||
- 写性能将是缓慢的。
|
||||
- 读将会很好。
|
||||
- 被操作系统和数据库使用的规模很小。
|
||||
|
||||
#### RAID 5（或）分布式奇偶校验 ####
|
||||
|
||||
RAID 5 多用于企业的水平。 RAID 5 的工作通过分布式奇偶校验的方法。奇偶校验信息将被用于重建数据。它需要留下的正常驱动器上的信息去重建。驱动器故障时，这会保护我们的数据。
|
||||
|
||||
假设我们有4个驱动器，如果一个驱动器发生故障而后我们更换发生故障的驱动器后，我们可以从奇偶校验中重建数据到更换的驱动器上。奇偶校验信息存储在所有的4个驱动器上，如果我们有4个 1TB 的驱动器。奇偶校验信息将被存储在每个驱动器的256G中而其它768GB是用户自己使用的。单个驱动器故障后，RAID 5 依旧正常工作，如果驱动器损坏个数超过1个会导致数据的丢失。
|
||||
|
||||
- 性能卓越
|
||||
- 读速度将非常好。
|
||||
- 如果我们不使用硬件 RAID 控制器，写速度是缓慢的。
|
||||
- 从所有驱动器的奇偶校验信息中重建。
|
||||
- 完全容错。
|
||||
- 1个磁盘空间将用于奇偶校验。
|
||||
- 可以被用在文件服务器，Web服务器，非常重要的备份中。
|
||||
|
||||
#### RAID 6 两个分布式奇偶校验磁盘 ####
|
||||
|
||||
RAID 6 和 RAID 5 相似但它有两个分布式奇偶校验。大多用在大量的阵列中。我们最少需要4个驱动器，即使有2个驱动器发生故障，我们依然可以重建数据，同时更换新的驱动器。
|
||||
|
||||
它比 RAID 5 非常慢，因为它将数据同时写到4个驱动器上。当我们使用硬件 RAID 控制器时速度将被平均。如果我们有6个的1TB驱动器，4个驱动器将用于数据保存，2个驱动器将用于校验。
|
||||
|
||||
- 性能不佳。
|
||||
- 读的性能很好。
|
||||
- 如果我们不使用硬件 RAID 控制器写的性能会很差。
|
||||
- 从2奇偶校验驱动器上重建。
|
||||
- 完全容错。
|
||||
- 2个磁盘空间将用于奇偶校验。
|
||||
- 可用于大型阵列。
|
||||
- 在备份和视频流中大规模使用。
|
||||
|
||||
#### RAID 10（或）镜像+条带 ####
|
||||
|
||||
RAID 10 可以被称为1 + 0或0 +1。它将做镜像+条带两个工作。在 RAID 10 中首先做镜像然后做条带。在 RAID 01 上首先做条带，然后做镜像。RAID 10 比 01 好。
|
||||
|
||||
假设，我们有4个驱动器。当我写了一些数据到逻辑卷上，它会使用镜像和条带将数据保存到4个驱动器上。
|
||||
|
||||
如果我在 RAID 10 上写入数据“TECMINT”，数据将使用如下形式保存。首先将“T”同时写入两个磁盘，“E”也将同时写入两个磁盘，这一步将所有数据都写入。这使数据得到备份。
|
||||
|
||||
同时它将使用 RAID 0 方式写入数据，遵循将“T”写入第一个盘，“E”写入第二个盘。再次将“C”写入第一个盘，“M”到第二个盘。
|
||||
|
||||
- 良好的读写性能。
|
||||
- 空间的一半将在总容量丢失。
|
||||
- 容错。
|
||||
- 从备份数据中快速重建。
|
||||
- 它的高性能和高可用性常被用于数据库的存储中。
|
||||
|
||||
### 结论 ###
|
||||
|
||||
在这篇文章中，我们已经看到了什么是 RAID 和在实际环境大多采用 RAID 的哪个级别。希望你已经学会了上面所写的。对于 RAID 的构建必须了解有关 RAID 的基本知识。以上内容对于你了解 RAID 基本满足。
|
||||
|
||||
在接下来的文章中，我将介绍如何设置和使用各种级别创建 RAID，增加 RAID 组（阵列）和驱动器故障排除等。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.tecmint.com/understanding-raid-setup-in-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Babin Lonston][a]
|
||||
译者：[strugglingyouth](https://github.com/strugglingyouth)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.tecmint.com/author/babinlonston/
|
||||
@ -1,218 +0,0 @@
|
||||
在 Linux 上使用 ‘mdadm’ 工具创建软件 RAID0 （条带化）在 ‘两个设备’ 上 - 第2部分
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
RAID 是廉价磁盘的冗余阵列，其高可用性和可靠性适用于大规模环境中，为了使数据被保护而不是被正常使用。RAID 只是磁盘的一个集合被称为逻辑卷。结合驱动器，使其成为一个阵列或称为集合（组）。
|
||||
|
||||
创建 RAID 最少应使用2个磁盘被连接组成 RAID 控制器，逻辑卷或多个驱动器可以根据定义的 RAID 级别添加在一个阵列中。不使用物理硬件创建的 RAID 被称为软件 RAID。软件 RAID 一般都是不太有钱的人才使用的。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
在 Linux 中创建 RAID0
|
||||
|
||||
使用 RAID 的主要目的是为了在单点故障时保存数据，如果我们使用单个磁盘来存储数据，如果它损坏了，那么就没有机会取回我们的数据了，为了防止数据丢失我们需要一个容错的方法。所以，我们可以使用多个磁盘组成 RAID 阵列。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 在 RAID 0 中条带是什么 ####
|
||||
|
||||
条带是通过将数据在同一时间分割到多个磁盘上。假设我们有两个磁盘，如果我们将数据保存到逻辑卷上，它会将数据保存在两个磁盘上。使用 RAID 0 是为了获得更好的性能，但是如果驱动器中一个出现故障，我们将不能得到完整的数据。因此，使用 RAID 0 不是一种好的做法。唯一的解决办法就是安装有 RAID0 逻辑卷的操作系统来提高文件的安全性。
|
||||
|
||||
- RAID 0 性能较高。
|
||||
- 在 RAID 0 上，空间零浪费。
|
||||
- 零容错（如果硬盘中的任何一个发生故障，无法取回数据）。
|
||||
- 写和读性能得以提高。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 要求 ####
|
||||
|
||||
创建 RAID 0 允许的最小磁盘数目是2个，但你可以添加更多的磁盘，但数目应该是2，4，6，8等的两倍。如果你有一个物理 RAID 卡并且有足够的端口，你可以添加更多磁盘。
|
||||
|
||||
在这里，我们没有使用硬件 RAID，此设置只依赖于软件 RAID。如果我们有一个物理硬件 RAID 卡，我们可以从它的 UI 组件访问它。有些主板默认内建 RAID 功能，还可以使用 Ctrl + I 键访问 UI。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你是刚开始设置 RAID，请阅读我们前面的文章，我们已经介绍了一些关于 RAID 基本的概念。
|
||||
|
||||
- [Introduction to RAID and RAID Concepts][1]
|
||||
|
||||
**我的服务器设置**
|
||||
|
||||
Operating System : CentOS 6.5 Final
|
||||
IP Address : 192.168.0.225
|
||||
Two Disks : 20 GB each
|
||||
|
||||
这篇文章是9个 RAID 系列教程的第2部分，在这部分，我们将看看如何能够在 Linux 上创建和使用 RAID0(条带化),以名为 sdb 和 sdc 两个20GB的硬盘为例。
|
||||
|
||||
### 第1步：更新系统和安装管理 RAID 的 mdadm 软件 ###
|
||||
|
||||
1.在 Linux 上设置 RAID0 前，我们先更新一下系统，然后安装 ‘mdadm’ 包。mdadm 是一个小程序，这将使我们能够在Linux下配置和管理 RAID 设备。
|
||||
|
||||
# yum clean all && yum update
|
||||
# yum install mdadm -y
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
安装 mdadm 工具
|
||||
|
||||
### 第2步：检测并连接两个 20GB 的硬盘 ###
|
||||
|
||||
2.在创建 RAID 0 前，请务必确认两个硬盘能被检测到，使用下面的命令确认。
|
||||
|
||||
# ls -l /dev | grep sd
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
检查硬盘
|
||||
|
||||
3.一旦检测到新的硬盘驱动器，同时检查是否连接的驱动器已经被现有的 RAID 使用，使用下面的 ‘mdadm’ 命令来查看。
|
||||
|
||||
# mdadm --examine /dev/sd[b-c]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
检查 RAID 设备
|
||||
|
||||
从上面的输出我们可以看到，没有任何 RAID 使用 sdb 和 sdc 这两个驱动器。
|
||||
|
||||
### 第3步：创建 RAID 分区 ###
|
||||
|
||||
4.现在用 sdb 和 sdc 创建 RAID 的分区，使用 fdisk 命令来创建。在这里，我将展示如何创建 sdb 驱动器上的分区。
|
||||
|
||||
# fdisk /dev/sdb
|
||||
|
||||
请按照以下说明创建分区。
|
||||
|
||||
- 按 ‘n’ 创建新的分区。
|
||||
- 然后按 ‘P’ 选择主分区。
|
||||
- 接下来选择分区号为1。
|
||||
- 只需按两次回车键选择默认值即可。
|
||||
- 然后，按 ‘P’ 来打印创建好的分区。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
创建分区
|
||||
|
||||
请按照以下说明将分区创建为 Linux 的 RAID 类型。
|
||||
|
||||
- 按 ‘L’，列出所有可用的类型。
|
||||
- 按 ‘t’ 去修改分区。
|
||||
- 键入 ‘fd’ 设置为Linux 的 RAID 类型，然后按 Enter 确认。
|
||||
- 然后再次使用‘p’查看我们所做的更改。
|
||||
- 使用‘w’保存更改。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
在 Linux 上创建 RAID 分区
|
||||
|
||||
**注**: 请使用上述步骤同样在 sdc 驱动器上创建分区。
|
||||
|
||||
5.创建分区后，验证这两个驱动器能使用下面的命令来正确定义 RAID。
|
||||
|
||||
# mdadm --examine /dev/sd[b-c]
|
||||
# mdadm --examine /dev/sd[b-c]1
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
验证 RAID 分区
|
||||
|
||||
### 第4步：创建 RAID md 设备 ###
|
||||
|
||||
6.现在使用以下命令创建 md 设备（即 /dev/md0），并选择 RAID 合适的级别。
|
||||
|
||||
# mdadm -C /dev/md0 -l raid0 -n 2 /dev/sd[b-c]1
|
||||
# mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=stripe --raid-devices=2 /dev/sd[b-c]1
|
||||
|
||||
- -C – create
|
||||
- -l – level
|
||||
- -n – No of raid-devices
|
||||
|
||||
7.一旦 md 设备已经建立，使用如下命令可以查看 RAID 级别，设备和阵列的使用状态。
|
||||
|
||||
# cat /proc/mdstat
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
查看 RAID 级别
|
||||
|
||||
# mdadm -E /dev/sd[b-c]1
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
查看 RAID 设备
|
||||
|
||||
# mdadm --detail /dev/md0
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
查看 RAID 阵列
|
||||
|
||||
### 第5步：挂载 RAID 设备到文件系统 ###
|
||||
|
||||
8.将 RAID 设备 /dev/md0 创建为 ext4 文件系统并挂载到 /mnt/raid0 下。
|
||||
|
||||
# mkfs.ext4 /dev/md0
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
创建 ext4 文件系统
|
||||
|
||||
9. ext4 文件系统为 RAID 设备创建好后，现在创建一个挂载点（即 /mnt/raid0），并将设备 /dev/md0 挂载在它下。
|
||||
|
||||
# mkdir /mnt/raid0
|
||||
# mount /dev/md0 /mnt/raid0/
|
||||
|
||||
10.下一步，使用 df 命令验证设备 /dev/md0 是否被挂载在 /mnt/raid0 下。
|
||||
|
||||
# df -h
|
||||
|
||||
11.接下来，创建一个名为 ‘tecmint.txt’ 的文件挂载到 /mnt/raid0 下，为创建的文件添加一些内容，并查看文件和目录的内容。
|
||||
|
||||
# touch /mnt/raid0/tecmint.txt
|
||||
# echo "Hi everyone how you doing ?" > /mnt/raid0/tecmint.txt
|
||||
# cat /mnt/raid0/tecmint.txt
|
||||
# ls -l /mnt/raid0/
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
验证挂载的设备
|
||||
|
||||
12.一旦你验证挂载点后，同时将它添加到 /etc/fstab 文件中。
|
||||
|
||||
# vim /etc/fstab
|
||||
|
||||
添加以下条目，根据你的安装位置和使用文件系统的不同，自行做修改。
|
||||
|
||||
/dev/md0 /mnt/raid0 ext4 deaults 0 0
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
添加设备到 fstab 文件中
|
||||
|
||||
13.使用 mount ‘-a‘ 来检查 fstab 的条目是否有误。
|
||||
|
||||
# mount -av
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
检查 fstab 文件是否有误
|
||||
|
||||
### 第6步：保存 RAID 配置 ###
|
||||
|
||||
14.最后，保存 RAID 配置到一个文件中，以供将来使用。同样，我们使用 ‘mdadm’ 命令带有 ‘-s‘ (scan) 和 ‘-v‘ (verbose) 选项，如图所示。
|
||||
|
||||
# mdadm -E -s -v >> /etc/mdadm.conf
|
||||
# mdadm --detail --scan --verbose >> /etc/mdadm.conf
|
||||
# cat /etc/mdadm.conf
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
保存 RAID 配置
|
||||
|
||||
就这样，我们在这里看到，如何通过使用两个硬盘配置具有条带化的 RAID0 级别。在接下来的文章中，我们将看到如何设置 RAID5。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.tecmint.com/create-raid0-in-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Babin Lonston][a]
|
||||
译者：[strugglingyouth](https://github.com/strugglingyouth)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.tecmint.com/author/babinlonston/
|
||||
[1]:http://www.tecmint.com/understanding-raid-setup-in-linux/
|
||||
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user