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[Translated]How to Install Nginx as Reverse Proxy for Apache on FreeBSD 10.2
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Translating by KnightJoker
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How to Install Nginx as Reverse Proxy for Apache on FreeBSD 10.2
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================================================================================
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Nginx is free and open source HTTP server and reverse proxy, as well as an mail proxy server for IMAP/POP3. Nginx is high performance web server with rich of features, simple configuration and low memory usage. Originally written by Igor Sysoev on 2002, and until now has been used by a big technology company including Netflix, Github, Cloudflare, WordPress.com etc.
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In this tutorial we will "**install and configure nginx web server as reverse proxy for apache on freebsd 10.2**". Apache will run with php on port 8080, and then we need to configure nginx run on port 80 to receive a request from user/visitor. If user request for web page from the browser on port 80, then nginx will pass the request to apache webserver and PHP that running on port 8080.
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#### Prerequisite ####
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- FreeBSD 10.2.
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- Root privileges.
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### Step 1 - Update the System ###
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Log in to your freebsd server with ssh credential and update system with command below :
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freebsd-update fetch
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freebsd-update install
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### Step 2 - Install Apache ###
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pache is open source HTTP server and the most widely used web server. Apache is not installed by default on freebsd, but we can install it from the ports or package on "/usr/ports/www/apache24" or install it from freebsd repository with pkg command. In this tutorial we will use pkg command to install from the freebsd repository :
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pkg install apache24
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### Step 3 - Install PHP ###
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Once apache is installed, followed with installing php for handling a PHP file request by a user. We will install php with pkg command as below :
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pkg install php56 mod_php56 php56-mysql php56-mysqli
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### Step 4 - Configure Apache and PHP ###
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Once all is installed, we will configure apache to run on port 8080, and php working with apache. To configure apache, we can edit the configuration file "httpd.conf", and for PHP we just need to copy the php configuration file php.ini on "/usr/local/etc/" directory.
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Go to "/usr/local/etc/" directory and copy php.ini-production file to php.ini :
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cd /usr/local/etc/
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cp php.ini-production php.ini
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Next, configure apache by editing file "httpd.conf" on apache directory :
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cd /usr/local/etc/apache24
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nano -c httpd.conf
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Port configuration on line **52** :
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Listen 8080
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ServerName configuration on line **219** :
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ServerName 127.0.0.1:8080
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Add DirectoryIndex file that apache will serve it if a directory requested on line **277** :
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DirectoryIndex index.php index.html
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Configure apache to work with php by adding script below under line **287** :
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<FilesMatch "\.php$">
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SetHandler application/x-httpd-php
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</FilesMatch>
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<FilesMatch "\.phps$">
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SetHandler application/x-httpd-php-source
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</FilesMatch>
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Save and exit.
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Now add apache to start at boot time with sysrc command :
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sysrc apache24_enable=yes
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And test apache configuration with command below :
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apachectl configtest
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If there is no error, start apache :
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service apache24 start
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If all is done, verify that php is running well with apache by creating phpinfo file on "/usr/local/www/apache24/data" directory :
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cd /usr/local/www/apache24/data
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echo "<?php phpinfo(); ?>" > info.php
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Now visit the freebsd server IP : 192.168.1.123:8080/info.php.
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Apache is working with php on port 8080.
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### Step 5 - Install Nginx ###
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Nginx high performance web server and reverse proxy with low memory consumption. In this step we will use nginx as reverse proxy for apache, so let's install it with pkg command :
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pkg install nginx
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### Step 6 - Configure Nginx ###
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Once nginx is installed, we must configure it by replacing nginx file "**nginx.conf**" with new configuration below. Change the directory to "/usr/local/etc/nginx/" and backup default nginx.conf :
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cd /usr/local/etc/nginx/
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mv nginx.conf nginx.conf.oroginal
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Now create new nginx configuration file :
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nano -c nginx.conf
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and paste configuration below :
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user www;
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worker_processes 1;
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error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
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events {
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worker_connections 1024;
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}
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http {
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include mime.types;
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default_type application/octet-stream;
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log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
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'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
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'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
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access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
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sendfile on;
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keepalive_timeout 65;
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# Nginx cache configuration
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proxy_cache_path /var/nginx/cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=my-cache:8m max_size=1000m inactive=600m;
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proxy_temp_path /var/nginx/cache/tmp;
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proxy_cache_key "$scheme$host$request_uri";
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gzip on;
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server {
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#listen 80;
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server_name _;
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location /nginx_status {
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stub_status on;
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access_log off;
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}
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# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
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#
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error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
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location = /50x.html {
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root /usr/local/www/nginx-dist;
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}
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# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:8080
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#
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location ~ \.php$ {
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proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080;
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include /usr/local/etc/nginx/proxy.conf;
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}
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}
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include /usr/local/etc/nginx/vhost/*;
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}
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Save and exit.
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Next, create new file called **proxy.conf** for reverse proxy configuration on nginx directory :
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cd /usr/local/etc/nginx/
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nano -c proxy.conf
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Paste configuration below :
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proxy_buffering on;
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proxy_redirect off;
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proxy_set_header Host $host;
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proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
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proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
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client_max_body_size 10m;
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client_body_buffer_size 128k;
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proxy_connect_timeout 90;
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proxy_send_timeout 90;
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proxy_read_timeout 90;
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proxy_buffers 100 8k;
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add_header X-Cache $upstream_cache_status;
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Save and exit.
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And the last, create new directory for nginx cache on "/var/nginx/cache" :
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mkdir -p /var/nginx/cache
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### Step 7 - Configure Nginx VirtualHost ###
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In this step we will create new virtualhost for domain "saitama.me", with document root on "/usr/local/www/saitama.me" and the log file on "/var/log/nginx" directory.
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First thing we must do is creating new directory to store the virtualhost file, we here use new directory called "**vhost**". Let's create it :
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cd /usr/local/etc/nginx/
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mkdir vhost
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vhost directory has been created, now go to the directory and create new file virtualhost. I'me here will create new file "**saitama.conf**" :
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cd vhost/
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nano -c saitama.conf
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Paste virtualhost configuration below :
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server {
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# Replace with your freebsd IP
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listen 192.168.1.123:80;
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# Document Root
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root /usr/local/www/saitama.me;
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index index.php index.html index.htm;
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# Domain
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server_name www.saitama.me saitama.me;
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# Error and Access log file
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error_log /var/log/nginx/saitama-error.log;
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access_log /var/log/nginx/saitama-access.log main;
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# Reverse Proxy Configuration
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location ~ \.php$ {
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proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080;
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include /usr/local/etc/nginx/proxy.conf;
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# Cache configuration
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proxy_cache my-cache;
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proxy_cache_valid 10s;
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proxy_no_cache $cookie_PHPSESSID;
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proxy_cache_bypass $cookie_PHPSESSID;
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proxy_cache_key "$scheme$host$request_uri";
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}
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# Disable Cache for the file type html, json
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location ~* .(?:manifest|appcache|html?|xml|json)$ {
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expires -1;
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}
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# Enable Cache the file 30 days
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location ~* .(jpg|png|gif|jpeg|css|mp3|wav|swf|mov|doc|pdf|xls|ppt|docx|pptx|xlsx)$ {
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proxy_cache_valid 200 120m;
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expires 30d;
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proxy_cache my-cache;
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access_log off;
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}
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}
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Save and exit.
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Next, create new log directory for nginx and virtualhost on "/var/log/" :
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mkdir -p /var/log/nginx/
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If all is done, let's create a directory for document root for saitama.me :
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cd /usr/local/www/
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mkdir saitama.me
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### Step 8 - Testing ###
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This step is just test our nginx configuration and test the nginx virtualhost.
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Test nginx configuration with command below :
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nginx -t
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If there is no problem, add nginx to boot time with sysrc command, and then start it and restart apache:
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sysrc nginx_enable=yes
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service nginx start
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service apache24 restart
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All is done, now verify the the php is working by adding new file phpinfo on saitama.me directory :
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cd /usr/local/www/saitama.me
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echo "<?php phpinfo(); ?>" > info.php
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Visit the domain : **www.saitama.me/info.php**.
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Nginx as reverse proxy for apache is working, and php is working too.
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And this is another results :
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Test .html file with no-cache.
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curl -I www.saitama.me
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Test .css file with 30day cache.
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curl -I www.saitama.me/test.css
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Test .php file with cache :
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curl -I www.saitama.me/info.php
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All is done.
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### Conclusion ###
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Nginx is most popular HTTP server and reverse proxy. Has a rich of features with high performance and low memory/RAM usage. Nginx use too for caching, we can cache a static file on the web to make the web fast load, and cache for php file if a user request for it. Nginx is easy to configure and use, use for HTTP server or act as reverse proxy for apache.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://linoxide.com/linux-how-to/install-nginx-reverse-proxy-apache-freebsd-10-2/
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作者：[Arul][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://linoxide.com/author/arulm/
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@ -0,0 +1,327 @@
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如何在FreeBSD 10.2上安装Nginx作为Apache的反向代理
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================================================================================
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Nginx是一款免费的，开源的HTTP和反向代理服务器, 以及一个代理POP3/IMAP的邮件服务器. Nginx是一款高性能的web服务器，其特点是丰富的功能，简单的结构以及低内存的占用. 第一个版本由 Igor Sysoev在2002年发布,然而到现在为止很多大的科技公司都在使用，包括 Netflix, Github, Cloudflare, WordPress.com等等
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在这篇教程里我们会 "**在freebsd 10.2系统上，安装和配置Nginx网络服务器作为Apache的反向代理**". Apache 会用PHP在8080端口上运行,并且我们需要在80端口配置Nginx的运行，用来接收用户/访问者的请求.如果网页的用户请求来自于浏览器的80端口, 那么Nginx会用Apache网络服务器和PHP来通过这个请求，并运行在8080端口.
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#### 前提条件 ####
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- FreeBSD 10.2.
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- Root 权限.
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### 步骤 1 - 更新系统 ###
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使用SSH证书登录到你的FreeBSD服务器以及使用下面命令来更新你的系统 :
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freebsd-update fetch
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freebsd-update install
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### 步骤 2 - 安装 Apache ###
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Apache是现在使用范围最广的网络服务器以及开源的HTTP服务器.在FreeBSD里Apache是未被默认安装的, 但是我们可以直接从端口下载，或者解压包在"/usr/ports/www/apache24" 目录下，再或者直接从PKG命令的FreeBSD系统信息库安装。在本教程中，我们将使用PKG命令从FreeBSD的库中安装：
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pkg install apache24
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### 步骤 3 - 安装 PHP ###
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一旦成功安装Apache, 接着将会安装PHP并由一个用户处理一个PHP的文件请求. 我们将会用到如下的PKG命令来安装PHP :
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pkg install php56 mod_php56 php56-mysql php56-mysqli
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### 步骤 4 - 配置 Apache 和 PHP ###
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一旦所有都安装好了, 我们将会配置Apache在8080端口上运行, 并让PHP与Apache一同工作. 为了配置Apache,我们可以编辑 "httpd.conf"这个配置文件, 然而PHP我们只需要复制PHP的配置文件 php.ini 在 "/usr/local/etc/"目录下.
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进入到 "/usr/local/etc/" 目录 并且复制 php.ini-production 文件到 php.ini :
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cd /usr/local/etc/
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cp php.ini-production php.ini
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下一步, 在Apache目录下通过编辑 "httpd.conf"文件来配置Apache :
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cd /usr/local/etc/apache24
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nano -c httpd.conf
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端口配置在第 **52**行 :
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Listen 8080
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服务器名称配置在第 **219** 行:
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ServerName 127.0.0.1:8080
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在第 **277**行，如果目录需要，添加的DirectoryIndex文件，Apache将直接作用于它 :
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DirectoryIndex index.php index.html
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在第 **287**行下，配置Apache通过添加脚本来支持PHP :
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<FilesMatch "\.php$">
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SetHandler application/x-httpd-php
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</FilesMatch>
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<FilesMatch "\.phps$">
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SetHandler application/x-httpd-php-source
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</FilesMatch>
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保存然后退出.
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现在用sysrc命令，来添加Apache作为开机启动项目 :
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|
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sysrc apache24_enable=yes
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然后用下面的命令测试Apache的配置 :
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apachectl configtest
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如果到这里都没有问题的话，那么就启动Apache吧 :
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||||
service apache24 start
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如果全部完毕, 在"/usr/local/www/apache24/data" 目录下，创建一个phpinfo文件是验证PHP在Apache下完美运行的好方法 :
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||||
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||||
cd /usr/local/www/apache24/data
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echo "<?php phpinfo(); ?>" > info.php
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|
||||
现在就可以访问 freebsd 的服务器 IP : 192.168.1.123:8080/info.php.
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||||
|
||||
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||||
|
||||
Apache 是使用 PHP 在 8080端口下运行的.
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|
||||
### 步骤 5 - 安装 Nginx ###
|
||||
|
||||
Nginx 以低内存的占用作为一款高性能的web服务器以及反向代理服务器.在这个步骤里，我们将会使用Nginx作为Apache的反向代理, 因此让我们用pkg命令来安装它吧 :
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||||
|
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pkg install nginx
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### 步骤 6 - 配置 Nginx ###
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||||
|
||||
一旦 Nginx 安装完毕, 在 "**nginx.conf**" 文件里，我们需要做一个新的配置文件来替换掉原来的nginx文件. 更改到 "/usr/local/etc/nginx/"目录下 并且默认备份到 nginx.conf 文件:
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||||
|
||||
cd /usr/local/etc/nginx/
|
||||
mv nginx.conf nginx.conf.oroginal
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|
||||
现在就可以创建一个新的 nginx 配置文件了 :
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||||
|
||||
nano -c nginx.conf
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||||
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||||
然后粘贴下面的配置:
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||||
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||||
user www;
|
||||
worker_processes 1;
|
||||
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
|
||||
|
||||
events {
|
||||
worker_connections 1024;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
http {
|
||||
include mime.types;
|
||||
default_type application/octet-stream;
|
||||
|
||||
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
|
||||
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
|
||||
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
|
||||
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
|
||||
|
||||
sendfile on;
|
||||
keepalive_timeout 65;
|
||||
|
||||
# Nginx cache configuration
|
||||
proxy_cache_path /var/nginx/cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=my-cache:8m max_size=1000m inactive=600m;
|
||||
proxy_temp_path /var/nginx/cache/tmp;
|
||||
proxy_cache_key "$scheme$host$request_uri";
|
||||
|
||||
gzip on;
|
||||
|
||||
server {
|
||||
#listen 80;
|
||||
server_name _;
|
||||
|
||||
location /nginx_status {
|
||||
|
||||
stub_status on;
|
||||
access_log off;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
|
||||
#
|
||||
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
|
||||
location = /50x.html {
|
||||
root /usr/local/www/nginx-dist;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:8080
|
||||
#
|
||||
location ~ \.php$ {
|
||||
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080;
|
||||
include /usr/local/etc/nginx/proxy.conf;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
include /usr/local/etc/nginx/vhost/*;
|
||||
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
保存退出.
|
||||
|
||||
下一步, 在nginx目录下面，创建一个 **proxy.conf** 文件，使其作为反向代理 :
|
||||
|
||||
cd /usr/local/etc/nginx/
|
||||
nano -c proxy.conf
|
||||
|
||||
粘贴如下配置 :
|
||||
|
||||
proxy_buffering on;
|
||||
proxy_redirect off;
|
||||
proxy_set_header Host $host;
|
||||
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
|
||||
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
|
||||
client_max_body_size 10m;
|
||||
client_body_buffer_size 128k;
|
||||
proxy_connect_timeout 90;
|
||||
proxy_send_timeout 90;
|
||||
proxy_read_timeout 90;
|
||||
proxy_buffers 100 8k;
|
||||
add_header X-Cache $upstream_cache_status;
|
||||
|
||||
保存退出.
|
||||
|
||||
最后一步, 为 nginx 的高速缓存创建一个 "/var/nginx/cache"的新目录 :
|
||||
|
||||
mkdir -p /var/nginx/cache
|
||||
|
||||
### 步骤 7 - 配置 Nginx 的虚拟主机 ###
|
||||
|
||||
在这个步骤里面，我们需要创建一个新的虚拟主机域 "saitama.me", 以跟文件 "/usr/local/www/saitama.me" 和日志文件一同放在 "/var/log/nginx" 目录下.
|
||||
|
||||
我们必须做的第一件事情就是创建新的目录来存放虚拟主机文件, 在这里我们将用到一个"**vhost**"的新文件. 并创建它 :
|
||||
|
||||
cd /usr/local/etc/nginx/
|
||||
mkdir vhost
|
||||
|
||||
创建好vhost 目录, 那么我们就进入这个目录并创建一个新的虚拟主机文件. 这里我取名为 "**saitama.conf**" :
|
||||
|
||||
cd vhost/
|
||||
nano -c saitama.conf
|
||||
|
||||
粘贴如下虚拟主机的配置 :
|
||||
|
||||
server {
|
||||
# Replace with your freebsd IP
|
||||
listen 192.168.1.123:80;
|
||||
|
||||
# Document Root
|
||||
root /usr/local/www/saitama.me;
|
||||
index index.php index.html index.htm;
|
||||
|
||||
# Domain
|
||||
server_name www.saitama.me saitama.me;
|
||||
|
||||
# Error and Access log file
|
||||
error_log /var/log/nginx/saitama-error.log;
|
||||
access_log /var/log/nginx/saitama-access.log main;
|
||||
|
||||
# Reverse Proxy Configuration
|
||||
location ~ \.php$ {
|
||||
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080;
|
||||
include /usr/local/etc/nginx/proxy.conf;
|
||||
|
||||
# Cache configuration
|
||||
proxy_cache my-cache;
|
||||
proxy_cache_valid 10s;
|
||||
proxy_no_cache $cookie_PHPSESSID;
|
||||
proxy_cache_bypass $cookie_PHPSESSID;
|
||||
proxy_cache_key "$scheme$host$request_uri";
|
||||
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
# Disable Cache for the file type html, json
|
||||
location ~* .(?:manifest|appcache|html?|xml|json)$ {
|
||||
expires -1;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
# Enable Cache the file 30 days
|
||||
location ~* .(jpg|png|gif|jpeg|css|mp3|wav|swf|mov|doc|pdf|xls|ppt|docx|pptx|xlsx)$ {
|
||||
proxy_cache_valid 200 120m;
|
||||
expires 30d;
|
||||
proxy_cache my-cache;
|
||||
access_log off;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
保存退出.
|
||||
|
||||
下一步, 为nginx和虚拟主机创建一个新的日志目录 "/var/log/" :
|
||||
|
||||
mkdir -p /var/log/nginx/
|
||||
|
||||
如果一切顺利, 在文件的根目录下创建文件 saitama.me :
|
||||
|
||||
cd /usr/local/www/
|
||||
mkdir saitama.me
|
||||
|
||||
### 步骤 8 - 测试 ###
|
||||
|
||||
在这个步骤里面，我们只是测试我们的nginx和虚拟主机的配置.
|
||||
|
||||
用如下命令测试nginx的配置 :
|
||||
|
||||
nginx -t
|
||||
|
||||
如果一切都没有问题, 用 sysrc 命令添加nginx为启动项,并且启动nginx和重启apache:
|
||||
|
||||
sysrc nginx_enable=yes
|
||||
service nginx start
|
||||
service apache24 restart
|
||||
|
||||
一切完毕后, 在 saitama.me 目录下，添加一个新的phpinfo文件来验证php的正常运行 :
|
||||
|
||||
cd /usr/local/www/saitama.me
|
||||
echo "<?php phpinfo(); ?>" > info.php
|
||||
|
||||
然后便访问这个文档 : **www.saitama.me/info.php**.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Nginx 作为Apache的反向代理正在运行了，PHP也同样在进行工作了.
|
||||
|
||||
这是另一种结果 :
|
||||
|
||||
Test .html 文件无缓存.
|
||||
|
||||
curl -I www.saitama.me
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Test .css 文件只有三十天的缓存.
|
||||
|
||||
curl -I www.saitama.me/test.css
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Test .php 文件正常缓存 :
|
||||
|
||||
curl -I www.saitama.me/info.php
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
全部完成.
|
||||
|
||||
### 总结 ###
|
||||
|
||||
Nginx 是最广泛的 HTTP 和反向代理的服务器. 拥有丰富的高性能和低内存/RAM的使用功能. Nginx使用了太多的缓存, 我们可以在网络上缓存静态文件使得网页加速, 并且在用户需要的时候再缓存php文件. 这样Nginx 的轻松配置和使用,可以让它用作HTTP服务器 或者 apache的反向代理.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://linoxide.com/linux-how-to/install-nginx-reverse-proxy-apache-freebsd-10-2/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Arul][a]
|
||||
译者：[KnightJoker](https://github.com/KnightJoker)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://linoxide.com/author/arulm/
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user