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geekpi
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translating---geekpi
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How To Check Which Groups A User Belongs To On Linux
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======
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Adding a user into existing group is one of the regular activity for Linux admin. This is daily activity for some of the administrator who’s working one big environments.
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Even i am performing such a activity on daily in my environment due to business requirement. It’s one of the important command which helps you to identify existing groups on your environment.
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Also these commands helps you to identify which groups a user belongs to. All the users are listed in `/etc/passwd` file and groups are listed in `/etc/group`.
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Whatever command we use, that will fetch the information from these files. Also, each command has their unique feature which helps user to get the required information alone.
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### What Is /etc/passwd?
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`/etc/passwd` is a text file that contains each user information, which is necessary to login Linux system. It maintain useful information about users such as username, password, user ID, group ID, user ID info, home directory and shell. The passwd file contain every user details as a single line with seven fields as described above.
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```
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$ grep "daygeek" /etc/passwd
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daygeek:x:1000:1000:daygeek,,,:/home/daygeek:/bin/bash
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```
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### What Is /etc/group?
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`/etc/group` is a text file that defines which groups a user belongs to. We can add multiple users into single group. It allows user to access other users files and folders as Linux permissions are organized into three classes, user, group, and others. It maintain useful information about group such as Group name, Group password, Group ID (GID) and Member list. each on a separate line. The group file contain every group details as a single line with four fields as described above.
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This can be performed by using below methods.
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* `groups:`Show All Members of a Group.
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* `id:`Print user and group information for the specified username.
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* `lid:`It display user’s groups or group’s users.
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* `getent:`get entries from Name Service Switch libraries.
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* `grep`grep stands for “global regular expression print” which prints matching pattern.
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### What Is groups Command?
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groups command prints the names of the primary and any supplementary groups for each given username.
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```
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$ groups daygeek
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daygeek : daygeek adm cdrom sudo dip plugdev lpadmin sambashare
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```
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If you would like to check list of groups associated with current user. Just run **“group”** command alone without any username.
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```
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$ groups
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daygeek adm cdrom sudo dip plugdev lpadmin sambashare
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```
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### What Is id Command?
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id stands for identity. print real and effective user and group IDs. To print user and group information for the specified user, or for the current user.
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```
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$ id daygeek
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uid=1000(daygeek) gid=1000(daygeek) groups=1000(daygeek),4(adm),24(cdrom),27(sudo),30(dip),46(plugdev),118(lpadmin),128(sambashare)
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```
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If you would like to check list of groups associated with current user. Just run **“id”** command alone without any username.
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```
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$ id
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uid=1000(daygeek) gid=1000(daygeek) groups=1000(daygeek),4(adm),24(cdrom),27(sudo),30(dip),46(plugdev),118(lpadmin),128(sambashare)
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```
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### What Is lid Command?
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It display user’s groups or group’s users. Displays information about groups containing user name, or users contained in group name. This command required privileges to run.
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```
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$ sudo lid daygeek
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adm(gid=4)
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cdrom(gid=24)
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sudo(gid=27)
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dip(gid=30)
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plugdev(gid=46)
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lpadmin(gid=108)
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daygeek(gid=1000)
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sambashare(gid=124)
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```
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### What Is getent Command?
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The getent command displays entries from databases supported by the Name Service Switch libraries, which are configured in /etc/nsswitch.conf.
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```
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$ getent group | grep daygeek
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adm:x:4:syslog,daygeek
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cdrom:x:24:daygeek
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sudo:x:27:daygeek
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dip:x:30:daygeek
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plugdev:x:46:daygeek
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lpadmin:x:118:daygeek
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daygeek:x:1000:
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sambashare:x:128:daygeek
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```
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If you would like to print only associated groups name then include **“awk”** command along with above command.
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```
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$ getent group | grep daygeek | awk -F: '{print $1}'
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adm
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cdrom
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sudo
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dip
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plugdev
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lpadmin
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daygeek
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sambashare
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```
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Run the below command to print only primary group information.
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```
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$ getent group daygeek
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daygeek:x:1000:
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```
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### What Is grep Command?
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grep stands for “global regular expression print” which prints matching pattern from the file.
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```
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$ grep "daygeek" /etc/group
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adm:x:4:syslog,daygeek
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cdrom:x:24:daygeek
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sudo:x:27:daygeek
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dip:x:30:daygeek
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plugdev:x:46:daygeek
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lpadmin:x:118:daygeek
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daygeek:x:1000:
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sambashare:x:128:daygeek
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```
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If you would like to print only associated groups name then include **“awk”** command along with above command.
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```
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$ grep "daygeek" /etc/group | awk -F: '{print $1}'
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adm
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cdrom
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sudo
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dip
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plugdev
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lpadmin
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daygeek
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sambashare
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```
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-check-which-groups-a-user-belongs-to-on-linux/
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作者：[Prakash Subramanian][a]
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选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://www.2daygeek.com/author/prakash/
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@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
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如何在 Linux 上检查用户所属组
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======
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将用户添加到现有组是 Linux 管理员的常规活动之一。这是一些在大环境中工作的管理员的日常活动。
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即使我因为业务需求而在我的环境中每天都在进行这样的活动。它是帮助你识别环境中现有组的重要命令之一。
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此外，这些命令还可以帮助你识别用户所属的组。所有用户都列在 `/etc/passwd` 中，组列在 `/etc/group` 中。
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无论我们使用什么命令，都将从这些文件中获取信息。此外，每个命令都有其独特的功能，可帮助用户单独获取所需的信息。
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### 什么是 /etc/passwd？
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`/etc/passwd` 是一个文本文件，其中包含登录 Linux 系统所必需的每个用户信息。它维护有用的用户信息，如用户名、密码、用户 ID、组 ID、用户 ID 信息、家目录和 shell。passwd 每行包含了用户的详细信息，共有如上所述的 7 个字段。
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```
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$ grep "daygeek" /etc/passwd
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daygeek:x:1000:1000:daygeek,,,:/home/daygeek:/bin/bash
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```
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### 什么是 /etc/group？
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`/etc/group` 是一个文本文件，用于定义用户所属的组。我们可以将多个用户添加到单个组中。它允许用户访问其他用户文件和文件夹，因为 Linux 权限分为三类，用户、组和其他。它维护有关组的有用信息，例如组名、组密码，组 ID（GID）和成员列表。每个都在一个单独的行。组文件每行包含了每个组的详细信息，共有 4 个如上所述字段。
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这可以通过使用以下方法来执行。
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* `groups：` 显示一个组的所有成员。
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* `id：` 打印指定用户名的用户和组信息。
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* `lid：` 显示用户的组或组的用户。
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* `getent：` 从 Name Service Switch 库中获取条目。
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* `grep：` 代表“全局正则表达式打印”（global regular expression print），它能打印匹配的模式。
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### 什么是组命令？
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groups 命令打印每个给定用户名的主要组和任何补充组的名称。
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```
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$ groups daygeek
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daygeek : daygeek adm cdrom sudo dip plugdev lpadmin sambashare
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```
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如果要检查与当前用户关联的组列表。只需运行 **“group”** 命令，无需带任何用户名。
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```
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$ groups
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daygeek adm cdrom sudo dip plugdev lpadmin sambashare
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```
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### 什么是 id 命令？
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id 代表身份。打印真实有效的用户和组 ID。打印指定用户或当前用户的用户和组信息。
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```
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$ id daygeek
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uid=1000(daygeek) gid=1000(daygeek) groups=1000(daygeek),4(adm),24(cdrom),27(sudo),30(dip),46(plugdev),118(lpadmin),128(sambashare)
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```
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如果要检查与当前用户关联的组列表。只运行 **“id”** 命令，无需带任何用户名。
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```
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$ id
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uid=1000(daygeek) gid=1000(daygeek) groups=1000(daygeek),4(adm),24(cdrom),27(sudo),30(dip),46(plugdev),118(lpadmin),128(sambashare)
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```
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### 什么是 lid 命令？
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它显示用户的组或组的用户。显示有关包含用户名的组或组名称中包含的用户的信息。此命令需要管理员权限。
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```
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$ sudo lid daygeek
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adm(gid=4)
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cdrom(gid=24)
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sudo(gid=27)
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dip(gid=30)
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plugdev(gid=46)
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lpadmin(gid=108)
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daygeek(gid=1000)
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sambashare(gid=124)
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```
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### 什么是 getent 命令？
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getent 命令显示 Name Service Switch 库支持的数据库中的条目，它们在 /etc/nsswitch.conf 中配置。
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```
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$ getent group | grep daygeek
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adm:x:4:syslog,daygeek
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cdrom:x:24:daygeek
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sudo:x:27:daygeek
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dip:x:30:daygeek
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plugdev:x:46:daygeek
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lpadmin:x:118:daygeek
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daygeek:x:1000:
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sambashare:x:128:daygeek
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```
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如果你只想打印关联的组名称，请在上面的命令中使用 **“awk”**。
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```
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$ getent group | grep daygeek | awk -F: '{print $1}'
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adm
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cdrom
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sudo
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dip
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plugdev
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lpadmin
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daygeek
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sambashare
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```
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运行以下命令仅打印主群组信息。
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```
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$ getent group daygeek
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daygeek:x:1000:
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```
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### 什么是 grep 命令？
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grep 代表“全局正则表达式打印”（global regular expression print），它能打印文件匹配的模式。
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```
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$ grep "daygeek" /etc/group
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adm:x:4:syslog,daygeek
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cdrom:x:24:daygeek
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sudo:x:27:daygeek
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dip:x:30:daygeek
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plugdev:x:46:daygeek
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lpadmin:x:118:daygeek
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daygeek:x:1000:
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sambashare:x:128:daygeek
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```
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如果你只想打印关联的组名称，请在上面的命令中使用 **“awk”**。
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```
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$ grep "daygeek" /etc/group | awk -F: '{print $1}'
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adm
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cdrom
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sudo
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dip
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plugdev
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lpadmin
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daygeek
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sambashare
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```
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-check-which-groups-a-user-belongs-to-on-linux/
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作者：[Prakash Subramanian][a]
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选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
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||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
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||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://www.2daygeek.com/author/prakash/
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