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[完成翻译] How to check if port is in use on Linux or Unix
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GHLandy Translating
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How to check if port is in use on Linux or Unix
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============================================================
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[
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][1]
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How do I determine if a port is in use under Linux or Unix-like system? How can I verify which ports are listening on Linux server?
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It is important you verify which ports are listing on the server’s network interfaces. You need to pay attention to open ports to detect an intrusion. Apart from an intrusion, for troubleshooting purposes, it may be necessary to check if a port is already in use by a different application on your servers. For example, you may install Apache and Nginx server on the same system. So it is necessary to know if Apache or Nginx is using TCP port # 80/443\. This quick tutorial provides steps to use the netstat, nmap and lsof command to check the ports in use and view the application that is utilizing the port.
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### How to check the listening ports and applications on Linux:
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1. Open a terminal application i.e. shell prompt.
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2. Run any one of the following command:
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```
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sudo lsof -i -P -n | grep LISTEN
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sudo netstat -tulpn | grep LISTEN
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sudo nmap -sTU -O IP-address-Here
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```
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Let us see commands and its output in details.
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### Option #1: lsof command
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The syntax is:
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```
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$ sudo lsof -i -P -n
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$ sudo lsof -i -P -n | grep LISTEN
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$ doas lsof -i -P -n | grep LISTEN
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```
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### [OpenBSD] ###
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Sample outputs:
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[
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][2]
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Fig.01: Check the listening ports and applications with lsof command
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Consider the last line from above outputs:
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```
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sshd 85379 root 3u IPv4 0xffff80000039e000 0t0 TCP 10.86.128.138:22 (LISTEN)
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```
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- sshd is the name of the application.
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- 10.86.128.138 is the IP address to which sshd application bind to (LISTEN)
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- 22 is the TCP port that is being used (LISTEN)
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- 85379 is the process ID of the sshd process
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### Option #2: netstat command
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You can check the listening ports and applications with netstat as follows.
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### Linux netstat syntax
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```
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$ netstat -tulpn | grep LISTEN
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```
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### FreeBSD/MacOS X netstat syntax
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```
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$ netstat -anp tcp | grep LISTEN
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$ netstat -anp udp | grep LISTEN
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```
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### OpenBSD netstat syntax
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````
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$ netstat -na -f inet | grep LISTEN
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$ netstat -nat | grep LISTEN
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```
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### Option #3: nmap command
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The syntax is:
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```
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$ sudo nmap -sT -O localhost
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$ sudo nmap -sU -O 192.168.2.13 ##[ list open UDP ports ]##
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$ sudo nmap -sT -O 192.168.2.13 ##[ list open TCP ports ]##
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```
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Sample outputs:
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[
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][3]
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Fig.02: Determines which ports are listening for TCP connections using nmap
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You can combine TCP/UDP scan in a single command:
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`$ sudo nmap -sTU -O 192.168.2.13`
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### A note about Windows users
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You can check port usage from Windows operating system using following command:
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```
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netstat -bano | more
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netstat -bano | grep LISTENING
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netstat -bano | findstr /R /C:"[LISTING]"
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````
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/unix-linux-check-if-port-is-in-use-command/
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作者：[ VIVEK GITE][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/unix-linux-check-if-port-is-in-use-command/
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[1]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/category/linux/
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[2]:http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/unix-linux-check-if-port-is-in-use-command/lsof-outputs/
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[3]:http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/unix-linux-check-if-port-is-in-use-command/nmap-outputs/
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@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
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如何在 \*nix 系统中验证端口是否被占用
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==========
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[][1]
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在 Linux 或者类 Unix 中，我该如何检查某个端口是否被占用？我又该如何验证 Linux 服务器中有哪些端口处于监听状态？
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验证哪些端口在服务器的网络接口上处于监听状态是非常重要的。你需要注意那些用于监听指令的开放端口。暂且不说那些用于排除故障的指令，确认服务器上的某个端口是否被其他应用程序占用也是必要的。比方说，你可能会在同一个系统中安装了 Apache 和 Nginx 服务，所以了解是 Apache 还是 Nginx 占用 # 80/443 TCP端口真的很重要。本文会提及使用 netstat、nmap 和 lsof 命令来检查端口是否被占用以及查看程序使用了那些端口。
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### 如何检查 Linux 中的监听端口和程序
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1. 打开一个终端，如 shell 命令窗口。
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2. 运行一下任意一行命令：
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```
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sudo lsof -i -P -n | grep LISTEN
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sudo netstat -tulpn | grep LISTEN
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sudo nmap -sTU -O IP-address-Here
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```
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下面我们看看这些命令输出的详细内容：
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### 选择 #1：lsof 命令
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语法如下：
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```
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$ sudo lsof -i -P -n
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$ sudo lsof -i -P -n | grep LISTEN
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$ doas lsof -i -P -n | grep LISTEN
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```
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### [OpenBSD] ###
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输出如下：
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[][2]
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图 1：使用 lsof 命令检查监听端口和程序
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如上图输出的最后一行：
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```
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sshd 85379 root 3u IPv4 0xffff80000039e000 0t0 TCP 10.86.128.138:22 (LISTEN)
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```
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- sshd 是程序的名称
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- 10.86.128.138 是 sshd 程序绑定监听 (LISTEN) 的 IP 地址
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- 22 是被占用 (LISTEN) 的 TCP 端口
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- 85379 是 sshd 进程的进程 ID (PID)
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### 选择 #2：netstat 命令
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netstat 命令检查监听端口和程序的用法如下：
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### Linux 中 netstat 语法如下：
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```
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$ netstat -tulpn | grep LISTEN
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```
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### FreeBSD/MacOS X 中 netstat 语法如下：
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```
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$ netstat -anp tcp | grep LISTEN
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$ netstat -anp udp | grep LISTEN
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```
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### OpenBSD 中 netstat 语法如下：
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```
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$ netstat -na -f inet | grep LISTEN
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$ netstat -nat | grep LISTEN
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```
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### 选择 #3：nmap 命令
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语法如下：
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```
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$ sudo nmap -sT -O localhost
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$ sudo nmap -sU -O 192.168.2.13 ##[ list open UDP ports ]##
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$ sudo nmap -sT -O 192.168.2.13 ##[ list open TCP ports ]##
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```
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输出如下：
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[][3]
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图 2：使用 nmap 探测那些端口用于监听 TCP 连接
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你可以在单个命令中同时探测 TCP/UDP 连接：
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`$ sudo nmap -sTU -O 192.168.2.13`
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### 关于 Windows 用户
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你可以使用以下 Windows 自带的命令来检查端口的使用情况：
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```
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netstat -bano | more
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netstat -bano | grep LISTENING
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netstat -bano | findstr /R /C:"[LISTING]"
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```
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----------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/unix-linux-check-if-port-is-in-use-command/
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作者：[ VIVEK GITE][a]
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译者：[GHLandy](https://github.com/GHLandy)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/unix-linux-check-if-port-is-in-use-command/
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[1]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/category/linux/
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[2]:http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/unix-linux-check-if-port-is-in-use-command/lsof-outputs/
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[3]:http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/unix-linux-check-if-port-is-in-use-command/nmap-outputs/
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